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Hilton M, Walsh JC, Liddell E, Cook CN. Lessons from other disciplines for setting management thresholds for biodiversity conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13865. [PMID: 34811813 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Successful, state-dependent management, in which the goal of management is to maintain a system in a desired state, involves defining the boundaries between different states. Once these boundaries have been defined, managers require a strategic action plan with thresholds that initiate management interventions to either maintain or return the system to a desired state. This approach to management is widely used across diverse industries from agriculture, to medicine, to information technology, but it has only been adopted in conservation management relatively recently. Conservation practitioners have expressed a willingness to integrate this structured approach in their management systems, but they have also voiced concerns, including lack of a robust process for doing so. Given the widespread use of state-dependent management in other fields, we conducted an extensive review of the literature on threshold-based management to gain insight into how and where it is applied and identify potential lessons for conservation management. We identified 22 industries using 75 different methods for setting management thresholds in 843 studies. Methods spanned six broad approaches, including expert driven, statistical, predictive, optimization, experimental, and artificial intelligence methods. The objectives of each of these studies influenced the approaches used, including the methods for setting thresholds and selecting actions, and the number of thresholds set. The role of value judgments in setting thresholds was clear; studies across all industries frequently involved experts in setting thresholds, often accompanied by computational tools to simulate the consequences of proposed thresholds under different conditions. Of the 30 conservation studies examined, two-thirds used expert-driven methods, consistent with prior evidence that experience-based information often drives conservation management decisions. The methods we identified from other disciplines could help conservation decision makers set thresholds for management interventions in different contexts, linking monitoring to management actions and ensuring that conservation interventions are timely and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Hilton
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica C Walsh
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin Liddell
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carly N Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Urban MC, Travis JMJ, Zurell D, Thompson PL, Synes NW, Scarpa A, Peres-Neto PR, Malchow AK, James PMA, Gravel D, De Meester L, Brown C, Bocedi G, Albert CH, Gonzalez A, Hendry AP. Coding for Life: Designing a Platform for Projecting and Protecting Global Biodiversity. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Time is running out to limit further devastating losses of biodiversity and nature's contributions to humans. Addressing this crisis requires accurate predictions about which species and ecosystems are most at risk to ensure efficient use of limited conservation and management resources. We review existing biodiversity projection models and discover problematic gaps. Current models usually cannot easily be reconfigured for other species or systems, omit key biological processes, and cannot accommodate feedbacks with Earth system dynamics. To fill these gaps, we envision an adaptable, accessible, and universal biodiversity modeling platform that can project essential biodiversity variables, explore the implications of divergent socioeconomic scenarios, and compare conservation and management strategies. We design a roadmap for implementing this vision and demonstrate that building this biodiversity forecasting platform is possible and practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Urban
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice Scarpa
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, with the Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei, Berlin, Germany, and with the Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Calum Brown
- IMK-IFU, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Greta Bocedi
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Univ Avignon, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
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3
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Davis ACD, Akins L, Pollock C, Lundgren I, Johnston MA, Castillo B, Reale‐Munroe K, McDonough V, Moneysmith S, Green SJ. Multiple drivers of invasive lionfish culling efficiency in marine protected areas. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lad Akins
- Frost Museum of Science Miami Florida USA
- Reef Environmental Education Foundation Key Largo Florida USA
| | - Clayton Pollock
- Buck Island Reef National Monument St. Croix Virgin Islands USA
| | - Ian Lundgren
- Buck Island Reef National Monument St. Croix Virgin Islands USA
| | | | - Bernard Castillo
- University of the Virgin Islands Saint Thomas Virgin Islands USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephanie J. Green
- University of Alberta Alberta Canada
- Reef Environmental Education Foundation Key Largo Florida USA
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4
