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Fristad I, Haug S, Bårdsen A. Biological properties versus solubility of endodontic sealers and cements. Biomater Investig Dent 2024; 11:40863. [PMID: 38903777 PMCID: PMC11187977 DOI: 10.2340/biid.v11.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic sealers and cements used in root canal treatment have different compositions and properties. Common to all materials is that their primary goal is to fill gaps and voids, making a permanent seal of the root canal system. Furthermore, aspects such as antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, setting time, solubility and biocompatibility are also crucial and ought to be considered. Over the years, a shift in the view on the importance of these aspects has ocurred. Whereas the antibacterial properties were considered important when the technical factors in endodontics were less developed, the sealing ability and biocompatibility have later been considered the most critical factors. The introduction of tricalcium silicate cements and sealers has led to a renewed interest in material properties, as these cements seem to have good sealing ability and at the same time combine favourable antimicrobial effects with excellent biocompatibility. This review discusses how the various properties of root canal sealers and cements may conflict with the primary aim of providing a permanent seal of the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sivakami Haug
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asgeir Bårdsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Al-Askary RA, AL-Ashou WM, Al-Jubori SH. Remineralization ability of different root canal sealers. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:1014-1022. [PMID: 38170034 PMCID: PMC10759546 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims This research was designed to contrast the biocompatibility and remineralization ability of different sealers (BioRoot, MTA-FillApex and GuttaFlow-Bioseal). Method Twenty rabbits were used in this study, they were randomly divided into 4 groups equally depending on the observation time"3,7,14, and 28 days" post-implantation. Each rabbit was generally anesthetized,"7cm"long incision was made on the skin of the right and left sides of the ventral aspect of the mandible of each rabbit, 4 bony cavities of approximately"5mm"in depth and"2mm"in diameter (2 cavities on the left side and 2 cavities on the right side of mandible of each rabbit) were made in the cortical surface of the buccal alveolar bone. The sealers mixed depend on manufactural instructions and immediately insert into the prepared cavities (in the right side the BioRoot and MTA-FillApex were placed while on the left side, GuttaFlow-Bioseal was placed in one cavity and the other cavity was left unfilled as control).The same volume of each sealer was placed in the corresponding cavity using disposable syringes. After each observation period, the animals were sacrificed and bone biopsy from the tested area was taken and examined histologically using Olympus light microscopy at"400X"magnification. Results The obtained data were analyzed through non-parametric statistical tests using SPSS software version"22".Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann - Whitney test were utilized at"0.05"levels of significance to evaluate the results. GuttaFlow-Bioseal displayed excellent biocompatibility in comparison to other groups indicated by low inflammatory tissue reaction at all evaluation intervals. While the BioRoot group represented better osteo-conductivity although statistically not significant than GuttaFlow-Bioseal group. Conclusion BioRoot and GuttaFlow-Bioseal showed higher osteo-conductivity and biocompatibility than MTA-FillApex. However, all sealer used in this study were well tolerated by bone tissue and might accelerate bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad A Al-Askary
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Wiaam M.O. AL-Ashou
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Sawsan H. Al-Jubori
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Bae KB, Choi Y, Lee BN, Chang HS, Hwang IN, Oh WM, Hwang YC. A comparison of osteogenic effect of newly manufactured calcium silicate-based sealers in vitro. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:860-867. [PMID: 37914232 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of different calcium silicate-based root canal sealers (CSRS) on osteogenic effect in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). hPDLCs were cultured in a medium containing extract of 5 types of CSRS. The specimens were assessed by the cell cytotoxicity test, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diluted concentrations of extracted solutions had no significant effect on the viability of hPDLCs. There was a statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression level of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) among some groups. The protein expressions of BSP, OCN, and RUNX2 were significantly higher in some groups compared to the control group. The CSRS did not interfere with the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, compared to the control group. CSRS are shown to have biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation effect on hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kkot-Byeol Bae
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Yoorina Choi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Hoon-Sang Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
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Nanomaterials Application in Endodontics. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185296. [PMID: 34576522 PMCID: PMC8464804 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanomaterials have become increasingly present in medicine, especially in dentistry. Their characteristics are proving to be very useful in clinical cases. Due to the intense research in the field of biomaterials and nanotechnology, the efficacy and possibilities of dental procedures have immensely expanded over the years. The nano size of materials allows them to exhibit properties not present in their larger-in-scale counterparts. The medical procedures in endodontics are time-consuming and mostly require several visits to be able to achieve the proper result. In this field of dentistry, there are still major issues about the removal of the mostly bacterial infection from the dental root canals. It has been confirmed that nanoparticles are much more efficient than traditional materials and appear to have superior properties when it comes to surface chemistry and bonding. Their unique antibacterial properties are also promising features in every medical procedure, especially in endodontics. High versatility of use of nanomaterials makes them a powerful tool in dental clinics, in a plethora of endodontic procedures, including pulp regeneration, drug delivery, root repair, disinfection, obturation and canal filling. This study focuses on summing up the current knowledge about the utility of nanomaterials in endodontics, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and provides a number of reasons why research in this field should be continued.
