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Zahiu SG, Fratila O. Assessment of Systemic Condition and Smoking Impact Over Incidence of Apical Periodontitis. Cureus 2024; 16:e55250. [PMID: 38558659 PMCID: PMC10981472 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of apical periodontitis in a subset of the population of south-eastern Romania and to analyze the overall health status of the group of patients with apical periodontitis. The medical and dental history, including age, gender, background, presence of smoking, level of education, the total number of teeth present and with apical periodontitis, and the general health status were recorded from a total of 200 patients. The periapical status was analyzed using an orthopantomogram and periapical radiographs of teeth that were diagnosed with periapical lesions by the same dental professional. The periapical status was classified according to the periapical index (PAI), with apical periodontitis being present if the PAI score ≥3. The majority of patients were female (58.5%), with secondary or higher education from urban areas and the mean number of teeth with apical periodontitis was 2.29 ± 1.26, with a median of 2 teeth. A total of 17.1% of patients were smokers, these patients had two more teeth with periapical pathology, and 16% of all patients had general diseases, the most common of which was cardiovascular disease (8.2%). Compared with those without the disease, these patients had a higher number of teeth with apical periodontitis (median = 2.5, IQR = 2-4 vs. median = 2, IQR = 1-3). As a result, this scientific research suggests an association between smoking, cardiovascular disease, and gastritis with apical periodontitis, but no association could be demonstrated between apical periodontitis and other systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina G Zahiu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, ROU
| | - Ovidiu Fratila
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, ROU
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Paljevic E, Brekalo Prso I, Hrstic JV, Pezelj-Ribaric S, Persic Bukmir R. Impact of Smoking on the Healing of Apical Periodontitis after Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:124-130. [PMID: 36977477 PMCID: PMC10959606 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective study was to compare the healing of periapical bone between smokers and nonsmokers after root canal therapy. The effects of duration and intensity of smoking on the healing rate of apical periodontitis were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five smokers were included in this study. The control group consisted of healthy nonsmokers who matched the smoker group in age and sex. Only teeth with a favorable periodontal prognosis and adequate coronal restoration were included in the study. The periapical status of treated teeth was assessed using the periapical index system at follow-ups after 6 and 12 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the changes in periapical index score at baseline and in subsequent time intervals between the two groups examining dichotomized and ordinal data, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of independent variables age, gender, tooth type, arch type, and smoking index with the outcome variable. The outcome variable was set as the presence versus absence of apical periodontitis. RESULTS The analysis at 12-month follow-up revealed a significantly higher healing rate in control group than in smokers (90.9 vs. 58.2; χ2 = 13.846; p < 0.001). Smokers had significantly higher periapical index scores than the control group (p = 0.024). The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that an increase in the value of the smoking index significantly increases the risk of apical periodontitis persistence (odds ratio [OR] =7.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.51-23.28; p < 0.001) for smoking index < 400 and (OR = 9.65; 95% CI: 1.45-64.14; p = 0.019) for smoking index 400 to 799. CONCLUSION The results from this study show a lower rate of apical periodontitis healing in a group of smokers at 1-year follow-up. Delayed periapical healing seems to be associated with the cigarette smoking exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Paljevic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Brekalo Prso
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jelena Vidas Hrstic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sonja Pezelj-Ribaric
- Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Romana Persic Bukmir
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Vasques AMV, da Silva ACR, Bueno CRE, Cury MTS, Ervolino E, Cintra LTA, Dezan Junior E. Inflammatory profile of apical periodontitis exacerbated by cigarette smoke inhalation: Histological and immunohistochemical analysis in rats. Int Endod J 2023; 56:465-474. [PMID: 36585248 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) on inflammation, pro-inflammatory mediators and haematological parameters in rats with induced apical periodontitis (AP). METHODOLOGY Thirty-two 3-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8): C-Control; S-rats with CSI; AP-rats with AP; and SAP-rats with CSI + AP. Animals in groups S and SAP inhaled cigarette smoke by remaining inside a smoking chamber for 8 min, three times daily, for 50 days. After 20 days of smoke inhalation, animals in AP and SAP groups had the pulps of the lower right first molar exposed to oral environment for 30 days to induce AP. In these subsequent 30 days, animals in group S and SAP continued with CSI. On Day 50, animals were euthanized and mandibles were histologically processed to assess inflammatory infiltrate, immunohistochemical interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), and blood samples collected for laboratory analysis. The Mann-Whitney test was performed for non-parametric data and the pairwise analyses of Student's t-test for parametric data, with a significance level of p < .050. RESULTS Inflammatory infiltrate was moderate in AP group and more severe in the SAP (p = .010). The interleukins IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were higher in SAP group (p < .001) when compared to the AP group. A greater number of red blood cells (p = .010), haemoglobin (p = .007) and neutrophils (p = .014) were observed in the SAP group in comparison with the AP group. CONCLUSION Cigarette smoke inhalation induced a more severe inflammatory infiltrate, with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes in haematological parameters in rats with induced AP. Thus, CSI aggravated AP, exacerbating the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Veiga Vasques
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Rodrigues da Silva
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Emerenciano Bueno
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marina Tolomei Sandoval Cury
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Eloi Dezan Junior
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Segura-Egea JJ, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Martín-González J, Cintra LTA. Impact of systemic health on treatment outcomes in endodontics. Int Endod J 2023; 56 Suppl 2:219-235. [PMID: 35752972 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healing of periapical lesions after root canal treatment (RCT) is not the result of the curative action of the treatment. The process of healing begins with inflammation, and is resolved by the clearance of the immunogen that induces the immune response. Then, the periapical tissue itself carries out the healing of the periapical lesion, by repair or by a combination of repair and regeneration, depending on the host's reparative response working properly. The ultimate objective of RCT is to achieve wound healing by removing the source of bacterial antigens and toxins, allowing chronic inflammatory tissue to become reparative tissue. Some systemic conditions increase the susceptibility of the host to infection or impair the tissue reparative response, maintaining the inflammatory process and periapical bone resorption after RCT. This can cause the failure of RCT and even the need for extraction of the affected tooth. OBJECTIVE To analyse the scientific literature on the possible influence of systemic conditions on the treatment outcomes in endodontics, as well as to discuss the biological mechanisms that may be involved. METHODS The search was carried out in PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE. The inclusion criteria established were original scientific articles reporting data about some systemic condition in relation to treatment outcomes in endodontics, including clinical studies and studies carried out in animal models. RESULTS Systemic factors (age, nutrition, stress, hormones, smoking habits), and systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, HIV infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and others, can influence or interfere in the repair of periapical tissues after RCT. DISCUSSION Some of these systemic diseases can alter bone turnover and fibroblast function, preventing or delaying periapical wound healing. Others can alter the microvasculature, reducing nutrients and oxygen supply to periapical tissues. As a result, these systemic conditions can decrease the success rate of RCT and provoke incomplete wound healing (typically granulomatous tissue formation) in the periapical region. CONCLUSIONS The results of this narrative review show worse success rate of RCT, with higher percentage of postoperative radiolucent periapical lesions and higher proportion of non-retained teeth (RFT), associated with several systemic conditions, such as smoking habits and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Segura-Egea
- Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera
- Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luciano T A Cintra
- Endodontic Section, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
