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Liao W, Wang M, Wu Y, Du J, Li Y, Su A, Zhong L, Xie Z, Gong M, Liang J, Wang P, Liu Z, Wang L. The mechanisms of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction in treating ischaemic stroke based on network pharmacology and experiment verification. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1014-1029. [PMID: 37410583 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2230477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) is effective in treating ischaemic stroke (IS). However, its mechanism of action is still unclear. OBJECTIVE Network pharmacology integrated with in vivo experiments were used to clarify the underlying mechanisms of HGWD for treating IS. MATERIALS AND METHODS TCMSP, GeneCards, OMIM and STRING were used to retrieve and construct visual protein interaction networks for the key targets. The AutoDock tool was used for molecular docking between key targets and active compounds. The neuroprotective effect of HGWD were verified in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rat. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham, model, low-dose (5 g/kg, i.g.), high-dose (20 g/kg, i.g.), and nimodipine (20 mg/kg, i.g.) groups once daily for 7 days. The neurological scores, brain infarct volumes, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokines, Nissl bodies, apoptotic neurons, and signalling pathways were all investigated and evaluated in vivo. RESULTS Network pharmacology identified 117 HGWD targets related to IS and 36 candidate compounds. GO and KEGG analyses showed that HGWD anti-IS effects were mainly associated with PI3K-Akt and HIF-1 signalling pathways. HGWD effectively reduced the cerebral infarct volumes (19.19%), the number of apoptotic neurons (16.78%), and the release of inflammatory cytokines, etc. in MCAO rats. Furthermore, HGWD decreased the levels of HIF-1A, VEGFA, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, p-MAPK1, and p-c-Jun while increasing the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT1, and Bcl-2. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study initially elucidated the mechanism of HGWD anti-IS, which contributed to the further promotion and secondary development of HGWD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minchun Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyan Du
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anyu Su
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanying Zhong
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi Xie
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyu Gong
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhui Liang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zai Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lan Y, Pan C, Qiu X, Miao J, Sun W, Li G, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Zhu S. Nomogram for Persistent Post-Stroke Depression and Decision Curve Analysis. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:393-403. [PMID: 35411138 PMCID: PMC8994611 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s357639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients and Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhou Zhu; Suiqiang Zhu, Tel +86-18171081029; +86-13035101141, Email ;
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Xu Z, Elrashidy RA, Li B, Liu G. Oxidative Stress: A Putative Link Between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Aging and Major Chronic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:812967. [PMID: 35360727 PMCID: PMC8960172 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.812967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and major chronic diseases are risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). On the other hand, oxidative stress (OS) is one of the fundamental mechanisms of aging and the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, OS might be a candidate mechanism linking these two clinical entities. This article aims to summarize the studies on the prevalence of LUTS, the role of OS in aging and chronic diseases, and the potential mechanisms supporting the putative link. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify recent reports investigating LUTS and OS in major chronic diseases. In addition, studies on the impact of OS on the lower urinary tract, including bladder, urethra, and prostate, were collected and summarized. Many studies showed LUTS are prevalent in aging and major chronic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. At the same time, OS is a key component in the pathogenesis of those chronic diseases and conditions. Recent studies also provided evidence that exacerbated OS can cause functional and/or structural changes in the bladder, urethra, and prostate, leading to LUTS. The reviewed data support the concept that OS is involved in multiple risk factors-associated LUTS, although further studies are needed to confirm the causative relationship. The specific ROS/RNS and corresponding reactions/pathways involved in chronic diseases and associated LUTS should be identified in the future and could serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqun Xu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rania A. Elrashidy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiming Liu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Guiming Liu,
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Motolese F, Capone F, Di Lazzaro V. New tools for shaping plasticity to enhance recovery after stroke. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:299-315. [PMID: 35034743 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and its prevalence is projected to increase in the coming years in parallel with the increase of life expectancy. Despite the great improvements in the management of the acute phase of stroke, some residual disability persists in most patients thus requiring rehabilitation. One third of patients do not reach the maximal recovery potential and different approaches have been explored with the aim to boost up recovery. In this regard, noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been widely used to induce neuroplasticity phenomena. Different protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can induce short- and long-term changes of synaptic excitability and are promising tools for enhancing recovery in stroke patients. New options for neuromodulation are currently under investigation. They include: vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) that can be delivered invasively, with implanted stimulators and noninvasively with transcutaneous VNS (tVNS); and extremely low-frequency (1-300Hz) magnetic fields. This chapter will provide an overview on the new techniques that are used for neuroprotection and for enhancing recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Motolese
