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Maleszewska M, Wojnicki K, Mieczkowski J, Król SK, Jacek K, Śmiech M, Kocyk M, Ciechomska IA, Bujko M, Siedlecki J, Kotulska K, Grajkowska W, Zawadzka M, Kaminska B. DMRTA2 supports glioma stem-cell mediated neovascularization in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:228. [PMID: 38509074 PMCID: PMC10954651 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. Due to its fast proliferation, diffusive growth and therapy resistance survival times are less than two years for patients with IDH-wildtype GBM. GBM is noted for the considerable cellular heterogeneity, high stemness indices and abundance of the glioma stem-like cells known to support tumor progression, therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor a2 (DMRTA2) is involved in maintaining neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the cell cycle and its overexpression suppresses NPC differentiation. Despite the reports showing that primary GBM originates from transformed neural stem/progenitors cells, the role of DMRTA2 in gliomagenesis has not been elucidated so far. Here we show the upregulation of DMRTA2 expression in malignant gliomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed the protein concentrated in small cells with high proliferative potential and cells localized around blood vessels, where it colocalizes with pericyte-specific markers. Knock-down of DMRTA2 in human glioma cells impairs proliferation but not viability of the cells, and affects the formation of the tumor spheres, as evidenced by strong decrease in the number and size of spheres in in vitro cultures. Moreover, the knockdown of DMRTA2 in glioma spheres affects the stabilization of the glioma stem-like cell-dependent tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. We conclude that DMRTA2 is a new player in gliomagenesis and tumor neovascularization and due to its high expression in malignant gliomas could be a biomarker and potential target for new therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia K Król
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Jacek
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Śmiech
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kocyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona A Ciechomska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bujko
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zawadzka
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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R. N. Ferreira JG, A. Americo J, L. A. S. do Amaral D, Sendim F, R. da Cunha Y, Blaxter M, Uliano-Silva M, de F. Rebelo M. A chromosome-level assembly supports genome-wide investigation of the DMRT gene family in the golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei). Gigascience 2022; 12:giad072. [PMID: 37776366 PMCID: PMC10541798 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) is a highly invasive species that causes environmental and socioeconomic losses in invaded areas. Reference genomes have proven to be a valuable resource for studying the biology of invasive species. While the current golden mussel genome has been useful for identifying new genes, its high fragmentation hinders some applications. FINDINGS In this study, we provide the first chromosome-level reference genome for the golden mussel. The genome was built using PacBio HiFi, 10X, and Hi-C sequencing data. The final assembly contains 99.4% of its total length assembled to the 15 chromosomes of the species and a scaffold N50 of 97.05 Mb. A total of 34,862 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 84.7% were functionally annotated. A significant (6.48%) proportion of the genome was found to be in a hemizygous state. Using the new genome, we have performed a genome-wide characterization of the Doublesex and Mab-3 related transcription factor gene family, which has been proposed as a target for population control strategies in other species. CONCLUSIONS From the applied research perspective, a higher-quality genome will support genome editing with the aim of developing biotechnology-based solutions to control invasion. From the basic research perspective, the new genome is a high-quality reference for molecular evolutionary studies of Mytilida and other Lophotrochozoa, and it may be used as a reference for future resequencing studies to assess genomic variation among different golden mussel populations, unveiling potential routes of dispersion and helping to establish better control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gabriel R. N. Ferreira
- Bio Bureau Biotecnologia, Rio de Janeiro 21941-850, Brazil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Sendim
- Bio Bureau Biotecnologia, Rio de Janeiro 21941-850, Brazil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
| | - Yasmin R. da Cunha
- Bio Bureau Biotecnologia, Rio de Janeiro 21941-850, Brazil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
| | | | - Mark Blaxter
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | | | - Mauro de F. Rebelo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil
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3
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Casado-Navarro R, Serrano-Saiz E. DMRT Transcription Factors in the Control of Nervous System Sexual Differentiation. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:937596. [PMID: 35958734 PMCID: PMC9361473 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.937596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual phenotypic differences in the nervous system are one of the most prevalent features across the animal kingdom. The molecular mechanisms responsible for sexual dimorphism throughout metazoan nervous systems are extremely diverse, ranging from intrinsic cell autonomous mechanisms to gonad-dependent endocrine control of sexual traits, or even extrinsic environmental cues. In recent years, the DMRT ancient family of transcription factors has emerged as being central in the development of sex-specific differentiation in all animals in which they have been studied. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of Dmrt genes in nervous system sexual regulation from an evolutionary perspective.
