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Ansari G, Torabzadeh H, Nabavi ZS, Hassani PS. Comparing the effect of dry and wet brushing on dental plaque removal in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:292-296. [PMID: 31584031 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_71_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of wet and dry brushing on cleaning outcome of tooth surfaces. METHODS Forty-three children aged 10-12 years were randomly selected and instructed for this brushing project. Each case served as self-control. Each patient was requested to brush through one of the wet/dry techniques for 1 week and other technique on the 2nd week. Samples had a washout step using pumice prophylaxis prior to each brushing week. Tooth Cleanliness Index was used to measure the plaque removal level. Two uniform Oral-B toothbrushes were used one for each week through the Modified Stillman technique. Mann-Whitney test was employed along with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to analyze the data. RESULTS The level of brushing efficacy was slightly higher in males with no statistically significant difference between sexes. Remaining plaque measured was higher in wet group with significant difference (7.3 ± 1.7 for dry brushing and 7.6 ± 2.6 for wet brushing) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dry and wet brushing did not show a significant difference in their capacity to remove plaque indicating that dry brushing could be considered as an acceptable brushing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassem Ansari
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Torabzadeh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Sadat Nabavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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da Silveira KSR, Prado IM, Abreu LG, Serra-Negra JMC, Auad SM. Association among chronotype, dietary behaviours, and caries experience in Brazilian adolescents: Is there a behavioural pattern? Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28:608-615. [PMID: 30105885 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries (DC) remains a public health issue. Chronotype, diet, and oral hygiene may influence its development. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of chronotype, diet, oral hygiene, and DC among 12-year-olds. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 245 adolescents was conducted in public and private schools in southeast Brazil. Sociodemographics, dietary and oral hygiene habits were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Chronotype was assessed using the Portuguese version of the Puberty and Phase Preference Scale (PPPS). Subjects were examined for DC (WHO criteria). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS DC was present in 42.0% of the sample. In the bivariate analysis, a higher DMFT was associated with living in rural areas (P = 0.006), parents'/caregivers' lower schooling (P = 0.008), and a not daily intake of vegetables (P = 0.033). Chronotype was not associated with DMFT scores. The Poisson regression model showed that adolescents who did not have breakfast regularly (PR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.17-2.08; P = 0.003), lived in rural areas (PR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.59-3.04; P < 0.001) and did not consume vegetables daily (PR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.11-2.17; P = 0.009) were more likely to present a higher DMFT. CONCLUSIONS DC is associated to living in rural areas and dietary habits, such as not having breakfast regularly and lack of daily intake of vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Meyer Prado
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Sheyla Márcia Auad
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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ElSalhy M, Ali U, Lai H, Flores-Mir C, Amin M. Caries reporting in studies that used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System: A scoping review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 47:92-102. [PMID: 30334280 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how caries was reported in studies that employed the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). METHODS A systematic database search up to August 2017 was carried out using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane library and ISI Web of Science electronic databases. Only studies that used the ICDAS for dental caries examinations were included. Studies were excluded if the examination was done only for the validation or the calibration of the ICDAS and/or if the examination was not done for the whole dentition. Measures used to report caries were considered. RESULTS A total of 126 papers met the inclusion criteria. Forty-four different synthesis measures were used to report caries. Most of the studies used a combination of multiple measures to report patient's caries level. These reporting measures cluster into four main groups: the number of individual ICDAS scores (ie, total counts of every score); the number of decayed surfaces/teeth (ie, total counts of combined caries scores for surfaces or teeth); measures of caries experience (ie, total counts of combined caries scores, filled and/or missing surfaces or teeth); and measures of central tendency and dispersion. The number of decayed surfaces and individual ICDAS scores were the most commonly used measures. Three studies used mean ICDAS score (ie, total ICDAS scores divided by the number of teeth), two used mean ICDAS score of carious teeth (ie, total ICDAS scores divided by the number of carious teeth) and two used the maximum ICDAS score (ie, highest ICDAS score recorded). The total ICDAS score was used only once. Many studies synthesized from the ICDAS the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth/surfaces (dmft/DMFT, dmfs/DMFS) as a measure of caries experience. CONCLUSIONS There are variations among studies in the utilization of the system to summarize caries. Most studies presented caries data using the categorical characteristics of the ICDAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed ElSalhy
