1
|
Capece U, Moffa S, Improta I, Di Giuseppe G, Nista EC, Cefalo CMA, Cinti F, Pontecorvi A, Gasbarrini A, Giaccari A, Mezza T. Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Glucose Metabolism: A Comprehensive Update on Biochemical and Therapeutic Features. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010018. [PMID: 36615676 PMCID: PMC9824456 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound with antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties which has effects on the regulation of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. ALA is widely prescribed in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy due to its positive effects on nerve conduction and alleviation of symptoms. It is, moreover, also prescribed in other insulin resistance conditions such as metabolic syndrome (SM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity. However, several cases of Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (IAS) have been reported in subjects taking ALA. The aim of the present review is to describe the main chemical and biological functions of ALA in glucose metabolism, focusing on its antioxidant activity, its role in modulating insulin sensitivity and secretion and in symptomatic peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy. We also provide a potential explanation for increased risk for the development of IAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capece
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Improta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Celestino Nista
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara M. A. Cefalo
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El Midaoui A, Fantus IG, Ait Boughrous A, Couture R. Beneficial Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Hypertension, Visceral Obesity, UCP-1 Expression and Oxidative Stress in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120648. [PMID: 31888243 PMCID: PMC6943617 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of metabolic syndrome. This study aims to investigate whether α-lipoic acid (LA), a potent antioxidant, could exert beneficial outcomes in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male 6-week-old ZDF rats and their lean counterparts (ZL) were fed for six weeks with a standard diet or a chow diet supplemented with LA (1 g/kg feed). At 12 weeks of age, ZDF rats exhibited an increase in systolic blood pressure, epididymal fat weight per body weight, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance (HOMA index), adipocyte hypertrophy and a rise in basal superoxide anion (O2•−) production in gastrocnemius muscle and a downregulation of epididymal uncoupled protein-1 (UCP-1) protein staining. Treatment with LA prevented the development of hypertension, the rise in whole body weight and O2•− production in gastrocnemius muscle, but failed to affect insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in ZDF rats. LA treatment resulted in a noticeable increase of pancreatic weight and a further adipocyte hypertrophy, along with a decrease in epididymal fat weight per body weight ratio associated with an upregulation of epididymal UCP-1 protein staining in ZDF rats. These findings suggest that LA was efficacious in preventing the development of hypertension, which could be related to its antioxidant properties. The anti-visceral obesity effect of LA appears to be mediated by its antioxidant properties and the induction of UCP-1 protein at the adipose tissue level in ZDF rats. Disorders of glucose metabolism appear, however, to be mediated by other unrelated mechanisms in this model of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Research Team “Biology, Environment and Health”, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-343-6111 (ext. 3320)
| | - I. George Fantus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A3J1, Canada;
| | - Ali Ait Boughrous
- Research Team “Biology, Environment and Health”, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco;
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Protective effect of α–lipoic acid against spleen toxicity of dimethylnitrosamine in male mice: Antioxidant and ultrastructure approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:459-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
4
|
Kaur S, Kumar M, Kaur P, Kaur V, Kaur S. Modulatory effects of Cassia fistula fruits against free radicals and genotoxicity of mutagens. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:220-231. [PMID: 27984161 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cassia fistula L. (Fabaceae) fruits are highly recommended in folklore medicine for curing various ailments. In the current study, methanol (CaFM), hexane (CaFH), chloroform (CaFCl), ethyl acetate (CaFE), butanol (CaFB) and aqueous (CaFA) fractions of C. fistula fruits were investigated for their potential to inhibit the genotoxicity of mutagens and free radicals. The antimutagenicity of fractions was evaluated against the reactive carcinogenic ester generating mutagen, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) and frame-shift mutation inducing mutagen, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) in Ames Salmonella typhimurium TA98 tester strain. Among the fractions, CaFE showed strongest protective effect against the mutagenicity of both S9-dependent and direct-acting mutagen with an inhibitory percentage of 81% and 64% at the concentration of 1 × 103 and 2.5 × 103 respectively. All the fractions were analyzed for free