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de Paula KM, Gomes CC, Valente MIB, Pires FR, Batistela Rodrigues Thuller KA, Salles L, Armada L. Evaluation of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, Osteopontin, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha on Chronic Apical Periodontitis in Smokers. J Endod 2023; 49:137-143. [PMID: 36414095 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking can be considered a risk factor for chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). This study compared the immunoexpression of biomarkers receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in CAP in smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS Twelve smokers and 12 nonsmokers diagnosed with CAP and indicated for tooth extraction were selected. Exclusion factors were teeth with a diagnosis of root fracture, previous endodontic treatment, or endoperiodontal injury, in addition to individuals with systemic diseases, under 18 years of age, users of anti-inflammatory and/or antibiotics in the last 3 months, and drug users. Specimens were processed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Qualitative analysis of RANKL expression showed 66.66% weak/moderate and 33.33% strong in smokers and 100% weak/moderate in nonsmokers. OPG and OPN expressions were 100% negative to focal in the smoker group and 50% negative to focal and 50% weak/moderate in the nonsmoker group. TNF-α was 25% negative to focal and 75% weak/moderate in the smoker group and 33.33% negative to focal and 66.66% weak/moderate in the nonsmoker group. Quantitative analysis of the data using the Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was a significant difference in the immunoexpression of RANKL (P < .05), OPG (P < .05), and OPN (P < .05), but there was no statistical difference in the immunoexpression of TNF-α (P > .05) between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that smoking is capable of altering the inflammatory response, influencing the evolution of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Magalhães de Paula
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Cristina Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria Isabel Bastos Valente
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ramoa Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katherine Azevedo Batistela Rodrigues Thuller
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Salles
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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León‐López M, Cabanillas‐Balsera D, Martín‐González J, Montero‐Miralles P, Saúco‐Márquez JJ, Segura‐Egea JJ. Prevalence of root canal treatment worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1105-1127. [PMID: 36016509 PMCID: PMC9826350 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of root filled teeth (RFT) worldwide will inform about the amount of clinical activity of dentists dedicated to treat endodontic disease. OBJECTIVES To carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis answering the following question: What is the prevalence of RFT around the world? The percentage of people with at least one RFT was also investigated. METHODS A systematic review including population-based studies using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE and Scielo. Studies related to prevalence of RFT were included. The outcome of interest of the study was the prevalence of RFT. The meta-analyses were calculated with the Open Meta Analyst software to determine the global prevalence of RFT. Subgroups analyses were performed comparing geographical distribution, radiographic method and year of the study (classified in 20th or 21th century). The prevalence of people with at least one RFT was also analysed. RESULTS Seventy-four population-based studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight, forty-four and two studies reported high, moderate and low risk of bias, respectively. No obvious publication bias was observed. Prevalence of RFT was estimated with 1 201 255 teeth and 32 162 patients. The calculated worldwide prevalence of RFT was 8.2% (95% CI = 7.3%-9.1%; p < .001). The global prevalence of people with at least one RFT was 55.7% (95% CI = 49.6%-61.8%; p < .001). In 20th century, the prevalence of RFT was 10.2% (95% CI = 7.9%-12.5%; p < .001), whereas in the 21st century the overall calculated prevalence of RFT was 7.5% (95% CI = 6.5%-8.6%; p < .001). Brazilian people (12%) and the European population (9.3%) showed the highest prevalence of RFT. In Europe, 59.6% (95% CI = 52.4%-66.8%) of people has at least one RFT. CONCLUSIONS This review showed that root canal treatment is a very common therapy throughout the world. More than half of the studied population have at least one RFT. A limitation of the present study is that most of the studies did not consider random sampling for population selection. REGISTRATION PROSPERO Systematic review registration number: (CRD42022329053).
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Affiliation(s)
- María León‐López
- Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, School of DentistryUniversity of SevillaSevillaSpain
| | | | - Jenifer Martín‐González
- Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, School of DentistryUniversity of SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Paloma Montero‐Miralles
- Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, School of DentistryUniversity of SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Juan J. Saúco‐Márquez
- Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, School of DentistryUniversity of SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Juan J. Segura‐Egea
- Endodontic Section, Department of Stomatology, School of DentistryUniversity of SevillaSevillaSpain
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Diep MT, Hove LH, Ørstavik D, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Sødal ATT, Sunde PT. Periapical and endodontic status among 65-year-old Oslo-citizens. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:371. [PMID: 36050662 PMCID: PMC9438292 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and root-filled teeth in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway, and to investigate associations of pathosis and endodontic treatment with selected individual risk indicators and technical quality of root fillings.
Material and methods A random sample of 450 65-year-olds in Oslo answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical and radiological examination (52% men and 48% women). Periapical radiographs were taken of all root-filled teeth and of teeth with apical radiolucency, and periapical status was evaluated using the Periapical Index. Apex-to-filling distance and homogeneity were assessed for all root fillings. Analyses on individual level and tooth level were performed. The outcome variables were ‘non-root-filled tooth with AP’ (‘untreated AP’), ‘root-filled tooth’, and 'root-filled tooth with AP’. The explanatory variables were gender, education, dental attendance pattern, smoking, remaining teeth (n), tooth group, and root filling quality. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between outcome variables and explanatory variables. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05.
Results The mean number of remaining teeth was 26 (SD: 4). AP was present in 45% of the individuals. Sixteen percent of the individuals had untreated AP and 38% had at least one root-filled tooth with AP. Sixty-six percent of the individuals had one or more root-filled teeth. Untreated AP was significantly associated with a decreasing number of remaining teeth and smoking. All the outcome variables were significantly more prevalent in molars compared with premolars and anterior teeth. Thirty-five percent of the root-filled teeth had AP, and AP was more prevalent in teeth with too short apex-to-filling distance (53%) or unsatisfactory homogeneity (46%). Conclusions The remaining number of teeth was high, and AP and root-filled teeth were prevalent in the present young-elderly population. A notable amount of untreated AP was observed, especially in smokers. The findings in the present study indicate a substantial need for dental care associated with endodontic conditions in the future elderly. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02406-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Tien Diep
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Ørstavik
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Thea Tveit Sødal
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia Titterud Sunde
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Apical Periodontitis and Other Oral Health Variables: A Case-Control Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: The relationship between chronic inflammatory diseases and their comorbidities and correlation with periodontal diseases has become an increasing focus of research. Objectives: The aim of this case-control study was to conclude if patients suffering from COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) tend to have more AP (Apical Periodontitis) than non-COPD patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 patients assigned as cases, associated with 30 control patients linked by age (+/−5 years) and sex. Results: A total of 60 patients were recorded, and a total of 12 radiographic variables were analyzed. A total of 43 (71.7%) patients were registered with PAI (Periapical Index) ≥ 3, and there was a slightly tendency in the patients from the control group 22 (73.3%) compared to those from the cases 21 (70%), respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that there was not a significant association between the levels of PAI (Periapical Index) ≥ 3 per patient in those suffering from COPD. In fact, it could be concluded that patients diagnosed with COPD tend to have more teeth with PAI ≥ 3, more endodontic treatments and their periodontitis tended to accumulate more caries. Clinical Significance: This study establishes, in a case-control study, some specific aspects of oral health in patients with COPD, as well as analyzing the importance of oral health in this disease.