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Kikkawa T, Osumi N. Multiple Functions of the Dmrt Genes in the Development of the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:789583. [PMID: 34955736 PMCID: PMC8695973 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.789583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dmrt genes encode the transcription factor containing the DM (doublesex and mab-3) domain, an intertwined zinc finger-like DNA binding module. While Dmrt genes are mainly involved in the sexual development of various species, recent studies have revealed that Dmrt genes, which belong to the DmrtA subfamily, are differentially expressed in the embryonic brain and spinal cord and are essential for the development of the central nervous system. Herein, we summarize recent studies that reveal the multiple functions of the Dmrt genes in various aspects of vertebrate neural development, including brain patterning, neurogenesis, and the specification of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kikkawa
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Burgos M, Hurtado A, Jiménez R, Barrionuevo FJ. Non-Coding RNAs: lncRNAs, miRNAs, and piRNAs in Sexual Development. Sex Dev 2021; 15:335-350. [PMID: 34614501 DOI: 10.1159/000519237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of RNAs that do not encode functional proteins, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In the last 2 decades an effort has been made to uncover the role of ncRNAs during development and disease, and nowadays it is clear that these molecules have a regulatory function in many of the developmental and physiological processes where they have been studied. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of ncRNAs during gonad determination and development, focusing mainly on mammals, although we also provide information from other species, in particular when there is not much information on the function of particular types of ncRNAs during mammalian sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Burgos
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alicia Hurtado
- Epigenetics and Sex Development Group, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafael Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barrionuevo
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Lab. 127, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Nguyen I, Luth ES. DMD-10 is dispensable for the initial development of amphid sensory neurons and their survival in mature C. elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2021; 2021:10.17912/micropub.biology.000408. [PMID: 34142022 PMCID: PMC8204158 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensory or chemosensory activation of glutamatergicASH amphid sensory neurons promotes avoidancebehaviors in C. elegans. Wormswith mutations in the transcription factor DMD-10 have impaired ASH-mediated sensorimotor reflexes. We hypothesized that the behavioral dysfunction in dmd-10 mutants could arise from impaired ASH development or survival leading to disrupted glutamatergic signaling.To test this, we performed in vivo fluorescence microscopy of young adult C. elegans amphid neurons after labeling with the lipophilic dye DiI. We quantified the number of ASH neurons as well as five other amphid sensory neuron pairs. We found that the number of amphid neurons in dmd-10 mutants was the same as in wild-type worms. Our results suggest that dmd-10 is not required for amphid neuron development or survival in mature C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Nguyen
- Simmons University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA
| | - Eric S. Luth
- Simmons University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA,
Correspondence to: Eric S. Luth ()
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Durbeck J, Breton C, Suter M, Luth ES, McGehee AM. The Doublesex/Mab-3 domain transcription factor DMD-10 regulates ASH-dependent behavioral responses. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10892. [PMID: 33665029 PMCID: PMC7916532 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Doublesex/Mab-3 Domain transcription factor DMD-10 is expressed in several cell types in C. elegans, including in the nervous system. We sought to investigate whether DMD-10 is required for normal neuronal function using behavioral assays. We found that mutation of dmd-10 did not broadly affect behavior. dmd-10 mutants were normal in several behavioral assays including a body bends assay for locomotion, egg laying, chemotaxis and response to gentle touch to the body. dmd-10 mutants did have defects in nose-touch responsiveness, which requires the glutamate receptor GLR-1. However, using quantitative fluorescence microscopy to measure levels of a GLR-1::GFP fusion protein in the ventral nerve cord, we found no evidence supporting a difference in the number of GLR-1 synapses or in the amount of GLR-1 present in dmd-10 mutants. dmd-10 mutants did have decreased responsiveness to high osmolarity, which, along with nose-touch, is sensed by the polymodal sensory neuron ASH. Furthermore, mutation of dmd-10 impaired behavioral response to optogenetic activation of ASH, suggesting that dmd-10 promotes neuronal signaling in ASH downstream of sensory receptor activation. Together our results suggest that DMD-10 is important in regulating the frequency of multiple ASH-dependent behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Durbeck
- Biology Department, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celine Breton
- Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Suter
- Biology Department, Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Luth
- Department of Biology, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
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Feng B, Li S, Wang Q, Tang L, Huang F, Zhang Z, Mahboobe S, Shao C. lncRNA DMRT2-AS acts as a transcriptional regulator of dmrt2 involving in sex differentiation in the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 253:110542. [PMID: 33301875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to various biological processes, including sexual development. As a member of the DMRT family, dmrt2 plays a very important role in sex determination and differentiation. In this study, we cloned and characterized the lncRNA DMRT2-AS (referred to as dmrt2 antisense) associated with dmrt2 from the gonads of the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). The full-length cDNA of DMRT2-AS was 537 bp. Based on a sequence alignment, DMRT2-AS overlapped with dmrt2 in reverse on exon 4 and intron 3, with a region of overlap of 221 bp on exon 4. RT-qPCR showed that DMRT2-AS was highly expressed in the testis of Chinese tongue sole. In addition, the expression of DMRT2-AS increased continuously during male gonadal development. In vitro experiments and bioinformatics predictions showed that DMRT2-AS promoted the expression of dmrt2 at the transcriptional level. These results suggest that DMRT2-AS acts as a transcriptional regulator of dmrt2 and plays an important role in the gonadal differentiation of male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Genosys, Inc., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shahid Mahboobe
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changwei Shao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266003, China.
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9
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Dong J, Li J, Hu J, Sun C, Tian Y, Li W, Yan N, Sun C, Sheng X, Yang S, Shi Q, Ye X. Comparative Genomics Studies on the dmrt Gene Family in Fish. Front Genet 2020; 11:563947. [PMID: 33281869 PMCID: PMC7689362 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor (dmrt) genes are widely distributed across various biological groups and play critical roles in sex determination and neural development. Here, we applied bioinformatics methods to exam cross-species changes in the dmrt family members and evolutionary relationships of the dmrt genes based on genomes of 17 fish species. All the examined fish species have dmrt1-5 while only five species contained dmrt6. Most fish harbored two dmrt2 paralogs (dmrt2a and dmrt2b), with dmrt2b being unique to fish. In the phylogenetic tree, 147 DMRT are categorized into eight groups (DMRT1-DMRT8) and then clustered in three main groups. Selective evolutionary pressure analysis indicated purifying selections on dmrt1-3 genes and the dmrt1-3-2(2a) gene cluster. Similar genomic conservation patterns of the dmrt1-dmrt3-dmrt2(2a) gene cluster with 20-kb upstream/downstream regions in fish with various sex-determination systems were observed except for three regions with remarkable diversity. Synteny analysis revealed that dmrt1, dmrt2a, dmrt2b, and dmrt3-5 were relatively conserved in fish during the evolutionary process. While dmrt6 was lost in most species during evolution. The high conservation of the dmrt1-dmrt3-dmrt2(2a) gene cluster in various fish genomes suggests their crucial biological functions while various dmrt family members and sequences across fish species suggest different biological roles during evolution. This study provides a molecular basis for fish dmrt functional analysis and may serve as a reference for in-depth phylogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxi Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Expression analysis and characterization of dmrt2 in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Theriogenology 2019; 138:1-8. [PMID: 31279050 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dmrt2 is a member of the dmrt gene family with a conserved zinc finger-like DNA-binding motif (DM domain). In the present study, CS-dmrt2 was cloned from the gonads of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). The full-length cDNA of CS-dmrt2 is 2834 bp in length, with a 251 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1086 bp 3'-UTR and a 1503 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a 501-amino-acid peptide. qPCR revealed that CS-dmrt2 was mainly expressed in C. semilaevis testes. In situ hybridization (ISH) showed CS-dmrt2 expression throughout early gonadal development (36 days after hatching (dah) and 86 dah), but the expression was higher in male gonads than in female gonads. CS-dmrt2 mRNA was highly expressed in male germ cells. Comparison of methylation levels between females and males demonstrated hypo-methylated levels of the CS-dmrt2 promoter in the male gonads, which is consistent with the high mRNA expression. These results suggest that the CS-dmrt2 gene may play a functional role in gonadal differentiation/development and germ cell maturation in the testis.