- College of Dental Medicine, University of New England, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Ussama Ali
- Georgian College of Applied Arts and Technology, Barrie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hollis Lai
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maryam Amin
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Gomes MC, Perazzo MF, Neves ET, Siqueira MBLD, de Brito Costa EMM, Protasio APL, Silva AFLP, Botelho KVG, Granville-Garcia AF. Evaluation of determinant factors for the presence and activity of dental caries in five-year-old children: study with decision tree. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-017-0892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Alves LS, Susin C, Damé-Teixeira N, Maltz M. Impact of different detection criteria on caries estimates and risk assessment. Int Dent J 2018; 68:144-151. [PMID: 29313946 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to compare the prevalence and extent of dental caries according to the standard World Health Organization (WHO), modified WHO and International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria among 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren and to assess the impact of these detection criteria on the assessment of sociodemographic risk indicators for dental caries. METHODS This cross-sectional survey used a multistage probability sampling strategy to select a representative sample of 12-year-old schoolchildren. After tooth cleaning and drying, a single examiner recorded the presence of non-cavitated and cavitated caries lesions. A questionnaire gathered demographic and socio-economic information. Three proposed thresholds for caries detection were used: standard WHO criteria (only cavitated lesions); modified WHO criteria (active non-cavitated lesions and cavitated lesions); and ICDAS (all non-cavitated and cavitated lesions). Prevalence ratios (PR), rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using survey Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS In total, 1,528 of 1,837 eligible schoolchildren participated. Caries prevalence (standard WHO, 55.23%; modified WHO, 63.33%; ICDAS, 79.82%) and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index (standard WHO, 1.39; modified WHO, 1.95; ICDAS, 3.78) increased as the detection criteria became more sensitive. Compared with the standard WHO criteria, ICDAS had a greater impact on caries estimates, mainly in schoolchildren of higher socio-economic background. All socio-economic variables were significantly associated with dental caries, irrespective of the detection criteria. CONCLUSION The inclusion of non-cavitated lesions impacted estimates of prevalence and extent of dental caries, mainly when ICDAS was used. No impact was observed on the association between caries and socio-economic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Severo Alves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nailê Damé-Teixeira
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marisa Maltz
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ribeiro GL, Gomes MC, de Lima KC, Martins CC, Paiva SM, Granville-Garcia AF. [The potential financial impact of oral health problems in the families of preschool children]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 21:1217-26. [PMID: 27076020 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015214.09512015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the perception of parents/caregivers regarding the financial impact of oral health problems on the families of preschool children. A preschool-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 834 preschool children in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale. "Financial impact" was the dependent variable. Questionnaires addressing socio-demographic variables, history of toothache and health perceptions were administered. Clinical exams were performed by three dentists previously calibrated (Kappa: 0.85-0.90). Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by logistic regression for complex samples (α = 5%). The frequency of financial impact due to oral health problems in preschool children was 7.7%. The following variables were significantly associated with financial impact: parental perception of child's oral health as poor, the interaction between history of toothache and absence of dental caries and the interaction between history of toothache and presence of dental caries. It is concluded that often parents/caregivers reported experiencing a financial impact due to seeking treatment late, mainly by the presence of toothache and complications of the clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Leite Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil,
| | | | - Kenio Costa de Lima
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Pinto-Sarmento TCDA, Abreu MH, Gomes MC, Costa EMMDB, Martins CC, Granville-Garcia AF, Paiva SM. Determinant Factors of Untreated Dental Caries and Lesion Activity in Preschool Children Using ICDAS. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150116. [PMID: 26900846 PMCID: PMC4763475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate determinant factors associated with the presence of dental caries and lesion activity in preschool children. A population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out with 843 children of aged three to five years enrolled at public and private preschools in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. A questionnaire addressing socio-demographic data and oral health care was self-administered by parents/caregivers. Three dentists previously calibrated examined the children for the diagnosis of dental caries and lesion activity using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Nutritional status was evaluated based on the body mass index. Logistic regression analysis for complex samples was performed (α = 5%). The prevalence of dental caries was 66.3%. Among the children with caries, 88.0% had active lesions. Dental caries was more prevalent in girls (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.05–2.23), in children from families with a monthly household income ≤US$312.50 (OR = 2.38, 95%CI: 1.65–3.43) and those whose mothers had up to eight years of schooling (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.07–2.23). Lesion activity was significantly associated with mother’s schooling ≤ 8 years (OR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.15–4.00). The prevalence rates of dental caries and lesion activity were high and mainly associated with a lower socioeconomic status and mother’s schooling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Henrique Abreu