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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Zhang M, Wang Z, Wang C, Wu Y, Li Z, Liu Z. Visualizing Oxidative Stress Level for Timely Assessment of Ischemic Stroke via a Ratiometric Near-Infrared-II Luminescent Nanoprobe. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11940-11952. [PMID: 34165280 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) characterized with high morbidity and mortality rates is considered as one of the most dangerous brain diseases. The timely assessment of IS is crucial for making a clinical decision due to the severity of IS featured with time-dependence. Herein, we develop a highly reactive oxygen species (HROS)-responsive ratiometric near-infrared-II (NIR-II) nanoprobe based on a dye-sensitized system between IR-783 dye and lanthanide-doped nanoparticles. Once intravenously injected into the mice, the probe is rapidly accumulated at a lesion site by recognizing the activated endothelial cell or impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the ischemic area and further responds to HROS, thereby allowing in vivo imaging of the oxidative stress level. The probe is not only able to discriminate the salvageable ischemic tissue from infarcted stroke core by visualizing the enriched degree of the probe at the lesion site but also can grade the salvageable ischemic tissue by analyzing the oxidative stress level. In addition, the ischemia area was clearly delineated by NIR-II luminescence imaging after cerebral ischemia for 30 min, which is significantly earlier than with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method, thereby providing a practical tool for the timely assessing of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Babusikova E, Dobrota D, Turner AJ, Nalivaeva NN. Effect of Global Brain Ischemia on Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolism and Expression of Amyloid-Degrading Enzymes in Rat Cortex: Role in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:680-692. [PMID: 34225591 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases significantly following chronic stress and brain ischemia which, over the years, cause accumulation of toxic amyloid species and brain damage. The effects of global 15-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion on the levels of expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its processing were investigated in the brain cortex (Cx) of male Wistar rats. Additionally, the levels of expression of the amyloid-degrading enzymes neprilysin (NEP), endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), as well as of some markers of oxidative damage were assessed. It was shown that the APP mRNA and protein levels in the rat Cx were significantly increased after the ischemic insult. Protein levels of the soluble APP fragments, especially of sAPPβ produced by β-secretase, (BACE-1) and the levels of BACE-1 mRNA and protein expression itself were also increased after ischemia. The protein levels of APP and BACE-1 in the Cx returned to the control values after 120-min reperfusion. The levels of NEP and ECE-1 mRNA also decreased after ischemia, which correlated with the decreased protein levels of these enzymes. However, we have not observed any changes in the protein levels of insulin-degrading enzyme. Contents of the markers of oxidative damage (di-tyrosine and lysine conjugates with lipid peroxidation products) were also increased after ischemia. The obtained data suggest that ischemia shifts APP processing towards the amyloidogenic β-secretase pathway and accumulation of the neurotoxic Aβ peptide as well as triggers oxidative stress in the cells. These results are discussed in the context of the role of stress and ischemia in initiation and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Babusikova
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
| | - Dusan Dobrota
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
| | - Anthony J Turner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Natalia N Nalivaeva
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom. .,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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Huang L, Li X, Liu Y, Liang X, Ye H, Yang C, Hua L, Zhang X. Curcumin Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting NLRP1-dependent Neuronal Pyroptosis. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:189-196. [PMID: 34109908 DOI: 10.2174/1567202618666210607150140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is caused by a blood reperfusion injury in the ischemic brain and usually occurs in the treatment stage of ischemic disease, which can aggravate brain tissue injury. OBJECTIVE Curcumin was reported to exert a good therapeutic effect on neural cells against ischemia-reperfusion injury, while the mechanism was unclear. METHODS In this study, oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model of fetal rat cerebral cortical neurons and the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats were employed to mimic cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo,respectively. RESULTS We confirmed that curcumin has a promotive effect on neuronal proliferation and an inhibitory effect on neuronal pyroptosis. Furthermore, we found that curcumin could improve cerebral infarction. The results of western blotting showed that curcumin down-regulated the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-, leucine-rich repeats-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 1 (NLRP1), cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 1 (caspase-1), gasdermin D (GSDMD), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS proteins in OGD and MCAO models. NLRP1-dependent neuronal pyroptosis played an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION Curcumin could effectively inhibit NLRP1-dependent neuronal pyroptosis by suppressing the p38 MAPK pathway and therefore exerted neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifa Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Lin Hua
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
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Hexarelin Modulation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt Pathways in Neuro-2A Cells Inhibits Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptotic Toxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050444. [PMID: 34066741 PMCID: PMC8150489 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexarelin, a synthetic hexapeptide, exerts cyto-protective effects at the mitochondrial level in cardiac and skeletal muscles, both in vitro and in vivo, may also have important neuroprotective bioactivities. This study examined the inhibitory effects of hexarelin on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in Neuro-2A cells. Neuro-2A cells were treated for 24 h with various concentrations of H2O2 or with the combination of H2O2 and hexarelin following which cell viability and nitrite (NO2−) release were measured. Cell morphology was also documented throughout and changes arising were quantified using Image J skeleton and fractal analysis procedures. Apoptotic responses were evaluated by Real-Time PCR (caspase-3, caspase-7, Bax, and Bcl-2 mRNA levels) and Western Blot (cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-7, MAPK, and Akt). Our results indicate that hexarelin effectively antagonized H2O2-induced damage to Neuro-2A cells thereby (i) improving cell viability, (ii) reducing NO2− release and (iii) restoring normal morphologies. Hexarelin treatment also reduced mRNA levels of caspase-3 and its activation, and modulated mRNA levels of the BCL-2 family. Moreover, hexarelin inhibited MAPKs phosphorylation and increased p-Akt protein expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrate neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of hexarelin, suggesting that new analogues could be developed for their neuroprotective effects.