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Ríos-Osorio N, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Jiménez-Castellanos FA, Quijano-Guauque S, Jiménez-Peña O, García-Perdomo HA, Caviedes-Bucheli J. Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of post-endodontic periapical pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e27. [PMID: 36090507 PMCID: PMC9436652 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Ríos-Osorio
- Research Department COC-CICO, Institución Universitaria Colegios de Colombia UNICOC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Sara Quijano-Guauque
- Research Department COC-CICO, Institución Universitaria Colegios de Colombia UNICOC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Jiménez-Peña
- Research Department COC-CICO, Institución Universitaria Colegios de Colombia UNICOC, Bogotá, Colombia
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Teixeira QE, Ferreira DDC, da Silva AMP, Gonçalves LS, Pires FR, Carrouel F, Bourgeois D, Sufiawati I, Armada L. Aging as a Risk Factor on the Immunoexpression of Pro-Inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α Cytokines in Chronic Apical Periodontitis Lesions. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010014. [PMID: 35053012 PMCID: PMC8772771 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inflammatory responses in the elderly may act as modifiers on the progression and repair of chronic apical periodontitis lesions (CAPLs). While the involvement of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in inflammatory responses and, particularly, in CAPL has been documented, their expression in elderly patients needs to be further characterized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CAPL from elderly individuals with young/middle-aged individuals. Thirty CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granulomas) from elderly patients (>60 years) and 30 CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granuloma) from young/middle-aged individuals (20–56 years) were selected. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed against IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The slides were subdivided into five high-magnification fields and analyzed. The number of positive stains was evaluated for each antibody. There was no significant difference between the cytokines when the cysts and granuloma were compared in the two groups. In the young/middle-aged, only IL-1β showed a difference and was significantly higher in granulomas (p = 0.019). CAPL pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the elderly were significantly higher than in young/middle-aged individuals (p < 0.05). The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in CAPL in the elderly compared with the young/middle-aged group. Further elaborate research studies/analyses to elucidate the reasons for and consequences of inflammation in the elderly are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quésia Euclides Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Alexandre Marques Paes da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Fabio Ramoa Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +55-21-2497-898 (L.A.)
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Irna Sufiawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
| | - Luciana Armada
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +55-21-2497-898 (L.A.)
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11
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Wei J, Fang D. Letter regarding 'The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis'. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1677. [PMID: 34375457 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Dalang Fang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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12
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Dos Santos Tibúrcio-Machado C, Batistin Zanatta F, Schunke Gomes M, Souza Bier CA. Response to the Letter to the Editor regarding "The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Int Endod J 2021; 54:1678-1681. [PMID: 34375458 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maximiliano Schunke Gomes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical and Dental Center of the Military Police, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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13
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Cintra LTA, Gomes MS, da Silva CC, Faria FD, Benetti F, Cosme-Silva L, Samuel RO, Pinheiro TN, Estrela C, González AC, Segura-Egea JJ. Evolution of endodontic medicine: a critical narrative review of the interrelationship between endodontics and systemic pathological conditions. Odontology 2021; 109:741-769. [PMID: 34240297 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endodontics has gained emphasis in the scientific community in recent years due to the increase in clinical and in animal models studies focused on endodontic medicine, which aims to evaluate the interrelationship between systemic and periapical tissues pathological conditions. These studies have shown that systemic changes can boost the pathogenesis of endodontic infection, favoring its development and progression. A contrary relationship is reported in numerous studies that affirm the potential of endodontic infection to trigger systemic damage and may lead to the worsening of pre-existing pathologies. Recently, the potential of filling materials to develop systemic changes such as neurological alterations had been evaluated, also showing that systemic diseases can negatively influence tissue responses to filling materials after endodontic treatment. Despite advances in endodontic medicine studies, there are still gaps in knowledge on the mechanisms of interactions between apical periodontitis (AP) and systemic diseases and much research to be done. In this sense, this critical narrative literature review aimed to show the evolution of studies in endodontic medicine to help the endodontist to know the role of systemic diseases in the pathogenesis of AP and the possible interference in the repair of periapical tissues after endodontic treatment, as well as to evidence the systemic complications that can be triggered or aggravated in the presence of endodontic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Section, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, CEP 16015-050, Brazil. .,Dental Assistance Center for Disabled Persons (CAOE) of the São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maximiliano Schünke Gomes
- Departament of Odontology, School of Dentistry and Medical and Dental Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cantiga da Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Section, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, CEP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Flávio Duarte Faria
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Section, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), José Bonifácio, 1193, Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, CEP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Cosme-Silva
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Oliveira Samuel
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Tiago Novaes Pinheiro
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Dental School of Amazonas State University, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Carlos Estrela
- Department of Stomatologic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Juan José Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Poyato-Borrego M, Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J, Jiménez-Sánchez MC, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Areal-Quecuty V, Segura-Sampedro JJ. Prevalence of endodontic infection in patients with Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e208-e215. [PMID: 32851982 PMCID: PMC7980298 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have linked apical periodontitis (AP) to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of AP and root canal treatment (RCT) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn´s disease (CD). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study, including 28 patients with Crohn´s disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis, was conducted. AP was diagnosed as radiolucent periapical lesions (RPLs), using the periapical index score (PAI). Student's t test, 2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression run with age, gender, number of teeth, number of RFT, periodontal disease and the type of IBD as covariates, taking as dependent variable and outcome "periapical status" (0 = no tooth with RPL; 1 = at least one tooth with RPL), showed that both UC and CD patients had the prevalence apical periodontitis (OR = 1.03; C.I. 95% = 0.25 - 4.31; p = 0.97). The multivariate analysis, including all the above covariates, shows that both in UC and CD patients the prevalence of RCT was similar (OR = 0.76; C.I. 95% = 0.17 - 7.31; p = 0.73). Periapical status was significantly associated with endodontic status (OR = 42.72; C.I. 95% = 3.87 - 472.15; p = 0.002), regardless of IBD type. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show similar frequency of AP and RFT in both UC and CD patients. The type of IBD does not appear to affect the prevalence of radiographically detectable periapical lesions or the prevalence of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Poyato-Borrego
- Son Espases University Hospital School of Medicine, University of Balearic Islands Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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15