radical scavenging activity using DPPH, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion assays. CaFE fraction showed maximum antioxidant activity in comparison to other fractions with an IC50 of 97.01, 172.36, 144 and 264.79 μg/ml respectively. High performance liquid chromatography showed the presence of catechin, epicatechin and umbelliferone in appreciable amount which may account for its efficacy in combating free radicals and also showed protective effect against the mutagenicity of S9-dependent mutagen, 2-AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Paramjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Influence of α-Lipoic Acid and Garlic Administration on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rabbits Exposed to Oxidized Nutrition Oils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:827879. [PMID: 26634212 PMCID: PMC4655041 DOI: 10.1155/2015/827879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that addition of substances with antioxidant activity could decrease the concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory process, thus inhibiting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development. We investigated the influence of α-lipoic acid (ALA) and garlic administration on the development of adverse changes in rabbit liver and serum under oxidative stress conditions induced with HFD from oxidized oils. We determined 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates, total oxidant status (TOS), lipid peroxides (LOO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in blood serum, and TNFα and IL-1α genes expression in liver. The results indicate that the intake of dietary ALA and garlic was significantly associated with decreases of 8OHdG and MDA levels in rabbits' liver tissue as well as TOS and LOO levels in rabbits' serum. Similarly, TNFα and IL-1α gene expressions were suppressed due to ALA and garlic supplementation. The histopathological analysis confirmed that HFD results in liver disorder leading to steatosis. This adverse effect of HFD was ameliorated by the supplementation of ALA and garlic. The obtained results indicate a beneficial effect of ALA and garlic administration by reducing the oxidative stress intensity and the levels of some proinflammatory cytokines in rabbits fed HFD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mirtaheri E, Pourghassem Gargari B, Kolahi S, Dehghan P, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Hajalilou M, Shakiba Novin Z, Mesgari Abbasi M. Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34:310-7. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.910740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
7
|
Antimutagenic compounds and their possible mechanisms of action. J Appl Genet 2014; 55:273-85. [PMID: 24615570 PMCID: PMC3990861 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenicity refers to the induction of permanent changes in the DNA sequence of an organism, which may result in a heritable change in the characteristics of living systems. Antimutagenic agents are able to counteract the effects of mutagens. This group of agents includes both natural and synthetic compounds. Based on their mechanism of action among antimutagens, several classes of compounds may be distinguished. These are compounds with antioxidant activity; compounds that inhibit the activation of mutagens; blocking agents; as well as compounds characterized with several modes of action. It was reported previously that several antitumor compounds act through the antimutagenic mechanism. Hence, searching for antimutagenic compounds represents a rapidly expanding field of cancer research. It may be observed that, in recent years, many publications were focused on the screening of both natural and synthetic compounds for their beneficial muta/antimutagenicity profile. Thus, the present review attempts to give a brief outline on substances presenting antimutagenic potency and their possible mechanism of action. Additionally, in the present paper, a screening strategy for mutagenicity testing was presented and the characteristics of the most widely used antimutagenicity assays were described.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiang X, An W, Jiang C, Zhao J, Wang X, Sun G, Li Y, Zhang W. Lipopolysaccharide inhibits the expression of resistin in adipocytes. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:287-99. [PMID: 23969982 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Resistin is an adipocytokine leading to insulin resistance. Endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to decrease the expression of resistin mRNA and protein in both lean and db/db obese mice, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Several models such as ex vivo culture of adipose tissues, primary rat adipocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to further characterize the effect of LPS on the expression of resistin. LPS attenuated both the resistin mRNA and protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In the presence of actinomycin D, LPS failed to reduce the half-life of resistin mRNA, suggesting a transcriptional mechanism. The lipid A fraction is crucial for the inhibition of resistin expression induced by LPS. Pharmacological intervention of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) reversed the inhibitory effect of LPS. LPS down-regulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBP-α; CEBPA) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ; PPARG), while activation of C/EBP-α or PPAR-γ by either over-expressing these transcriptional factors or by rosiglitazone, an agonist of PPAR-γ, blocked the inhibitory effect of LPS on resistin. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP-10; DDIT3) was up-regulated by LPS, while a CHOP-10 antisense oligonucleotide reversed the decrement of resistin protein induced by LPS. Taken together, these results suggest that LPS inhibits resistin expression through a unique signaling pathway involving toll-like receptor 4, JNK, CHOP-10 and C/EBP-α/PPAR-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo 255000, China Division of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trivedi P, Jena G. Role of α-lipoic acid in dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice: Studies on inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage and fibrosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:339-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
10
|
Lucas K, Maes M. Role of the Toll Like receptor (TLR) radical cycle in chronic inflammation: possible treatments targeting the TLR4 pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:190-204. [PMID: 23436141 PMCID: PMC7091222 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex, a receptor of the innate immune system, may underpin the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including asthma, cardiovascular disorder, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, clinical depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, alcohol abuse, and toluene inhalation. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that recognize damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria. Here we focus on the environmental factors, which are known to trigger TLR4, e.g., ozone, atmosphere particulate matter, long-lived reactive oxygen intermediate, pentachlorophenol, ionizing radiation, and toluene. Activation of the TLR4 pathways may cause chronic inflammation and increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative and nitrosative stress and therefore TLR-related diseases. This implies that drugs or substances that modify these pathways may prevent or improve the abovementioned diseases. Here we review some of the most promising drugs and agents that have the potential to attenuate TLR-mediated inflammation, e.g., anti-LPS strategies that aim to neutralize LPS (synthetic anti-LPS peptides and recombinant factor C) and TLR4/MyD88 antagonists, including eritoran, CyP, EM-163, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 6-shogaol, cinnamon extract, N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, and molecular hydrogen. The authors posit that activation of the TLR radical (ROS/RNS) cycle is a common pathway underpinning many "civilization" disorders and that targeting the TLR radical cycle may be an effective method to treat many inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lucas
- Sportzenkoppel 54, 22359, Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effects of lipoic acid on spleen oxidative stress after LPS administration. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)70976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
12
|
Kapoor S. Hepato-protective effects of alpha lipoic acid besides its role in preventing fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2013; 33:162-3. [PMID: 23151269 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|
13
|
Antigenotoxic effect of lipoic acid against mitomycin-C in human lymphocyte cultures. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:553-65. [PMID: 23132681 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor agents are used in therapy against many forms of human cancer. One of these is mitomycin-C (MMC). As with many agents, it can interact with biological molecules and can induce genetic hazards in non-tumor cells. One of the possible approaches to protect DNA from this damage is to supply antioxidants that can remove free radicals produced by antitumor agents. Lipoic acid (LA) is known as one of the most powerful antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate antigenotoxic effects of LA against MMC induced chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) formation in human lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were treated with 0.2 μg MMC/heparinized mL for 48 h. Three different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 μg/mL) of LA were used together with MMC in three different applications; 1 h pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment and 1 h post-treatment. A negative, a positive and a solvent control were also included. In all the cultures treated with MMC + LA, the frequency of abnormal cells and CA/cell significantly decreased compared to MMC. Statistically significant reduction was also observed in SCE/cell and MN frequencies in all treatments. These results demonstrated anticlastogenic and antimutagenic effects of LA against MMC induced genotoxicity. LA showed the most efficient effect during 1 h pretreatment. On the other hand, MMC + LA treatments induced significant reduction in mitotic index than that of MMC treatment alone. These results are encouraging that LA can be a possible chemopreventive agent in tumorigenesis in both cancer patients and in health care persons handling anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Leclercq IA. Pro-oxidants or anti-oxidant defenses? Which one to blame in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:1651-3. [PMID: 23106368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|