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Bsat S, Halaoui A, Kobeissy F, Moussalem C, El Houshiemy MN, Kawtharani S, Omeis I. Acute ischemic stroke biomarkers: a new era with diagnostic promise? Acute Med Surg 2021; 8:e696. [PMID: 34745637 PMCID: PMC8552525 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is considered as the first cause of neurological dysfunction and second cause of death worldwide. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only chemical treatment for ischemic stroke approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. It was the only standard of care for a long time with a very narrow therapeutic window, which usually ranges from 3 to 4.5 h of stroke onset; until 2015, when multiple trials demonstrated the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy during the first 6 h. In addition, recent trials showed that mechanical thrombectomy can be beneficial up to 24 h if the patients meet certain criteria including the presence of magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography perfusion mismatch, which allows better selectivity and higher recruitment of eligible stroke patients. However, magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography perfusion is not available in all stroke centers. Hence, physicians need other easy and available diagnostic tools to select stroke patients eligible for mechanical thrombectomy. Moreover, stroke management is still challenging for physicians, particularly those dealing with patients with "wake-up" stroke. The resulting brain tissue damage of ischemic stroke and the subsequent pathological processes are mediated by multiple molecular pathways that are modulated by inflammatory markers and post-transcriptional activity. A considerable number of published works suggest the role of inflammatory and cardiac brain-derived biomarkers (serum matrix metalloproteinase, thioredoxin, neuronal and glial markers, and troponin proteins) as well as different biomarkers including the emerging roles of microRNAs. In this review, we assess the accumulating evidence regarding the current status of acute ischemic stroke diagnostic biomarkers that could guide physicians for better management of stroke patients. Our review could give an insight into the roles of the different emerging markers and microRNAs that can be of high diagnostic value in patients with stroke. In fact, the field of stroke research, similar to the field of traumatic brain injury, is in immense need for novel biomarkers that can stratify diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Bsat
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Adham Halaoui
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
| | - Charbel Moussalem
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Sarah Kawtharani
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Ibrahim Omeis
- Division of NeurosurgeryDepartment of SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
- Department of NeurosurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Li G, Miao J, Sun W, Song X, Lan Y, Zhao X, Qiu X, Zhang C, Zhu Z, Zhu S. Lower Serum Uric Acid Is Associated With Post-Stroke Depression at Discharge. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:52. [PMID: 32132938 PMCID: PMC7040095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum uric acid (SUA) has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders including 3- and 6-month post-stroke depression (PSD). This study aimed to investigate whether SUA levels on admission were associated with PSD at discharge. METHODS A total of 498 stroke patients were consecutively recruited from Tongji Hospital. Clinical and laboratory test data were collected on admission. They were categorized into equal tertiles according to the distribution of SUA and the number of patients. PSD status was evaluated by DSM-V criteria and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression at discharge. RESULTS The optimal cut-off points of SUA were: (T1) 80.00~300.80 µmo1/L, (T2) 300.81~391.67 µmo1/L, (T3) 391.68~710.0 µmo1/L. A total of 232 patients (46.59%) were diagnosed as PSD at discharge. Significant differences were found between the PSD and non-PSD groups in SUA tertiles of patients (P = 0.00). After adjustment for conventional confounding factors, the odds ratios of PSD were 5.777 (95% CI = 3.463~9.637, P = 0.00) for the lowest tertile and 4.153 (95% CI = 2.492~6.921, P = 0.00) for the middle tertile of SUA, as compared with the highest tertile. In restricted cubic spline regression, continuous SUA showed linear relation with PSD risk at discharge after 300 µmol/L. CONCLUSIONS Lower SUA levels on admission were found to be associated with PSD at discharge and the threshold effect was also revealed. For stroke patients, doctors should pay attention to the baseline SUA for screening high-risk PSD at discharge in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Oraby MI, Rabie RA. Blood biomarkers for stroke: the role of thioredoxin in diagnosis and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-019-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Thioredoxin exists and released from cells during inflammation and oxidative stress and was recognized as an oxidative-stress marker.
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the role of thioredoxin as an oxidative stress biomarker in diagnosis and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke in a sample of patients recruited from Beni-Suef Governorate, north Upper Egypt.
Methods
A case control study included 100 subjects; 50 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke presented within 24 h from the onset and 50 healthy volunteers as a control. Clinical, functional, and radiological evaluation was done for the patients, and all patients and control were subjected to routine laboratory tests and assessment of serum level of thioredoxin by solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Thioredoxin was significantly higher in acute stroke patients compared to control group (p value = 0.001). Thioredoxin level was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (p value = 0.007), patients who had carotid stenosis ≥50% (p value = 0.001), patients with poor outcome (p value = 0.009), and in patients with cardio-embolic stroke (p value = 0.001).
Significant positive correlation was found between thioredoxin level and volume of infarction (r = 0.501 and p = 0.001), stroke severity at presentation (r = 0.503 and p = 0.021) and clinical outcome after 3 months (r = 0.551 and p value = 0.001).
Conclusion
Thioredoxin as a marker of oxidative stress can be used as a new diagnostic and prognostic blood biomarker for stroke.
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Calycosin-7- O- β- D-glucoside Attenuates OGD/R-Induced Damage by Preventing Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis via the SIRT1/FOXO1/PGC-1 α Pathway in HT22 Cells. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:8798069. [PMID: 31885537 PMCID: PMC6915014 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8798069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is a major pathological process that occurs after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (CG) is a representative component of isoflavones in Radix Astragali (RA). Previous studies have shown that CG has potential neuroprotective effects. However, whether CG alleviates neuronal apoptosis through antioxidant stress after ischemia-reperfusion remains unknown. To investigate the positive effects of CG on oxidative stress and apoptosis of neurons, we simulated the ischemia-reperfusion process in vitro using an immortalized hippocampal neuron cell line (HT22) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model. CG significantly improved cell viability and reduced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. In addition, CG treatment upregulated the expression of SIRT1, FOXO1, PGC-1α, and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of Bax. In summary, our findings indicate that CG alleviates OGD/R-induced damage via the SIRT1/FOXO1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Thus, CG maybe a promising therapeutic candidate for brain injury associated with ischemic stroke.
