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Posch BC, Zhai D, Coast O, Scafaro AP, Bramley H, Reich P, Ruan YL, Trethowan R, Way DA, Atkin O. Wheat respiratory O2 consumption falls with night warming alongside greater respiratory CO2 loss and reduced biomass. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:915-926. [PMID: 34652413 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Warming nights are correlated with declining wheat growth and yield. As a key determinant of plant biomass, respiration consumes O2 as it produces ATP and releases CO2 and is typically reduced under warming to maintain metabolic efficiency. We compared the response of respiratory O2 and CO2 flux to multiple night and day warming treatments in wheat leaves and roots, using one commercial (Mace) and one breeding cultivar grown in controlled environments. We also examined the effect of night warming and a day heatwave on the capacity of the ATP-uncoupled alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway. Under warm nights, plant biomass fell, respiratory CO2 release measured at a common temperature was unchanged (indicating higher rates of CO2 release at prevailing growth temperature), respiratory O2 consumption at a common temperature declined, and AOX pathway capacity increased. The uncoupling of CO2 and O2 exchange and enhanced AOX pathway capacity suggest a reduction in plant energy demand under warm nights (lower O2 consumption), alongside higher rates of CO2 release under prevailing growth temperature (due to a lack of down-regulation of respiratory CO2 release). Less efficient ATP synthesis, teamed with sustained CO2 flux, could thus be driving observed biomass declines under warm nights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Deping Zhai
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Andrew P Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Helen Bramley
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
| | - PeterB Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2753, Australia
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Richard Trethowan
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., N6A 3K7, London, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Dr., 27710, Durham, NC, USA
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - OwenK Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Inoue T, Akaji Y, Noguchi K. Distinct responses of growth and respiration to growth temperatures in two mangrove species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:15-28. [PMID: 34508635 PMCID: PMC8752395 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mangrove plants are mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal flats, and their limited distribution may be related to their responses to growth temperatures. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses have not been clarified. Here, we measured the dependencies of the growth parameters and respiration rates of leaves and roots on growth temperatures in typical mangrove species. METHODS We grew two typical species of Indo-Pacific mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa, at four different temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) by irrigating with fresh water containing nutrients, and we measured growth parameters, chemical composition, and leaf and root O2 respiration rates. We then estimated the construction costs of leaves and roots and the respiration rates required for maintenance and growth. KEY RESULTS The relative growth rates of both species increased with growth temperature due to changes in physiological parameters such as net assimilation rate and respiration rate rather than to changes in structural parameters such as leaf area ratio. Both species required a threshold temperature for growth (12.2 °C in B. gymnorrhiza and 18.1 °C in R. stylosa). At the low growth temperature, root nitrogen uptake rate was lower in R. stylosa than in B. gymnorrhiza, leading to a slower growth rate in R. stylosa. This indicates that R. stylosa is more sensitive than B. gymnorrhiza to low temperature. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the mangrove species require a certain warm temperature to ensure respiration rates sufficient for maintenance and growth, particularly in roots. The underground temperature probably limits their growth under the low-temperature condition. The lower sensitivity of B. gymnorrhiza to low temperature shows its potential to adapt to a wider habitat temperature range than R. stylosa. These growth and respiratory features may explain the distribution patterns of the two mangrove species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuaki Akaji
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Su Y, Cui B, Luo Y, Wang J, Wang X, Ouyang Z, Wang X. Leaf Functional Traits Vary in Urban Environments: Influences of Leaf Age, Land-Use Type, and Urban–Rural Gradient. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.681959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have focused on the response and adaptation of plants to urbanization by comparing differences in leaf functional traits between urban and rural sites. However, considerable uncertainties remain because differences in land-use type have not frequently been taken into account when assessing the effect of urbanization on leaf traits. In this study, we sampled the needles of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) in areas with three land-use types (roadsides, parks, and neighborhoods) along an urban–rural gradient in Beijing, China to determine the effect of urbanization on leaf functional traits. There were significant differences in the values of leaf functional traits between the needles of the current and previous year and across land-use types. Pines growing on roadsides had leaves with smaller length, width, and area, as well as lower stomatal density, compared with those growing in parks and neighborhoods. This implies that on roadsides, plant capacity to acquire resources (e.g., light and carbon dioxide) was degraded. Stomatal density, leaf width, and leaf P concentration increased with increasing distance from the city center, while leaf K concentration decreased with increasing distance from the city center. Importantly, there were significant differences in the urban–rural gradient of leaf functional traits between leaves of different ages, and across land-use types. Leaf age was the most important factor influencing leaf nutrient traits, while land-use type was the most important factor influencing leaf morphological traits in urban environments. Thus, considering the effects of the plant characteristic and land-use type on traits is important for assessing the urban–rural gradients of plant functional traits.