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De Clercq S, Keruzore M, Desmaris E, Pollart C, Assimacopoulos S, Preillon J, Ascenzo S, Matson CK, Lee M, Nan X, Li M, Nakagawa Y, Hochepied T, Zarkower D, Grove EA, Bellefroid EJ. DMRT5 Together with DMRT3 Directly Controls Hippocampus Development and Neocortical Area Map Formation. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:493-509. [PMID: 28031177 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice that are constitutively null for the zinc finger doublesex and mab-3 related (Dmrt) gene, Dmrt5/Dmrta2, show a variety of patterning abnormalities in the cerebral cortex, including the loss of the cortical hem, a powerful cortical signaling center. In conditional Dmrt5 gain of function and loss of function mouse models, we generated bidirectional changes in the neocortical area map without affecting the hem. Analysis indicated that DMRT5, independent of the hem, directs the rostral-to-caudal pattern of the neocortical area map. Thus, DMRT5 joins a small number of transcription factors shown to control directly area size and position in the neocortex. Dmrt5 deletion after hem formation also reduced hippocampal size and shifted the position of the neocortical/paleocortical boundary. Dmrt3, like Dmrt5, is expressed in a gradient across the cortical primordium. Mice lacking Dmrt3 show cortical patterning defects akin to but milder than those in Dmrt5 mutants, perhaps in part because Dmrt5 expression increases in the absence of Dmrt3. DMRT5 upregulates Dmrt3 expression and negatively regulates its own expression, which may stabilize the level of DMRT5. Together, our findings indicate that finely tuned levels of DMRT5, together with DMRT3, regulate patterning of the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah De Clercq
- ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marc Keruzore
- ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Elodie Desmaris
- ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Pollart
- ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Julie Preillon
- ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Ascenzo
- ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Clinton K Matson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Melody Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xinsheng Nan
- School of Medicine and School of Bioscience , Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3XQ, UK
| | - Meng Li
- School of Medicine and School of Bioscience , Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3XQ, UK
| | - Yasushi Nakagawa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tino Hochepied
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Zarkower
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grove
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric J Bellefroid
- ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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Hilbold E, Bergmann M, Fietz D, Kliesch S, Weidner W, Langeheine M, Rode K, Brehm R. Immunolocalization of DMRTB1 in human testis with normal and impaired spermatogenesis. Andrology 2019; 7:428-440. [PMID: 30920770 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor DMRTB1 plays a pivotal role in coordinating the transition between mitosis and meiosis in murine germ cells. No reliable data are available for human testis. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to examine the testicular expression pattern of DMRTB1 in men showing normal and impaired spermatogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed using 54 human testicular biopsy specimens and a commercial rabbit polyclonal anti-DMRTB1 primary antibody. RT-PCR complemented immunohistochemistry. To further characterize immunopositive cells and possible co-localization, the proliferation marker Ki-67, the tumor marker PLAP, and an anti-DMRT1 antibody were used. RESULTS In men with normal spermatogenesis, a strong immunoreactivity was detectable in a subset of spermatogonia (38.34 ± 2.14%). Some spermatocytes showed a weak immunostaining. Adjacent Sertoli cells were immunonegative. Compared with a hematoxylin and eosin overview staining, these immunopositive cells were almost exclusively identified as Apale and B spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in (pre-)leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene stages. In patients with spermatogenic arrest at spermatogonial level, an altered staining pattern was found. No immunoreactivity was detected in Sertoli cells in Sertoli cell-only syndrome. In germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) tubules, except for a few (0.4 ± 0.03%), pre-invasive tumor cells were immunonegative. Seminoma cells showed no immunostaining. DISCUSSION According to previous findings in mice, it seems reasonable that DMRTB1 is expressed in these normal germ cell populations. Moreover, altered staining pattern in spermatogenic arrest at spermatogonial stage suggests a correlation with mitosis and transformation into B spermatogonia. The absence of DMRTB1 in GCNIS cells and tumor cells might be associated with uncontrolled neoplastic cell proliferation and progression into invasive germ cell tumors. Further research is required to elucidate, for example, the role of DMRTB1 in the malignant transformation of human germ cells. CONCLUSION Our data indicate a relevant role for DMRTB1 regarding the entry of spermatogonia into meiosis in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hilbold
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Bergmann
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - D Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Kliesch
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - W Weidner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Langeheine
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Rode
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Brehm
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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13
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Tsakogiannis A, Manousaki T, Lagnel J, Sterioti A, Pavlidis M, Papandroulakis N, Mylonas CC, Tsigenopoulos CS. The transcriptomic signature of different sexes in two protogynous hermaphrodites: Insights into the molecular network underlying sex phenotype in fish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3564. [PMID: 29476120 PMCID: PMC5824801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differentiation is a puzzling problem in fish due to the variety of reproductive systems and the flexibility of their sex determination mechanisms. The Sparidae, a teleost family, reflects this remarkable diversity of sexual mechanisms found in fish. Our aim was to capture the transcriptomic signature of different sexes in two protogynous hermaphrodite sparids, the common pandora Pagellus erythrinus and the red porgy Pagrus pagrus in order to shed light on the molecular network contributing to either the female or the male phenotype in these organisms. Through RNA sequencing, we investigated sex-specific differences in gene expression in both species' brains and gonads. The analysis revealed common male and female specific genes/pathways between these protogynous fish. Whereas limited sex differences found in the brain indicate a sexually plastic tissue, in contrast, the great amount of sex-biased genes observed in gonads reflects the functional divergence of the transformed tissue to either its male or female character. Α common "crew" of well-known molecular players is acting to preserve either sex identity of the gonad in these fish. Lastly, this study lays the ground for a deeper understanding of the complex process of sex differentiation in two species with an evolutionary significant reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsakogiannis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - T Manousaki
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - J Lagnel
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - A Sterioti
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - M Pavlidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - N Papandroulakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - C C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece
| | - C S Tsigenopoulos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Heraklion, Greece.
