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Adler G, Uzar I, Valjevac A, Kiseljakovic E, Mahmutbegovic E, Salkic NN, Adler MA, Mahmutbegovic N. Genetic Diversity of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 Variants in East-Central and South European Populations. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 49:210-215. [PMID: 35815612 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYP3A5 enzyme encoded by CYP3A5 is important for drug metabolism in gut and liver, whereas P-glycoprotein by ABCB1, is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump which exports endo- and exogenous substances outside the cell. Aim: The study was to assess the prevalence of CYP3A5 alleles: *1, *2, *3, *4, *6 and *7, and C and T of ABCB1 in Poles, Belarusians and Bosnians and to compare it with the data reported from other European populations. Subjects and methods: Overall, 511 unrelated healthy subjects from Poland (n = 239), Belarus (n = 104) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 168) were included in this study. Allele frequencies and statistical parameters (AMOVA version 2.9.3) were determined. Results: In Poles, Belarusians and Bosnians the *3 allele of CYP3A5 was the most common, and wild-type allele *1, were: 5.8%, 1.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Allele *2 was very rare, and alleles *4, *6 and *7 were not detected. For the populations mentioned above, the ABCB1 allele C was: 48.1%, 51.4%, 52.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION In compared populations, the distribution of CYP3A5 variants but not ABCB1, differed significantly. Alleles *4, *6 and *7 of CYP3A5 did not occur or occurred rarely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Adler
- Department of Studies in Antropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Uzar
- Department of General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Amina Valjevac
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emina Kiseljakovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emir Mahmutbegovic
- Institution of Health Protection of Women and Motherhood Canton Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nermin N Salkic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Nevena Mahmutbegovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Qi G, Han C, Zhou Y, Wang X. Allele and genotype frequencies of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms among mainland Tibetan, Mongolian, Uyghur, and Han Chinese populations. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:219-227. [PMID: 34689350 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 50% prescribed drugs are metabolised by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) adds a glutathione to the oxidative products by CYP3A, which increases the hydrophilic property of metabolites and facilitates the excretion. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP3A and GSTP1 show a diverse allele and genotype frequencies distribution among the world populations. The present study aimed to investigate the genotype and allele frequency distribution patterns of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7 and GSTP1 polymorphisms among healthy participants in mainland Tibetan, Mongolian, Uyghur, and Han Chinese populations. Blood samples were collected from 842 unrelated healthy subjects (323 Tibetan, 134 Mongolian, 162 Uyghur, and 223 Han) for genotyping analysis. Variant allele frequencies of CYP3A4 rs2242480, CYP3A5 rs776746, CYP3A7 rs2257401, and GSTP1 Ile105Val were observed in Han (0.253, 0.686, 0.312 and 0.188), Tibetan (0.186, 0.819, 0.192 and 0.173), Mongolian (0.198, 0.784, 0.228 and 0.235) and Uyghur (0.179, 0.858, 0.182 and 0.250) respectively. The allele frequency of CYP3A7*1C in Uyghur (0.019) was higher than that in Tibetan (0.002, p < 0.01). There was a strong linkage disequilibrium between CYP3A4 rs2242480, CYP3A5 rs776746, and CYP3A7 rs2257401 among the four ethnic groups. The results might be useful for the precise medication in the Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Between a Rock and a Hard Place: An Epigenetic-Centric View of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071506. [PMID: 33805941 PMCID: PMC8036638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This minireview focuses on the role of epigenetics in testicular cancer. A working model is developed that postulates that epigenetic features that drive testicular cancer malignancy also enable these tumors to be cured at a high rate with chemotherapy. Chemoresistance may occur by epigenetic uncoupling of malignancy and chemosensitivity, a scenario that may be amenable to epigenetic-based therapies. Abstract Compared to many common solid tumors, the main genetic drivers of most testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are unknown. Decades of focus on genomic alterations in TGCTs including awareness of a near universal increase in copies of chromosome 12p have failed to uncover exceptional driver genes, especially in genes that can be targeted therapeutically. Thus far, TGCT patients have missed out on the benefits of targeted therapies available to treat most other malignancies. In the past decade there has been a greater appreciation that epigenetics may play an especially prominent role in TGCT etiology, progression, and hypersensitivity to conventional chemotherapy. While genetics undoubtedly plays a role in TGCT biology, this mini-review will focus on the epigenetic “states” or features of testicular cancer, with an emphasis on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNAs associated with TGCT susceptibility, initiation, progression, and response to chemotherapy. In addition, we comment on the current status of epigenetic-based therapy and epigenetic biomarker development for TGCTs. Finally, we suggest a unifying “rock and a hard place” or “differentiate or die” model where the tumorigenicity and curability of TGCTs are both dependent on common but still ill-defined epigenetic states.