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Su Y, Renz M, Cui B, Sun X, Ouyang Z, Wang X. Leaf Morphological and Nutrient Traits of Common Woody Plants Change Along the Urban-Rural Gradient in Beijing, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682274. [PMID: 34512683 PMCID: PMC8427184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have found differences in the diversity of plant functional traits between urban and rural sites as a result of urbanization. However, the results remain inconsistent. In this study, we measured morphological and nutrient traits of 11 common woody plants along a continuous urban-rural gradient in Beijing, China. Leaf size (e.g., length, width, and area), specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen and potassium contents decreased gradually and significantly along the urban-rural gradient, indicating that urbanization can enhance the capacity of plants to acquire resources for growth and production. Furthermore, soil nutrients and air temperature decreased along the urban-rural gradient, while air relative humidity increased. A structural equation model showed that these alterations in physical factors attributable to urbanization contributed directly or indirectly to changes in leaf functional traits, implying that changes in soil nutrients and micro-climate induced by urbanization may affect plant growth and production because of the improvement in resource acquisition capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mark Renz
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bowen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ishida A, Nakamura T, Saiki ST, Yoshimura J, Kakishima S. Evolutionary loss of thermal acclimation accompanied by periodic monocarpic mass flowering in Strobilanthes flexicaulis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14273. [PMID: 34253817 PMCID: PMC8275617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While life history, physiology and molecular phylogeny in plants have been widely studied, understanding how physiology changes with the evolution of life history change remains largely unknown. In two closely related understory Strobilanthes plants, the molecular phylogeny has previously shown that the monocarpic 6-year masting S. flexicaulis have evolved from a polycarpic perennial, represented by the basal clade S. tashiroi. The polycarpic S. tashiroi exhibited seasonal thermal acclimation with increased leaf respiratory and photosynthetic metabolism in winter, whereas the monocarpic S. flexicaulis showed no thermal acclimation. The monocarpic S. flexicaulis required rapid height growth after germination under high intraspecific competition, and the respiration and N allocation were biased toward nonphotosynthetic tissues. By contrast, in the long-lived polycarpic S. tashiroi, these allocations were biased toward photosynthetic tissues. The life-history differences between the monocarpic S. flexicaulis and the polycarpic S. tashiroi are represented by the “height growth” and “assimilation” paradigms, respectively, which are controlled by different patterns of respiration and nitrogen regulation in leaves. The obtained data indicate that the monocarpic S. flexicaulis with the evolutionary loss of thermal acclimation may exhibit increased vulnerability to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Nakamura
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Shin-Taro Saiki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.,Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.,The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kakishima
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan.
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Sonti NF, Griffin KL, Hallett RA, Sullivan JH. Photosynthesis, fluorescence, and biomass responses of white oak seedlings to urban soil and air temperature effects. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1535-1549. [PMID: 33496962 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban forest patches can provide critical ecosystem services and their ability to regenerate native tree species is critical to their sustainability. Little is known about native tree seedling establishment and physiological function in urban ecosystems. This growth chamber study examined the effects of urban soil and air temperatures on white oak (Quercus alba L.) germination, seedling growth, and leaf-level physiology. A split-plot design tested effects of field collected soils from urban and reference forest sites in Baltimore, Maryland, and warm (urban) versus cool (rural) growth chamber temperature regimes. Seedlings were harvested at the end of the 23-week experiment to assess foliar chemistry and biomass allocation. Seed germination was unaffected by treatments and was high in both soil types and temperature regimes. Urban soils supported significantly higher total seedling biomass and had a significant effect on leaf-level physiological parameters, with seedlings grown in urban soils having greater Anet , Vcmax , ETRmax , Jmax , PNUE, gs , Anet /Rd , and PIabs (an integrated chlorophyll fluorescence parameter). PIabs measurements taken throughout the experiment revealed a significant time × temperature interaction effect. Baltimore urban forest patch soils were higher in nutrients than reference soils, but also higher in heavy metals. Despite higher levels of heavy metals, these results demonstrate that urban forest patch soils are able to support robust white oak seedling growth and enhanced seedling physiological parameters. However, interactions with temperature suggest that warming air temperatures may cause seedling stress and reduced growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Falxa Sonti
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Richard A Hallett
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Bayside, New York, USA
| | - Joe H Sullivan
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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7
