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Hua K, Liu D, Xu Q, Peng Y, Sun Y, He R, Luo R, Jin H. The role of hormones in the regulation of lactogenic immunity in porcine and bovine species. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 88:106851. [PMID: 38733944 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Colostrum and milk offer a complete diet and vital immune protection for newborn mammals with developing immune systems. High immunoglobulin levels in colostrum serve as the primary antibody source for newborn piglets and calves. Subsequent milk feeding support continued local antibody protection against enteric pathogens, as well as maturation of the developing immune system and provide nutrients for newborn growth. Mammals have evolved hormonal strategies that modulate the levels of immunoglobulins in colostrum and milk to facilitate effective lactational immunity. In addition, hormones regulate the gut-mammary gland-secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) axis in pregnant mammals, controlling the levels of sIgA in milk, which serves as the primary source of IgA for piglets and helps them resist pathogens such as PEDV and TGEV. In the present study, we review the existing studies on the interactions between hormones and the gut-mammary-sIgA axis/lactogenic immunity in mammals and explore the potential mechanisms of hormonal regulation that have not been studied in detail, to draw attention to the role of hormones in influencing the immune response of pregnant and lactating mammals and their offspring, and highlight the effect of hormones in regulating sIgA-mediated anti-infection processes in colostrum and milk. Discussion of the relationship between hormones and lactogenic immunity may lead to a better way of improving lactogenic immunity by determining a better injection time and developing new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qianshuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yuna Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Rongrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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2
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Chen T, Aly RSS, Shen Y, Tang S, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Chen X. The silent threat: Nanopolystyrene and chrysene pollutants disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier, new insights from juvenile Siniperca chuatsi. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172001. [PMID: 38552987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier-comprising microbial, mechanical, chemical, and immunological barriers-is critical to protection against pathogens and maintenance of host health; however, it remains unclear whether it is affected by environmental contaminants. Therefore, the present study assessed whether exposure to ambient concentrations of nanopolystyrene (NP) and chrysene (CHR)-two ubiquitous environmental pollutants in the aquatic environment-affect the intestinal mucosal barrier in juvenile Siniperca chuatsi. After exposure for 21 days, S. chuatsi exhibited intestinal oxidative stress and imbalance of intestinal microbial homeostasis. NP and/or CHR exposure also disrupted the intestinal mechanical barrier, as evidenced by the altered intestinal epithelial cell morphology, disrupted structure of intercellular tight junctions, and decreased expression of tight junction proteins. Damage to the intestinal chemical barrier manifested as thinning of the mucus layer owing to the loss and damage of goblet cells. Furthermore, the intestinal immunological barrier was impaired as indicated by the loss of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immunoglobulins. These findings collectively suggest that the intestinal mucosal barrier was damaged. This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to report that exposure to NP and/or CHR at environmentally relevant concentrations disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier in organisms and highlight the significance of nanoplastic/CHR pollution for intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Rahma Sakina Said Aly
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yawei Shen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Shoujie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jinliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Li J, Ramzan F, Zhong G. Investigating novel biomarkers in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma: in silico analysis and clinical specimens validation via RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4376-4400. [PMID: 37818076 PMCID: PMC10560950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence and mortality rate of Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC) pose significant health concerns. CC and CXC chemokines have been linked to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recognizing the growing significance of CC and CXC chemokines' diagnostic and prognostic significance in diverse cancer types, our objective was to comprehensively analyze the diagnostic and prognostic values of hub genes from the CC and CXC chemokines in UCEC, utilizing both in silico and clinical samples and cell lines-based approaches. In silico analyses include STRING, Cytoscape, Cytohubba, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets analysis via the UALCAN, GEPIA, OncoDB, and MuTarget, SurvivalGenie, MEXPRESS, cBioPoratal, TIMER, ENCORI, and DrugBank. Meanwhile, clinical samples and cell lines based analyses include Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), targeted bisulfite sequencing (bisulfite-seq) analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Through present study, we identified CCL25 (CC motif chemokine ligand 25), CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12), and