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Li H, Guo H, Luo Q, Wu DT, Zou L, Liu Y, Li HB, Gan RY. Current extraction, purification, and identification techniques of tea polyphenols: An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34702110 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tea, as a beverage, has been reputed for its health benefits and gained worldwide popularity. Tea polyphenols, especially catechins, as the main bioactive compounds in tea, exhibit diverse health benefits and have wide applications in the food industry. The development of tea polyphenol-incorporated products is dependent on the extraction, purification, and identification of tea polyphenols. Recent years, many green and novel extraction, purification, and identification techniques have been developed for the preparation of tea polyphenols. This review, therefore, introduces the classification of tea and summarizes the main conventional and novel techniques for the extraction of polyphenols from various tea products. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are also intensively discussed and compared. In addition, the purification and identification techniques are summarized. It is hoped that this updated review can provide a research basis for the green and efficient extraction, purification, and identification of tea polyphenols, which can facilitate their utilization in the production of various functional food products and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Zhang YP, Yang XQ, Yu DK, Xiao HY, Du JR. Nrf2 signalling pathway and autophagy impact on the preventive effect of green tea extract against alcohol-induced liver injury. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:986-995. [PMID: 33877365 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying the effect of green tea extract (TE), rich in tea polyphenols (TPs), on improving alcohol-induced liver injury. METHODS Mice were intragastrically treated with 50% (v/v) alcohol administration (15 ml/kg BW) with or without three doses of TE (50, 120 and 300 mg TPs/kg BW) daily for 4 weeks, and biological changes were tested. KEY FINDINGS The TE improved the functional and histological situations in the liver of the mice accepted alcohol administration, including enzymes for alcohol metabolism, oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Interestingly, the TE increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), with the decreasing expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), indicating the association between the effect of TE with Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signalling. Moreover, the TE restored the activity of autophagy, showing as lifted Beclin-1 expression, LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio, and decreased p62 expression. Importantly, all these effects were dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a new notion for the first time that the TE preventing against alcohol-induced liver injury is closely related to accelerated metabolism of alcohol and relieved oxidative stress, which is associated with Nrf2 signalling activation and autophagy restoration, thus the reduction of lipid accumulation in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Ke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng-Yi Xiao
- Laboratory of Aging Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Raghunath S, Mallikarjunan K. Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of cold‐brewed black tea using response surface methodology. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Raghunath
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA
| | - Kumar Mallikarjunan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA
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Subcritical Water Extraction of Epigallocatechin Gallate from Camellia sinensis and Optimization Study Using Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Camellia sinensis is a plant whose leaves and buds are used to produce tea. With many medicinal activities already found, green tea has been consumed widely in the world. Methods: The subcritical water extraction (SWE) of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea leaves and the effect of the different extraction conditions are investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore, the model of the extraction processes is reviewed for application at the industrial scale. Results: Based on the RSM data, the maximum yield of extraction is determined via optimizing different parameters of the extraction processes. Optimal conditions are as follows: extraction time of 6 min, extraction temperature at 120 °C, and a sample/solvent ratio of 1:40 g/mL. Under such conditions, the best yield of EGCG is 4.665%. Moreover, the model of the extraction processes, which can be utilized for industry scale purpose, indicates a good correlation with the experimental data. Conclusions: Overall, SWE is competent and environmental-friendly, and it is also a highly selective and fast method. SWE is a promising method to take the place of organic solvents used in the extraction of weak polar and even non-polar natural compounds. Further studies on the scale-up of the extraction processes are ongoing.