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14
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Bayliss J, Mukherjee P, Lu C, Jain SU, Chung C, Martinez D, Sabari B, Margol AS, Panwalkar P, Parolia A, Pekmezci M, McEachin RC, Cieslik M, Tamrazi B, Garcia BA, La Rocca G, Santi M, Lewis PW, Hawkins C, Melnick A, David Allis C, Thompson CB, Chinnaiyan AM, Judkins AR, Venneti S. Lowered H3K27me3 and DNA hypomethylation define poorly prognostic pediatric posterior fossa ependymomas. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:366ra161. [PMID: 27881822 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah6904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood posterior fossa (PF) ependymomas cause substantial morbidity and mortality. These tumors lack recurrent genetic mutations, but a subset of these ependymomas exhibits CpG island (CpGi) hypermethylation [PF group A (PFA)], implicating epigenetic alterations in their pathogenesis. Further, histological grade does not reliably predict prognosis, highlighting the importance of developing more robust prognostic markers. We discovered global H3K27me3 reduction in a subset of these tumors (PF-ve ependymomas) analogous to H3K27M mutant gliomas. PF-ve tumors exhibited many clinical and biological similarities with PFA ependymomas. Genomic H3K27me3 distribution showed an inverse relationship with CpGi methylation, suggesting that CpGi hypermethylation drives low H3K27me3 in PF-ve ependymomas. Despite CpGi hypermethylation and global H3K27me3 reduction, these tumors showed DNA hypomethylation in the rest of the genome and exhibited increased H3K27me3 genomic enrichment at limited genomic loci similar to H3K27M mutant gliomas. Combined integrative analysis of PF-ve ependymomas with H3K27M gliomas uncovered common epigenetic deregulation of select factors that control radial glial biology, and PF radial glia in early human development exhibited reduced H3K27me3. Finally, H3K27me3 immunostaining served as a biomarker of poor prognosis and delineated radiologically invasive tumors, suggesting that reduced H3K27me3 may be a prognostic indicator in PF ependymomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Bayliss
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Piali Mukherjee
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Siddhant U Jain
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Chan Chung
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin Sabari
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ashley S Margol
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Pooja Panwalkar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Abhijit Parolia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Melike Pekmezci
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Richard C McEachin
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Benita Tamrazi
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gaspare La Rocca
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter W Lewis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ari Melnick
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Alexander R Judkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
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15
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Dmrt5, a Novel Neurogenic Factor, Reciprocally Regulates Lhx2 to Control the Neuron-Glia Cell-Fate Switch in the Developing Hippocampus. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11245-11254. [PMID: 29025924 PMCID: PMC5688529 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1535-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the neuron-glia cell-fate switch is a critical step in the development of the CNS. Previously, we demonstrated that Lhx2 is a necessary and sufficient regulator of this process in the mouse hippocampal primordium, such that Lhx2 overexpression promotes neurogenesis and suppresses gliogenesis, whereas loss of Lhx2 has the opposite effect. We tested a series of transcription factors for their ability to mimic Lhx2 overexpression and suppress baseline gliogenesis, and also to compensate for loss of Lhx2 and suppress the resulting enhanced level of gliogenesis in the hippocampus. Here, we demonstrate a novel function of Dmrt5/Dmrta2 as a neurogenic factor in the developing hippocampus. We show that Dmrt5, as well as known neurogenic factors Neurog2 and Pax6, can each not only mimic Lhx2 overexpression, but also can compensate for loss of Lhx2 to different extents. We further uncover a reciprocal regulatory relationship between Dmrt5 and Lhx2, such that each can compensate for loss of the other. Dmrt5 and Lhx2 also have opposing regulatory control on Pax6 and Neurog2, indicating a complex bidirectionally regulated network that controls the neuron-glia cell-fate switch.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We identify Dmrt5 as a novel regulator of the neuron-glia cell-fate switch in the developing hippocampus. We demonstrate Dmrt5 to be neurogenic, and reciprocally regulated by Lhx2: loss of either factor promotes gliogenesis; overexpression of either factor suppresses gliogenesis and promotes neurogenesis; each can substitute for loss of the other. Furthermore, each factor has opposing effects on established neurogenic genes Neurog2 and Pax6 Dmrt5 is known to suppress their expression, and we show that Lhx2 is required to maintain it. Our study reveals a complex regulatory network with bidirectional control of a fundamental feature of CNS development, the control of the production of neurons versus astroglia in the developing hippocampus.Finally, we confirm that Lhx2 binds a highly conserved putative enhancer of Dmrt5, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved regulatory relationship between these factors. Our findings uncover a complex network that involves Lhx2, Dmrt5, Neurog2, and Pax6, and that ensures the appropriate amount and timing of neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the developing hippocampus.
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16
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The doublesex-related Dmrta2 safeguards neural progenitor maintenance involving transcriptional regulation of Hes1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5599-E5607. [PMID: 28655839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705186114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that determine whether a neural progenitor cell (NPC) reenters the cell cycle or exits and differentiates are pivotal for generating cells in the correct numbers and diverse types, and thus dictate proper brain development. Combining gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches in an embryonic stem cell-derived cortical differentiation model, we report that doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor a2 (Dmrta2, also known as Dmrt5) plays an important role in maintaining NPCs in the cell cycle. Temporally controlled expression of transgenic Dmrta2 in NPCs suppresses differentiation without affecting their neurogenic competence. In contrast, Dmrta2 knockout accelerates the cell cycle exit and differentiation into postmitotic neurons of NPCs derived from embryonic stem cells and in Emx1-cre conditional mutant mice. Dmrta2 function is linked to the regulation of Hes1 and other proneural genes, as demonstrated by genome-wide RNA-seq and direct binding of Dmrta2 to the Hes1 genomic locus. Moreover, transient Hes1 expression rescues precocious neurogenesis in Dmrta2 knockout NPCs. Our study thus establishes a link between Dmrta2 modulation of Hes1 expression and the maintenance of NPCs during cortical development.