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Inoue T, Noguchi K. Theoretical analysis of a temperature-dependent model of respiratory O 2 consumption using the kinetics of the cytochrome and alternative pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1810-1821. [PMID: 32984969 PMCID: PMC7821261 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature dependence of plant respiratory O2 -consumption has been empirically described by the Arrhenius equation. The slope of the Arrhenius plot (which is proportional to activation energy) sometimes deviates from a constant value. We conducted kinetic model simulations of mitochondrial electron flow dynamics to clarify factors affecting the shape of the Arrhenius plot. We constructed a kinetic model of respiration in which competitive O2 -consumption by the cytochrome pathway (CP) and the alternative pathway (AP) were considered, and we used this model to describe the temperature dependence of respiratory O2 -consumption of Arabidopsis. The model indicated that the electron partitioning and activation energy differences between CP and AP were reflected in the slope and magnitude of the dependent variables of the Arrhenius plot. When the electron partitioning and activation energies of CP and AP were constant with temperature change, our model suggested that the Arrhenius plot would be almost linear. When the electron partitioning or activation energy of CP, or both, rapidly changed with temperature, the Arrhenius plot deviated from linearity, as reported in previous experimental studies. Our simulation analysis quantitatively linked the kinetic model parameters with physiological mechanisms underlying the instantaneous temperature dependence of plant respiration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies16‐2 Onogawa TsukubaIbaraki305‐8506Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Life ScienceTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences1432‐1 Horinouchi HachiojiTokyo192‐0392Japan
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8
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Vanlerberghe GC, Dahal K, Alber NA, Chadee A. Photosynthesis, respiration and growth: A carbon and energy balancing act for alternative oxidase. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:197-211. [PMID: 32278748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes knowledge of alternative oxidase, a mitochondrial electron transport chain component that lowers the ATP yield of plant respiration. Analysis of mutant and transgenic plants has established that alternative oxidase activity supports leaf photosynthesis. The interaction of alternative oxidase respiration with chloroplast metabolism is important under conditions that challenge energy and/or carbon balance in the photosynthetic cell. Under such conditions, alternative oxidase provides an extra-chloroplastic means to optimize the status of chloroplast energy pools (ATP, NADPH) and to manage cellular carbohydrate pools in response to changing rates of carbon fixation and carbon demand for growth and maintenance. Transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms ensure that alternative oxidase can respond effectively when carbon and energy balance are being challenged. This function appears particularly significant under abiotic stress conditions such as water deficit, high salinity, or temperature extremes. Under such conditions, alternative oxidase respiration positively affects growth and stress tolerance, despite it lowering the energy yield and carbon use efficiency of respiration. In part, this beneficial effect relates to the ability of alternative oxidase respiration to prevent excessive reactive oxygen species generation in both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Recent evidence suggests that alternative oxidase respiration is an interesting target for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, P.O. Box 20280, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B4Z7, Canada
| | - Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
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9
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Turnbull MH, Ogaya R, Barbeta A, Peñuelas J, Zaragoza-Castells J, Atkin OK, Valladares F, Gimeno TE, Pías B, Griffin KL. Light inhibition of foliar respiration in response to soil water availability and seasonal changes in temperature in Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:1178-1193. [PMID: 32480643 DOI: 10.1071/fp17032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated variations in leaf respiration in darkness (RD) and light (RL), and associated traits in response to season, and along a gradient of soil moisture, in Mediterranean woodland dominated by holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) in central and north-eastern Spain respectively. On seven occasions during the year in the central Spain site, and along the soil moisture gradient in north-eastern Spain, we measured rates of leaf RD, RL (using the Kok method), light-saturated photosynthesis (A) and related light response characteristics, leaf mass per unit area (MA) and leaf nitrogen (N) content. At the central Spain site, significant seasonal changes in soil water content and ambient temperature (T) were associated with changes in MA, foliar N, A and stomatal conductance. RD measured at the prevailing daily T and in instantaneous R-T responses, displayed signs of partial acclimation and was not significantly affected by time of year. RL was always less than, and strongly related to, RD, and RL/RD did not vary significantly or systematically with seasonal changes in T or soil water content. Averaged over the year, RL/RD was 0.66±0.05s.e. (n=14) at the central Spain site. At the north-eastern Spain site, the soil moisture gradient was characterised by increasing MA and RD, and reduced foliar N, A, and stomatal conductance as soil water availability decreased. Light inhibition of R occurred across all sites (mean RL/RD=0.69±0.01s.e. (n=18)), resulting in ratios of RL/A being lower than for RD/A. Importantly, the degree of light inhibition was largely insensitive to changes in soil water content. Our findings provide evidence for a relatively constrained degree of light inhibition of R (RL/RD ~ 0.7, or inhibition of ~30%) across gradients of water availability, although the combined impacts of seasonal changes in both T and soil water content increase the range of values expressed. The findings thus have implications in terms of the assumptions made by predictive models that seek to account for light inhibition of R, and for our understanding of how environmental gradients impact on leaf trait relationships in Mediterranean plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrià Barbeta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Joana Zaragoza-Castells
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Serrano 115, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa E Gimeno