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Drukteinis S, Drukteiniene A, Drukteinis L, Martens LC, Rajasekharan S. Flowable Urethane Dimethacrylate-Based Filler for Root Canal Obturation in Primary Molars: A Pilot SEM and microCT Assessment. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020060. [PMID: 33498353 PMCID: PMC7909394 DOI: 10.3390/children8020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulpectomy in deciduous teeth involves endodontic access opening, root canal debridement and obturation with an appropriate filling material. EndoREZ (ER) is the urethane dimethacrylate-based filler, which can be used for root canal obturation in permanent and primary teeth. This observation aimed to evaluate the behavior of the ER as a filler in root canals of two primary molars after the physiological resorption process using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (µCT) in second lower molars after their natural exfoliation. The SEM analysis revealed a non-uniform, porous and lacunary structure of ER, visually similar to the resorbed surface of the dentine. The µCT observations demonstrated the differences in the resorption level of the root and material surfaces. The preliminary observations suggest that ER is resorbed faster than root tissues and can therefore be a suitable material for the root canal filling in primary teeth. However, more investigations are needed to support these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Drukteinis
- Institute of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University, Zalgirio 115, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-610-41808
| | - Audra Drukteiniene
- Children’s Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 7, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Lesbia Drukteinis
- Department of Growth, Development and Structure, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Southern Illinois University, School of Dental Medicine, Alton, IL 62002, USA;
| | - Luc C. Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Ghent University School of Oral Health Sciences, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.C.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Sivaprakash Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Ghent University School of Oral Health Sciences, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.C.M.); (S.R.)
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Aslan T, Dönmez Özkan H. The effect of two calcium silicate-based and one epoxy resin-based root canal sealer on postoperative pain: a randomized controlled trial. Int Endod J 2020; 54:190-197. [PMID: 32929721 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of two calcium silicate-based (Endoseal MTA and EndoSequence BC Sealer) and an epoxy resin-based (AH Plus) root canal sealer on postoperative pain following single-visit root canal treatment on molar teeth. METHODOLOGY Patients (n = 90) having one first or second molar tooth diagnosed with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis were randomly divided into three groups according to the sealer used (n = 30) and were treated by two endodontists having at least 10 years of experience. All patients received a single-visit root canal treatment. After the treatments, postoperative pain scores and analgesic intake were recorded at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, and 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days. The data were analysed statistically using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests (for the comparisons of the age and VAS scores), Friedman tests (for the assessments of the changes in pain scores over time), chi-squared tests (for the comparisons of categorical variables) and Spearman's correlation test (for the correlation assessments of the age and gender factors with postoperative pain; α = 0.05). RESULTS There were no significant differences amongst the groups in terms of postoperative pain at any time-points assessed (P > 0.05) nor for analgesic intake of patients amongst the groups (P > 0.05). Analgesic intake decreased significantly after 12 h in all groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The sealers tested in this study were associated with similar levels of postoperative pain and were associated with a similar intake of analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - H Dönmez Özkan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Turkey
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Silva EJ, Hecksher F, Vieira VT, Vivan RR, Duarte MA, Brasil SC, Antunes HS. Cytotoxicity, antibacterial and physicochemical properties of a new epoxy resin-based endodontic sealer containing calcium hydroxide. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e533-e539. [PMID: 32665811 PMCID: PMC7335608 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and physicochemical properties of a new epoxy resin-based endodontic sealer containing calcium-hydroxide Sealer Plus. AH Plus was used as a reference for comparison.