CXCL16 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16) as crucial hub genes among the CC and CXC chemokines. Analyzing the expression data from TCGA, we observed a significant up-regulation of CCL25, CXCL10, and CXCL16 in UCEC samples compared to controls. In contrast, we noted a significant down-regulation of CXCL12 expression in UCEC samples. On clinical UCEC samples and cell lines analysis, the significant higher expression of CCL25, CXCL10, and CXCL16 and significant lower expression of CXCL12 were also denoted in UCEC samples than the controls via RT-qPCR and IHC analyses. Moreover, in silico analysis also confirmed the abnormal promoter methylation levels of the hub genes in TCGA UCEC samples, which was later validated by the clinical samples using targeted based bisulfite-seq analysis. In addition, various additional aspects of the CCL25, CXCL10, CXCL12, and CXCL16 have also been uncovered in UCEC during the present study. Our findings offer novel insights that contribute to the clinical utility of CCL25, CXCL10, CXCL12, and CXCL16 chemokines as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Faiqah Ramzan
- Gomal Center of Bio-Chemistry and Biotechnology (GCBB), Gomal UniversityDera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Guiping Zhong
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311, Hainan, China
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Sánchez-Ramos R, Trujano-Chavez MZ, Gallegos-Sánchez J, Becerril-Pérez CM, Cadena-Villegas S, Cortez-Romero C. Detection of Candidate Genes Associated with Fecundity through Genome-Wide Selection Signatures of Katahdin Ewes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020272. [PMID: 36670812 PMCID: PMC9854690 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies to genetically improve reproductive traits, despite their low inheritability, has been the identification of candidate genes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to detect candidate genes associated with fecundity through the fixation index (FST) and runs of homozygosity (ROH) of selection signatures in Katahdin ewes. Productive and reproductive records from three years were used and the genotypes (OvineSNP50K) of 48 Katahdin ewes. Two groups of ewes were identified to carry out the genetic comparison: with high fecundity (1.3 ± 0.03) and with low fecundity (1.1 ± 0.06). This study shows for the first time evidence of the influence of the CNOT11, GLUD1, GRID1, MAPK8, and CCL28 genes in the fecundity of Katahdin ewes; in addition, new candidate genes were detected for fecundity that were not reported previously in ewes but that were detected for other species: ANK2 (sow), ARHGAP22 (cow and buffalo cow), GHITM (cow), HERC6 (cow), DPF2 (cow), and TRNAC-GCA (buffalo cow, bull). These new candidate genes in ewes seem to have a high expression in reproduction. Therefore, future studies are needed focused on describing the physiological basis of changes in the reproductive behavior influenced by these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Sánchez-Ramos
- Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
| | | | - Jaime Gallegos-Sánchez
- Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
| | - Carlos Miguel Becerril-Pérez
- Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
- Agroecosistemas Tropicales, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Veracruz, Carretera Xalapa-Veracruz Km. 88.5, Manlio Favio Altamirano, Veracruz 91690, Mexico
| | - Said Cadena-Villegas
- Producción Agroalimentaria en Trópico, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Tabasco, Periférico Carlos A. Molina, Ranchería Rio Seco y Montaña, Heroica Cárdenas 86500, Mexico
| | - César Cortez-Romero
- Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
- Innovación en Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Agustín de Iturbide No. 73, Salinas de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí 78622, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5959-520-200 (ext. 4000)
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Chen L, Zhang S, Shen Y, Qi L, Zhang Z, Tian H, Zou Z. Thymus‑expressed chemokine secreted by breast cancer cells promotes metastasis and inhibits apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1875-1884. [PMID: 32323823 PMCID: PMC7160534 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK) autocrine signaling, and its effect on carcinogenesis and the development of breast cancer. The present study also assessed epithelial-mensenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis. Breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were used in the present study, and TECK basic expression in cancer cells was investigated using western blotting (WB). EMT markers, Akt pathway molecules and apoptosis indicators were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR or WB. In order to assess migration and invasion, wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays were performed. Moreover, flow cytometry was used to assess the rate of proliferation and apoptosis. In vivo experiments were conducted in nude mice to assess cancer growth. It was revealed that breast cancer cells could secrete TECK in an autocrine manner. Furthermore, TECK could increase cell migration and invasion by promoting EMT and inhibit apoptosis via the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Linzeng Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolin Zhang
- Department of Special Examination, Penglai People's Hospital, Penglai, Shandong 265600, P.R. China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhigeng Zou
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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6