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Zhang B, Zhai L, Bintz J, Lenhart SM, Valega-Mackenzie W, David Van Dyken J. The optimal controlling strategy on a dispersing population in a two-patch system: Experimental and theoretical perspectives. J Theor Biol 2021; 528:110835. [PMID: 34273362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species, disease vectors, and pathogens are significant threats to biodiversity, ecosystem function and services, and human health. Understanding the optimal management strategy, which maximizes the effectiveness is crucial. Despite an abundance of theoretical work has conducted on projecting the optimal allocation strategy, almost no empirical work has been performed to validate the theory. We first used a consumer-resource model to simulate a series of allocation fractions of controlling treatment to determine the optimal controlling strategy. Further, we conducted rigorous laboratory experiments using spatially diffusing laboratory populations of yeast to verify our mathematical results. We found consistent results that: (1) When population growth is limited by the local resource, the controlling priority should be given to the areas with higher concentration of resource; (2) When population growth is not limited by the resource concentration, the best strategy is to allocate equal amount of controlling efforts among the regions; (3) With restricted budget, it is more efficient to prioritize the controlling effects to the areas with high population abundance, otherwise, it is better to control equally among the regions. The new theory, which was tested by laboratory experiments, will reveal new opportunities for future field interventions, thereby informing subsequent biological decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, United States; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, United States.
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, United States
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5
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Facilitation of management plan development via spatial classification of areas invaded by alien invasive plant. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Konečný A, Popa OP, Bartáková V, Douda K, Bryja J, Smith C, Popa LO, Reichard M. Modelling the invasion history of Sinanodonta woodiana in Europe: Tracking the routes of a sedentary aquatic invader with mobile parasitic larvae. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1975-1989. [PMID: 30459842 PMCID: PMC6231479 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the invasive potential of species outside their native range is one of the most pressing questions in applied evolutionary and ecological research. Admixture of genotypes of invasive species from multiple sources has been implicated in successful invasions, by generating novel genetic combinations that facilitate rapid adaptation to new environments. Alternatively, adaptive evolution on standing genetic variation, exposed by phenotypic plasticity and selected by genetic accommodation, can facilitate invasion success. We investigated the population genetic structure of an Asian freshwater mussel with a parasitic dispersal stage, Sinanodonta woodiana, which has been present in Europe since 1979 but which has expanded rapidly in the last decade. Data from a mitochondrial marker and nuclear microsatellites have suggested that all European populations of S. woodiana originate from the River Yangtze basin in China. Only a single haplotype was detected in Europe, in contrast to substantial mitochondrial diversity in native Asian populations. Analysis of microsatellite markers indicated intensive gene flow and confirmed a lower genetic diversity of European populations compared to those from the Yangtze basin, though that difference was not large. Using an Approximate Bayesian Modelling approach, we identified two areas as the probable source of the spread of S. woodiana in Europe, which matched historical records for its establishment. Their populations originated from a single colonization event. Our data do not support alternative explanations for the rapid recent spread of S. woodiana; recent arrival of a novel (cold-tolerant) genotype or continuous propagule pressure. Instead, in situ adaptation, facilitated by repeated admixture, appears to drive the ongoing expansion of S. woodiana. We discuss management consequences of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Konečný
- The Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate BiologyBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Botany and ZoologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Oana P. Popa
- Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural HistoryBucharestRomania
| | - Veronika Bartáková
- The Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate BiologyBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Botany and ZoologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Karel Douda
- Department of Zoology and FisheriesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzech Republic
| | - Josef Bryja
- The Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate BiologyBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Botany and ZoologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Carl Smith
- The Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate BiologyBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Ecology & Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
- School of Biology and Bell‐Pettigrew Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Luis O. Popa
- Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural HistoryBucharestRomania
| | - Martin Reichard
- The Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate BiologyBrnoCzech Republic
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7
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Falcy MR. A Cost-Optimization Framework for Planning Applied Environmental Science. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Falcy
- Fish conservation biologist for the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
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8