Material and Methods Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed according to ISO-10993-5 specifications using MTT assay to check the 3T3 cells viability at 1- to 4-week periods. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using a direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis. Radiopacity, solubility and flow evaluations were performed according to ISO-6876/2012 specifications. Setting time was assessed following the ANSI/ADA-standard-n.57. The pH level was measured at 3,24,48,72, and 168 hours. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test. The significance level adopted was P<0.05.
Results AH Plus and Sealer Plus showed cytotoxic effects after 24 hours and 1 week of manipulation and become noncytotoxic after 2 weeks. No differences were observed in the cytotoxicity of both tested sealers (P>0.05). Direct contact results revealed that both freshly prepared sealers has antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis. However, after 7 days both sealers had lost much of their antibacterial effects. Although AH Plus presented higher radiopacity and flow than Sealer Plus (P<0.05), both sealers showed minimum required values. No differences were observed in the solubility of both sealers (P>0.05). AH Plus showed a higher setting time when compared to Sealer Plus (P<0.05). AH Plus and Sealer Plus showed a neutral pH during all tested periods (P<0.05).
Conclusions It can be concluded that Sealer Plus showed suitable properties to be used as an endodontic sealer, comparable with those obtained by AH Plus. Key words:Cytotoxicity, root canal filling materials, root canal obturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hecksher
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor T Vieira
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Vivan
- Department of Endodontics, São Paulo University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A Duarte
- Department of Endodontics, São Paulo University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C Brasil
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique S Antunes
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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Fonseca DA, Paula AB, Marto CM, Coelho A, Paulo S, Martinho JP, Carrilho E, Ferreira MM. Biocompatibility of Root Canal Sealers: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244113. [PMID: 31818038 PMCID: PMC6947586 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1) Aim: To perform a systematic review of the literature on the biocompatibility of root canal sealers that encompasses the various types of sealers that are commercially available as well as both in vitro and in vivo evidence. (2) Methods: This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (ID 140445) and was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies published between 2000 and 11 June 2019 that evaluated cytotoxicity (cell viability/proliferation) and biocompatibility (tissue response) of root canal sealers were included. (3) Results: From a total of 1249 studies, 73 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies were included. In general, studies suggest that root canal sealers elicit mild to severe toxic effects and that several factors may influence biocompatibility, e.g., material setting condition and time, material concentration, and type of exposure. Bioactive endodontic sealers seem to exhibit a lower toxic potential in vitro. (4) Conclusions: The available evidence shows that root canal sealers exhibit variable toxic potential at the cellular and tissue level. However, the methodological heterogeneity among studies included in this systematic review and the somewhat conflicting results do not allow a conclusion on which type of sealer presents higher biocompatibility. Further research is crucial to achieve a better understanding of the biological effects of root canal sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Afonso Fonseca
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-249-151
| | - Anabela Baptista Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Siri Paulo
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - José Pedro Martinho
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
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Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Endodontic Pins on L929 Cell Line. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3469525. [PMID: 31815131 PMCID: PMC6877943 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3469525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of a type of endodontic pin on L929 cell line according to the UNI EN ISO 10993/2009 rule. Methods L929 cells were used for the assays; extracts were prepared from three different-diameter endodontic pins, made of epoxy resin and fiberglass matrix and from Reference Materials (ZDEC, ZDBC, and HDP films). MTS assay was performed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure of L929 cells to pin and Reference Material extracts, 5% phenol solution, and control reagent. Cells cultured with different media containing extracts were monitored for up to 72 h and stained with haematoxylin/eosin. Results Pins of different diameters had no cytotoxic effects on L929 cells at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h (all values >70%). Cells cultured in medium containing pin extracts grew without any differences compared to the control cells. Conclusion The endodontic pins tested showed no cytotoxic effects and did not induce changes in morphology for up to 72 h.