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Li H, Lampe JN. Neonatal cytochrome P450 CYP3A7: A comprehensive review of its role in development, disease, and xenobiotic metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 673:108078. [PMID: 31445893 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 CYP3A7, once thought to be an enzyme exclusive to fetal livers, has more recently been identified in neonates and developing infants as old as 24 months post-gestational age. CYP3A7 has been demonstrated to metabolize two endogenous compounds that are known to be important in the growth and development of the fetus and neonate, namely dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). In addition, it is also known to metabolize a variety of drugs and xenobiotics, albeit generally to a lesser extent relative to CYP3A4/5. CYP3A7 is an important component in the development and protection of the fetal liver and additionally plays a role in certain disease states, such as cancer and adrenal hyperplasia. Ultimately, a full understanding of the expression, regulation, and metabolic properties of CYP3A7 is needed to provide neonates with appropriate individualized pharmacotherapy. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge of CYP3A7, including its discovery, distribution, alleles, RNA splicing, expression and regulation, metabolic properties, substrates, and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, 330047, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jed N Lampe
- University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mail Stop C238, 12850 E. Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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The role of phase I and II genetic polymorphisms, smoking, alcohol and cancer family history, in the risk of developing testicular cancer. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2019; 29:159-166. [PMID: 31107374 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer (TCa) is a malignant tumor with highest incidence and mortality rates in Chile. The genes coding for cytochrome P450, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and UDP glucuronyl transferases (UGT) participate in the biotransformation and detoxification of xenobiotics. Mutations in these genes have been associated with a high incidence of various types of cancer and an increased risk of presenting adverse reactions to drugs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to relate the presence of genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP3A4, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, and UGT1A1 genes and nongenetic factors with the risk of developing TCa. METHODS A total of 276 volunteers from the Chilean general population and 251 Chilean TCa patients were recruited for the study. Genotypic analyses were performed using qPCR and PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Variant alleles found to increase the risk of developing TCa were CYP1A1*2C (rs1048943), GSTP1 (rs1695), and GSTT1null, especially when in conjunction with a cancer family history and/or a smoking habit. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the presence of variant alleles of GSTP1 (rs1695) together with a smoking habit and a family history of cancer accounted for a 15.9% risk of developing TCa in the Chilean population. CYP1A1*2C, GSTM1null, GSTT1null, and GSTP1 (rs1695) are statistically related to the risk of appearance of TCa, alone or associated with nongenetic factors. CONCLUSION Therefore, phase I and II variant alleles might be useful in evaluating susceptibility to TCa in the studied population.