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Thuller KABR, Armada L, Valente MI, Pires FR, Vilaça CMM, Gomes CC. Immunoexpression of Interleukin 17, 6, and 1 Beta in Primary Chronic Apical Periodontitis in Smokers and Nonsmokers. J Endod 2021; 47:755-761. [PMID: 33548327 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to compare the immunoexpression of biomarkers interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, and IL-1β in primary chronic apical periodontitis in smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS Teeth with primary chronic apical periodontitis indicated for extraction in 16 cigarette smokers and 16 nonsmokers were selected. Silanized sections of tissue were used for immunohistochemical analysis after being stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathologic categorization. Subsequently, the images were analyzed with an optical microscope, and each slide was subdivided into 5 high-magnification fields, with scores (0-2) being assigned according to the amount of staining for each antibody. RESULTS The qualitative analysis of IL-17 cytokine expression showed no focal expression in 5.8%, weak to moderate expression in 17.6%, and strong expression in 76.4% of the smokers and no focal expression in 78.5% and weak to moderate expression in 21.4% of the nonsmokers. IL-6 expression was negative to focal in 13.3%, weak to moderate in 53.3%, and strong in 33.3% of the smokers and negative to focal in 33.3%, weak to moderate in 25%, and strong in 41.6% of the nonsmokers. IL-1β expression was weak to moderate in 87.5% and negative to focal expression in 12.5% of the smokers and negative to focal expression in 100% of the nonsmokers. Quantitative evaluation of the data using the Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference in the immunoexpression of IL-17 (P < .0001) and IL-1β (P < .0001) and no significant difference in the immunoexpression of IL-6 (P = .46) between the 2 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The cytokines IL-17 and IL-1β were more highly expressed in smokers than nonsmokers, whereas IL-6 expression was similar in the 2 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A B R Thuller
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Valente
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ramoa Pires
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiano M M Vilaça
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Cristina Gomes
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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16
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Tibúrcio-Machado CS, Michelon C, Zanatta FB, Gomes MS, Marin JA, Bier CA. The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2021; 54:712-735. [PMID: 33378579 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apical periodontitis (AP) frequently presents as a chronic asymptomatic disease. To arrive at a true diagnosis, in addition to the clinical examination, it is mandatory to undertake radiographic examinations such as periapical or panoramic radiographs, or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thus, the worldwide burden of AP is probably underestimated or unknown. Previous systematic reviews attempted to estimate the prevalence of AP, but none have investigated which factors may influence its prevalence worldwide. OBJECTIVES To assess: (i) the prevalence of AP in the population worldwide, as well as the frequency of AP in all teeth, nontreated teeth and root filled teeth; (ii) which factors can modify the prevalence of AP. METHODS A search was conducted in the PubMed-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane-CENTRAL, LILACS, Google scholar and OpenGrey databases, followed by hand searches, until September 2019. Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies reporting the prevalence of AP in humans, using panoramic or periapical radiograph or CBCT as image methods were included. No language restriction was applied. An adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled prevalence of AP at the individual level. Secondary outcomes were the frequency of AP in all teeth, nontreated teeth and rootfilled teeth. Subgroup analyses using random-effect models were carried out to analyse the influence of explanatory covariables on the outcome. RESULTS The search strategy identified 6670 articles, and 114 studies were included in the meta-analysis, providing data from 34 668 individuals and 639 357 teeth. The prevalence of AP was 52% at the individual level (95% CI 42%-56%, I2 = 97.8%) and 5% at the tooth level (95% CI 4%-6%; I2 = 99.5%). The frequency of AP in root-filled teeth and nontreated teeth was 39% (95% CI 36%-43%; I2 = 98.5%) and 3% (95% CI 2%-3%; I2 = 99.3%), respectively. The prevalence of AP was greater in samples from dental care services (DCS; 57%; 95% CI 52%-62%; I2 = 97.8%) and hospitals (51%; 95% CI 40%-63%; I2 = 95.9%) than in those from the general population (GP; 40%; 95% CI 33%-46%; I2 = 96.5%); it was also greater in people with a systemic condition (63%; 95% CI 56%-69%, I2 = 89.7%) compared to healthy individuals (48%; 95% CI 43%-53%; I2 = 98.3%). DISCUSSION The subgroup analyses identified explanatory factors related to the variability in the prevalence of AP. However, the high clinical heterogeneity and high risk of bias across the primary studies indicate that the findings must be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Half of the adult population worldwide have at least one tooth with apical periodontitis. The prevalence of AP is greater in samples from the dental care services, but it is also high amongst community representative samples from the general population. The present findings should bring the attention of health policymakers, medical and dental communities to the hidden burden of endodontic disease in the population worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Tibúrcio-Machado
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - C Michelon
- Medical and Dental Center of the Brazilian Army, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - F B Zanatta
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - M S Gomes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical and Dental Center of the Military Police, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J A Marin
- Universidade Franciscana (UFN), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - C A Bier
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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17
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Cabanillas-Balsera D, Segura-Egea JJ, Bermudo-Fuenmayor M, Martín-González J, Jiménez-Sánchez MC, Areal-Quecuty V, Sánchez-Domínguez B, Montero-Miralles P, Velasco-Ortega E. Smoking and Radiolucent Periapical Lesions in Root Filled Teeth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3506. [PMID: 33138302 PMCID: PMC7692336 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between smoking habits and the prevalence of radiolucent periapical lesions (RPLs) in root-filled teeth (RFT). METHODS The Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) question was: in adult patients who have RFT, does the absence or presence of a smoking habit affect the prevalence of RPLs associated with RFT? Systematic MEDLINE/PubMed, Wiley Online Database, Web of Science, Scopus, and PRISMA protocol were used to evaluate and present the results. Studies comparing smokers with control non-smoker subjects, including RFT, and providing data on the prevalence of RFT with RPLs, were included. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used for certainty in the evidence. The risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane Collaboration common scheme for bias and ROBINS-I tool. Cumulative meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model. PROSPERO registration code: CRD42020165279. RESULTS Four studies reported data on inclusion criteria, representing data from 9257 root-filled teeth-4465 from non-smokers and 4792 from smoker patients. The meta-analysis provided an odds ratio indicating a significant association between smoking and higher prevalence of root filled teeth with radiolucent periapical lesions (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.07-1.26; p = 0.0004). The certainty of the literature assessment was moderate per GRADE. The ROBINS-I tool classified three studies as low risk of bias, and the fourth as moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Moderate, quality scientific evidence indicates a weak but significant relationship between smoking and the prevalence of RPLs in RFT. Smoking can be considered a negative prognostic factor for the outcome of root canal treatment. Endodontic providers should be aware of the relationship between smoking and persistent apical periodontitis, assessed as RPLs, in RFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera
- Department of Stomatology, Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (D.C.-B.); (M.B.-F.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.-Q.); (B.S.-D.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Juan J. Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (D.C.-B.); (M.B.-F.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.-Q.); (B.S.-D.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - María Bermudo-Fuenmayor
- Department of Stomatology, Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (D.C.-B.); (M.B.-F.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.-Q.); (B.S.-D.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- Department of Stomatology, Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (D.C.-B.); (M.B.-F.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.-Q.); (B.S.-D.); (P.M.-M.)