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Dal-Cim T, Poluceno GG, Lanznaster D, de Oliveira KA, Nedel CB, Tasca CI. Guanosine prevents oxidative damage and glutamate uptake impairment induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation in cortical astrocyte cultures: involvement of A 1 and A 2A adenosine receptors and PI3K, MEK, and PKC pathways. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:465-476. [PMID: 31520282 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are involved in multiple cerebral functions that profoundly influence brain tissue viability during ischemia, and astrocytes are the main source of extracellular purines as adenosine and guanosine. The endogenous guanine-based nucleoside guanosine is a neuromodulator implicated in important processes in the brain, such as modulation of glutamatergic transmission and protection against oxidative and inflammatory damage. We evaluated if the neuroprotective effect of guanosine is also observed in cultured cortical astrocytes subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation. We also assessed the involvement of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), MAPK, and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways on the guanosine effects. OGD/reoxygenation decreased cell viability and glutamate uptake and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured astrocytes. Guanosine treatment prevented these OGD-induced damaging effects. Dipropyl-cyclopentyl-xanthine (an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist) and 4-[2-[[6-amino-9-(N-ethyl-β-D-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9H-purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl] benzenepropanoic acid hydrochloride (an adenosine A2A receptor agonist) abolished guanosine-induced protective effects on ROS production, glutamate uptake, and cell viability. The PI3K pathway inhibitor 2-morpholin-4-yl-8-phenylchromen-4-one, the extracellular-signal regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor 2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone, or the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine abolished the guanosine effect of preventing OGD-induced cells viability reduction. PI3K inhibition partially prevented the guanosine effect of reducing ROS production, whereas MEK and PKC inhibitions prevented the guanosine effect of restoring glutamate uptake. The total immunocontent of the main astrocytic glutamate transporter glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) was not altered by OGD and guanosine. However, MEK and PKC inhibitions also abolished the guanosine effect of increasing cell-surface expression of GLT-1 in astrocytes subjected to OGD. Then, guanosine prevents oxidative damage and stimulates astrocytic glutamate uptake during ischemic events via adenosine A1 and A2A receptors and modulation of survival signaling pathways, contributing to microenvironment homeostasis that culminates in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharine Dal-Cim
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Poluceno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Lanznaster
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Karen A de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudia B Nedel
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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Bašić J, Despotović M, Jevtović - Stoimenov T, Cvetković T, Živanović M, Živković M, Pavlović D. THE INFLUENCE OF CAT - 262 C/T POLYMORPHISM ON CATALASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2018. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2018.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Gao J, Xu W, Han K, Zhu L, Gao L, Shang X. Changes of serum uric acid and total bilirubin in elderly patients with major postischemic stroke depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:83-93. [PMID: 29343960 PMCID: PMC5749573 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s149712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This was a longitudinal study which investigated the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and total bilirubin (Tbil) upon admission in elderly stroke patients and the occurrence of postischemic stroke depression (IPSD) at 3, 6, and 9 months of post-stroke follow-up. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Data were analyzed for 525 acute ischemic stroke patients. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores >17 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) were used separately to screen and diagnose IPSD at 3, 6, and 9 months post-stroke. Once IPSD was diagnosed, follow-up activities were terminated. RESULTS High levels of SUA (odds ratio [OR]=2.08, P<0.01) and Tbil (OR=2.31, P<0.01) in the first 3 months post-stroke and low levels of SUA (OR=2.05, P=0.03) and Tbil (OR=2.79, P<0.01) from 3 to 6 months post-stroke were identified as risk factors for major IPSD. At 3 months, patients with SUA levels ≥406.5 μmol/L (males with SUA levels of ≥409.5 μmol/L and females with SUA levels ≥385.5 μmol/L) and Tbil levels ≥23.65 μmol/L were more likely to develop major IPSD. At 6 months, both SUA (area under curve [AUC]=0.625, P=0.005, cutoff =194.0 μmol/L) and Tbil (AUC=0.681, P=0.004, cutoff =6.75 μmol/L) had minor diagnostic values (AUC<0.700), although SUA levels ≤214.5 μmol/L (AUC=0.756, P=0.001) in female patients had a good diagnostic value (AUC=0.722, P=0.006) for major IPSD. At 9 months, major IPSD showed no statistical relationship with either SUA (χ2=2.33, P=0.13) or Tbil (χ2=0.41, P=0.84). CONCLUSION Higher levels of SUA and Tbil on admission were closely related to the occurrence of major IPSD within 3 months of stroke. Lower levels of these two biomarkers on admission were characteristic for the occurrence of major IPSD between 3 and 6 months post-stroke, while 6 months after stroke, there was no relationship between major IPSD and these two biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiuli Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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The Role of Circular RNAs in Cerebral Ischemic Diseases: Ischemic Stroke and Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1087:309-325. [PMID: 30259377 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic diseases including ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury can result in serious dysfunction of the brain, which leads to extremely high mortality and disability. There are no effective therapeutics for cerebral ischemic diseases to date. Circular RNAs are a kind of newly investigated noncoding RNAs. It is reported that circular RNAs are enriched in multiple organs, especially abundant in the brain, which indicates that circular RNAs may be involved in cerebral physiological and pathological processes. In this chapter, we will firstly review the pathophysiology, underlying mechanisms, and current treatments of cerebral ischemic diseases including ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Secondly, the characteristics and function of circular RNAs will be outlined, and then we are going to introduce the roles circular RNAs play in human diseases. Finally, we will summarize the function of circular RNAs in cerebral ischemic diseases.
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Oxidative Stress Markers and Their Dynamic Changes in Patients after Acute Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9761697. [PMID: 27774120 PMCID: PMC5059617 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9761697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have focused on determining the range of oxidative stress biomarkers and their dynamic changes in patients at different time points after the acute ischemic stroke (AIS). 82 patients with AIS were involved in our study and were tested: within 24 h from the onset of the attack (group A); at 7-day follow-up (group B); and at 3-month follow-up (group C). 81 gender and age matched volunteers were used as controls. Stroke patients in group A had significantly higher concentrations of plasma lipid peroxides and urine 8-isoprostanes when compared with controls. Protein carbonyls were not significantly different in any experimental group compared to controls. Antioxidant capacity of plasma was increased only in experimental group C. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were elevated in all three experimental AIS groups compared to controls. Paraoxonase activity was reduced in groups A and B and unchanged in group C when compared to controls. Glutathione peroxide activity was elevated only in group A. Our results suggest that free radical damage is the highest within 24 h after the attack. During the next 3 months oxidative damage to lipids caused by free radicals is reduced due to activated antioxidant system.