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Nigam K, Sanyal S, Gupta S, Gupta OP, Mahdi AA, Bhatt MLB. Alteration of the Risk of Oral Pre-Cancer and Cancer in North India Population by CYP1A1 Polymorphism Genotypes and
Haplotype. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:345-354. [PMID: 30803192 PMCID: PMC6897020 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate any association between CYP1A1 (T6235C and C4887A, A4889G) gene polymorphisms and the risk of oral pre-cancer and cancer. Methods: In the present study, 250 patients with oral pre-cancer and/or cancer and 250 healthy controls were genotyped for CYP1A1 T6235C, C4887A and A4889G polymorphisms by the PCR-RFLP method. Results: None of the CYP1A1 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of either oral cancer or pre cancer. Nor were any links with clinical parameters of oral cancer found. However, among the consumers of areca nut/pan masala the TC, CA and AG genotypes respectively for the CYP1A1 T6235C,C4887Aand A4889G polymorphisms were significantly more frequent in controls compared to cases (p values for cases vs. controls of 0.0032, 0.0019 and 0.0009, respectively). Similarly, compared to the haplotype TCA, TAG constituted by CYP1A1 T6235C and C4887A and A4889G was more common in controls (6.88%) than in cases (4.07%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that genotypes regarding CYP1A1 polymorphisms may modulate the risk of oral cancer and pre-cancer among the areca nut/pan masala consumers. The haplotype may also exert an influence in our north Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Nigam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.
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Facchini G, Rossetti S, Cavaliere C, D'Aniello C, Di Franco R, Iovane G, Grimaldi G, Piscitelli R, Muto P, Botti G, Perdonà S, Veneziani BM, Berretta M, Montanari M. Exploring the molecular aspects associated with testicular germ cell tumors: a review. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1365-1379. [PMID: 29416701 PMCID: PMC5787445 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common solid tumors affecting young men. They constitute a distinct entity because of their embryonic origin and their unique biological behavior. Recent preclinical data regarding biological signaling machinery as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms associated with molecular patterns of tumors have contribute to explain the pathogenesis and the differentiation of TGCTs and to understand the mechanisms responsible for the development of resistance to treatment. In this review, we discuss the main genetic and epigenetic events associated with TGCTs development in order to better define their role in the pathogenesis of these tumors and in cisplatin-acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Facchini
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea Progettuale 14 per l'Implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,S.S.D Oncologia Clinica Sperimentale Uro-Andrologica, Dipartimento Corp-S Assistenziale dei Percorsi Oncologici Uro-Genitale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea Progettuale 14 per l'Implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,S.S.D Oncologia Clinica Sperimentale Uro-Andrologica, Dipartimento Corp-S Assistenziale dei Percorsi Oncologici Uro-Genitale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASL NA 3 SUD, Ospedali Riuniti Area Nolana, Nola, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Aniello
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI "Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO", Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Franco
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea Progettuale 14 per l'Implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Iovane
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea Progettuale 14 per l'Implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,S.S.D Oncologia Clinica Sperimentale Uro-Andrologica, Dipartimento Corp-S Assistenziale dei Percorsi Oncologici Uro-Genitale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grimaldi
- Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Piscitelli
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea Progettuale 14 per l'Implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Scientific Management, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Micaela Montanari
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea Progettuale 14 per l'Implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
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Fernandes GMM, Russo A, Proença MA, Gazola NF, Rodrigues GH, Biselli-Chicote PM, Silva AE, Netinho JG, Pavarino &EC, Goloni-Bertollo EM. CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and EPHX1 polymorphisms in sporadic colorectal neoplasms. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9974-9983. [PMID: 28018104 PMCID: PMC5143764 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i45.9974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in the CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and EPHX1 genes on sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC) risk.
METHODS Six hundred forty-one individuals (227 patients with SCRC and 400 controls) were enrolled in the study. The variables analyzed were age, gender, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and clinical and histopathological tumor parameters. The CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E1*6 polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The EPHX1 Tyr113His, EPHX1 His139Arg and CYP1A1*2C polymorphisms were detected by real-time PCR. Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. Haplotype analysis was conducted using the Haploview program, version 2.05.