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Jiang HL, Li N, Wang X, Wei XY, Zhao RS, Lin JM. A zirconium-based metal-organic framework material for solid-phase microextraction of trace polybrominated diphenyl ethers from milk. Food Chem 2020; 317:126436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bindes MMM, Cardoso VL, Reis MHM, Boffito DC. Maximisation of the polyphenols extraction yield from green tea leaves and sequential clarification. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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7
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Cheng M, Zhang X, Cao J, Zheng X, Zhang Z. Caco-2 cell transport of purple sweet potato anthocyanins-phospholipids complex. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:304-312. [PMID: 29358823 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the role of phospholipids in transepithelial transport and the impact on the antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPAs) was evaluated. PSPAs were purified by column chromatography, and then PSPAs-phospholipids complex (PSPAs-PC) was prepared. In antioxidant assay in vitro, PSPAs-PC exhibited potential antioxidant activity; meanwhile, it exhibited relatively higher stability in mimic gastrointestinal digestion conditions. The inhibitory effect of PSPAs-PC on the oxidation of soybean oil was significantly higher after 15 days storage. The presence of phospholipids increased the transepithelial transport of PSPAs; its apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was higher, while its efflux ratio was lower than PSPAs. Based on the above results, it clearly displays the potential of phospholipids in the promotion of intestinal transport of PSPAs, and further studies are needed to explore the in-depth mechanism of the bioavailability promotion effect of phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Cheng
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China.,2Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- 3Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- 3Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006 People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Cheng L, Zheng X, Zhang Z. The evaluation of the quality of Feng Huang Oolong teas and their modulatory effect on intestinal microbiota of high-fat diet-induced obesity mice model. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 69:842-856. [PMID: 29303032 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1420757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The variations in the contents of tea catechins and free amino acids in relation to the quality of Fenghuang Oolong teas (FOT) were determined. It demonstrated that in FOT, which were grown at a high altitude, the contents of methylated estered tea catechins were relatively higher. By human flora-associated (HFA) mice model, the effect of FOT on high-fat diet-induced obesity was investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The shifts in relative abundance of the dominant taxa at the phylum, family and genus levels showed their dramatically effects. A large increase in Bacteroidetes with decrease of Firmicutes was observed after the administration of FOT for 8 weeks. Together, these results suggest that FOT are rich in tea catechins, especially O-methylated tea catechin derivatives, which may be affected by the unique growth environment, and FOT may have prebiotic-like activity and can be used as functional food components in manipulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Chen
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering School of Marine Sciences , Ningbo University , Ningbo , P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering School of Marine Sciences , Ningbo University , Ningbo , P.R. China
| | - Lu Cheng
- b Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , NJUSA
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- c Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology , Wenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- c Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology , Wenzhou , P.R. China
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9
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Sun H, Chen Y, Cheng M, Zhang X, Zheng X, Zhang Z. The modulatory effect of polyphenols from green tea, oolong tea and black tea on human intestinal microbiota in vitro. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 55:399-407. [PMID: 29358833 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, polyphenols from green tea (GTP), oolong tea (OTP) and black tea (BTP) were prepared by extraction with hot water and polyamide column chromatography. In antioxidant assay in vitro, each tea polyphenols exhibited potential activity; the intestinal absorption of GTP, OTP and BTP was investigated individually by Caco-2 transwell system, and each sample was poorly transported, illustrating a low transport rate for tea polyphenols through cell monolayers. The effects of GTP, OTP and BTP on human intestinal microbiota were also evaluated, and each sample induced the proliferation of certain beneficial bacteria and inhibited Bacteroides-Prevotella and Clostridium histolyticum. Moreover, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced in cultures with tea polyphenols were relatively higher. Together, these results suggested GTP, OTP and BTP may modulate the intestinal flora and generate SCFA, and contribute to the improvements of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Sun
- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Cheng
- 2Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- 2Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- 3Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- 3Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006 People's Republic of China
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Miller N, De Beer D, Joubert E. Minimising variation in aspalathin content of aqueous green rooibos extract: optimising extraction and identifying critical material attributes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4937-4942. [PMID: 28397329 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of aspalathin, an antidiabetic dihydrochalcone, in green rooibos underpins interest in the production of a standardised extract. Elements of a quality-by-design approach were applied to optimise extraction conditions, aiming at the delivery of a dry matter yield (DMY) ≥ 160 g kg-1 and an extract with an aspalathin content (AC) ≥ 80 g kg-1 . RESULTS Hot water extraction parameters, namely extraction time, extraction temperature and water-to-plant material ratio, were optimised for DMY and aspalathin extraction efficiency (AEE) using Design of Experiments. Good polynomial prediction models were obtained and multiresponse desirability plots indicated 37 min, 93 °C and 23:1 as optimal conditions. Even when using 30 min and 10:1 instead for practical reasons, the target DMY and AC values could be achieved with the caveat that plant material with an AC ≥ 30 g kg-1 is used. Particle size distribution and stem content were identified as contributing to variation in the AC of raw material. CONCLUSION By setting raw material specifications in terms of AC, as well as applying practical optimum extraction conditions, 160 g kg-1 extract with an AC ≥ 80 g kg-1 could be consistently achieved from green rooibos plant material. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Miller
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dalene De Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Guo X, Cheng M, Zhang X, Cao J, Wu Z, Weng P. Green tea polyphenols reduce obesity in high-fat diet-induced mice by modulating intestinal microbiota composition. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; School of Marine Sciences; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