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Thomaz DT, Dal-Cim TA, Martins WC, Cunha MP, Lanznaster D, de Bem AF, Tasca CI. Guanosine prevents nitroxidative stress and recovers mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in hippocampal slices subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:707-718. [PMID: 27613537 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine, the endogenous guanine nucleoside, prevents cellular death induced by ischemic events and is a promising neuroprotective agent. During an ischemic event, nitric oxide has been reported to either cause or prevent cell death. Our aim was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of guanosine against oxidative damage in hippocampal slices subjected to an in vitro ischemia model, the oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) protocol. We also assessed the participation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes activity on the neuroprotection promoted by guanosine. Here, we showed that guanosine prevented the increase in ROS, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite production induced by OGD. Moreover, guanosine prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in hippocampal slices subjected to OGD. Guanosine did not present an antioxidant effect per se. The protective effects of guanosine were mimicked by inhibition of neuronal NOS, but not of inducible NOS. The neuroprotective effect of guanosine may involve activation of cellular mechanisms that prevent the increase in nitric oxide production, possibly via neuronal NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Thomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tharine A Dal-Cim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wagner C Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maurício Peña Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Lanznaster
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, UFSC, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, UFSC, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Cao G, Ye X, Xu Y, Yin M, Chen H, Kou J, Yu B. YiQiFuMai powder injection ameliorates blood-brain barrier dysfunction and brain edema after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:315-25. [PMID: 26834461 PMCID: PMC4716731 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s96818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
YiQiFuMai powder injection (YQFM) is a modern preparation derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Sheng-Mai-San. YQFM is widely used in clinical practice in the People’s Republic of China, mainly for the treatment of microcirculatory disturbance-related diseases. However, little is known about its role in animals with ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of YQFM on brain edema and blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction induced by cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hour with a subsequent 24-hour reperfusion to produce I/R injury. YQFM (three doses: 0.336, 0.671, and 1.342 g/kg) was then given intraperitoneally (IP). The results demonstrated that YQFM significantly decreased infarct size, improved neurological deficits, reduced brain water content, and increased cerebral blood flow after I/R injury. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose micro-positron emission tomography imaging and hematoxylin and eosin staining results indicated that YQFM is able to ameliorate brain metabolism and histopathological damage after I/R. Moreover, YQFM administration reduced BBB leakage and upregulated the expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, which was confirmed by Evans Blue extravasation, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assay. Our findings suggest that YQFM provides protection against focal cerebral I/R injury in mice, possibly by improving BBB dysfunction via upregulation of the expression of tight junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqiong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Farías JG, Herrera EA, Carrasco-Pozo C, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Cruz G, Morales P, Castillo RL. Pharmacological models and approaches for pathophysiological conditions associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:1-23. [PMID: 26617218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the failure of oxygenation at the tissue level, where the reduced oxygen delivered is not enough to satisfy tissue demands. Metabolic depression is the physiological adaptation associated with reduced oxygen consumption, which evidently does not cause any harm to organs that are exposed to acute and short hypoxic insults. Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of endogenous antioxidant systems to scavenge ROS, where ROS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases related to hypoxia during intrauterine development and postnatal life. Thus, excessive ROS are implicated in the irreversible damage to cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Here, we describe several pathophysiological conditions and in vivo and ex vivo models developed for the study of hypoxic and oxidative stress injury. We reviewed existing literature on the responses to hypoxia and oxidative stress of the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, and central nervous systems, and discussed paradigms of chronic and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. This systematic review is a critical analysis of the advantages in the application of some experimental strategies and their contributions leading to novel pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Farías
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral (CNPC), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo L Castillo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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Ljubisavljevic S, Cvetkovic T, Zvezdanovic L, Stojanovic S, Stojanovic I, Kocic G, Zivkovic M, Paunovic L, Milenkovic L, Lukic D, Stamenovic J, Pavlovic D. The Differences in the Cellular and Plasma Antioxidative Capacity Between Transient and Defined Focal Brain Ischemia: Does it Suggest Supporting Time-Dependent Neuroprotection Therapy? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:789-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Paspalj D, Nikic P, Savic M, Djuric D, Simanic I, Zivkovic V, Jeremic N, Srejovic I, Jakovljevic V. Redox status in acute ischemic stroke: correlation with clinical outcome. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 406:75-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Qi AQ, Li Y, Liu Q, Si JZ, Tang XM, Zhang ZQ, Qi QD, Chen WB. Thioredoxin is a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with ischemic stroke. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 80:129-35. [PMID: 25555670 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Serum thioredoxin (TRX), a redox-regulating protein with antioxidant activity, was recognized as an oxidative-stress marker. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential diagnostic and prognostic role of TRX in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). From January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013, all patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were recruited to participate in the study. Serum levels of TRX were assayed with solid-phase sandwich ELISA, and severity of stroke was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. Short-term functional outcome was measured by a modified Rankin scale (mRS) 3 months after admission. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. We found the serum TRX reflected the disease severity of AIS. There was a significant positive association between serum TRX levels and NIHSS scores (r= 0.476, P<0.0001). Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value of serum TRX levels as an indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of AIS was projected to be 11.0 ng/ml, which yielded a sensitivity of 80.3% and a specificity of 73.7%, with the area under the curve at 0.807 (95% CI, 0.766-0.847). Elevated TRX (≥ 20.0 ng/ml) was an independent prognostic marker of short-term functional outcome [odds ratio (OR) 9.482 (95% CI, 3.11-8.15) P<0.0001; adjusted for NIHSS, other predictors and vascular risk factors] in patients with AIS. TRX improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the NHISS score for functional outcome from 0.722 (95% CI, 0.662-0.782) to 0.905 (95% CI, 0.828-0.962; P<0.0001). Our study demonstrated that elevated serum TRX level at admission was a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-qin Qi
- Department of Neurology, The People׳s Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The People׳s Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The People׳s Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Zeng Si
- Department of Neurology, The People׳s Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Haidian Hospital (Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100080, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-De Qi
- Department of Neurology, The People׳s Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Bi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People׳s Republic of China.