RESULTS Age over 62 years was a risk factor for SCRC development (OR = 7.54, 95%CI: 4.94-11.50, P < 0.01). Male individuals were less susceptible to SCRC (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.35-0.85, P < 0.01). The CYP2E1*5B polymorphism was associated with SCRC in the codominant (heterozygous genotype: OR = 2.66, 95%CI: 1.64-4.32, P < 0.01), dominant (OR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.74-4.55, P < 0.01), overdominant (OR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.59-4.19, P < 0.01), and log-additive models (OR = 2.84, 95%CI: 1.78-4.52, P < 0.01). The CYP2E1*6 polymorphism was associated with an increased SCRC risk in codominant (heterozygous genotype: OR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.84-4.28, P < 0.01; homozygous polymorphic: OR = 7.32, 95%CI: 1.85-28.96, P < 0.01), dominant (OR = 2.97, 95%CI: 1.97-4.50, P < 0.01), recessive (OR = 5.26, 95%CI: 1.35-20.50, P = 0.016), overdominant (OR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.74-4.01, P < 0.01), and log-additive models (OR = 2.78, 95%CI: 1.91-4.06, P < 0.01). The haplotype formed by the minor alleles of the CYP2E1*5B (C) and CYP2E1*6 (A) polymorphisms was associated with SCRC (P = 0.002). However, the CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C, EPHX1 Tyr113His and EPHX1 His139Arg polymorphisms were not associated with SCRC.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results demonstrated that CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E1*6 minor alleles play a role in the development of SCRC.
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Szalai R, Ganczer A, Magyari L, Matyas P, Bene J, Melegh B. Interethnic differences of cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms may influence outcome of taxane therapy in Roma and Hungarian populations. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 30:453-6. [PMID: 26507668 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes are widely used microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancers. Several cytochrome P450 gene variants have been proven to influence taxane metabolism and therapy. The purpose of this work was to determine the distribution of genetic variations of CYP1B1, CYP2C8 and CYP3A5 genes as the first report on taxane metabolizer cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms in Roma and Hungarian populations. A total of 397 Roma and 412 Hungarian healthy subjects were genotyped for CYP1B1 c.4326C > G, CYP2C8 c.792C > G and CYP3A5 c.6986A > G variant alleles by PCR-RFLP assay and direct sequencing. We found significant differences in the frequencies of homozygous variant genotypes of CYP1B1 4326 GG (p = 0.002) and CYP3A5 6986 GG (p < 0.001) between Roma and Hungarian populations. Regarding minor allele frequencies, for CYP2C8 a significantly increased prevalence was found in 792G allele frequency in the Hungarian population compared to the Roma population (5.83% vs. 2.14%, p = 0.001). Our results can be used as possible predictive factors in population specific treatment algorithms to developing effective programs for a better outcome in patients treated with taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Szalai
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, H-7624 Pecs, Ifjusag 20, Hungary
| | - Alma Ganczer
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
| | - Lili Magyari
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, H-7624 Pecs, Ifjusag 20, Hungary
| | - Petra Matyas
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Department of Medical Genetics, H-7624 Pecs, Szigeti 12, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, Human Genetic and Pharmacogenomic Research Group, H-7624 Pecs, Ifjusag 20, Hungary.
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Blackburn HL, Ellsworth DL, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. Role of cytochrome P450 genes in breast cancer etiology and treatment: effects on estrogen biosynthesis, metabolism, and response to endocrine therapy. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:319-32. [PMID: 25554091 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes are oxygenases involved in estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism, generation of DNA damaging procarcinogens, and response to anti-estrogen therapies. Since lifetime estrogen exposure is an established risk factor for breast cancer, determining the role of CYP genes in breast cancer etiology may provide critical information for understanding tumorigenesis and response to treatment. METHODS This review summarizes literature available in PubMed published between 1993 and 2013 that focuses on studies evaluating the effects of DNA variants in CYP genes on estrogen synthesis, metabolism, and generation of procarcinogens in addition to response to anti-estrogen therapies. RESULTS Evaluation of DNA variants in estrogen metabolism genes was largely inconclusive. Meta-analyses of data from CYP19A1 support an association between the number of (TTTA) n repeats in intron 4 and breast cancer risk, but the biological mechanism for this relationship is unknown. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphism in CYP1B1 and DNA damage caused by procarcinogenic estrogen metabolites were ambiguous. Variants in CYP2D6 are associated with altered metabolism tamoxifen; however, current data do not support widespread clinical testing. The effect of variants in CYP19A1 in response to aromatase inhibitors is also questionable. CONCLUSION Evaluation of DNA variants in CYP genes involved with estrogen metabolism or treatment response has been inconclusive, reflecting small samples sizes, tumor heterogeneity, and differences between populations. Better-powered studies that account for genetic backgrounds and tumor phenotypes are thus necessary.