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Hine BC, Hunt PW, Colditz IG. Production and active transport of immunoglobulins within the ruminant mammary gland. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 211:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Gary EN, Kutzler MA. Defensive Driving: Directing HIV-1 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity to the Mucosa with Chemokine Adjuvants. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3734207. [PMID: 30648120 PMCID: PMC6311813 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3734207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A myriad of pathogens gain access to the host via the mucosal route; thus, vaccinations that protect against mucosal pathogens are critical. Pathogens such as HIV, HSV, and influenza enter the host at mucosal sites such as the intestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts. All currently licensed vaccines mediate protection by inducing the production of antibodies which can limit pathogen replication at the site of infection. Unfortunately, parenteral vaccination rarely induces the production of an antigen-specific antibody at mucosal surfaces and thus relies on transudation of systemically generated antibody to mucosal surfaces to mediate protection. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) consist of a complex network of immune organs and tissues that orchestrate the interaction between the host, commensal microbes, and pathogens at these surfaces. This complexity necessitates strict control of the entry and exit of lymphocytes in the MALT. This control is mediated by chemoattractant chemokines or cytokines which recruit immune cells expressing the cognate receptors and adhesion molecules. Exploiting mucosal chemokine trafficking pathways to mobilize specific subsets of lymphocytes to mucosal tissues in the context of vaccination has improved immunogenicity and efficacy in preclinical models. This review describes the novel use of MALT chemokines as vaccine adjuvants. Specific attention will be placed upon the use of such adjuvants to enhance HIV-specific mucosal humoral immunity in the context of prophylactic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony N. Gary
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Gerdts V, Zakhartchouk A. Vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and other swine coronaviruses. Vet Microbiol 2016; 206:45-51. [PMID: 27964998 PMCID: PMC7117160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Swine coronaviruses responsible for significant economic losses to the swine industry. Vaccines available only for TGEV and PEDV. Types of vaccines include inactivated, live attenuated, recombinant, vectored and DNA vaccines. Most vaccines aim to induce lactogenic immunity by immunizing sows at the end of gestation.
The recent introduction of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) into the North American swine herd has highlighted again the need for effective vaccines for swine coronaviruses. While vaccines for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) have been available to producers around the world for a long time, effective vaccines for PEDV and deltacoronaviruses were only recently developed or are still in development. Here, we review existing vaccine technologies for swine coronaviruses and highlight promising technologies which may help to control these important viruses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E3, Canada.
| | - Alexander Zakhartchouk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E3, Canada
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9
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Chen HJ, Sun J, Huang Z, Hou H, Arcilla M, Rakhilin N, Joe DJ, Choi J, Gadamsetty P, Milsom J, Nandakumar G, Longman R, Zhou XK, Edwards R, Chen J, Chen KY, Bu P, Wang L, Xu Y, Munroe R, Abratte C, Miller AD, Gümüş ZH, Shuler M, Nishimura N, Edelmann W, Shen X, Lipkin SM. Comprehensive models of human primary and metastatic colorectal tumors in immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice by chemokine targeting. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 33:656-60. [PMID: 26006007 PMCID: PMC4532544 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Current orthotopic xenograft models of human colorectal cancer (CRC) require surgery and do not robustly form metastases in the liver, the most common site clinically. CCR9 traffics lymphocytes to intestine and colorectum. We engineered use of the chemokine receptor CCR9 in CRC cell lines and patient-derived cells to create primary gastrointestinal (GI) tumors in immunodeficient mice by tail-vein injection rather than surgery. The tumors metastasize inducibly and robustly to the liver. Metastases have higher DKK4 and NOTCH signaling levels and are more chemoresistant than paired subcutaneous xenografts. Using this approach, we generated 17 chemokine-targeted mouse models (CTMMs) that recapitulate the majority of common human somatic CRC mutations. We also show that primary tumors can be modeled in immunocompetent mice by microinjecting CCR9-expressing cancer cell lines into early-stage mouse blastocysts, which induces central immune tolerance. We expect that CTMMs will facilitate investigation of the biology of CRC metastasis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Harry Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Myra Arcilla
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nikolai Rakhilin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daniel J Joe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jiahn Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Poornima Gadamsetty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jeff Milsom
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Govind Nandakumar
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy Longman
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Edwards