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17
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Urquhart J, Beaman G, Byers H, Roberts N, Chervinsky E, O'Sullivan J, Pilz D, Fry A, Williams S, Bhaskar S, Khayat M, Simanovsky N, Shachar I, Shalev S, Newman W. DMRTA2 (DMRT5) is mutated in a novel cortical brain malformation. Clin Genet 2016; 89:724-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.E. Urquhart
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC); Manchester UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine; Institute of Human Development; Manchester UK
| | - G. Beaman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC); Manchester UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine; Institute of Human Development; Manchester UK
| | - H. Byers
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC); Manchester UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine; Institute of Human Development; Manchester UK
| | - N.A. Roberts
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - E. Chervinsky
- The Genetic Institute; Emek Medical Center; Afula Israel
| | - J. O'Sullivan
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC); Manchester UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine; Institute of Human Development; Manchester UK
| | - D. Pilz
- Institute of Medical Genetics; University Hospital of Wales; Cardiff UK
| | - A. Fry
- Institute of Medical Genetics; University Hospital of Wales; Cardiff UK
| | - S.G. Williams
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC); Manchester UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine; Institute of Human Development; Manchester UK
| | - S.S. Bhaskar
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC); Manchester UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine; Institute of Human Development; Manchester UK
| | - M. Khayat
- The Genetic Institute; Emek Medical Center; Afula Israel
| | - N. Simanovsky
- Departments of Medical Imaging; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | | | - S.A. Shalev
- The Genetic Institute; Emek Medical Center; Afula Israel
- Rapapport Faculty of Medicine; Haifa Israel
| | - W.G. Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC); Manchester UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine; Institute of Human Development; Manchester UK
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18
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Chen CJ, Shikina S, Chen WJ, Chung YJ, Chiu YL, Bertrand JAM, Lee YH, Chang CF. A Novel Female-Specific and Sexual Reproduction-Associated Dmrt Gene Discovered in the Stony Coral, Euphyllia ancora. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:40. [PMID: 26740592 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors encoded by the Dmrt gene family regulate multiple aspects of animal reproduction. Most studies investigating the Dmrt gene family were conducted in model organisms from bilateral species, with a particular emphasis on gene function in male sex determination. It is still unclear whether the E. ancora Dmrt (EaDmrt) genes found in basal metazoans such as cnidarians share similar characteristics with orthologs in other metazoans. In this study, seven full Dmrt gene transcript sequences for a gonochoric coral, Euphyllia ancora (phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa), were obtained through transcriptome data mining, RT-PCR analysis, rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and sequencing. These EaDmrts were subjected to quantitative assays measuring temporal and tissue-specific expression. Results demonstrated a unique gene expression pattern for EaDmrtE, which is enriched in female germ cells during the spawning season. Based on the phylogenetic analyses performed across the homologous Dmrt genes in metazoans, we found that the female-specific EaDmrtE gene is not related to the DM1 gene of Acropora spp. coral nor to Dmrt1 of vertebrates, which are involved in sexual reproduction, especially in sex determination (vertebrate Dmrt1). Additionally, high levels of EaDmrtE transcripts detected in unfertilized mature eggs are retained in newly formed zygotes but decrease during embryonic development. We suggest that the newly discovered gene may play a role in oogenesis and early embryogenesis as a maternal factor in corals. Therefore, the sexual reproduction-associated Dmrt gene(s) should have arisen in cnidarians and might have evolved multiple times in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Jhen Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shinya Shikina
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jou Chung
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chiu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | - Yan-Horn Lee
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Tungkang, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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19
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MeSiC: A Model-Based Method for Estimating 5 mC Levels at Single-CpG Resolution from MeDIP-seq. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14699. [PMID: 26424089 PMCID: PMC4589794 DOI: 10.1038/srep14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As the fifth base in mammalian genome, 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) is essential for many biological processes including normal development and disease. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq), which uses anti-5 mC antibodies to enrich for methylated fraction of the genome, is widely used to investigate methylome at a resolution of 100–500 bp. Considering the CpG density-dependent bias and limited resolution of MeDIP-seq, we developed a Random Forest Regression (RFR) model method, MeSiC, to estimate DNA methylation levels at single-base resolution. MeSiC integrated MeDIP-seq signals of CpG sites and their surrounding neighbors as well as genomic features to construct genomic element-dependent RFR models. In the H1 cell line, a high correlation was observed between MeSiC predictions and actual 5 mC levels. Meanwhile, MeSiC enabled to calibrate CpG density-dependent bias of MeDIP-seq signals. Importantly, we found that MeSiC models constructed in the H1 cell line could be used to accurately predict DNA methylation levels for other cell types. Comparisons with methylCRF and MEDIPS showed that MeSiC achieved comparable and even better performance. These demonstrate that MeSiC can provide accurate estimations of 5 mC levels at single-CpG resolution using MeDIP-seq data alone.