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Citizen engagement in the management of non-native invasive pines: Does it make a difference? Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Viet AF, Krebs S, Rat-Aspert O, Jeanpierre L, Belloc C, Ezanno P. A modelling framework based on MDP to coordinate farmers' disease control decisions at a regional scale. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197612. [PMID: 29897988 PMCID: PMC5999088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of infectious disease control depends on the ability of health managers to act in a coordinated way. However, with regards to non-notifiable animal diseases, farmers individually decide whether or not to implement control measures, leading to positive and negative externalities for connected farms and possibly impairing disease control at a regional scale. Our objective was to facilitate the identification of optimal incentive schemes at a collective level, adaptive to the epidemiological situation, and minimizing the economic costs due to a disease and its control. We proposed a modelling framework based on Markov Decision Processes (MDP) to identify effective strategies to control PorcineReproductive andRespiratorySyndrome (PRRS), a worldwide endemicinfectiousdisease thatsignificantly impactspig farmproductivity. Using a stochastic discrete-time compartmental model representing PRRS virus spread and control within a group of pig herds, we defined the associated MDP. Using a decision-tree framework, we translated the optimal policy into a limited number of rules providing actions to be performed per 6-month time-step according to the observed system state. We evaluated the effect of varying costs and transition probabilities on optimal policy and epidemiological results. We finally identifiedan adaptive policy that gave the best net financial benefit. The proposed framework is a tool for decision support as it allows decision-makers to identify the optimal policy and to assess its robustness to variations in the values of parameters representing an impact of incentives on farmers' decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-France Viet
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Krebs
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Rat-Aspert
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
- CESAER, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Catherine Belloc
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Pauline Ezanno
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
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10
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Flockhart DTT, Coe JB. Multistate matrix population model to assess the contributions and impacts on population abundance of domestic cats in urban areas including owned cats, unowned cats, and cats in shelters. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192139. [PMID: 29489854 PMCID: PMC5830044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns over cat homelessness, over-taxed animal shelters, public health risks, and environmental impacts has raised attention on urban-cat populations. To truly understand cat population dynamics, the collective population of owned cats, unowned cats, and cats in the shelter system must be considered simultaneously because each subpopulation contributes differently to the overall population of cats in a community (e.g., differences in neuter rates, differences in impacts on wildlife) and cats move among categories through human interventions (e.g., adoption, abandonment). To assess this complex socio-ecological system, we developed a multistate matrix model of cats in urban areas that include owned cats, unowned cats (free-roaming and feral), and cats that move through the shelter system. Our model requires three inputs-location, number of human dwellings, and urban area-to provide testable predictions of cat abundance for any city in North America. Model-predicted population size of unowned cats in seven Canadian cities were not significantly different than published estimates (p = 0.23). Model-predicted proportions of sterile feral cats did not match observed sterile cat proportions for six USA cities (p = 0.001). Using a case study from Guelph, Ontario, Canada, we compared model-predicted to empirical estimates of cat abundance in each subpopulation and used perturbation analysis to calculate relative sensitivity of vital rates to cat abundance to demonstrate how management or mismanagement in one portion of the population could have repercussions across all portions of the network. Our study provides a general framework to consider cat population abundance in urban areas and, with refinement that includes city-specific parameter estimates and modeling, could provide a better understanding of population dynamics of cats in our communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. T. Tyler Flockhart
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason B. Coe
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Vimercati G, Davies SJ, Hui C, Measey J. Does restricted access limit management of invasive urban frogs? Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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The generality of management recommendations across populations of an invasive perennial herb. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Integrating age structured and landscape resistance models to disentangle invasion dynamics of a pond-breeding anuran. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Buchadas A, Vaz AS, Honrado JP, Alagador D, Bastos R, Cabral JA, Santos M, Vicente JR. Dynamic models in research and management of biological invasions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 196:594-606. [PMID: 28351824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species are increasing in number, extent and impact worldwide. Effective invasion management has thus become a core socio-ecological challenge. To tackle this challenge, integrating spatial-temporal dynamics of invasion processes with modelling approaches is a promising approach. The inclusion of dynamic processes in such modelling frameworks (i.e. dynamic or hybrid models, here defined as models that integrate both dynamic and static approaches) adds an explicit temporal dimension to the study and management of invasions, enabling the prediction of invasions and optimisation of multi-scale management and governance. However, the extent to which dynamic approaches have been used for that purpose is under-investigated. Based on a literature review, we examined the extent to which dynamic modelling has been used to address invasions worldwide. We then evaluated how the use of dynamic modelling has evolved through time in the scope of invasive species management. The results suggest that modelling, in particular dynamic modelling, has been increasingly applied to biological invasions, especially to support management decisions at local scales. Also, the combination of dynamic and static modelling approaches (hybrid models with a spatially explicit output) can be especially effective, not only to support management at early invasion stages (from prevention to early detection), but also to improve the monitoring of invasion processes and impact assessment. Further development and testing of such hybrid models may well be regarded as a priority for future research aiming to improve the management of invasions across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Buchadas
- InBIO-CIBIO - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sofia Vaz
- InBIO-CIBIO - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - João P Honrado
- InBIO-CIBIO - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Diogo Alagador
- InBio-CIBIO, Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade de Évora, 7000-890 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Rita Bastos
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - João A Cabral
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Mário Santos
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Joana R Vicente
- InBIO-CIBIO - Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal.
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15
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Péron M, Jansen CC, Mantyka‐Pringle C, Nicol S, Schellhorn NA, Becker KH, Chadès I. Selecting simultaneous actions of different durations to optimally manage an ecological network. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Péron
- Mathematical School Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Dutton Park Qld 4102 Australia
| | - Cassie C. Jansen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Dutton Park Qld 4102 Australia
- Metro North Public Health Unit Queensland Health Windsor Qld 4030 Australia
| | - Chrystal Mantyka‐Pringle
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Dutton Park Qld 4102 Australia
- School of Environment and Sustainability Global Institute for Water Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK S7N 5B3 Canada
| | - Sam Nicol
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Dutton Park Qld 4102 Australia
| | - Nancy A. Schellhorn
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Dutton Park Qld 4102 Australia
| | - Kai Helge Becker
- Department of Management Science University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XQ UK
| | - Iadine Chadès
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Dutton Park Qld 4102 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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16
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Osawa T, Okawa S, Kurokawa S, Ando S. Generating an agricultural risk map based on limited ecological information: A case study using Sicyos angulatus. AMBIO 2016; 45:895-903. [PMID: 27118183 PMCID: PMC5102964 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a method for estimating the risk of agricultural damage caused by an invasive species when species-specific information is lacking. We defined the "risk" as the product of the invasion probability and the area of potentially damaged crop for production. As a case study, we estimated the risk imposed by an invasive weed, Sicyos angulatus, based on simple cellular simulations and governmental data on the area of crop that could potentially be damaged in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Simulation results revealed that the current distribution range was sufficiently accurate for practical purposes. Using these results and records of crop areas, we present risk maps for S. angulatus in agricultural fields. Managers will be able to use these maps to rapidly establish a management plan with minimal cost. Our approach will be valuable for establishing a management plan before or during the early stages of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Osawa
- National Institute for Agro-environmental Sciences, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604 Japan
| | - Shigenori Okawa
- Miyagi Prefectural Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, 88, Osaki-fukoku, Furukawa, Miyagi 989-6227 Japan
| | - Shunji Kurokawa
- NARO Agricultural Research Center, 3-1-1, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ando
- Miyagi Prefectural Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, 88, Osaki-fukoku, Furukawa, Miyagi 989-6227 Japan
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17