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Rijlaarsdam MA, Looijenga LHJ. An oncofetal and developmental perspective on testicular germ cell cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:59-74. [PMID: 25066859 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent a diverse group of tumors presumably originating from (early fetal) developing germ cells. Most frequent are the testicular germ cell cancers (TGCC). Overall, TGCC is the most frequent malignancy in Caucasian males (20-40 years) and remains an important cause of (treatment related) mortality in these young men. The strong association between the phenotype of TGCC stem cell components and their totipotent ancestor (fetal primordial germ cell or gonocyte) makes these tumors highly relevant from an onco-fetal point of view. This review subsequently discusses the evidence for the early embryonic origin of TGCCs, followed by an overview of the crucial association between TGCC pathogenesis, genetics, environmental exposure and the (fetal) testicular micro-environment (genvironment). This culminates in an evaluation of three genvironmentally modulated hallmarks of TGCC directly related to the oncofetal pathogenesis of TGCC: (1) maintenance of pluripotency, (2) cell cycle control/cisplatin sensitivity and (3) regulation of proliferation/migration/apoptosis by KIT-KITL mediated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Briefly, TGCC exhibit identifiable stem cell components (seminoma and embryonal carcinoma) and progenitors that show large and consistent similarities to primordial/embryonic germ cells, their presumed totipotent cells of origin. TGCC pathogenesis depends crucially on a complex interaction of genetic and (micro-)environmental, i.e. genvironmental risk factors that have only been partly elucidated despite significant effort. TGCC stem cell components also show a high degree of similarity with embryonic stem/germ cells (ES) in the regulation of pluripotency and cell cycle control, directly related to their exquisite sensitivity to DNA damaging agents (e.g. cisplatin). Of note, (ES specific) micro-RNAs play a pivotal role in the crossover between cell cycle control, pluripotency and chemosensitivity. Moreover, multiple consistent observations reported TGCC to be associated with KIT-KITL mediated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, a pathway crucially implicated in proliferation, migration and survival during embryogenesis including germ cell development. In conclusion, TGCCs are a fascinating model for onco-fetal developmental processes especially with regard to studying cell cycle control, pluripotency maintenance and KIT-KITL signaling. The knowledge presented here contributes to better understanding of the molecular characteristics of TGCC pathogenesis, translating to identification of at risk individuals and enhanced quality of care for TGCC patients (diagnosis, treatment and follow-up).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert H J Looijenga
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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He XF, Liu ZZ, Xie JJ, Wang W, Du YP, Chen Y, Wei W. Association between the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms and cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9859-77. [PMID: 24989928 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously published data on the association between CYP3A4 A392G and CYP3A5 Met235Thr polymorphisms and the risk of cancer remained controversial. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between cancer susceptibility and CYP3A4 A392G (18,629 cases and 22,323 controls from 49 studies) and CYP3A5 Met235Thr polymorphisms (14,334 cases and 18,183 from 39 studies) in different inheritance models. We used odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals to assess the strength of the association. Overall, significant association was found between CYP3A4 A392G polymorphism and cancer susceptibility (dominant model, odds ratio (OR) = 1.19; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.38). In the further stratified and sensitivity analyses, significant increased prostate cancer risk was found among Caucasians (dominant model, OR = 1.88; 95 % CI = 1.20-2.95; recessive model, OR = 2.10; 95 % CI = 1.23-3.60; additive model, OR = 1.80, 95 % CI = 1.24-2.63; homozygous model, OR = 2.34, 95 % CI = 1.36-4.03; heterozygote model, OR = 1.79, 95 % CI = 1.11-2.89) for CYP3A4 A392G. For CYP3A5 Met235Thr polymorphism, no significant association was found among overall analysis and any subgroup analysis. In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that CYP3A4 A392G polymorphism is associated with increased prostate cancer risk among Caucasians and CYP3A5 Met235Thr polymorphism is not associated with the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng He
- Department of Research, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, People's Republic of China
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13