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jonlin Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kai Yuan Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Pengcheng Bu
- 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. [2] School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yitian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robert Munroe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christian Abratte
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- 1] Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Shuler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. [2] School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Li MQ, Wang Y, Chang KK, Meng YH, Liu LB, Mei J, Wang Y, Wang XQ, Jin LP, Li DJ. CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell differentiation mediated by endometrial stromal cell-derived TECK promotes the growth and invasion of endometriotic lesions. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1436. [PMID: 25275597 PMCID: PMC4649519 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is associated with an abnormal immune response to endometrial cells, which can facilitate the implantation and proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissue. The proportion of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) is significantly increased in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. The thymus-expressed chemokine TECK/CCL25 directly promotes the invasiveness of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ESC-derived TECK on the crosstalk between Tregs and ESCs in the progress of endometriosis. We determined that the percentage of Tregs and the concentration of TECK increased in the peritoneal fluid with the progression of endometriosis. The supernatant from co-cultured human ESCs and macrophages not only induced Treg differentiation and increased Treg expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and CD73 by activating the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway but also repressed Treg apoptosis by downregulating Fas and FasL expression and enhanced the Treg-mediated suppression of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. In addition, in vitro and in vivo trials confirmed that these effects could be inhibited by anti-TECK neutralizing Abs. The secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β by Tregs increased MMP2 expression and decreased TIMP1 expression and further stimulated the proliferation and invasion of ESCs and the growth of ectopic lesions. These results indicate that TECK derived from ESCs and macrophages upregulates the number and function of Tregs in the ectopic milieu, which contributes to endometriotic immunotolerance and high levels of ESC proliferation and invasion, thereby facilitating the progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Q Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - K-K Chang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-H Meng
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - L-B Liu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Soochow University, WuXi, China
| | - J Mei
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - X-Q Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - L-P Jin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - D-J Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Ullah M, Eucker J, Sittinger M, Ringe J. Mesenchymal stem cells and their chondrogenic differentiated and dedifferentiated progeny express chemokine receptor CCR9 and chemotactically migrate toward CCL25 or serum. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:99. [PMID: 23958031 PMCID: PMC3854782 DOI: 10.1186/scrt310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Guided migration of chondrogenically differentiated cells has not been well studied, even though it may be critical for growth, repair, and regenerative processes. The chemokine CCL25 is believed to play a critical role in the directional migration of leukocytes and stem cells. To investigate the motility effect of serum- or CCL25-mediated chemotaxis on chondrogenically differentiated cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were induced to chondrogenic lineage cells. Methods MSC-derived chondrogenically differentiated cells were characterized for morphology, histology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), surface profile, and serum- or CCL25-mediated cell migration. Additionally, the chemokine receptor, CCR9, was examined in different states of MSCs. Results The chondrogenic differentiated state of MSCs was positive for collagen type II and Alcian blue staining, and showed significantly upregulated expression of COL2A1and SOX9, and downregulated expression of CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166, in contrast to the undifferentiated and dedifferentiated states of MSCs. For the chondrogenic differentiated, undifferentiated, and dedifferentiated states of MSCs, the serum-mediated chemotaxis was in a percentage ratio of 33%:84%:85%, and CCL25-mediated chemotaxis was in percentage ratio of 12%:14%:13%, respectively. On the protein level, CCR9, receptor of CCL25, was expressed in the form of extracellular and intracellular domains. On the gene level, qPCR confirmed the expression of CCR9 in different states of MSCs. Conclusions CCL25 is an effective cue to guide migration in a directional way. In CCL25-mediated chemotaxis, the cell-migration rate was almost the same for different states of MSCs. In serum-mediated chemotaxis, the cell-migration rate of chondrogenically differentiated cells was significantly lower than that in undifferentiated or dedifferentiated cells. Current knowledge of the surface CD profile and cell migration could be beneficial for regenerative cellular therapies.