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20
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Hu Y, Deng L, Zhang J, Fang X, Mei P, Cao X, Lin J, Wei Y, Zhang X, Xu R. A Pooling Genome-Wide Association Study Combining a Pathway Analysis for Typical Sporadic Parkinson's Disease in the Han Population of Chinese Mainland. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4302-18. [PMID: 26227905 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD) are mainly conducted in European and American populations at present, and the Han populations of Chinese mainland (HPCM) almost have not been studied yet. Here, we conducted a pooling GWAS combining a pathway analysis with 862,198 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms of IlluminaHumanOmniZhongHua-8 in 250 sPD and 250 controls from HPCM precluded toxicant exposure, age, and heavy coffee drinking habit interference. We revealed that among the 22 potential loci implicated, PRDM2/KIAA1026 (kgp8090149), TSG1/MANEA (kgp154172), PDE10A (kgp8130520), MDGA2 (rs9323124), ATPBD4/LOC100288892 (kgp11333367), ZFP64/TSHZ2 (kgp4156164), PAQR3/ARD1B (kgp9482779), FLJ23172/FNDC3B (kgp760898), C18orf1 (kgp348599), FLJ43860/NCRNA00051 (kgp4105983), CYP1B1/C2orf58 (kgp11353523), WNT9A/LOC728728 (rs849898), ANXA1/LOC100130911 (rs10746953), FLJ35379/LOC100132423 (kgp9550589), PLEKHN1 (kgp7172368), DMRT2/SMARCA2 (kgp10769919), ZNF396/INO80C (rs1362858), C3orf67/LOC339902 (rs6783485), LOC285194/IGSF11 (rs1879553), FGF10/MRPS30 (rs13153459), BARX1/PTPDC1 (kgp6542803), and COL5 A2 (rs11186), the peak significance was at the kgp4105983 of FLJ43860 gene in chromosome 8, the first top strongest associated locus with sPD was PRDM2 (kgp8090149) in chromosome 1, and the 24 pathways including 100 significantly associated genes were strongly associated with sPD from HPCM. The 40 genes were shared by at least two pathways. The most possible associated pathways with sPD were axon guidance, ECM-receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, tight junction, focal adhesion, gap junction, long-term depression, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, adherens junction, endocytosis, and protein digestion and absorption. Our results indicated that these loci, pathways, and their related genes might be involved in the pathogenesis of sPD from HPCM and provided some novel evidences for further searching the genetic pathogenesis of sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Libing Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Puming Mei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Huazhong Technological University, Wuhan, 430006, Hubei, China
| | - Jiari Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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21
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The roles of Dmrt (Double sex/Male-abnormal-3 Related Transcription factor) genes in sex determination and differentiation mechanisms: Ubiquity and diversity across the animal kingdom. C R Biol 2015; 338:451-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Diotel N, Rodriguez Viales R, Armant O, März M, Ferg M, Rastegar S, Strähle U. Comprehensive expression map of transcription regulators in the adult zebrafish telencephalon reveals distinct neurogenic niches. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:1202-21. [PMID: 25556858 PMCID: PMC4418305 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a model to study adult vertebrate neurogenesis. In particular, the adult telencephalon has been an intensely studied structure in the zebrafish brain. Differential expression of transcriptional regulators (TRs) is a key feature of development and tissue homeostasis. Here we report an expression map of 1,202 TR genes in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish. Our results are summarized in a database with search and clustering functions to identify genes expressed in particular regions of the telencephalon. We classified 562 genes into 13 distinct patterns, including genes expressed in the proliferative zone. The remaining 640 genes displayed unique and complex patterns of expression and could thus not be grouped into distinct classes. The neurogenic ventricular regions express overlapping but distinct sets of TR genes, suggesting regional differences in the neurogenic niches in the telencephalon. In summary, the small telencephalon of the zebrafish shows a remarkable complexity in TR gene expression. The adult zebrafish telencephalon has become a model to study neurogenesis. We established the expression pattern of more than 1200 transcription regulators (TR) in the adult telencephalon. The neurogenic regions express overlapping but distinct sets of TR genes suggesting regional differences in the neurogenic potential. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1202–1221, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Diotel
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Graf M, Teo Qi-Wen ER, Sarusie MV, Rajaei F, Winkler C. Dmrt5 controls corticotrope and gonadotrope differentiation in the zebrafish pituitary. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 29:187-99. [PMID: 25489906 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dmrt transcription factors control sex determination or sex-specific differentiation across all invertebrate and vertebrate species, in which they have been studied so far. In addition to important functions in the reproductive system, also nongonadal roles have been assigned to several dmrt family members. One example is dmrt5, which was shown to guide neurogenesis in the forebrain of some vertebrates including fish. Here we show that in zebrafish, dmrt5 is also expressed adjacent to the pituitary anlage and later in the anterior pars distalis in which it organizes differentiation of endocrine cells. We find that pituitary induction, cell survival, proliferation, and early lineage specification in the pituitary is independent of dmrt5. Instead, dmrt5 is required for terminal differentiation of corticotropes and gonadotropes. Gene knockdown and mutant analysis revealed that dmrt5 promotes corticotrope differentiation via tbx19 expression, whereas it prevents gonadotrope differentiation in the anterior pars distalis. In dmrt5 morphants and mutants, reduced corticotrope numbers may result in irregular positioning and reduced maintenance of lactotropes. In conclusion, our study establishes a novel function for dmrt5 for cell differentiation in the anterior pituitary. Intriguingly, its effect on gonadotrope numbers defines a first nongonadal role for a dmrt family member that appears crucial for the activity of the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Graf
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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Bellefroid EJ, Leclère L, Saulnier A, Keruzore M, Sirakov M, Vervoort M, De Clercq S. Expanding roles for the evolutionarily conserved Dmrt sex transcriptional regulators during embryogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3829-45. [PMID: 23463235 PMCID: PMC11113232 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dmrt genes encode a large family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of a DM domain, an unusual zinc finger DNA binding domain. While Dmrt genes are well known for their important role in sexual development in arthropodes, nematodes and vertebrates, several new findings indicate emerging functions of this gene family in other developmental processes. Here, we provide an overview of the evolution, structure and mechanisms of action of Dmrt genes. We summarize recent findings on their function in sexual regulation and discuss more extensively the role played by these proteins in somitogenesis and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Bellefroid
- Laboratoire de Génétique du Développement, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium,
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25