| | | | - Victoria Areal-Quecuty
- Department of Stomatology, Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (D.C.-B.); (M.B.-F.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.-Q.); (B.S.-D.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Benito Sánchez-Domínguez
- Department of Stomatology, Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (D.C.-B.); (M.B.-F.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.-Q.); (B.S.-D.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Paloma Montero-Miralles
- Department of Stomatology, Section of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (D.C.-B.); (M.B.-F.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.-Q.); (B.S.-D.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Department of Stomatology, Section of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
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18
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Pérez-Losada FDL, López-López J, Martín-González J, Jané-Salas E, Segura-Egea JJ, Estrugo-Devesa A. Apical periodontitis and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: Cross-sectional study. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e964-e971. [PMID: 33154799 PMCID: PMC7600214 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to analyze the possible relationship between the glycemic control and the prevalence of apical periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients. The null hypothesis was that apical periodontitis is not associated with glycemic control. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a cross-sectional design, the radiographic records of 216 type 2 diabetic patients (65.0 ± 10.7 years), 117 men (54.2%) and women (45.8%), were examined. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used to assess glycemic control, considering an HbA1c level < 6.5% as well-controlled diabetes. Apical periodontitis was diagnosed as radiolucent periapical lesions using the periapical index score. The Student t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS The average HbA1c value was 7.0 ± 2.2%. Forty seven (21.8%) had HbA1c levels under 6.5% (mean ± SD = 6.0 ± 2.2%), being considered well-controlled patients, and 169 (78.2%) had an HbA1c level ≥ 6.5% (mean ± SD = 7.8 ± 2.24%), being considered poor controlled patients. Forty four per cent of diabetics had apical periodontitis, 12.5% had root-filled teeth, and 52.3% had root filled teeth with radiolucent periapical lesions. No significant differences were observed in any of these three variables between patients with good or poor glycemic control. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis the presence of radiolucent periapical lesions in at least one tooth did not correlate significantly with HbA1c levels (OR = 1.4; 95% C.I. = 0.70 - 3.09; p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS The results reveal no association of glycemic control with the prevalence of apical periodontitis or root canal treatment in diabetic patients. Key words:Apical periodontitis, diabetes mellitus, endodontic medicine, glycated haemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor de Liz Pérez-Losada
- DDS, Doctoral fellow, Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José López-López
- MD, DDS, PhD, Professor, Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona- Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Endodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enric Jané-Salas
- MD, DDS, PhD, Professor, Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona- Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Segura-Egea
- MD, DDS, PhD, Professor, Division of Endodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Albert Estrugo-Devesa
- MD, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona- Dental Hospital, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Pinto KP, Ferreira CMA, Guimarães AFC, Lima CO, Pires FR, Sassone LM, Silva EJNL. Effects of alcohol and nicotine consumption on the development of apical periodontitis in rats: a correlative micro-computed tomographic, histological and immunohistochemical study. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1238-1252. [PMID: 32516436 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of alcohol and nicotine, when used alone or simultaneously, in the development of apical periodontitis induced in rats, using a correlative analytic approach with micro-CT, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were arranged into four groups: Control, Nicotine, Alcohol and Alcohol + Nicotine. The alcohol groups were exposed to self-administration of a 25% alcohol solution, whilst the other groups drunk only filtered water. The nicotine groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of a solution with 0.19 μL of nicotine per mL, whilst the other groups received saline solution. The pulps of the left mandibular first molars were exposed for 28 days to induce periapical lesions. Throughout the experiment, drug administration was maintained, and the animals had their weight and solid and liquid consumption measured. After euthanasia, the mandibles were removed and the area, volume and major diameter of the periapical lesions were measured using micro-computed tomography images. The samples were submitted to histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemistry for RANKL and PTHrP. Statistical analysis was undertaken with a significance level of 5%. Nonparametric data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test, whilst one-way anova followed by Tukey's test was performed for parametric data. RESULTS The alcohol groups had lower solid and liquid consumption and gained less weight when compared to the nonalcohol groups (P < 0.05). The Alcohol + Nicotine group had lesions with significantly larger volume and area when compared to the other groups (P < 0.05), whilst the Alcohol or Nicotine groups had significantly larger lesions than the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the largest diameter of the lesions amongst groups (P > 0.05). The experimental groups had greater inflammatory response scores than the control group (P < 0.05), and the representative samples had more pronounced immunoreaction against RANKL and PTHrP antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol and nicotine consumption exacerbated the inflammatory response and the development of periradicular lesions in rats. The association of both substances enhanced their harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Pinto
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C M A Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A F C Guimarães
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C O Lima
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F R Pires
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University (UNESA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L M Sassone
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Pinto KP, Ferreira CM, Maia LC, Sassone LM, Fidalgo TKS, Silva EJNL. Does tobacco smoking predispose to apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment need? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1068-1083. [PMID: 32344459 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversial findings exist in the literature regarding the association between tobacco smoking and development of apical periodontitis or need for root canal treatment, with some studies reporting an increase in the prevalence of these outcomes in smokers, whilst others reporting no association. AIM To evaluate if there is scientific evidence to support an association between tobacco smoking and a greater prevalence of apical periodontitis and/or root canal treatments. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was performed using MeSH terms and free terms in the PubMed, Scopus, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Cochrane library and Open Gray databases. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Observational studies that evaluated the association between smoking and the development or healing of periapical lesion and/or the prevalence of root canal treatment in humans were included. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS A quality assessment of included studies was performed, and the relevant information and findings were evaluated. A meta-analysis using nine included studies was performed through RevMan software, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated through GRADE. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included, of which 10 were classified as low risk of bias, 4 were considered as moderate risk of bias and 1 as high risk of bias. Ten studies reported that smoking was associated with a greater prevalence of periapical periodontitis and/or root canal treatment. Five studies reported no association. Nine studies were included in the pooled meta-analysis, comprising two subgroups: apical periodontitis and root canal treatment. From these nine studies, eight studies were included in the apical periodontitis subgroup meta-analysis and demonstrated that this condition was significantly more prevalent in smokers when compared to the nonsmokers (odds ratio = 2.78[CI: 1.60, 4.85], P < 0.001; I2 = 79%; no adjusted odds ratio). Three studies were included in the root canal treatment subgroup meta-analysis and demonstrated an increased prevalence in smokers when compared to the nonsmokers (odds ratio = 2.73 [CI: 1.06, 2.83], P < 0.001; I2 = 72%; no adjusted odds ratio). The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated that smokers had twice the chance of having apical periodontitis and/or root canal treatment when compared to nonsmokers (odds ratio of 2.42 [CI: 1.59, 3.68], P < 0.01; I2 = 85%). The GRADE analysis demonstrated moderate certainty of evidence. LIMITATIONS Several confounding factors were identified such as misinformation regarding the period of time subjects had smoked, as well as the frequency of smoking and the number of cigarettes consumed. No adjustment in odds ratio data for confounding was performed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that tobacco smokers have an increased prevalence of periapical periodontitis and root canal treatments with moderate certainty of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Pinto
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C M Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L C Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L M Sassone
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T K S Fidalgo
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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The association between smoking and periapical periodontitis: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:533-545. [PMID: 31773370 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to examine if, in adult patients, the absence or presence of smoking influenced the prevalence of periapical periodontitis (PP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Databases were searched, and original research manuscripts up to June 2019 were identified by two reviewers. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used for certainty in the evidence. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5 software. Risk ratio (RR) was used for the cohort studies, and odds ratio (OR) was used for the case-control studies with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS All the studies had many covariates and confounding variables. Three longitudinal cohort articles discussed radiographic findings as they related to the prevalence of PP in root-filled teeth. The RR of smoking and the prevalence of PP was 2.11 (95% CI 0.88-5.05, p = 0.09). Nine case-control studies focused on the prevalence of PP and smoking. There was a positive association between smoking and the prevalence of PP with an OR of 2.78 and a 95% confidence interval of 2.23-3.48, with p value < 0.05. The quality of the studies was fair per NOS, and the certainty of the literature assessment was moderate per GRADE. CONCLUSIONS The current best available evidence suggests that smoking was associated with the prevalence of PP but more studies are needed to report this association in the longitudinal cohort studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Smoking has a positive association with the prevalence of PP.