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Mei Q, Lin L, Wang J, Cai B, Zou Q, Li J, Li Y, Zuo Y. Chemical reaction kinetics and the characteristic properties of injectable adhesives of nano-hydroxyapatite/Ag3PO4/polyurethane for bone and tooth repair. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Cheng X, Qu T, Ma C, Xiang D, Yu Q, Liu X. Bioactive mono-dispersed nanospheres with long-term antibacterial effects for endodontic sealing. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1195-1204. [PMID: 28944058 PMCID: PMC5606337 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02819e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic sealers with antibacterial capability play an important role in preventing reinfection of an endodontically treated root canal and improving the long-term success of root canal treatment. However, current endodontic sealers rapidly lose their antibacterial properties after fixation. In this work, we designed and synthesized quaternized mono-dispersed bioactive nanospheres as a potential substrate for the development of a long-term antibacterial endodontic sealer with excellent cytocompatibility and biocompatibility. First, mono-dispersed silica-based bioactive glass nanospheres (SBG-NS) were prepared via a modified sol-gel process. Next, a series of quaternary ammonium methacrylate salts (QAMs) with broad antibacterial spectra were synthesized and grafted onto the surfaces of the SBG-NS via a two-step coupling approach. The antibacterial effect of the quaternary ammonium polymethacrylate (QAPM)-containing SBG-NS (SBG-QAPM) against persistent microorganisms associated with infected root canals was evaluated using a direct contact test. Evaluations of the SBG-QAPM cytocompatibility and biocompatibility were performed using LIVE/DEAD staining, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2, 5-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay, and a calvarial implantation model. The results showed that the SBG-QAPMs had the strongest long-term antibacterial effect against the Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguis during the study period, the best cytocompatibility, and the lowest systemic inflammation compared to three commercial products: ProRoot MTA, Endomethasone C, and AH Plus. In addition, the SBG-QAPMs showed excellent stability in aqueous solution. This work indicates that the SBG-QAPMs are promising substrates for the development of long-term antibacterial endodontic sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Tiejun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Doudou Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
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Konjhodzic-Prcic A, Jakupovic S, Hasic-Brankovic L, Vukovic A. Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Root Canal Sealers on L929 Fibroblasts with Multiscan EX Spectrophotometer. Acta Inform Med 2015; 23:135-7. [PMID: 26236077 PMCID: PMC4499286 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2015.23.135-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the current study was to estimate the biocompatibility of endodontic sealers with different bases on L929 mouse fibroblasts permanent cell line using Multiscan EX Spectrophotometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endodontics sealers used in this study were GuttaFlow (Roeko) silicone based sealer, AH plus (De Tray-DENTSPLY) epoxy resin based, Apexit (Vivadent) calcium hydroxide based and Endorez (Ultradent) methacrylate based sealer. Sealer were tested trough time, freshly mixed 24 h, 48h and 7 days after setting. Biocompatibility was determinate on permanent cell lines L929 mouse fibroblasts trough cytotoxicity using MTT assay. Level of absorption was measured with multi scan EX spectrophotometer on length 420-600 nm. RESULTS Sealer based on calcium hydroxide Apexit Plus, GuttaFlow silicone based sealer and AH plus epoxy resin based sealer, have shown a low cytotoxicity through the all periods of time on culture of L292 mouse fibroblasts. Methacrylate based sealer, Endorez showed moderate cytotoxicity when freshly mixed and after 7 days. After 24 hours the visibility of the cells was 74,0% and after 48 hours 65,1%. which is slightly cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS According to results of this study there is a statistically significant difference among the groups p<0,05 for all the tested sealers. Apexit Plus, GuttaFlow and AH plus can be considered as biocompatibile. EndoREZ sealer which is based on methacrylate, after 7 days shows 50,1% of visible live cells which is considered as moderate cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Konjhodzic-Prcic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Selma Jakupovic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Lajla Hasic-Brankovic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Amra Vukovic
- Department of Dental Morphology with Dental Anthropology and Forensics Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