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Chadès I, Nicol S, Rout TM, Péron M, Dujardin Y, Pichancourt JB, Hastings A, Hauser CE. Optimization methods to solve adaptive management problems. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-016-0313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Tulloch AIT, Pichancourt JB, Gosper CR, Sanders A, Chadès I. Fire management strategies to maintain species population processes in a fragmented landscape of fire-interval extremes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:2175-2189. [PMID: 27755728 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Changed fire regimes have led to declines of fire-regime-adapted species and loss of biodiversity globally. Fire affects population processes of growth, reproduction, and dispersal in different ways, but there is little guidance about the best fire regime(s) to maintain species population processes in fire-prone ecosystems. We use a process-based approach to determine the best range of fire intervals for keystone plant species in a highly modified Mediterranean ecosystem in southwestern Australia where current fire regimes vary. In highly fragmented areas, fires are few due to limited ignitions and active suppression of wildfire on private land, while in highly connected protected areas fires are frequent and extensive. Using matrix population models, we predict population growth of seven Banksia species under different environmental conditions and patch connectivity, and evaluate the sensitivity of species survival to different fire management strategies and burning intervals. We discover that contrasting, complementary patterns of species life-histories with time since fire result in no single best fire regime. All strategies result in the local patch extinction of at least one species. A small number of burning strategies secure complementary species sets depending on connectivity and post-fire growing conditions. A strategy of no fire always leads to fewer species persisting than prescribed fire or random wildfire, while too-frequent or too-rare burning regimes lead to the possible local extinction of all species. In low landscape connectivity, we find a smaller range of suitable fire intervals, and strategies of prescribed or random burning result in a lower number of species with positive growth rates after 100 years on average compared with burning high connectivity patches. Prescribed fire may reduce or increase extinction risk when applied in combination with wildfire depending on patch connectivity. Poor growing conditions result in a significantly reduced number of species exhibiting positive growth rates after 100 years of management. By exploring the consequences of managing fire, we are able to identify which species are likely to disappear under a given fire regime. Identifying the appropriate complementarity of fire intervals, and their species-specific as well as community-level consequences, is crucial to reduce local extinctions of species in fragmented fire-prone landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha I T Tulloch
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2602, Australia.
| | | | - Carl R Gosper
- Science & Conservation Division, Department of Parks & Wildlife, and CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - Angela Sanders
- Bush Heritage Australia, Albany, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Iadine Chadès
- CSIRO, Ecoscience Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102, Australia
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van Klinken RD, Pichancourt JB. Population-level consequences of herbivory, changing climate, and source-sink dynamics on a long-lived invasive shrub. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 25:2255-2270. [PMID: 26910953 DOI: 10.1890/14-2202.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived plant species are highly valued environmentally, economically, and socially, but can also cause substantial harm as invaders. Realistic demographic predictions can guide management decisions, and are particularly valuable for long-lived species where population response times can be long. Long-lived species are also challenging, given population dynamics can be affected by factors as diverse as herbivory, climate, and dispersal. We developed a matrix model to evaluate the effects of herbivory by a leaf-feeding biological control agent released in Australia against a long-lived invasive shrub (mesquite, Leguminoseae: Prosopis spp.). The stage-structured, density-dependent model used an annual time step and 10 climatically diverse years of field data. Mesquite population demography is sensitive to source-sink dynamics as most seeds are consumed and redistributed spatially by livestock. In addition, individual mesquite plants, because they are long lived, experience natural climate variation that cycles over decadal scales, as well as anthropogenic climate change. The model therefore explicitly considered the effects of both net dispersal and climate variation. Herbivory strongly regulated mesquite populations through reduced growth and fertility, but additional mortality of older plants will be required to reach management goals within a reasonable time frame. Growth and survival of seeds and seedlings were correlated with daily soil moisture. As a result, population dynamics were sensitive to rainfall scenario, but population response times were typically slow (20-800 years to reach equilibrium or extinction) due to adult longevity. Equilibrium population densities were expected to remain 5% higher, and be more dynamic, if historical multi-decadal climate patterns persist, the effect being dampened by herbivory suppressing seed production irrespective of preceding rainfall. Dense infestations were unlikely to form under a drier climate, and required net dispersal under the current climate. Seed input wasn't required to form dense infestations under a wetter climate. Each factor we considered (ongoing herbivory, changing climate, and source-sink dynamics) has a strong bearing on how this invasive species should be managed, highlighting the need for considering both ecological context (in this case, source-sink dynamics) and the effect of climate variability at relevant temporal scales (daily, multi-decadal, and anthropogenic) when deriving management recommendations for long-lived species.