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Boublikova L, Buchler T, Stary J, Abrahamova J, Trka J. Molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors: Unique features awaiting clinical application. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 89:366-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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14
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Park JY, Cha YJ, Kim KA. CYP3A5*3Polymorphism and Its Clinical Implications and Pharmacokinetic Role. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2014. [DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2014.22.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Yu-Jung Cha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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15
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Association between the CYP1A1 T3801C polymorphism and risk of cancer: Evidence from 268 case–control studies. Gene 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Andreassen KE, Kristiansen W, Karlsson R, Aschim EL, Dahl O, Fosså SD, Adami HO, Wiklund F, Haugen TB, Grotmol T. Genetic variation in AKT1, PTEN and the 8q24 locus, and the risk of testicular germ cell tumor. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:1995-2002. [PMID: 23639623 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) and genetic polymorphisms in AKT1, PTEN and the 8q24 locus? SUMMARY ANSWER Our findings suggest that genetic variation in PTEN may influence the risk of TGCT. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is strong evidence that genetic variation influences the risk of TGCT. The oncogene, AKT1, the tumor suppressor gene, PTEN and the chromosome 8q24 locus play important roles in cancer development in general. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We have conducted a population-based Norwegian-Swedish case-parent study, based on cases diagnosed in 1990-2008, including 831 triads (TGCT case and both parents), 474 dyads (TGCT case and one parent) and 712 singletons (only the TGCT case). In addition we expanded the study to include 3922 unrelated male controls from the TwinGene project. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We genotyped 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AKT1, PTEN and the 8q24 locus. First, triads and dyads were included in a likelihood-based association test. To increase the statistical power, case singletons and controls from the TwinGene project were included in a single test for association. We examined if the allelic effect on TGCT risk differed by histological subgroup, country of origin or parent of origin. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with Bonferroni correction (P bonf) for multiple testing. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the case-parent analyses, none of the 26 SNPs were significantly associated with TGCT. Of the 23 SNPs investigated in the combined study, one SNP in PTEN (rs11202586) remained associated with TGCT risk after adjusting for multiple testing (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06-1.28, P bonf = 0.040). We found no difference in risk according to histological subgroup, parent of origin or between countries. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study is strengthened by the population-based design and large sample size, which gives high power to detect risk alleles. The reported association was not highly significant, and although it was based on an a priori hypothesis of this tumor suppressor gene being implicated in the etiology of TGCT, replication studies, as well as functional studies of this polymorphism, are warranted. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We report, to our knowledge, a novel association between TGCT and a marker in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. Previous studies have linked PTEN to TGCT etiology, and there is also a link between PTEN and KITLG, which contains TGCT susceptibility loci revealed through recent genome-wide studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Andreassen
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, Oslo NO-0434, Norway. kristine.engen.andreassen@ous
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17
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Karlsson R, Andreassen KE, Kristiansen W, Aschim EL, Bremnes RM, Dahl O, Fosså SD, Klepp O, Langberg CW, Solberg A, Tretli S, Magnusson PK, Adami HO, Haugen TB, Grotmol T, Wiklund F. Investigation of six testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility genes suggests a parent-of-origin effect in SPRY4. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3373-80. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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18
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CYP3A5*3 polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2357-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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19