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Rakus KŁ, Irnazarow I, Adamek M, Palmeira L, Kawana Y, Hirono I, Kondo H, Matras M, Steinhagen D, Flasz B, Brogden G, Vanderplasschen A, Aoki T. Gene expression analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) lines during Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infection yields insights into differential immune responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 37:65-76. [PMID: 22212509 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is the etiological agent of a virulent and lethal disease in common and koi carp. This study aimed to determine the genetic basis underlying the common carp immune response to the CyHV-3 virus. Two common carp lines (R3 and K) were infected with CyHV-3 by immersion. The R3 line presented a 20% higher survival rate compared to the K line and significantly lower viral loads as measured at day 3 post infection (p.i.). Microarray analysis using a common carp slides containing a number of 10,822 60-mer probes, revealed that 581 genes in line K (330 up-regulated, 251 down-regulated) and 107 genes in line R3 (77 up-regulated, 30 down-regulated), showed at least a 2-fold difference in expression at day 3 p.i. compared to day 0. Genes which showed at least a 4-fold difference in expression in both lines were selected as potential markers of a CyHV-3 infection in common carp. Additionally, 76 genes showed at least 2-fold differentially expression between K and R3 lines at day 3 p.i. Significantly higher expression of several immune-related genes including number of those which are involve in pathogen recognition, complement activation, MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation and development of adaptive mucosal immunity was noted in more resistant R3 line. Further real-time PCR based analysis provided evidence for higher activation of CD8(+) T cells in R3 line. This study uncovered wide array of immune-related genes involved into antiviral response of common carp toward CyHV-3. It is also demonstrated that the outcome of this severe disease in large extent could be controlled by genetic factors of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Ł Rakus
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology & Aquaculture in Gołysz, Kalinowa 2, 43-520 Chybie, Poland
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Benefits of pregnant sheep immunostimulation with Corynebacterium cutis on post-partum and early newborn's life IgG levels, stillbirth rate and lamb's weight. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang Y, Yu J, Luo X, Wang X, Li M, Wang L, Li D. Abnormal regulation of chemokine TECK and its receptor CCR9 in the endometriotic milieu is involved in pathogenesis of endometriosis by way of enhancing invasiveness of endometrial stromal cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 7:51-60. [PMID: 20081876 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2009.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK), which regulates T-cell development and tissue-specific homing, has been identified as a potential contributor to the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD), an air pollutant, and estrogen also appear to be involved in endometriosis. Both endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and the combination of 17beta-estradiol and TCDD increase the secretion of TECK in the endometriosis-associated cells and promote the invasiveness of ESCs by increasing expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Anti-TECK neutralizing antibodies can effectively inhibit the invasiveness of ESCs and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cells. Interestingly, the expression of chemokine C receptor 9 (CCR9) and its ligand TECK increases significantly in the endometriotic milieu of patients with endometriosis. Therefore, the over-expressed TECK interacts with CCR9 on the ESCs in the endometriotic milieu, which may contribute to the onset and progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
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Salmon H, Berri M, Gerdts V, Meurens F. Humoral and cellular factors of maternal immunity in swine. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:384-93. [PMID: 18761034 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins cannot cross the placenta in pregnant sows. Neonatal pigs are therefore agammaglobulinemic at birth and, although immunocompetent, they cannot mount rapid immune responses at systemic and mucosal sites. Their survival depends directly on the acquisition of maternal immunity via colostrum and milk. Protection by maternal immunity is mediated by a number of factors, including specific systemic humoral immunity, involving mostly maternal IgG transferred from blood to colostrum and typically absorbed within the first 36 h of life. Passive mucosal immunity involves local humoral immunity, including the production of secretory IgA (sIgA), which is transferred principally via milk until weaning. The mammary gland (MG) produces sIgA, which is, then secreted into the milk via the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) of epithelial cells. These antibodies are produced in response to intestinal and respiratory antigens, including pathogens and commensal organisms. Protection is also mediated by cellular immunity, which is transferred via maternal cells present in mammary secretions. The mechanisms underlying the various immunological links between MG and the mucosal surfaces involve hormonally regulated addressins and chemokines specific to these compartments. The enhancement of colostrogenic immunity depends on the stimulation of systemic immunity, whereas the enhancement of lactogenic immunity depends on appropriate stimulation at induction sites, an increase in cell trafficking from the gut and upper respiratory tract to the MG and, possibly, enhanced immunoglobulin production at the effector site and secretion in milk. In addition, mammary secretions provide factors other than immunoglobulins that protect the neonate and regulate the development of mucosal immunity--a key element of postnatal adaptation to environmental antigens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement
- Colostrum/cytology
- Colostrum/immunology
- Colostrum/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Hormones/immunology
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/immunology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Fc/immunology
- Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin/immunology
- Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin/metabolism
- Swine/embryology
- Swine/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Salmon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Lymphocytes et Immunité des Muqueuses UR1282, Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique F-37380, Nouzilly (Tours), France.