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Aamodt K, Reyna-Blanco O, Sosa R, Hsieh R, De la Garza Ramos M, Garcia Martinez M, Orellana MF. Prevalence of caries and malocclusion in an indigenous population in Chiapas, Mexico. Int Dent J 2015; 65:249-55. [PMID: 26382724 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of caries and malocclusion in Mayan Mexican adolescents, 14-20 years of age, living in Chiapas, Mexico. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, population-based, quantitative, epidemiological study. Sites were chosen to capture subjects representative of the state's Mayan population. A total of 354 subjects were recruited. Caries experience was quantified, via visual inspection, using the Decayed, Missing and Filled Surface (DMFS) index. Malocclusion was quantified using the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). RESULTS Our data showed that 99% of the population had caries experience, with a median DMFS score of 8. Of the 99% with caries experience, over half had caries affecting more than five tooth surfaces. Thirty-seven per cent of the students had unmet orthodontic treatment need, and 46.46% presented a Class II, and 39.09% a Class III, anterior-posterior relationship. CONCLUSIONS Less than 1% of the population had any exposure to orthodontics, demonstrating the lack of access to care. Likewise, only 1% of the population was found to have no caries experience, exhibiting a large unmet treatment need. The median DMFS score of 8 was also high in comparison with the median DMFS in the USA of 6. Our data suggest a correlation between the lack of access to care and high prevalence of caries and malocclusion in Mexican Mayans who inhabit Chiapas, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjeld Aamodt
- San Francisco School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Reyna-Blanco
- San Francisco School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Sosa
- Universidad de Montemorelos, Zaragoza, Montemorelos, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rebecca Hsieh
- San Francisco School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Myriam De la Garza Ramos
- Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño y Siloa Col. Mitras Centro, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Martha Garcia Martinez
- Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño y Siloa Col. Mitras Centro, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Gomes MC, Clementino MA, Pinto-Sarmento TCDA, Costa EMMDB, Martins CC, Granville-Garcia AF, Paiva SM. Parental Perceptions of Oral Health Status in Preschool Children and Associated Factors. Braz Dent J 2015; 26:428-34. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate parental perceptions of oral health status in preschool children. A cross-sectional study was carried with 843 Brazilian children between 3 and 5 years of age. Parents/guardians answered a self-administered questionnaire on the health of their children and sociodemographic data. Parental perceptions of their child's oral health were determined by the responses to the following question: "How would you describe your child's oral health?" The Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) was answered by parents/guardians and used to measure the impact of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) on preschool children and their families. Three examiners performed oral exams on the children (K= 0.85-0.90). Descriptive analytical statistics were carried out, followed by logistic regression for complex samples (α=5%). The following variables were significantly associated with parental perceptions of children's oral health: parental perception of general health as poor (OR=18.25; 95% CI: 3.36-98.96), negative impact on family's OHRQoL (OR=13.82; 95% CI: 4.27-44.72), child aged five years (OR=7.40; 95% CI: 1.49-36.63) and the interaction between history of toothache and dental caries (OR=10.02; 95% CI: 1.17-85.61). Thus, parental perceptions of oral health are influenced only by clinical conditions with symptoms, such as dental caries with toothache. Other oral conditions, such as malocclusion or traumatic dental injury, were not associated with parental perceptions of their child's oral health.</p>
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Maupome G, Martínez-Mier EA, Holt A, Medina-Solís CE, Mantilla-Rodríguez A, Carlton B. The association between geographical factors and dental caries in a rural area in Mexico. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2013; 29:1407-14. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2013000700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between markers of oral disease and geographical factors influencing access to dental care (DMFT score) among school children in Central Mexico. Retrospective data were collected during an international service-learning program between 2002 and 2009. A sample of 1,143 children (55% females; mean age 12.7±13.1years) was analyzed. The mean DMFT score, represented largely by untreated tooth decay, was 4.02 (4.76). The variables that had the most significant effect on the DMFT score were proportion of paved roads between the community and dental services, and the availability of piped potable water. The DMFT score increased in proportion to the percentage of paved roads. In contrast, the DMFT score decreased with the availability of piped potable water. Similar results were found for untreated tooth decay. The main variable associated with a significant increase in dental fillings was proportion of paved roads. Together with Brazilian reports, this is one of the first investigations of the association between geographical factors and oral health in an underdeveloped setting.