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Beatriz Pías
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, 6 Biology, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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Marín-Guirao L, Entrambasaguas L, Dattolo E, Ruiz JM, Procaccini G. Molecular Mechanisms behind the Physiological Resistance to Intense Transient Warming in an Iconic Marine Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1142. [PMID: 28706528 PMCID: PMC5489684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The endemic Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica is highly threatened by the increased frequency and intensity of heatwaves. Meadows of the species offer a unique opportunity to unravel mechanisms marine plants activate to cope transient warming, since their wide depth distribution impose divergent heat-tolerance. Understanding these mechanisms is imperative for their conservation. Shallow and deep genotypes within the same population were exposed to a simulated heatwave in mesocosms, to analyze their transcriptomic and photo-physiological responses during and after the exposure. Shallow plants, living in a more unstable thermal environment, optimized phenotype variation in response to warming. These plants showed a pre-adaptation of genes in anticipation of stress. Shallow plants also showed a stronger activation of heat-responsive genes and the exclusive activation of genes involved in epigenetic mechanisms and in molecular mechanisms that are behind their higher photosynthetic stability and respiratory acclimation. Deep plants experienced higher heat-induced damage and activated metabolic processes for obtaining extra energy from sugars and amino acids, likely to support the higher protein turnover induced by heat. In this study we identify transcriptomic mechanisms that may facilitate persistence of seagrasses to anomalous warming events and we discovered that P. oceanica plants from above and below the mean depth of the summer thermocline have differential resilience to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro Marín-Guirao
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lazaro Marín-Guirao
| | | | - Emanuela Dattolo
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaples, Italy
| | - Juan M. Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of OceanographyMurcia, Spain
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11
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Atkin OK, Bahar NHA, Bloomfield KJ, Griffin KL, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, de la Torre AM, Turnbull MH. Leaf Respiration in Terrestrial Biosphere Models. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Dahal K, Martyn GD, Alber NA, Vanlerberghe GC. Coordinated regulation of photosynthetic and respiratory components is necessary to maintain chloroplast energy balance in varied growth conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:657-671. [PMID: 28011719 PMCID: PMC5441918 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a non-energy-conserving alternative oxidase (AOX) proposed to support photosynthesis, perhaps by promoting energy balance under varying growth conditions. To investigate this, wild-type (WT) Nicotiana tabacum were compared with AOX knockdown and overexpression lines. In addition, the amount of AOX protein in WT plants was compared with that of chloroplast light-harvesting complex II (LHCB2), whose amount is known to respond to chloroplast energy status. With increased growth irradiance, WT leaves maintained higher rates of respiration in the light (RL), but no differences in RL or photosynthesis were seen between the WT and transgenic lines, suggesting that, under non-stress conditions, AOX was not critical for leaf metabolism, regardless of growth irradiance. However, under drought, the AOX amount became an important determinant of RL, which in turn was an important determinant of chloroplast energy balance (measured as photosystem II excitation pressure, EP), and photosynthetic performance. In the WT, the AOX amount increased and the LHCB2 amount decreased with increased growth irradiance or drought severity. These changes in protein amounts correlated strongly, in opposing ways, with growth EP. This suggests that a signal deriving from the photosynthetic electron transport chain status coordinately controls the amounts of AOX and LHCB2, which then both contribute to maintaining chloroplast energy balance, particularly under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Greg D Martyn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
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13
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Vanlerberghe GC. Alternative oxidase: a mitochondrial respiratory pathway to maintain metabolic and signaling homeostasis during abiotic and biotic stress in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6805-47. [PMID: 23531539 PMCID: PMC3645666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a non-energy conserving terminal oxidase in the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. While respiratory carbon oxidation pathways, electron transport, and ATP turnover are tightly coupled processes, AOX provides a means to relax this coupling, thus providing a degree of metabolic homeostasis to carbon and energy metabolism. Beside their role in primary metabolism, plant mitochondria also act as "signaling organelles", able to influence processes such as nuclear gene expression. AOX activity can control the level of potential mitochondrial signaling molecules such as superoxide, nitric oxide and important redox couples. In this way, AOX also provides a degree of signaling homeostasis to the organelle. Evidence suggests that AOX function in metabolic and signaling homeostasis is particularly important during stress. These include abiotic stresses such as low temperature, drought, and nutrient deficiency, as well as biotic stresses such as bacterial infection. This review provides an introduction to the genetic and biochemical control of AOX respiration, as well as providing generalized examples of how AOX activity can provide metabolic and signaling homeostasis. This review also examines abiotic and biotic stresses in which AOX respiration has been critically evaluated, and considers the overall role of AOX in growth and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada.