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Foo LC, Dougherty JD. Aldh1L1 is expressed by postnatal neural stem cells in vivo. Glia 2013; 61:1533-41. [PMID: 23836537 PMCID: PMC3777382 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic enzyme for folate, Aldh1L1, has been shown to be expressed robustly in astrocytes of the brain. It is now well accepted that astrocytes in certain regions of the adult brain also serve as neural stem cells. Here, we examined whether Aldh1L1 is also expressed in postnatal neural stem cells. In vitro, cells in neural stem cell culture conditions have robust Aldh1L1 promoter activity. In vivo, in the adult brain, astroctyes in neurogenic regions express Aldh1L1 in a pattern consistent with inclusion in neural stem cells, and analysis of Aldh1L1+ cell transcriptome profiles from neurogenic regions reveal a robust enrichment of known regulators of neurogenesis. Genetic fate mapping with Aldh1L1 BAC Cre animals reveals adult-born neuroblasts of the rostral migratory stream are derived from Aldh1L1 expressing cells, as are sporadic neurons in other regions of the brain. Combining these lines of evidence from transgenic animals, cell culture, transcriptome profiling, and fate mapping, we conclude that Aldh1L1 is also expressed in neural stem cells in the brain. These findings may influence the future design of experiments utilizing Aldh1L1 genetic tools, and also suggest existing Aldh1L1 bacTRAP mice may be of use for further experiments profiling neural stem cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette C Foo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Star, Singapore
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Kikkawa T, Obayashi T, Takahashi M, Fukuzaki-Dohi U, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Osumi N. Dmrta1 regulates proneural gene expression downstream of Pax6 in the mammalian telencephalon. Genes Cells 2013; 18:636-49. [PMID: 23679989 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax6 balances cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the mammalian developing neocortex by regulating the expression of target genes. Using microarray analysis, we observed the down-regulation of Dmrta1 (doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor-like family A1) in the telencephalon of Pax6 homozygous mutant rats (rSey(2) /rSey(2) ). Dmrta1 expression was restricted to the neural stem/progenitor cells of the dorsal telencephalon. Overexpression of Dmrta1 induced the expression of the proneural gene Neurogenin2 (Neurog2) and conversely repressed Ascl1 (Mash1), a proneural gene expressed in the ventral telencephalon. We found that another Dmrt family molecule, Dmrt3, induced Neurog2 expression in the dorsal telencephalon. Our novel findings suggest that dual regulation of proneural genes mediated by Pax6 and Dmrt family members is crucial for cortical neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kikkawa
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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27
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Won KY, Kim YW, Kim HS, Lee SK, Jung WW, Park YK. MicroRNA-199b-5p is involved in the Notch signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1648-55. [PMID: 23574781 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the development, differentiation, and function of different cell types and in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. miRNAs are differentially expressed in normal and cancer cells. The investigation of miRNA expression between healthy subjects and patients with osteosarcoma is crucial for future clinical trials. We performed miRNA microarray analysis on 8 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded osteosarcoma tissue samples. We confirmed the results of the microarray analysis using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. miRNA profiling of osteosarcoma tissue samples showed that expression of 10 miRNAs had increased 10-fold compared with normal controls. Among the 10 miRNAs, 3 miRNAs (miR-199b-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-891a) were confirmed to have been up-regulated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. After transfection of 4 osteosarcoma cell lines with miR-199b-5p inhibitor, the expression of Notch pathway components in the transfected cell lines was changed. These results revealed that miR-199b-5p plays a role in Notch signaling in osteosarcoma. Recently, the inhibition of Notch and HES1 signaling has been suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent metastasis in human osteosarcoma. Taken together with our results, we suggest that miR-199b-5p inhibitor may also be a therapeutic option for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeoun Won
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 134-727, Korea
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Xu S, Xia W, Zohar Y, Gui JF. Zebrafish dmrta2 regulates the expression of cdkn2c in spermatogenesis in the adult testis. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:14. [PMID: 23175770 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact function of the doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor-like family a2 gene (dmrta2) has remained largely unknown possibly because of its functional redundancy with dmrta1 in most vertebrates. In this study, dmrta1 was demonstrated to likely be absent in the zebrafish genome, which facilitated our functional analysis of dmrta2 in this model organism. To analyze its gene function in embryos and adults, we generated a mutant form of Dmrta2 (R106Q, Dmrta2(RQ)) with its in vitro DNA-binding capacity abolished and a transgenic line for the inducible expression of this mutant Dmrta2(RQ) upon doxycycline (Dox) treatment. Preferential dmrta2 expression was detected in the developing brain during embryogenesis and in the adult testis. During embryogenesis, Dmrta2(RQ) expression caused severe embryonic development defects and dramatic expression changes of two telencephalic marker genes, fibroblast growth factor 8a (fgf8a), and empty spiracles homolog 1 (emx1). In adults, the inducible Dmrta2(RQ) expression occurred specifically in the adult testis and recapitulated the endogenous dmrta2 expression in this organ. Intriguingly, adult males expressing dmrta2(RQ) showed normal spermatogenesis and were fertile, but the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (cdkn2c), which is evolutionarily clustered with dmrta2, was significantly suppressed during spermatogenesis. Further protein-binding and promoter mutation analysis indicated that a putative Dmrta2-binding site on the cdkn2c promoter was required for sustaining the normal expression of cdkn2c during zebrafish spermatogenesis, suggesting that Dmrta2 might regulate the expression of cdkn2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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30
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Multiple cis-elements and trans-acting factors regulate dynamic spatio-temporal transcription of let-7 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Biol 2012. [PMID: 23201578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The let-7 microRNA (miRNA) is highly conserved across animal phyla and generally regulates cellular differentiation and developmental timing pathways. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the mature let-7 miRNA starts to accumulate in the last stages of larval development where it directs cellular differentiation programs required for adult fates. Here, we show that expression of the let-7 gene in C. elegans is under complex transcriptional control. The onset of let-7 transcription begins as early as the first larval stage in some tissues, and as late as the third larval stage in others, and is abrogated at the gravid adult stage. Transcription from two different start sites in the let-7 promoter oscillates during each larval stage. We show that transcription is regulated by two distinct cis-elements in the promoter of let-7, the previously described temporal regulatory element (TRE), and a novel element downstream of the TRE that we have named the let-7 transcription element (LTE). These elements play distinct and redundant roles in regulating let-7 expression in specific tissues. In the absence of the TRE and LTE, transcription of let-7 is undetectable and worms exhibit the lethal phenotype characteristic of let-7 null mutants. We also identify several genes that affect the transcription of let-7 generally and tissue-specifically. Overall, spatio-temporal regulation of let-7 transcription is orchestrated by multiple cis- and trans-acting factors to ensure appropriate expression of this essential miRNA during worm development.