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Segura‐Egea JJ, Cabanillas‐Balsera D, Jiménez‐Sánchez MC, Martín‐González J. Endodontics and diabetes: association versus causation. Int Endod J 2019; 52:790-802. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Segura‐Egea
- Endodontic Section Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of Sevilla Sevilla Spain
| | - D. Cabanillas‐Balsera
- Endodontic Section Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of Sevilla Sevilla Spain
| | - M. C. Jiménez‐Sánchez
- Endodontic Section Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of Sevilla Sevilla Spain
| | - J. Martín‐González
- Endodontic Section Department of Stomatology School of Dentistry University of Sevilla Sevilla Spain
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Balto HA, Alabdulaaly L, Bahammam S, Al-Ekrish AA. Comparative analysis of prevalence of apical periodontitis in smokers and non-smokers using cone-beam computed tomography. Saudi Dent J 2018; 31:52-57. [PMID: 30705569 PMCID: PMC6349893 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and size of periapical lesions among smokers and non-smokers using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods Retrievable CBCT datasets for 46 male patients ≥18 years during a consecutive period from 2008 to 2016 were examined. The medical, smoking history and other clinical findings (signs of previous dental trauma; Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) scores; the percentage of root filled teeth; and oral hygiene status) were obtained. Periapical status of all included teeth was assessed by CBCT images. Statistical analysis was conducted using t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Results The prevalence of apical periodontitis was 13.93% in smokers and 14.26% in non-smokers with no significant difference (p = 0.936). The mean of the average size of lesions between the two groups were almost comparable, 3.50 mm in smokers and 2.89 mm in non-smokers (p = 0.567). Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis showed that the percentage of lesion present and the average lesion size were not correlated to any independent variable. Conclusions While smoking is considered a risk factor for marginal periodontitis, there was no difference between smokers and non-smokers in terms of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Balto
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Endodontics, Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 62645, Riyadh 11595, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alabdulaaly
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 88493, Riyadh 11662, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaima Bahammam
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 50514, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma'a A Al-Ekrish
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 56810, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Conventional root canal therapies yield high success rates. The treatment outcomes are negatively affected by the presence of apical periodontitis (AP), which reflects active root canal infection and inflammatory responses. Also, cross-sectional studies revealed surprisingly high prevalence of AP in the general population, especially in those with prior endodontic treatments. Hence, AP is an ongoing disease entity in endodontics that needs further understanding of the pathogenesis and disease progression. The current Chapter will discuss the basic mechanisms of AP with emphasis on emerging role of epigenetic regulators in regulation of inflammatory mediators.
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Al-Nazhan SA, Alsaeed SA, Al-Attas HA, Dohaithem AJ, Al-Serhan MS, Al-Maflehi NS. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and quality of root canal treatment in an adult Saudi population. Saudi Med J 2017; 38:413-421. [PMID: 28397949 PMCID: PMC5447195 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.4.16409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the health status of periradicular tissue and the quality of root canal fillings in an adult Saudi population attending dental clinics for the first time. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the dental clinics at King Saud University, Riyadh and other dental centers (Jeddah, Najran, and Albaha City), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between year 2010 and 2012. Good-quality panoramic radiographs of 926 Saudi subjects (540 males and 386 females)were analyzed based on the gender, age, health status, smoking habits, periapical status of the endodontically treated teeth, technical quality of the root canal fillings, and the presence or absence of coronal restoration. Data were calibrated and statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 17. Results: Of the 25,028 teeth examined, 1,556 teeth (6.2%) had apical periodontitis (AP). Male subjects aged over 55 years and females between 36 and 45 years had higher AP. A total of 36 diabetic and 87 smokers subjects had AP. The AP was more common in male diabetics than female (p=0.383), and in female smokers more than male (p=0.44). Only 42.2% of male and 57.7% of female teeth had adequate root canal treatment. Conclusions: Apical periodontitis was significantly related to diabetes, smoking, and inadequate endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad A Al-Nazhan
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Virtanen E, Nurmi T, Söder PÖ, Airila-Månsson S, Söder B, Meurman JH. Apical periodontitis associates with cardiovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study from Sweden. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:107. [PMID: 28693487 PMCID: PMC5504601 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease associates with systemic diseases but corresponding links regarding apical periodontitis (AP) are not so clear. Hence our aim was to study association between AP and the prevalence of systemic diseases in a study population from Sweden. METHODS The subjects were 150 patients from a randomly selected epidemiological sample of 1676 individuals. 120 accepted to participate and their basic and clinical examination data were available for these secondary analyses where dental radiographs were used to record signs for endodontic treatments and AP. Periapical Index and modified Total Dental Index scores were calculated from the x-rays to classify the severity of AP and dental infection burden, respectively. Demographic and hospital record data were collected from the Swedish National Statistics Center. T-test, chi-square and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and regressions analyses were used for statistics. RESULTS Of the 120 patients 41% had AP and 61% had received endodontic treatments of which 52% were radiographically unsatisfactory. AP patients were older and half of them were smokers. AP and periodontitis often appeared in the same patient (32.5%). From all hospital diagnoses, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were most common, showing 20.4% prevalence in AP patients. Regression analyses, controlled for age, gender, income, smoking and periodontitis, showed AP to associate with CVD with odds ratio 3.83 (95% confidence interval 1.18-12.40; p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed our hypothesis by showing that AP statistically associated with cardiovascular diseases. The finding that subjects with AP also often had periodontitis indicates an increased oral inflammatory burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Virtanen
- Biomedicum Helsinki, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tapio Nurmi
- Biomedicum Helsinki, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Östen Söder
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Birgitta Söder
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jukka H Meurman
- Biomedicum Helsinki, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Periapical Status and Quality of Root Canal Fillings in a Moroccan Subpopulation. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:1068982. [PMID: 28713425 PMCID: PMC5497643 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1068982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and quality of root canal fillings in an adult Moroccan subpopulation. METHODS In the study 508 patients were included, attending the Conservative Dentistry Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry of Casablanca. 508 panoramic and 709 periapical radiographs were observed. The periapical status of all teeth (with the exception of third molars) was examined according to Ørstavik's periapical index. The statistical analysis was performed with the software Epi Info Version 6.04dfr, April 2001. RESULTS A total of 12719 teeth were examined. 45.3% of patients had apical periodontitis. 4.2% of teeth were treated endodontically and 70.4% of these treatments were inadequate. 91,5% with inadequate endodontic treatment presented apical periodontitis, while only 8,2% with adequate endodontic treatment had apical periodontitis. The lower molars and the upper premolars were the most affected teeth. The presence of apical periodontitis was correlated significantly with insufficient root canal fillings (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study found a high prevalence of apical periodontitis in this Moroccan population. Inadequate root canal fillings were associated with an increased prevalence of apical periodontitis.