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Wu MH, Song FY, Wei LP, Meng ZY, Zhang ZQ, Qi QD. Serum Levels of Thioredoxin Are Associated with Stroke Risk, Severity, and Lesion Volumes. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:677-685. [PMID: 25520003 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress increases serum thioredoxin (TRX), a redox-regulating protein with antioxidant activity recognized as an oxidative stress marker. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of serum TRX levels in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). From January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013, all patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were recruited to participate in the study. Serum levels of TRX were assayed with solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the severity of stroke was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. The results indicated that the median serum TRX levels were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in stroke patients as compared to normal cases [15.03 ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR), 10.21-32.42) and 8.95 ng/mL (6.79-11.05), respectively]. We found the serum TRX reflected the disease severity of AIS. There was a significant positive association between serum TRX levels and NIHSS scores (r = 0.476, P < 0.0001). After adjusting for all other possible covariates, TRX remained as an independent marker of AIS with an adjusted OR of 1.245 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.164-1.352; P < 0.0001). Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff value of serum TRX levels as an indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of AIS was projected to be 11.0 ng/mL, which yielded a sensitivity of 80.3 % and a specificity of 73.7 %, with the area under the curve at 0.807 (95 % CI, 0.766-0.847). Further, in our study, we found that an increased risk of AIS was associated with serum TRX levels ≥11.0 ng/mL (adjusted OR 6.99; 95 % CI, 2.87-12.87) after adjusting for possible confounders. Our study demonstrated that serum TRX levels at admission were associated with stroke severity and lesion volumes. Elevated levels could be considered as a novel, independent diagnosis marker of AIS in a Chinese sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hai Wu
- Department of Neurology, Laiwu People's Hospital, No. 1, Xuehudajie, Changshao North Road, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang-Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, Laiwu People's Hospital, No. 1, Xuehudajie, Changshao North Road, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laiwu People's Hospital, No. 1, Xuehudajie, Changshao North Road, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhao-Yun Meng
- Special Procurement Ward, Laiwu People's Hospital, No. 1, Xuehudajie, Changshao North Road, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, No. 1, Xuehudajie, Changshao North Road, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Qin-De Qi
- Department of Neurology, Laiwu People's Hospital, No. 1, Xuehudajie, Changshao North Road, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong Province, China.
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Song J, Kang SM, Lee WT, Park KA, Lee KM, Lee JE. Glutathione protects brain endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress by increasing nrf2 expression. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:93-103. [PMID: 24737944 PMCID: PMC3984961 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) protects cells against oxidative stress by playing an antioxidant role. Protecting brain endothelial cells under oxidative stress is key to treating cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. In present study, we investigated the protective effect of GSH on brain endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We showed that GSH attenuates H2O2-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidized form of deoxiguanosine. GSH also prevents H2O2-induced reduction of tight junction proteins. Finally, GSH increases the level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activates Nrf2-mediated signaling pathways. Thus, GSH is a promising target to protect brain endothelial cells in conditions of brain injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
| | - So Mang Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea. ; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea. ; BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-572, Korea
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The potential therapeutic effect of guanosine after cortical focal ischemia in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90693. [PMID: 24587409 PMCID: PMC3938812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke is a devastating disease. Both excitotoxicity and oxidative stress play important roles in ischemic brain injury, along with harmful impacts on ischemic cerebral tissue. As guanosine plays an important neuroprotective role in the central nervous system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of guanosine and putative cerebral events following the onset of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by thermocoagulation. Guanosine was administered immediately, 1 h, 3 h and 6 h after surgery. Behavioral performance was evaluated by cylinder testing for a period of 15 days after surgery. Brain oxidative stress parameters, including levels of ROS/RNS, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant non-enzymatic levels (GSH, vitamin C) and enzymatic parameters (SOD expression and activity and CAT activity), as well as glutamatergic parameters (EAAC1, GLAST and GLT1, glutamine synthetase) were analyzed. RESULTS After 24 h, ischemic injury resulted in impaired function of the forelimb, caused brain infarct and increased lipid peroxidation. Treatment with guanosine restored these parameters. Oxidative stress markers were affected by ischemic insult, demonstrated by increased ROS/RNS levels, increased SOD expression with reduced SOD activity and decreased non-enzymatic (GSH and vitamin C) antioxidant defenses. Guanosine prevented increased ROS/RNS levels, decreased SOD activity, further increased SOD expression, increased CAT activity and restored vitamin C levels. Ischemia also affected glutamatergic parameters, illustrated by increased EAAC1 levels and decreased GLT1 levels; guanosine reversed the decreased GLT1 levels and did not affect the EAAC1 levels. CONCLUSION The effects of brain ischemia were strongly attenuated by guanosine administration. The cellular mechanisms involved in redox and glutamatergic homeostasis, which were both affected by the ischemic insult, were also modulated by guanosine. These observations reveal that guanosine may represent a potential therapeutic agent in cerebral ischemia by preventing oxidative stress and excitotoxicity.
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Zhai X, Chen X, Shi J, Shi D, Ye Z, Liu W, Li M, Wang Q, Kang Z, Bi H, Sun X. Lactulose ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inducing hydrogen by activating Nrf2 expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:731-741. [PMID: 23954468 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen has been proven effective in ameliorating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by selectively neutralizing reactive oxygen species. Lactulose can produce a considerable amount of hydrogen through fermentation by the bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. To determine the neuroprotective effects of lactulose against cerebral I/R injury in rats and explore the probable mechanisms, we carried out this study. The stroke model was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion. Intragastric administration of lactulose substantially increased breath hydrogen concentration. Behavioral and histopathological verifications matched biochemical findings. Behaviorally, rats in the lactulose administration group won higher neurological scores and showed shorter escape latency time in the Morris test. Morphologically, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride showed smaller infarction volume; Nissl staining manifested relatively clear and intact neurons and TUNEL staining showed fewer apoptotic neurons. Biochemically, lactulose decreased brain malondialdehyde content, caspase-3 activity, and 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentration and increased superoxide dismutase activity. The effects of lactulose were superior to those of edaravone. Lactulose orally administered activated the expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the brain as verified by RT-PCR and Western blot. The antibiotics suppressed the neuroprotective effects of lactulose by reducing hydrogen production. Our study for the first time demonstrates a novel therapeutic effect of lactulose on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and the probable underlying mechanisms. Lactulose intragastrically administered possessed neuroprotective effects on cerebral I/R injury in rats, which could be attributed to hydrogen production by the fermentation of lactulose through intestinal bacteria and Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhai
- Graduate Management Unit, Changhai Hospital affiliated with the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Graduate Management Unit, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Graduate Management Unit, Changhai Hospital affiliated with the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Graduate Management Unit, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazi Shi
- Graduate Management Unit, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Shi
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouheng Ye