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Konjhodzic-Prcic A, Jakupovic S, Hasic-Brankovic L, Vukovic A. In vitro comparison of cytotoxicity of four root canal sealers on human gingival fibroblasts. Med Arch 2015; 69:24-7. [PMID: 25870472 PMCID: PMC4384855 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2015.69.24-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The goal of this in vitro study was to evaluate the relative biocompatibility of four endodontic sealers on the cell culture of the human fibroblast through cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study four endodontics sealers was used GuttaFlow (Roeko)silicone based sealer, AH plus (De Tray-DENTSPLY) epoxy resin based, Apexit (Vivadent) calcium hydroxide based and Endorez (Ultradent) methacrylate based sealer. Sealers were tested on primary cell lines of human gingival fibroblasts. Experiments were preformed in laboratories of Hacettepe University of Ankara, Turkey and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Cytotoxicity was determinate using WST-1 assay. RESULTS Results were analyzed by SPSS 19 program. Kolgomorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk and descriptive statistics also were used, as well as Kriskall-Wallis, ANOVA test and T- test. According to our results all four sealers showed different cytotoxicity effects on human gingival fibroblast cell culture, but all of them are slightly cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS According to results of this study it can be concluded: all four sealers showed different cytotoxicity effects on primary cell lines of human gingival fibroblasts, but all of them are slightly cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Konjhodzic-Prcic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Selma Jakupovic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Lajla Hasic-Brankovic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Amra Vukovic
- Department of Dental Morphology with Dental Anthropology and Forensics Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
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Wang J, Zuo Y, Zhao M, Jiang J, Man Y, Wu J, Hu Y, Liu C, Li Y, Li J. Physicochemical and biological properties of a novel injectable polyurethane system for root canal filling. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:697-709. [PMID: 25653518 PMCID: PMC4303460 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s74025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A root canal sealer with antibacterial activity can be efficacious in preventing reinfection that results from residual microorganisms and/or the leakage of microorganisms. In the present study, a series of injectable, self-curing polyurethane (PU)-based antibacterial sealers with different concentrations of silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) were fabricated. Subsequently, their physicochemical properties, antibacterial abilities, and preliminary cytocompatibilities were evaluated. The results indicated that the fabricated PU-based sealers can achieve a high conversion rate in a short amount of time. More than 95% of the isocyanate group of PU sealers with 3 wt% (PU3) and 5 wt% (PU5) concentrations of Ag3PO4 were included in the curing reaction after 7 hours. With the exception of those for film thickness for PU5, the results of setting time, film thickness, and solubility were able to meet the requirements of the International Organization for Standardization. The antibacterial tests showed that PU3 and PU5 exhibit stronger antimicrobial effects than that achieved with 1 wt% Ag3PO4 (PU1) and AH Plus (positive control) against Streptococcus mutans. The cytocompatibility evaluation revealed that the PU1 and PU3 sealers possess good cytocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the PU3 sealer offers good physicochemical and antimicrobial properties along with cytocompatibility, which may hold great application potential in the field of root canal fillings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Jiang
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Man
- College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjiu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chandra A, Rahman H, Agarwal A, Verma A. Toxicity of root canal sealers in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7243/2053-5775-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Silva EJNLD, Santos CC, Zaia AA. Long-term cytotoxic effects of contemporary root canal sealers. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:43-7. [PMID: 23559111 PMCID: PMC3881813 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757201302304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of root canal sealers on the cytotoxicity of 3T3 fibroblasts during a period of 5 weeks. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fibroblasts (3T3, 1×105 cells per well) were incubated with elutes of fresh specimens from eight root canal sealers (AH Plus, Epiphany, Endomethasone N, EndoREZ, MTA Fillapex, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, RoekoSeal and Sealapex) and with elutes of the same specimens for 5 succeeding weeks after immersing in simulated body fluid. The cytotoxicity of all root canal sealers was determined using the MTT assay. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS RoekoSeal was the only sealer that did not show any cytotoxic effects (p<0.05). All the other tested sealers exhibited severe toxicity initially (week 0). MTA Fillapex remained moderately cytotoxic after the end of experimental period. Toxicity of the other tested sealers decreased gradually over time. The evaluated root canal sealers presented varying degrees of cytotoxicity, mainly in fresh mode. CONCLUSIONS RoekoSeal had no cytotoxic effect both freshly mixed and in the other tested time points. MTA Fillapex was associated with significantly less cell viability when compared to the other tested root canal sealers.