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Schumacher FR, Wang Z, Skotheim RI, Koster R, Chung CC, Hildebrandt MAT, Kratz CP, Bakken AC, Bishop DT, Cook MB, Erickson RL, Fosså SD, Greene MH, Jacobs KB, Kanetsky PA, Kolonel LN, Loud JT, Korde LA, Le Marchand L, Lewinger JP, Lothe RA, Pike MC, Rahman N, Rubertone MV, Schwartz SM, Siegmund KD, Skinner EC, Turnbull C, Van Den Berg DJ, Wu X, Yeager M, Nathanson KL, Chanock SJ, Cortessis VK, McGlynn KA. Testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility associated with the UCK2 locus on chromosome 1q23. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2748-53. [PMID: 23462292 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). A previous GWAS reported a possible TGCT susceptibility locus on chromosome 1q23 in the UCK2 gene, but failed to reach genome-wide significance following replication. We interrogated this region by conducting a meta-analysis of two independent GWASs including a total of 940 TGCT cases and 1559 controls for 122 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 1q23 and followed up the most significant SNPs in an additional 2202 TGCT cases and 2386 controls from four case-control studies. We observed genome-wide significant associations for several UCK2 markers, the most significant of which was for rs3790665 (PCombined = 6.0 × 10(-9)). Additional support is provided from an independent familial study of TGCT where a significant over-transmission for rs3790665 with TGCT risk was observed (PFBAT = 2.3 × 10(-3)). Here, we provide substantial evidence for the association between UCK2 genetic variation and TGCT risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Kristiansen W, Aschim EL, Andersen JM, Witczak O, Fosså SD, Haugen TB. Variations in testosterone pathway genes and susceptibility to testicular cancer in Norwegian men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 35:819-827. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Balaji L, Singh KB, Bhaskar LVKS. CYP1A1 genotypes and haplotypes and risk of oral cancer: A case-control study in South Indians. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:407-12. [PMID: 22888287 PMCID: PMC3389526 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012005000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The CYP1A1 gene encodes for the enzyme, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, which is involved in the biotransformation of various aromatic tobacco precarcinogens. In the present study, the association between CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms (IVS1-728G > A, Thr461Asn and Ile462Val), and the risk of oral cancer, was examined among 157 patients with oral cancer and 132 age-matched controls, in a south Indian population. The strength of the association between CYP1A1 variants and oral cancer was estimated by logistic regression. It was found that Thr461Asn was not polymorphic. Both IVS1-728G > A and Ile462Val frequencies were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group. There were no significant differences in genotype or haplotype frequencies between controls and cases with oral cancer. Hence, CYP1A1 SNPs can be considered as not being associated with oral cancer at either the genotype or haplotype levels in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Balaji
- Department of Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
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22
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Brokken LJS, Lundberg-Giwercman Y, Rajpert De-Meyts E, Eberhard J, Ståhl O, Cohn-Cedermark G, Daugaard G, Arver S, Giwercman A. Association of polymorphisms in genes encoding hormone receptors ESR1, ESR2 and LHCGR with the risk and clinical features of testicular germ cell cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:279-85. [PMID: 22245602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) is the most common malignancy in young men. Genetic variants known to be associated with risk of TGCC only partially account for the observed familial risks. We aimed to identify additional polymorphisms associated with risk as well as histological and clinical features of TGCC in 367 patients and 214 controls. Polymorphisms in ESR2 (rs1256063; OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.35-0.79) and LHCGR (rs4597581; OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.89, and rs4953617; OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.21-2.94) associated with risk of TGCC. Polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs9397080; OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.18-2.91) and LHCGR (rs7371084; OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.26-4.49) associated with risk of seminoma and metastasis, respectively. SNPs in ESR1 (rs9397080) and LHCGR (rs7371084) were predictors of higher LH levels and higher androgen sensitivity index in healthy subjects. The results suggest that polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2 and LHCGR contribute to the risk of developing TGCC, histological subtype, and risk to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J S Brokken
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.