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Soto-Rojas AE, Escoffié-Ramírez M, Pérez-Ferrera G, Guido JA, Mantilla-Rodriguez AA, Martinez-Mier EA. Retention of dental sealants placed on sound teeth and incipient caries lesions as part of a service-learning programme in rural areas in Mexico. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:451-8. [PMID: 22309211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental sealants are an effective treatment for the prevention and management of caries. OBJECTIVE To determine the retention of sealants placed in a rural setting in Mexico as part of an international service-learning (ISL) programme and to determine associations between dental sealant's retention and caries diagnosis at the time of sealant placement. METHODS Children aged 6-15 were examined for dental caries, received sealants by dental students as part of an ISL programme, and were re-examined 4, 2, or 1 years after placement to assess sealant survival. Sealants were placed on permanent sound surfaces and enamel caries lesions [International Caries Assessment and Detection System (ICDAS) criteria]. Sealant survival was explored using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests and multivariate prediction models. RESULTS 219 (46%) of 478 (mean age = 10.53 SD = 5.11) children who had received sealants returned for a recall examination (mean age = 10.89 SD = 3.11). After 1-4 years, 96.4% to 60.6% of the sealants placed on sound teeth had survived, and for sealants placed on surfaces with enamel caries lesions (ICDAS 1-3), 94.2% to 55.6% had survived. Differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Sealants had survival rates comparable to those previously reported in the literature. Sealants placed on sound and enamel caries lesions had similar survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando E Soto-Rojas
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Ferreira Zandoná A, Santiago E, Eckert GJ, Katz BP, Pereira de Oliveira S, Capin OR, Mau M, Zero DT. The natural history of dental caries lesions: a 4-year observational study. J Dent Res 2012; 91:841-6. [PMID: 22821238 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512455030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a ubiquitous disease affecting all age groups and segments of the population. It is known that not all caries lesions progress to cavitation, but little is known regarding the progression pattern of caries lesions. This study's purpose was to evaluate the natural history of dental caries using a standardized, visually based system, the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The study population consisted of 565 consenting children, who were enrolled and examined at baseline and at regular intervals over 48 months with ICDAS and yearly bitewing radiographs. Of these, 338 children completed all examinations. Not all lesions cavitated at the same rate, differing by surface type and baseline ICDAS severity score and activity status. With increasing severity, the percentage of lesions progressing to cavitation increased: 19%, 32%, 68%, and 66% for ICDAS scores 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Lesions on occlusal surfaces were more likely to cavitate, followed by buccal pits, lingual grooves, proximal surfaces, and buccal and lingual surfaces. Cavitation was more likely on molars, followed by pre-molars and anterior teeth. Predictors of cavitation included age, gender, surfaces and tooth types, and ICDAS severity/activity at baseline. In conclusion, characterization of lesion severity with ICDAS can be a strong predictor of lesion progression to cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferreira Zandoná
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, OH-144, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Guido JA, Martinez Mier EA, Soto A, Eggertsson H, Sanders BJ, Jones JE, Weddell JA, Villanueva Cruz I, Anton de la Concha JL. Caries prevalence and its association with brushing habits, water availability, and the intake of sugared beverages. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011; 21:432-40. [PMID: 21718372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. With Dental Caries being the most common disease amongst children in the world today, there is a need to fully understand risk factors that may be related to caries prevalence and how they could be best addressed. AIM. The aim of this study was to evaluate soda, juice, sugared-beverage intake, brushing habits, and community water source availability as they relate to the prevalence of both noncavitated and cavitated caries lesions in small rural villages in Mexico. DESIGN. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) was used in children from small, isolated, villages in Mexico. Risk factors were assessed via questionnaires. RESULTS. Caries prevalence in the villages was very high, ranging from 94.7% to 100% of the children studied. The mean number of surfaces with lesions per child (D1MFS + d1mfs) having scores ≥1 (noncavitated and cavitated) ranged from 15.4 ± 11.1 to 26.6 ± 15.2. Many of the children reported drinking beverages containing sugar. CONCLUSIONS. Drinking sugared beverages, poor oral hygiene habits, and lack of access to tap water were identified as risk factor for caries in this sample of residents of rural Mexico.