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Bourges D, Meurens F, Berri M, Chevaleyre C, Zanello G, Levast B, Melo S, Gerdts V, Salmon H. New insights into the dual recruitment of IgA+ B cells in the developing mammary gland. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:3354-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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McNeilly T, McClure S, Huntley J. Mucosal immunity in sheep and implications for mucosal vaccine development. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Nerve growth factor stimulates proliferation, adhesion and thymopoietic cytokine expression in mouse thymic epithelial cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 147:72-81. [PMID: 18276023 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells, which constitute a major component of the thymic microenvironment, provide a crucial signal for intrathymic T cell development and selection. Neuroimmune networks in the thymic microenvironment are thought to be involved in the regulation of T cell development. NGF is increasingly recognized as a potent immunomodulator, promoting "cross-talk" between various types of immune system cells. The present study clearly shows that NGF stimulates mouse thymic epithelial cell activities in vitro including cell proliferation, thymocyte adhesion to thymic epithelial cells, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and thymopoietic factors including IL-7, GM-CSF, SDF-1, TARC and TECK. Thus, our data are of considerable clinical importance showing that trophic NGF activity could be used to enhance the thymus regeneration and develop methods to improve host immunity when the immune function is depressed due to thymic involution.
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Thiry J, Tempesta M, Camero M, Tarsitano E, Muylkens B, Meurens F, Thiry E, Buonavoglia C. Clinical protection against caprine herpesvirus 1 genital infection by intranasal administration of a live attenuated glycoprotein E negative bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2007; 3:33. [PMID: 18053233 PMCID: PMC2222256 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-3-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) is responsible of systemic diseases in kids and genital diseases leading to abortions in goats. CpHV-1 is widespread and especially in Mediterranean countries as Greece, Italy and Spain. CpHV-1 is antigenically and genetically closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Taking into account the biological properties shared by these two viruses, we decided in the current study to assess the protection of a live attenuated glycoprotein E (gE) negative BoHV-1 vaccine against a genital CpHV-1 infection in goats. Results The vaccine was inoculated intranasally twice three weeks apart followed by a subsequent CpHV-1 intravaginal challenge which is the natural route of infection in three goats. To analyse the safety and the efficacy of this marker vaccine, two groups of three goats served as controls: one immunised with a virulent CpHV-1 and one uninoculated until the challenge. Goats were clinically monitored and all sampling procedures were carried out in a blind manner. The vaccine did not induce any undesirable local or systemic reaction and goats did not excrete gE-negative BoHV-1. After challenge, a significant reduction in disease severity was observed in immunised goats. Moreover, goats immunised with either gE-negative BoHV-1 or CpHV-1 exhibited a significant reduction in the length and the peak of viral excretion. Antibodies neutralising both BoHV-1 and CpHV-1 were raised in immunised goats. Conclusion Intranasal application of a live attenuated gE-negative BoHV-1 vaccine is able to afford a clinical protection and a reduction of virus excretion in goats challenged by a CpHV-1 genital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Thiry
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
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Meurens F, Berri M, Siggers RH, Willing BP, Salmon H, Van Kessel AG, Gerdts V. Commensal bacteria and expression of two major intestinal chemokines, TECK/CCL25 and MEC/CCL28, and their receptors. PLoS One 2007; 2:e677. [PMID: 17653288 PMCID: PMC1919421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCL25/TECK and CCL28/MEC are CC chemokines primarily expressed in thymic dendritic cells and mucosal epithelial cells. Their receptors, CCR9 and CCR10, are mainly expressed on T and B lymphocytes. In human, mouse, pig and sheep CCL25 and CCL28 play an important role in the segregation and the compartmentalization of the mucosal immune system. As evidenced by early comparisons of germ-free and conventional animals, the intestinal bacterial