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital affiliated with the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital affiliated with the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Kang
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongda Bi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital affiliated with the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Monteiro MB, Patente TA, Mohammedi K, Queiroz MS, Azevedo MJ, Canani LH, Parisi MC, Marre M, Velho G, Corrêa-Giannella ML. Sex-specific associations of variants in regulatory regions of NADPH oxidase-2 (CYBB) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) genes with kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:804-10. [PMID: 23919599 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.828347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. The superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase 2 (NOX2, encoded by the CYBB gene) and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) play opposing roles in the balance of cellular redox status. In the present study, we investigated associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory regions of CYBB and GPX4 with kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Two functional SNPs, rs6610650 (CYBB promoter region, chromosome X) and rs713041 (GPX4 3'untranslated region, chromosome 19), were genotyped in 451 patients with type 1 diabetes from a Brazilian cohort (diabetic nephropathy: 44.6%) and in 945 French/Belgian patients with type 1 diabetes from Genesis and GENEDIAB cohorts (diabetic nephropathy: 62.3%). The minor A-allele of CYBB rs6610650 was associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in Brazilian women, and with the prevalence of established/advanced nephropathy in French/Belgian women (odds ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.11-2.78, p = 0.016). The minor T-allele of GPX4 rs713041 was inversely associated with the prevalence of established/advanced nephropathy in Brazilian men (odds ratio 0.30, 95% CI 0.13-0.68, p = 0.004), and associated with higher eGFR in French/Belgian men. In conclusion, these heterogeneous results suggest that neither CYBB nor GPX4 are major genetic determinants of diabetic nephropathy, but nevertheless, they could modulate in a gender-specific manner the risk for renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Monteiro
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM-25), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo-SP , Brazil
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Dynamics of oxidative stress and urinary excretion of melatonin and its metabolites during acute ischemic stroke. Neurosci Lett 2013; 544:1-4. [PMID: 23562888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a leading cause of neuronal damage in ischemic stroke. Melatonin may play a role in the antioxidant response. Melatonin and its metabolites may be involved in the modulation of oxidative stress in human acute stroke. No data are available in humans to establish this relationship. In this context, on the first and the fifth days post-stroke, we assessed serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and urine levels of melatonin, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6S), and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK), the last compound being produced in the brain after reaction of melatonin with reactive oxygen species. Compared to controls' values, TAC and levels of melatonin and aMT6S were reduced, without difference between the first and the fifth days post-stroke, whereas AFMK levels remained in the normal range at both time points. Melatonin catabolism might be speeded up in acute ischemic stroke in order to increase the antioxidant response.
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Feng C, Luo T, Qi L, Wang B, Luo Y, Ge P. Ischemic postconditioning alleviates neuronal injury caused by relief of carotid stenosis in a rat model of cerebral hypoperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202956 PMCID: PMC3497330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of early relief of heavy bilateral carotid stenosis and ischemic postconditioning on hippocampus CA1 neurons are still unclear. In this study, we used a rat model to imitate severe bilateral carotid stenosis in humans. The rats were divided into sham group, carotid stenosis group, stenosis relief group and ischemic postconditioning group. Ischemic postconditioning consisted of three cycles of 30 s ischemia and 30 s reperfusion. The cerebral blood flow was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter. Neuronal death in the CA1 region was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the number of live neurons was assessed by cell counting under a light microscope. The levels of oxidative products MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α, inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α, and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes SOD and CAT were assayed by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, respectively. We found that relief of carotid stenosis and ischemic postconditioning could increase cerebral blood flow. When stenosis was relieved, the percentage of live neurons was 66.6% ± 6.2% on day 3 and 62.3% ± 9.8% on day 27, which was significantly higher than 55.5% ± 4.8% in stenosis group. Ischemic postconditioning markedly improved the live neurons to 92.5% ± 6.7% on day 3 and 88.6% ± 9.1% on day 27. Further study showed that, neuronal death caused by relief of stenosis is associated with increased oxidative stress and enhanced inflammatory response, and the protection of ischemic postconditioning is related to inhibition of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Tianfei Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Li Qi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin 541001, China; E-Mail:
| | - Boyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yinan Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (B.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Pengfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; E-Mails: (B.W.); (Y.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-431-8878-2264; Fax: +86-431-8878-2466
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Li J, Dong Y, Chen H, Han H, Yu Y, Wang G, Zeng Y, Xie K. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Brain Res 2012; 1486:103-11. [PMID: 23010312 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen gas (H(2)) as a new medical gas exerts organ-protective effects through regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. In contrast to H(2), hydrogen-rich saline (HS) may be more suitable for clinical application. The present study was designed to investigate whether HS can offer a neuroprotective effect in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia and what mechanism(s) underlies the effect. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to permanent focal cerebral ischemia induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Different doses of HS or normal saline were intraperitoneally administered at 5min after pMCAO or sham operation followed by injections at 6h, 12h and 24h. Here, we found that HS treatment significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurobehavioral outcomes at 24h, 48h and 72h after pMCAO operation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Moreover, we found that HS treatment dose-dependently increased the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) as well as decreased the levels of oxidative products (8-iso-PGF2α and MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and HMGB1) in injured ipsilateral brain tissues at 6h, 12h and 24h after pMCAO operation (P<0.05). Thus, hydrogen-rich saline dose-dependently exerts a neuroprotective effect against permanent focal cerebral ischemia, and its beneficial effect is at least partially mediated by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Molecular hydrogen may be an effective therapeutic strategy for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Department of Neurology, No. 323 Hospital of PLA, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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Polonikov A, Vialykh E, Vasil’eva O, Bulgakova I, Bushueva O, Illig T, Solodilova M. Genetic Variation in Glutathione S-Transferase Genes and Risk of Nonfatal Cerebral Stroke in Patients Suffering from Essential Hypertension. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 47:511-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
The current radiation safety paradigm using the linear no-threshold (LNT) model is based on the premise that even the smallest amount of radiation may cause mutations increasing the risk of cancer. Autopsy studies have shown that the presence of cancer cells is not a decisive factor in the occurrence of clinical cancer. On the other hand, suppression of immune system more than doubles the cancer risk in organ transplant patients, indicating its key role in keeping occult cancers in check. Low dose radiation (LDR) elevates immune response, and so it may reduce rather than increase the risk of cancer. LNT model pays exclusive attention to DNA damage, which is not a decisive factor, and completely ignores immune system response, which is an important factor, and so is not scientifically justifiable. By not recognizing the importance of the immune system in cancer, and not exploring exercise intervention, the current paradigm may have missed an opportunity to reduce cancer deaths among atomic bomb survivors. Increased antioxidants from LDR may reduce aging-related non-cancer diseases since oxidative damage is implicated in these. A paradigm shift is warranted to reduce further casualties, reduce fear of LDR, and enable investigation of potential beneficial applications of LDR.