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Kruse J, Turnbull TL, Adams MA. Disentangling respiratory acclimation and adaptation to growth temperature by Eucalyptus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 195:149-163. [PMID: 22587590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
• Respiratory acclimation to growth temperature differs between species, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that respiratory acclimation of CO(2) release is a consequence of growth regulation such that growth rates of young foliage of Eucalyptus spp. are similar at contrasting growth temperatures. Further, we tested whether such a response is affected by adaptation of Eucalyptus to different thermal environments via growth at different altitudes in the Australian Alps. • We employed calorimetric methods to relate rates of CO(2) release (mainly from substrate oxidation) and rates of O(2) reduction to conservation of energy. Temperature responses of these processes provided insight into mechanisms that control energy conservation and expenditure, and helped define 'instantaneous enthalpic growth capacity' (CapG). • CapG increased with altitude, but was counteracted by other factors in species adapted to highland habitats. The acclimation response was partly driven by changes in respiratory capacity (CapR(CO2)), and partly by more pronounced dynamic responses of CO(2) release (δ(R(CO2))) to measurement temperature. We observed enhanced temperature sensitivity of O(2) reduction (E(o)(R(O2))) at higher altitudes. • Adaptation to growth temperature included differences in respiration and growth capacities, but there was little evidence that Eucalyptus species vary in metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kruse
- Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Freiburg, Germany.
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Searle SY, Turnbull MH, Boelman NT, Schuster WSF, Yakir D, Griffin KL. Urban environment of New York City promotes growth in northern red oak seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:389-400. [PMID: 22491523 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is accelerating across the globe, elevating the importance of studying urban ecology. Urban environments exhibit several factors affecting plant growth and function, including high temperatures (particularly at night), CO(2) concentrations and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. We investigated the effects of urban environments on growth in Quercus rubra L. seedlings. We grew seedlings from acorns for one season at four sites along an urban-rural transect from Central Park in New York City to the Catskill Mountains in upstate New York (difference in average maximum temperatures of 2.4 °C; difference in minimum temperatures of 4.6 °C). In addition, we grew Q. rubra seedlings in growth cabinets (GCs) mimicking the seasonal differential between the city and rural sites (based on a 5-year average). In the field experiment, we found an eightfold increase in biomass in urban-grown seedlings relative to those grown at rural sites. This difference was primarily related to changes in growth allocation. Urban-grown seedlings and seedlings grown at urban temperatures in the GCs exhibited a lower root: shoot ratio (urban ~0.8, rural/remote ~1.5), reducing below-ground carbon costs associated with construction and maintenance. These urban seedlings instead allocated more growth to leaves than did rural-grown seedlings, resulting in 10-fold greater photosynthetic area but no difference in photosynthetic capacity of foliage per unit area. Seedlings grown at urban temperatures in both the field and GC experiments had higher leaf nitrogen concentrations per unit area than those grown at cooler temperatures (increases of 23% in field, 32% in GC). Lastly, we measured threefold greater (13)C enrichment of respired CO(2) (relative to substrate) in urban-grown leaves than at other sites, which may suggest greater allocation of respiratory function to growth over maintenance. It also shows that lack of differences in total R flux in response to environmental conditions may mask dramatic shifts in respiratory functioning. Overall, our findings indicating greater seedling growth and establishment at a critical regeneration phase of forest development may have important implications for the ecology of urban forests as well as the predicted growth of the terrestrial biosphere in temperate regions in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Searle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
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