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23
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Kristiansen W, Andreassen K, Karlsson R, Aschim E, Bremnes R, Dahl O, Fosså S, Klepp O, Langberg C, Solberg A, Tretli S, Adami HO, Wiklund F, Grotmol T, Haugen T. Gene variations in sex hormone pathways and the risk of testicular germ cell tumour: a case–parent triad study in a Norwegian–Swedish population. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1525-35. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Le cancer du testicule : facteurs de risque génétiques et environnementaux. Basic Clin Androl 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12610-012-0164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Résumé
L'incidence du cancer du testicule (CT), qui est inégale d'une région à l'autre, progresse dans la plupart des pays y compris la France. L'origine la plus probable du CT est la non différenciation de cellules germinales souches pendant la vie fœtale. Ces cellules, maintenues dans un état immature, pourraient proliférer pour former une tumeur après la puberté. La fréquence de son association avec une cryptorchidie ou une infertilité a conduit à formuler l'hypothèse que le CT pouvait être un des constituants du syndrome de dysgénésie testiculaire. Le rôle des facteurs génétiques est suggéré par la fréquence de cas familiaux de CT mais aucun gène clairement responsable du cancer n'a été identifié jusqu'à présent. Parmi les nombreux gènes étudiés, ce sont ceux contrôlant la voie KITLG/KIT, qui participe à la régulation de la prolifération et de la fonction des cellules germinales primordiales, qui semblent jouer le rôle principal. Les études faites sur des populations migrantes et les jumeaux suggèrent par ailleurs que des facteurs environnementaux pourraient jouer un rôle essentiel dans la genèse du CT. Des dérégulations hormonales pendant la vie fœtale ou la puberté pourraient notamment favoriser le développement de CT. Cependant, l'exposition à des substances exogènes agissant comme des perturbateurs endocriniens est encore à démontrer.
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Vega A, Baptissart M, Caira F, Brugnon F, Lobaccaro JMA, Volle DH. Epigenetic: a molecular link between testicular cancer and environmental exposures. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:150. [PMID: 23230429 PMCID: PMC3515880 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, studies in rodents have highlighted links between in utero and/or neonatal exposures to molecules that alter endocrine functions and the development of genital tract abnormalities, such as cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and impaired spermatogenesis. Most of these molecules, called endocrine disrupters exert estrogenic and/or antiandrogenic activities. These data led to the hypothesis of the testicular dysgenesis syndrome which postulates that these disorders are one clinical entity and are linked by epidemiological and pathophysiological relations. Furthermore, infertility has been stated as a risk factor for testicular cancer (TC). The incidence of TC has been increasing over the past decade. Most of testicular germ cell cancers develop through a pre-invasive carcinoma in situ from fetal germ cells (primordial germ cell or gonocyte). During their development, fetal germ cells undergo epigenetic modifications. Interestingly, several lines of evidence have shown that gene regulation through epigenetic mechanisms (DNA and histone modifications) plays an important role in normal development as well as in various diseases, including TC. Here we will review chromatin modifications which can affect testicular physiology leading to the development of TC; and highlight potential molecular pathways involved in these alterations in the context of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Vega
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, INSERM U 1103Aubière, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Université Blaise PascalClermont-Ferrand, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, CNRS, UMR 6293Aubière, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Baptissart
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, INSERM U 1103Aubière, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Université Blaise PascalClermont-Ferrand, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, CNRS, UMR 6293Aubière, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Caira
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, INSERM U 1103Aubière, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Université Blaise PascalClermont-Ferrand, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, CNRS, UMR 6293Aubière, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Brugnon
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, INSERM U 1103Aubière, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Université Blaise PascalClermont-Ferrand, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, CNRS, UMR 6293Aubière, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, INSERM U 1103Aubière, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Université Blaise PascalClermont-Ferrand, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, CNRS, UMR 6293Aubière, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H. Volle
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, INSERM U 1103Aubière, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, Université Blaise PascalClermont-Ferrand, France
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, CNRS, UMR 6293Aubière, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: David H. Volle, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, INSERM U 1103, CNRS, UMR 6293, Clermont Université, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France. e-mail:
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