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Chen X, Zhai X, Kang Z, Sun X. Lactulose: an effective preventive and therapeutic option for ischemic stroke by production of hydrogen. Med Gas Res 2012; 2:3. [PMID: 22309834 PMCID: PMC3298790 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactulose, a synthetic sugar not able to be digested and absorbed by human beings, is widely used to treat constipation and hepatic encephalopathy clinically. Through fermentation by the bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, lactulose can produce considerable amount of hydrogen, which is protective for ischemic stroke as a unique antioxidant. We propose that lactulose can induce the production of endogenous hydrogen that in turn reduces oxidative stress and ameliorate the stroke damage in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Nitric oxide plasma concentration associated with cognitive impairment in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2012; 510:127-31. [PMID: 22273980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Depressive disorders are multifactorial diseases, in which cognitive impairment is one of the characteristic feature. One of the molecules that regulate of various cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes is nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from l-arginine by a family of isoformic enzymes known as nitric oxide synthases (NOS). NO is a gaseous compounds that acts as a biological second messenger in a number of organ system. In addition, NO is a ubiquitous free radical (NO) that affects many normal physiologic functions but is also implicated in the etiology and progression of many diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of NO in patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and to define relationship between plasma NO levels and the cognitive performance. METHODS The study comprised 78 subjects: patients with rDD (n=45), healthy controls (CG, n=33). Cognitive function assessment was based on: TMT, The Stroop Test, VFT, AVLT. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found among patients with rDD in the intensity of depression symptoms, measured by the HDRS on therapy onset vs. the examination results after 8 weeks of treatment (p<0.001). The level of NO was substantially higher in patients with rDD compared to CG. For all examined subjects (p<0.001), elevated levels of NO in blood plasma adversely affect the efficiency of visual-spatial and auditory-verbal working memory as well as short-term declarative memory. For rDD patients, elevated NO levels were associated with worse cognitive test performance. The higher was the concentration of plasma NO, the greater was the severity of depressive symptoms measured by HDRS (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS (1) Higher concentration of plasma NO in rDD patients is associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. (2) Elevated levels of plasma NO are related to impairment of visual-spatial and auditory-verbal working memory as well as to impairment of short-term declarative memory.
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Varyani N, Tripathi S, Thukral A, Mishra M, Garg S, Tripathi K, Dwivedi AND. Correlation of Serum Endothelial Dysfunction Markers with CT Angiographic Findings in Ischemic Stroke. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang H, Liu B, Wu Z, Zhao W, Wang Z. Exogenous melatonin modulates apoptosis in the mouse brain induced by high-LET carbon ion irradiation. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:47-56. [PMID: 21812816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether melatonin, a free radical scavenger and a general antioxidant, regulates the brain cell apoptosis caused by carbon ions in mice at the level of signal transduction pathway. Young Kun-Ming mice were divided into five groups: control group, irradiation group and three melatonin (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days i.p.) plus irradiation-treated groups. An acute study was carried out to determine oxidative status, apoptotic cells, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) as well as pro- and anti-apoptotic protein levels in a mouse brain 12 hr after irradiation with a single dose of 4 Gy. In irradiated mice, a significant rise in oxidative stress and apoptosis (TUNEL positive) was accompanied by activated expression of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3, and decreased ΔΨm level. Melatonin supplementation was better able to reduce irradiation-induced oxidative damage marked by carbonyl or malondialdehyde content, and stimulate the antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) together with total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, administration with melatonin pronouncedly elevated the expression of Nrf2 which regulates redox balance and stress. Furthermore, melatonin treatment mitigated apoptotic rate, maintained ΔΨm, diminished cytochrome c release from mitochondria, down-regulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 levels, and consequently inhibited the important steps of irradiation-induced activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Thus, we propose that the anti-apoptotic action with the alterations in apoptosis regulator provided by melatonin may be responsible at least in part for its antioxidant effect by the abolishing of carbon ion-induced oxidative stress along with increasing Nrf2 expression and antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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38
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Polonikov AV, Vialykh EK, Churnosov MI, Illig T, Freidin MB, Vasil'eva OV, Bushueva OY, Ryzhaeva VN, Bulgakova IV, Solodilova MA. The C718T polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of glutathione peroxidase-4 gene is a predictor of cerebral stroke in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 2011; 35:507-12. [PMID: 22158110 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we have investigated the association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) genes GPX1 rs1050450 (P198L), GPX3 rs2070593 (G930A) and GPX4 rs713041 (T718C) with the risk of cerebral stroke (CS) in patients with essential hypertension (EH). A total of 667 unrelated EH patients of Russian origin, including 306 hypertensives (the EH-CS group) who suffered from CS and 361 people (the EH-CS group) who did not have cerebrovascular accidents, were enrolled in the study. The variant allele 718C of the GPX4 gene was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of CS in hypertensive patients (odds ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-1.90, P(adj) = 0.0003). The prevalence of the 718TC and 718CC genotypes of the GPX4 gene was higher in the EH-CS group than the EH-alone group (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.42-3.16, P(adj) = 0.0018). The association of the variant GPX4 genotypes with the increased risk of CS in hypertensives remained statistically significant after adjusting for confounding variables such as sex, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and antihypertensive medication use (OR = 2.18, 95%CI 1.46-3.27, P = 0.0015). Multiple logistic regression analysis did not reveal any interaction between various combinations of GPX1, GPX3 and GPX4 genotypes regarding the risk of CS in patients with EH. The study demonstrated for the first time that the C718T polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of the GPX4 gene could be considered as a genetic marker of susceptibility to CS in patients with EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation.
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