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Frencken JE, de Amorim RG, Faber J, Leal SC. The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index: rational and development. Int Dent J 2011; 61:117-23. [PMID: 21692781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2011.00022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious difficulties in reporting results were encountered when using ICDAS II and PUFA separately in an epidemiological survey in a child population in Brazil. That necessitated the development of a comprehensive but pragmatic caries assessment index. This publication describes the rationale, development and content of a novel caries assessment index. Strengths and weaknesses of ICDAS II, PUFA and other indices were analysed. The novel caries index developed for use in epidemiological surveys is termed 'Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment' (CAST). 'Spectrum' indicates what is considered the main strength of the new index - its usefulness in describing the complete range of stages of carious lesion progression: from no carious lesion, through caries protection (sealant) and caries cure (restoration) to lesions in enamel and dentine, and the advanced stages of carious lesion progression in pulpal and tooth-surrounding tissue. CAST combines elements of the ICDAS II and PUFA indices, and the M- and F-components of the DMF index. A DMF score can easily be calculated from the CAST score, thereby enabling retention of the use of existing DMF scores. The CAST index for use in epidemiological surveys is very promising. It should be validated and its reliability and usefulness be tested in different age groups in different countries and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo E Frencken
- Department of Global Oral Health, College of Dental Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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de Amorim RG, Figueiredo MJ, Leal SC, Mulder J, Frencken JE. Caries experience in a child population in a deprived area of Brazil, using ICDAS II. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:513-20. [PMID: 21384127 PMCID: PMC3307999 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the caries experience of children aged 6 to 7 years old in a socially deprived suburban area of Brazil's Federal District, using the ICDAS II system and to investigate determinants of dental caries. The survey was carried out in six public schools by three calibrated examiners, on a sample of 835 children. ICDAS II codes had to be converted into dmf/DMF components at surface and tooth levels, resulting in unfamiliar caries variables, to enable some meaningful reporting of the findings. The prevalence of dental caries, including enamel and dentinal carious lesions, in primary teeth was 95.6% and in permanent teeth it was 63.7%. Mean values of d(2)mf(2)-t (enamel and dentinal lesions), d(3)mf(3)-t (dentine lesions), D(2)MF(2)-T and D(3)MF(3)-T indices were 6.9 ± 3.8, 3.2 ± 3.4, 1.7 ± 1.6 and 0.2 ± 0.5, respectively. Enamel carious lesions predominated in the dmf-t/s and DMF-T/S indices. Seven-year-old children had statistically significantly more enamel and dentine carious lesions in permanent teeth than 6-year-old children had. Using ICDAS II, the prevalence of dental caries in both dentitions was very high. In both dentitions, the decay component predominated, with hardly any restorations or extractions observed. The new ICDAS II system leads to overvaluation of the seriousness of dental caries experience and made reporting of outcomes cumbersome. Guidelines on analysing data and reporting results should be agreed upon before this system can be used in epidemiological surveys globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Guedes de Amorim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
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Horton SB, Barker JC. A LATINO ORAL HEALTH PARADOX? USING ETHNOGRAPHY TO SPECIFY THE BIO-CULTURAL FACTORS BEHIND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MODELS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:68-83. [PMID: 21132097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4797.2010.01052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article presents evidence of a "Latino oral health paradox," in which Mexican immigrant parents in California's Central Valley report having had better oral health status as children in Mexico than their U.S.-born children. Yet little research has explored the specific environmental, social, and cultural factors that mediate the much-discussed "Latino health paradox," in which foreign-born Latinos paradoxically enjoy better health status than their children, U.S.-born Latinos, and whites. Through ethnography, we explore the dietary and environmental factors that ameliorated immigrant parents' oral health status in rural Mexico, while ill-preparing them for the more cariogenic diets and environments their children face in the U.S. We argue that studies on the "Latino health paradox" neglect a binational analysis, ignoring the different health status of Latino populations in their sending countries. We use the issue of immigrant children's high incidence of oral disease to initiate a fuller dialogue between U.S.-based studies of the "health paradox" and non-U.S. based studies of the "epidemiological transition." We show that both models rely upon a static opposition between "traditional" and "modern" health practices, and argue that a binational analysis of the processes that affect immigrant children's health can help redress the shortcomings of epidemiological generalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Horton