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Ruiz XF, Duran-Sindreu F, Shemesh H, García Font M, Vallés M, Roig Cayón M, Olivieri JG. Development of Periapical Lesions in Endodontically Treated Teeth with and without Periodontal Involvement: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Endod 2017; 43:1246-1249. [PMID: 28606666 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of apical periodontitis (AP) in endodontically treated teeth with and without periodontal involvement. METHODS The records of 602 patients with 775 root canal-treated teeth were initially examined. Only teeth with adequate root canal filling, adequate coronal restoration, and no AP (periapical index = 1) were selected for further investigation. A total of 194 teeth were included in this cohort study. Age, sex, history of diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, and immunodeficiency disorders were recorded. Two groups were made according to the periodontal status of the patients. The control group included periodontally healthy patients and the periodontal group patients with periodontal disease receiving nonsurgical periodontal treatment. After an observation period of at least 2 years, the incidence of AP was scored using the periapical index. The relationship between patients' variables and AP was conducted using the Cohen kappa test, the chi-square test, odds ratio (OR), and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Newly emerged AP was found in 14% of periodontally involved teeth and in 3% of nonperiodontal involved teeth (P < .05, OR = 5.19, 95% confidence interval). The periodontal condition and hypertension were the only significant factors associated with the presence of AP in the follow-up after univariate logistic regression. Adjusting for hypertension, multivariate logistic regressions showed that periodontal status remained significant (OR = 5.25, 95% CI, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The risk of developing AP in endodontically treated teeth is 5.19 times higher for patients with periodontal disease compared with patients without periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier-Fructuós Ruiz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Duran-Sindreu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hagay Shemesh
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc García Font
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vallés
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Roig Cayón
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Gonzalo Olivieri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tassoker M, Akgunlu F. Radiographic evaluation of periapical status and frequency of endodontic treatment in a turkish population: a retrospective study. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2016; 50:10-16. [PMID: 28955560 PMCID: PMC5573526 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.89048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment in a Turkish population using a retrospective analysis of orthopantomograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of orthopantomographs of 250 subjects who had been referred to our clinic for an initial visit between the years of 2013 and 2014. The periapical status of all teeth (with the exception of third molars) was examined using periapical index scoring system (PAI). Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-squared test at the significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS The study sample comprised 6196 teeth belonging to 250 patients. Out of 6196 examined teeth, the frequencies of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment was 1.8% and 3.7%, respectively. Gender had no effect on the presence of apical periodontitis or the frequency of endodontic treatment. The frequency of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment increased with age, but it did not show statistical significance among different age groups. CONCLUSION This study provides epidemiological data about apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment in a Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Tassoker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University,
Turkey
| | - Faruk Akgunlu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University,
Turkey
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Influence of tobacco smoking on dental periapical condition in a sample of Croatian adults. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 128:260-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Correia-Sousa J, Madureira AR, Carvalho MF, Teles AM, Pina-Vaz I. Apical periodontitis and related risk factors: Cross-sectional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpemd.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J, Castellanos-Cosano L. Endodontic medicine: connections between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases. Int Endod J 2015; 48:933-51. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Segura-Egea
- Endodontic Section; Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of Sevilla; Sevilla Spain
| | - J. Martín-González
- Endodontic Section; Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of Sevilla; Sevilla Spain
| | - L. Castellanos-Cosano
- Special Care Dentistry Section; Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of Sevilla; Sevilla Spain
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Rôças IN, Siqueira JF, Del Aguila CA, Provenzano JC, Guilherme BP, Gonçalves LS. Polymorphism of the CD14 and TLR4 Genes and Post-treatment Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2014; 40:168-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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López-López J, Castellanos-Cosano L, Estrugo-Devesa A, Gómez-Vaquero C, Velasco-Ortega E, Segura-Egea JJ. Radiolucent periapical lesions and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Gerodontology 2013; 32:195-201. [PMID: 24164489 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between radiolucent periapical lesions and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-five post-menopausal women were recruited for the study. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Three groups were established: healthy bone group, osteopenic group and osteoporotic group. Periapical radiolucencies were diagnosed on the basis of examination of digital panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was carried out using anova and chi-squared tests, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In both the osteopenic and osteoporotic groups, 25% of women showed at least one periapical radiolucency, whereas this was only 7.4% in the healthy bone group (odds ratio = 4.2; p = 0.061). After multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for covariates (age, number of teeth, number of root-filled teeth and number of teeth with coronal restorations), a marginally significant association was evident between bone mineral density and the presence of periapical radiolucencies (odds ratio = 1.9; CI 95% = 1.0-3.8; p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for covariates, low bone mineral density is marginally associated with a higher frequency of radiolucent periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José López-López
- Department of Odontostomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Albert Estrugo-Devesa
- Department of Odontostomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Castellanos-Cosano L, Machuca-Portillo G, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Torres-Lagares D, López-López J, Velasco-Ortega E, Segura-Egea JJ. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and frequency of root canal treatments in liver transplant candidates. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e773-9. [PMID: 23722148 PMCID: PMC3790651 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment in liver transplant candidates and control healthy subjects.
Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Forty two liver transplant candidates (LTC) (study group) and 42 control subjects. Digital panoramic radiographs where used. Periapical status was scored according to the periapical index (PAI). Results were analysed statistically using the Chi-squared test and logistic regression.
Results: Radiographic signs of AP in one or more teeth was found in 79% of patients in the study group and in 50% of control subjects (p = 0.008; OR = 3.7; C. I. 95% = 1.4 - 9.5). One or more root-filled teeth (RFT) were found in 19% and 62% of study and control subjects, respectively (p = 0.0001; OR = 0.14; 95% C. I. = 0.05 - 0.38). Among LTC patients 14.7% of the teeth had AP, whereas in the control subjects 4.2% of teeth were affected (p= 0.0002). The percentage of RFT in the study and control groups was 1.5% and 6.8%, respectively (p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Liver transplant candidates have significantly higher prevalence of radiographic periapical lesions and lower frequency of RFT than controls healthy subjects.
Key words:Apical periodontitis, endodontics, hepatic cirrhosis, liver disease, liver transplant, oral health, root-canal treatment.