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Ashraf H, Moradimajd N, Mozayeni MA, Dianat O, Mahjour F, Yadegari Z. Cytotoxicity evaluation of three resin-based sealers on an L929 cell line. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013; 9:549-53. [PMID: 23559918 PMCID: PMC3612190 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endodontic sealers usually come in contact with adjacent tissues and their biocompatibility is key in a successful treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of three resin-based sealers, namely AH Plus, EndoREZ, and Epiphany in set and fresh states on an L929 cell line. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, the materials were mixed according to the manufacturers’ instructions, and were divided into two groups, fresh and set. The elutes of materials were prepared separately and were incubated with L929 fibroblasts for 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours. Pulp Canal Sealer and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) served as positive and negative controls respectively. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay ([3-4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide succinate), after 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: After 1 hour, fresh Epiphany and fresh AH Plus were significantly more cytotoxic than their set samples. No significant difference was perceived between cytotoxicity of fresh state of sealers and positive control, or between set state and negative control. After 24 hours, both fresh and set samples of all materials were significantly more cytotoxic than the negative control group, and were less cytotoxic than the positive control group. After 72 hours, the fresh and set samples of all materials were as cytotoxic as the positive control group. At each time point, no significant difference was perceived among different materials in terms of cell viability. Conclusion: The observed differences among the cytotoxicity of AH Plus, EndoREZ, and Epiphany did not reach a significant level at comparable time points after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Ashraf
- Department of Endodontic, Iranian Center of Endodontic Research, Tehran, Iran
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Daleffe É, Vieira-Ozório JE, Sousa-Neto JE, da-Cruz-Perez DE. Epiphany root canal sealer prepared with resinous solvent is irritating to rat subcutaneous tissues. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e716-20. [PMID: 22322512 PMCID: PMC3476039 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study assessed the biocompatibility of the Epiphany endodontic sealer prepared with resinous solvent of Epiphany system (Thinning resin) in rat subcutaneous tissues.
Study Design: Polyethylene tubes were filled with the sealer and 4 groups were established: GI, Epiphany prepared with 1 drop of resinous solvent (RS); GII, Epiphany prepared with 1 drop of RS and photoactivated; GIII, Epiphany associated with self-etch primer and prepared with 1 drop of RS; GIV, Epiphany associated with self-etch primer, prepared with 1 drop of RS and photoactivated. The filled tubes were implanted into 4 different regions of the dorsum of 20 adult male rats.
Results: After 7, 14 and 21 days, all groups presented a moderate to severe chronic inflammation, necrosis and foreign-body giant cells. At 42 days, although the intensity of chronic inflammatory reaction decreased, the other features still were observed.
Conclusion: The Epiphany sealer prepared with the RS was irritating to rat subcutaneous tissues.
Key words:Biocompatibility, Epiphany, methacrylate resin sealer, resinous solvent, root canal sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élcio Daleffe
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirao Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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