microflora has a marked effect on host intestinal immune functions. However, little is known about the impact of bacterial colonization on constitutive and induced chemokine expressions as well as on the generation of anti-inflammatory mechanisms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Therefore, we decided to focus by qPCR on the mRNA expression of two main gut chemokines, CCL25 and CCL28, their receptors CCR9 and CCR10, the Tregs marker Foxp3 and anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-beta and IL-10 following colonization with different bacterial species within the small intestine. To accomplish this we used an original germ-free neonatal pig model and monoassociated pigs with a representative Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) or Gram-positive (Lactobacillus fermentum) commensal bacteria commonly isolated from the neonatal pig intestine. Our results show a consistent and marked effect of microbial colonization on the mRNA expression of intestinal chemokines, chemokine receptors, Foxp3 and TGF-beta. Moreover, as evidenced by in vitro experiments using two different cell lines, the pattern of regulation of CCL25 and CCL28 expression in the gut appears complex and suggests an additional role for in vivo factors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, the results highlight the key role of bacterial microflora in the development of a functional intestinal immune system in an elegant and relevant model for human immune system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Meurens
- Lymphocyte et Immunité des Muqueuses, UR 1282, Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France.
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Bourges D, Chevaleyre C, Wang C, Berri M, Zhang X, Nicaise L, Meurens F, Salmon H. Differential expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines between nasal and small intestinal mucosae: implications for T- and sIgA+ B-lymphocyte recruitment. Immunology 2007; 122:551-61. [PMID: 17635614 PMCID: PMC2266035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal and small intestinal mucosae are the first sites of contact with infectious agents and the sites of T-cell-mediated and secreted immunoglobulin A (IgA)-mediated defences against pathogens. We investigated the factors controlling the infiltration of CD3(+) T lymphocytes and surface IgA(+) (sIgA(+)) B lymphocytes into swine epithelium and lamina propria (LP) within and between these two mucosal effector sites. Vascular addressins, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 were reciprocally expressed in both mucosae. Strong expression of alpha(4)beta(1) relative to alpha(4)beta(7) was characteristic of CD3(+) T cells in nasal mucosa LP and epithelium and of sIgA(+) cells in nasal mucosa epithelium. The same profile was observed on corresponding blood cells. Conversely, higher levels of integrins beta(7) and alpha(4)beta(7) than alpha(4)beta(1) were characteristic of CD3(+) T cells and sIgA(+) cells in the small intestine. However, about 40% of the LP-activated sIgA(+) cells displayed sIgA(high), integrin alpha(4) and integrin alpha(4) expression. Whereas CCL19, CXCL12, CCL21 and CCL28 messenger RNAs were similarly expressed in both mucosae, CCL25 messenger RNA was only expressed in the small intestine. Thus, the nasal and small intestine mucosae represent separate compartments for infiltration by CD3(+) T cells and sIgA(+) effector cells, with the exception of a population of small intestine activated sIgA(+) cells, which may gain access to both mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Bourges
- UR1282, Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, IASP, Nouzilly, France
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Levy O. Innate immunity of the newborn: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7:379-90. [PMID: 17457344 DOI: 10.1038/nri2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 844] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The fetus and newborn face a complex set of immunological demands, including protection against infection, avoidance of harmful inflammatory immune responses that can lead to pre-term delivery, and balancing the transition from a sterile intra-uterine environment to a world that is rich in foreign antigens. These demands shape a distinct neonatal innate immune system that is biased against the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This bias renders newborns at risk of infection and impairs responses to many vaccines. This Review describes innate immunity in newborns and discusses how this knowledge might be used to prevent and treat infection in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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