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Denver
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Ferreira Zandoná A, Santiago E, Eckert G, Fontana M, Ando M, Zero DT. Use of ICDAS combined with quantitative light-induced fluorescence as a caries detection method. Caries Res 2010; 44:317-22. [PMID: 20588022 DOI: 10.1159/000317294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to combine a standardized visually based system, the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), with a sensitive fluorescence-based system, quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), to determine the ability to monitor caries lesion progression. This combination (QLF-I) has the potential to increase the sensitivity of the visual method without compromising specificity. A total of 460 children were enrolled and examined at baseline, 8 months and 12 months by ICDAS and QLF by a single examiner. The examiner repeatability for both methods was comparable, varying between weighted kappa of 0.70 and 0.79. The DMFT score was 6.0 (SD 5.8) at baseline and 6.4 (SD 6.3) at 12 months, and both methods were able to follow the increase in incidence. The QLF-I scored more surfaces at the early ICDAS scores (1 and 2) and score 4. Not all lesions progressed at the same rate, differing by score at baseline and surface type.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferreira Zandoná
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Agustsdottir H, Gudmundsdottir H, Eggertsson H, Jonsson SH, Gudlaugsson JO, Saemundsson SR, Eliasson ST, Arnadottir IB, Holbrook WP. Caries prevalence of permanent teeth: a national survey of children in Iceland using ICDAS. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38:299-309. [PMID: 20406275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Icelandic Oral Health Survey aimed to obtain new national data on the oral health of Icelandic children and teenagers. METHODS A representative stratified random cluster sample of 2251 Icelandic children in first, seventh and 10th grade, aged approximately 6-, 12- and 15-years old was examined for caries prevalence using the ICDAS criteria. Bite-wing digital radiographs were obtained for the children in 7th and 10th grade. RESULTS D(3)MFT scores by visual examination of 6-, 12- and 15-year olds were 0.12, 1.43 and 2.78 respectively but when including radiographs, the D(3)MFT rose to 2.11 at 12 years and 4.25 at 15 years. The Significant Caries Index, SiC, by visual examination for 12 and 15 y was 3.7 and 6.7 respectively but was 4.7 for 12 y and 8.9 for 15 y with radiographs. In all age groups and at most disease levels, caries was active in the majority of the lesions (58-100%). The percentage of children with no visually detectable caries at D(3)/D(1) level was 93%/74% for 6 years, 48%/22% for 12 years and 35%/16% for 15 years. When radiographs were included the percentage reduced to 34%/15% for 12 years and 20%/6% for 15 years. Approximately 80% of 12- and 15-year-olds had at least one of their first molars sealed, with the mean number of sealed first molars being 2.2 among 12 y and 2.0 among 15 y. CONCLUSIONS Caries levels were higher than expected in this national survey and further away from the goals of the National Health Plan for 2010 than anticipated. Caries distribution was skewed with more than half of the children having low caries scores but a wide distribution of caries experience was seen among the remaining population.
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Christian B, Evans RW. Has urbanization become a risk factor for dental caries in Kerala, India: a cross-sectional study of children aged 6 and 12 years. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009; 19:330-7. [PMID: 19486374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2009.00979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to: (i) test the hypothesis that urbanization is a risk factor for dental caries in children aged 6 and 12 years in Kollam, Kerala; and (ii) identify other possible risk factors for dental caries. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was followed. The subjects were stratified by socio-demographic status into urban middle class, urban poor, and rural poor. Caries experience was measured by visual examination of teeth according to the World Health Organization criteria. Data on potential risk factors were collected using a close-ended, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data modelling was conducted using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Eight hundred seventy-six children were examined; 53% of 6-year-olds and 90% of 12-year-olds examined were caries free. The caries experience rates were 1.40 decayed, missing, or filled primary teeth and 0.15 Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) for the 6- and 12-year-olds, respectively. Urban children did not have a higher caries experience compared with rural children. The only risk factor associated with a significant difference in DMFT scores was the dental visiting pattern. Children who visited the dentist had a significantly higher mean DMFT score (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION There was no evidence that urbanization is a risk factor for dental caries in Kerala. Dental caries experience was low, against any standard, in Kollam. Risk factors for caries were not identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Christian
- Community Oral Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
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