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Parlier D, Moers V, Van Campenhout C, Preillon J, Leclère L, Saulnier A, Sirakov M, Busengdal H, Kricha S, Marine JC, Rentzsch F, Bellefroid EJ. The Xenopus doublesex-related gene Dmrt5 is required for olfactory placode neurogenesis. Dev Biol 2012; 373:39-52. [PMID: 23064029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Dmrt (doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor) genes encode a large family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors whose function in sex specific differentiation has been well studied in all animal lineages. In vertebrates, their function is not restricted to the developing gonads. For example, Xenopus Dmrt4 is essential for neurogenesis in the olfactory system. Here we have isolated and characterized Xenopus Dmrt5 and found that it is coexpressed with Dmrt4 in the developing olfactory placodes. As Dmrt4, Dmrt5 is positively regulated in the ectoderm by neural inducers and negatively by proneural factors. Both Dmrt5 and Dmrt4 genes are also activated by the combined action of the transcription factor Otx2, broadly transcribed in the head ectoderm and of Notch signaling, activated in the anterior neural ridge. As for Dmrt4, knockdown of Dmrt5 impairs neurogenesis in the embryonic olfactory system and in neuralized animal caps. Conversely, its overexpression promotes neuronal differentiation in animal caps, a property that requires the conserved C-terminal DMA and DMB domains. We also found that the sea anenome Dmrt4/5 related gene NvDmrtb also induces neurogenesis in Xenopus animal caps and that conversely, its knockdown in Nematostella reduces elav-1 positive neurons. Together, our data identify Dmrt5 as a novel important regulator of neurogenesis whose function overlaps with that of Dmrt4 during Xenopus olfactory system development. They also suggest that Dmrt may have had a role in neurogenesis in the last common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Parlier
- Laboratoire de Génétique du Développement, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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32
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Konno D, Iwashita M, Satoh Y, Momiyama A, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Matsuzaki F. The mammalian DM domain transcription factor Dmrta2 is required for early embryonic development of the cerebral cortex. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46577. [PMID: 23056351 PMCID: PMC3462758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the mammalian telencephalon is precisely organized by a combination of extracellular signaling events derived from signaling centers and transcription factor networks. Using gene expression profiling of the developing mouse dorsal telencephalon, we found that the DM domain transcription factor Dmrta2 (doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor a2) is involved in the development of the dorsal telencephalon. Consistent with its medial-high/lateral-low expression pattern in the dorsal telencephalon, Dmrta2 null mutants demonstrated a dramatic reduction in medial cortical structures such as the cortical hem and the choroid plexus, and a complete loss of the hippocampus. In this mutant, the dorsal telencephalon also showed a remarkable size reduction, in addition to abnormal cell cycle kinetics and defective patterning. In contrast, a conditional Dmrta2 deletion in the telencephalon, which was accomplished after entry into the neurogenic phase, resulted in only a slight reduction in telencephalon size and normal patterning. We also found that Dmrta2 expression was decreased by a dominant-negative Tcf and was increased by a stabilized β-catenin form. These data suggest that Dmrta2 plays pivotal roles in the early development of the telencephalon via the formation of the cortical hem, a source of Wnts, and also in the maintenance of neural progenitors as a downstream of the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Konno
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail: (DK); (FM)
| | - Misato Iwashita
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Satoh
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Asuka Momiyama
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuzaki
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail: (DK); (FM)
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Saulnier A, Keruzore M, De Clercq S, Bar I, Moers V, Magnani D, Walcher T, Filippis C, Kricha S, Parlier D, Viviani L, Matson CK, Nakagawa Y, Theil T, Götz M, Mallamaci A, Marine JC, Zarkower D, Bellefroid EJ. The doublesex homolog Dmrt5 is required for the development of the caudomedial cerebral cortex in mammals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:2552-67. [PMID: 22923088 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regional patterning of the cerebral cortex is initiated by morphogens secreted by patterning centers that establish graded expression of transcription factors within cortical progenitors. Here, we show that Dmrt5 is expressed in cortical progenitors in a high-caudomedial to low-rostrolateral gradient. In its absence, the cortex is strongly reduced and exhibits severe abnormalities, including agenesis of the hippocampus and choroid plexus and defects in commissural and thalamocortical tracts. Loss of Dmrt5 results in decreased Wnt and Bmp in one of the major telencephalic patterning centers, the dorsomedial telencephalon, and in a reduction of Cajal-Retzius cells. Expression of the dorsal midline signaling center-dependent transcription factors is downregulated, including Emx2, which promotes caudomedial fates, while the rostral determinant Pax6, which is inhibited by midline signals, is upregulated. Consistently, Dmrt5(-/-) brains exhibit patterning defects with a dramatic reduction of the caudomedial cortex. Dmrt5 is increased upon the activation of Wnt signaling and downregulated in Gli3(xt/xt) mutants. We conclude that Dmrt5 is a novel Wnt-dependent transcription factor required for early cortical development and that it may regulate initial cortical patterning by promoting dorsal midline signaling center formation and thereby helping to establish the graded expression of the other transcription regulators of cortical identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Saulnier
- Laboratoire de Génétique du Développement, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Gosselies, Belgium
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34
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Wagner E, Levine M. FGF signaling establishes the anterior border of the Ciona neural tube. Development 2012; 139:2351-9. [PMID: 22627287 DOI: 10.1242/dev.078485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Ciona tadpole is constructed from simple, well-defined cell lineages governed by provisional gene networks that have been defined via extensive gene disruption assays. Here, we examine the patterning of the anterior neural plate, which produces placodal derivatives such as the adhesive palps and stomodeum, as well as the sensory vesicle (simple brain) of the Ciona tadpole. Evidence is presented that the doublesex-related gene DMRT is expressed throughout the anterior neural plate of neurulating embryos. It leads to the activation of FoxC and ZicL in the palp placode and anterior neural tube, respectively. This differential expression depends on FGF signaling, which inhibits FoxC expression in the anterior neural tube. Inhibition of FGF signaling leads to expanded expression of FoxC, the loss of ZicL, and truncation of the anterior neural tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Wagner
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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