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12
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Zhao M, Li D, Ye JH, Zheng XQ, Liang YR, Lu JL. Stop for tea? Enzyme inhibitors from tea - what good are they? Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute; 866# Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Da Li
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute; 866# Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute; 866# Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute; 866# Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute; 866# Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute; 866# Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 China
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Yang Y, Qiao L, Zhang X, Wu Z, Weng P. Effect of methylated tea catechins from Chinese oolong tea on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. Fitoterapia 2015; 104:45-9. [PMID: 26002426 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the important component of tea catechins in oolong tea, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) has exhibited various beneficial effects, however, little attention about its obesity prevention effect is available. In this study, the inhibitory effects of tea catechin monomers, including their methylated forms on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte were studied. The major methylated tea catechins in oolong tea were identified as EGCG3″Me and ECG3″Me. The accumulation of triglyceride was significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in groups treated with EGCG3″Me at concentrations of 20, 40 and 80μg/mL, and the accumulation of lipid was decreased to 89.42±2.66%, 64.36±3.13% and 39.37±2.79%, respectively. Both EGCG3″Me and EGCG treatments showed a significant inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, while EGCG3″Me showed a relatively higher effect than EGCG, which was contrary to the results of cytotoxic activity. For ECG and ECG3″Me, ECG3″Me also showed a relatively higher antiobesity effect and lower cytotoxic activity. The results of activity screening showed that methylated tea catechins, including EGCG3″Me and ECG3″Me inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. The difference of inhibitory effects for tested compounds may be due to their structural difference (the hydroxyl group at C-3 in D ring substituted by methoxy group).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Longliang Qiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
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Gadkari PV, Balarman M, Kadimi US. Polyphenols from fresh frozen tea leaves (Camellia assamica L.,) by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with ethanol entrainer - application of response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:720-30. [PMID: 25694680 PMCID: PMC4325012 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fresh frozen tea leaves (Camellia assamica L.) were extracted with SC-CO2 to obtain polyphenols rich in EGCG and compared with conventional solvent extraction. Extraction parameters such as temperature, pressure and solvent to material ratio were critical factors in extraction and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum yield of extractable solids using SC-CO2 with ethanol entrainer was carried out at pressures 150 to 350 bar, temperatures from 40 °C to 60 °C and solvent to material ratio 100 to 200. The theoretical yield was 3.91 % (w/w), while experimental yield was 4.20 ± 0.27 % (w/w) at temperature of 50 °C, pressure 250 bar and solvent to material ratio of 200. The chemical compositions of extracted solids were investigated by HPLC which showed 722.68-848.09 ± 1.12 mg of EGCG/g of extractable solids were separated in SC-CO2. Also, 54.62 ± 1.19 mg of EGCG/g of extractable solids was separated using conventional extraction which is quantitatively lesser than SC-CO2 extraction yield. Thus, SC-CO2 extraction was proved to be effective technique in obtaining extracts rich in EGCG (>95 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Vasantrao Gadkari
- />Department of Food Engineering, CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India) - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
- />Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manohar Balarman
- />Department of Food Engineering, CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India) - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
- />Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Udaya Sankar Kadimi
- />Department of Food Engineering, CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India) - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
- />Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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15
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Zhang X, Wu Z, Weng P. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) from Chinese oolong tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10046-10054. [PMID: 25259858 DOI: 10.1021/jf5016335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) has exhibited various biological activities in oolong tea. However, little information about its hepatoprotective activity is available. The objectives of the present study, therefore, were to determine the hepatoprotective activity of EGCG3″Me. First, high-purity EGCG3″Me was prepared from Chinese oolong tea by column chromatography. In antioxidant assay in vitro, EGCG3″Me exhibited potential antioxidant activity. For hepatoprotective activity in vitro, it was observed that EGCG3″Me effectively alleviated the changes induced by alcohol in a concentration-dependent manner. For hepatoprotective activity in vivo, the administration of EGCG3″Me at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW per day significantly decreased the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 64.6 ± 3.17 and 97.6 ± 3.78 to 39.6 ± 2.72 and 59.6 ± 3.02 U/L, decreased the liver level of malondialdehyde (MDA) from 1.14 ± 0.08 to 0.77 ± 0.03 nmol/mg protein, and remarkably restored the liver activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) from 247 ± 20.1 U/mg and 6.12 ± 0.17 nmol/mg protein to 261 ± 9.98 U/mg and 8.10 ± 0.03 nmol/mg protein, respectively, in alcohol-induced liver injury mice. This suggested that the protective effect of EGCG3″Me against alcohol-induced liver injury is possibly via its antioxidant activity to protect biological systems against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Zhu X, Sun Y, Hu B, Sun Y, Jabbar S, Zeng X. Fermentation in vitro of EGCG, GCG and EGCG3"Me isolated from Oolong tea by human intestinal microbiota. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Sun Y, He Y, Gu M, Chen J, Li F. Optimisation of the extraction conditions of natural colourant carthamin from safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) by response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Sun
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; College of Pharmaceutical Science; No.548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; College of Pharmaceutical Science; No.548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Mancang Gu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; College of Pharmaceutical Science; No.548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Jianzhen Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; College of Pharmaceutical Science; No.548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Fanzhu Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; College of Pharmaceutical Science; No.548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang China
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