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Castellanos-Cosano L, Machuca-Portillo G, Sánchez-Domínguez B, Torrés-Lagares D, López-López J, Segura-Egea JJ. High prevalence of radiolucent periapical lesions amongst patients with inherited coagulation disorders. Haemophilia 2013; 19:e110-5. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Castellanos-Cosano
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry; University of Sevilla; Sevilla; Spain
| | - G. Machuca-Portillo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry; University of Sevilla; Sevilla; Spain
| | | | - D. Torrés-Lagares
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry; University of Sevilla; Sevilla; Spain
| | - J. López-López
- Department of Odontostomatology, School of Dentistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona; Spain
| | - J. J. Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry; University of Sevilla; Sevilla; Spain
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37
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Is smoking a predictor of apical periodontitis? Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1947-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Eder A, Koegl E, von Duvillard SP, Sinzinger H, Berent R. Influence of cigarette smoking on synthesis of eicosanoids, isoprostanes and lipoxygenase metabolites in apical periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1133-40. [PMID: 22682033 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized to eicosanoids and isoprostanes (IPs) via different pathways. The presence of granuloma in apical periodontitis (AP) is linked with inflammation and the synthesis of metabolites of AA. OBJECTIVE We investigated the conversion rate of (14)C labelled arachidonic acid ((14)C-AA), the lipoxygenases (LOX) products and the endogenous synthesis of eicosanoids and IPs in extracted granuloma. Furthermore, we assessed if there are markers for bone destruction and the influence of cigarette smoking. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 46 patients with symptoms and corresponding radiological signs of AP, teeth were extracted including the periapical granuloma. The endogenous synthesis of eicosanoids and IPs, the conversion rate of (14)C-AA and LOX products in extracted granuloma were analyzed. RESULTS We found that smoking increases significantly the synthesis of IPs and LOX-metabolites in granuloma. Furthermore, smoking may have contributed to significant differences in qualitative and quantitative profile of eicosanoids, IPs and the conversion rate of (14)C-AA independent of the size of the granuloma. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that in smokers with granuloma due to AP products of lipid peroxidation as 8-iso-PGF(2α) and products of the LOX-pathway are increased at the expense of cyclooxygenase products. The size of granuloma did not influence the amount of synthesized eicosanoids, IPs or LOX-metabolites out of (14)C-AA whereas cigarette smoking was a significantly influencing and modifiable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eder
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Dental Medical School Vienna, Austria
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39
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An analysis of oral radiographic findings and their interpretations in women with eating disorders. J Dent Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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40
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Walter C, Rodriguez FR, Taner B, Hecker H, Weiger R. Association of tobacco use and periapical pathosis - a systematic review. Int Endod J 2012; 45:1065-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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López-López J, Jané-Salas E, Martín-González J, Castellanos-Cosano L, Llamas-Carreras JM, Velasco-Ortega E, Segura-Egea JJ. Tobacco Smoking and Radiographic Periapical Status: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. J Endod 2012; 38:584-8. [PMID: 22515883 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José López-López
- Department of Odontostomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Persić R, Kqiku L, Brumini G, Husetić M, Pezelj-Ribarić S, Brekalo Prso I, Städtler P. Difference in the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth between the samples of Croatian and Austrian adult patients. Croat Med J 2012; 52:672-8. [PMID: 22180265 PMCID: PMC3243316 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth between Austrian and Croatian adult patients and determine its relation to age, sex, position of teeth, and length of root canal filling. Methods The study was conducted from 2007 to 2009 at two university dental clinics and included 163 Croatian (412 teeth) and 101 Austrian (430 teeth) patients. We assessed the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth by using the periapical index system and determined its relation to age, sex, position of teeth, and length of root canal filling. Results Austrian patients had a greater number of diseased endodontically treated teeth than Croatian patients (P = 0.001). In the age group 31-40 years, Austrian patients had apical periodontitis significantly more often (22.1% vs 12.2%, P < 0.001) than Croatian patients. In relation to sex and position of teeth, no significant difference was found between the two groups. In Croatian patients, apical periodontitis was significantly more often present in molar than premolar (46.2% vs 29.7%, P = 0.022) and front teeth (46.2% vs 24.1%, P < 0.001). In Austrian patients, apical periodontitis was significantly more often present in molar and premolar than front teeth (molar-front teeth: 38.2% vs 25.5%, P = 0.011; premolar-front teeth: 36.3% vs 25.5%, P = 0.029). Croatian and Austrian patients significantly differed in the number of adequately filled and underfilled teeth with AP (both P<0.001). Conclusion Apical periodontitis was significantly more present in endodontically treated teeth in Austrian patients. The difference in the periapical status between Croatian and Austrian patients was most related to age and length of root canal filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Persić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Segura-Egea JJ, Castellanos-Cosano L, Machuca G, López-López J, Martín-González J, Velasco-Ortega E, Sánchez-Domínguez B, López-Frías FJ. Diabetes mellitus, periapical inflammation and endodontic treatment outcome. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e356-61. [PMID: 22143698 PMCID: PMC3448330 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible connection between chronic oral inflammatory processes, such as apical periodontitis and periodontal disease (PD), and systemic health is one of the most interesting aspects faced by the medical and dental scientific community. Chronic apical periodontitis shares important characteristics with PD: 1) both are chronic infections of the oral cavity, 2) the Gram-negative anaerobic microbiota found in both diseases is comparable, and 3) in both infectious processes increased local levels of inflammatory mediators may have an impact on systemic levels. One of the systemic disorders linked to PD is diabetes mellitus (DM); is therefore plausible to assume that chronic apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment are also associated with DM. The status of knowledge regarding the relationship between DM and endodontics is reviewed. Upon review, we conclude that there are data in the literature that associate DM with a higher prevalence of periapical lesions, greater size of the osteolityc lesions, greater likelihood of asymptomatic infections and worse prognosis for root filled teeth. The results of some studies suggest that periapical disease may contribute to diabetic metabolic dyscontrol. Key words: Apical periodontitis, diabetes mellitus, endodontics, root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Segura-Egea
- Dpto. Estomatología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
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López-López J, Jané-Salas E, Estrugo-Devesa A, Castellanos-Cosano L, Martín-González J, Velasco-Ortega E, Segura-Egea JJ. Frequency and distribution of root-filled teeth and apical periodontitis in an adult population of Barcelona, Spain. Int Dent J 2012; 62:40-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2011.00087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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45
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Guilherme BPS, Ferreira DC, Rôças IN, Provenzano JC, Santos KRN, Siqueira JF. Herpesvirus carriage in saliva and posttreatment apical periodontitis: searching for association. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:678-83. [PMID: 21831677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herpesvirus infection can cause immunosuppression and then act as a modifier of apical periodontitis, influencing the disease severity and response to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate if herpesvirus infection, as inferred by salivary carriage, may influence the endodontic treatment outcome. STUDY DESIGN The study population included 72 patients who had root canals treated more than 1 year previously because of necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis. At the follow-up examination, 27 of these patients presented with posttreatment apical periodontitis (failure) and 45 individuals exhibited healed/healing periradicular tissues (success). Saliva was collected from these individuals, DNA was extracted, subjected to multiple displacement amplification, and screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the presence of 6 herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). RESULTS Except for HSV-1/2, all other herpesviruses were detected in saliva from both healed/healing and diseased groups. HHV-8 was the most frequent herpesvirus found in saliva (84% in success, 89% in failure), followed by HCMV (22% in success, 30% in failure), EBV (16% in success, 18.5% in failure) and HHV-6 (7% in success, 15% in failure). No significant association of herpesvirus carriage in saliva with poor treatment outcome was discernible in the population studied (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Data from the present study suggest that herpesvirus infection may not influence the outcome of endodontic treatment. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca P S Guilherme
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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46
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Segura-Egea JJ, Castellanos-Cosano L, Velasco-Ortega E, Ríos-Santos JV, Llamas-Carreras JM, Machuca G, López-Frías FJ. Relationship between Smoking and Endodontic Variables in Hypertensive Patients. J Endod 2011; 37:764-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Segura-Egea JJ, Velasco-Ortega E, Torres-Lagares D, Velasco-Ponferrada MC, Monsalve-Guil L, Llamas-Carreras JM. Pattern of antibiotic prescription in the management of endodontic infections amongst Spanish oral surgeons. Int Endod J 2010; 43:342-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Relationship Between Fcγ Receptor and Interleukin-1 Gene Polymorphisms and Post-treatment Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2009; 35:1186-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Wu MK, Shemesh H, Wesselink PR. Limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcome of endodontic treatment. Int Endod J 2009; 42:656-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Walter C, Krastl G, Weiger R. Step-wise treatment of two periodontal-endodontic lesions in a heavy smoker. Int Endod J 2008; 41:1015-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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