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Bino G, Grant TR, Kingsford RT. Life history and dynamics of a platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) population: four decades of mark-recapture surveys. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16073. [PMID: 26536832 PMCID: PMC4633588 DOI: 10.1038/srep16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the life-history and population dynamics of Australia's iconic and evolutionarily distinct platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) remains poor. We marked-recaptured 812 unique platypuses (total 1,622 captures), over four decades (1973-2014) in the Shoalhaven River, Australia. Strong sex-age differences were observed in life-history, including morphology and longevity. Apparent survival of adult females (Φ = 0.76) were higher than adult males (Φ = 0.57), as in juveniles: females Φ = 0.27, males Φ = 0.13. Females were highly likely to remain in the same pool (adult: P = 0.85, juvenile: P = 0.88), while residency rates were lower for males (adult: P = 0.74, juvenile: P = 0.46). We combined survival, movement and life-histories to develop population viability models and test the impact of a range of life-history parameters. While using estimated apparent survival produced unviable populations (mean population growth rate r = -0.23, extinction within 20 years), considering residency rates to adjust survival estimates, indicated more stable populations (r = 0.004, p = 0.04 of 100-year extinction). Further sensitivity analyses highlighted adult female survival and overall success of dispersal as most affecting viability. Findings provide robust life-history and viability estimates for a difficult study species. These could support developing large-scale population dynamics models required to underpin a much needed national risk assessment for the platypus, already declining in parts of its current distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Bino
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Tom R. Grant
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Richard T. Kingsford
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
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Pittman SE, Muthukrishnan R, West NM, Davis AS, Jordan NR, Forester JD. Mitigating the potential for invasive spread of the exotic biofuel crop, Miscanthus × giganteus. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Osawa T, Ito K. A rapid method for constructing precaution maps based on a simple virtual ecology model: a case study on the range expansion of the invasive aquatic species Limnoperna fortunei. POPUL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-015-0493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Flockhart DTT, Pichancourt JB, Norris DR, Martin TG. Unravelling the annual cycle in a migratory animal: breeding-season habitat loss drives population declines of monarch butterflies. J Anim Ecol 2014; 84:155-65. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Ryan Norris
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON N1G2W1 Canada
| | - Tara G. Martin
- Climate Adaptation Flagship; CSIRO; Ecosystem Sciences; GPO 2583 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub; Centre for Biodiversity & Conservation Science; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
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24
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Wilson JRU, Caplat P, Dickie IA, Hui C, Maxwell BD, Nuñez MA, Pauchard A, Rejmánek M, Richardson DM, Robertson MP, Spear D, Webber BL, van Wilgen BW, Zenni RD. A standardized set of metrics to assess and monitor tree invasions. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fletcher CS, Westcott DA. Dispersal and the design of effective management strategies for plant invasions: matching scales for success. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 23:1881-1892. [PMID: 24555314 DOI: 10.1890/12-2059.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal of propagules makes invasions a fundamentally spatial phenomenon, and to be effective, management actions to control or eradicate invasive species must take this spatial structure into account. While there is a vibrant literature linking detailed dispersal measurements to the rate of invasive spread, and a separate literature focused on incorporating management into invasive models in order to improve the control of weeds, there are relatively fewer manuscripts incorporating state-of-the-art dispersal modeling and management modeling together to provide on-ground recommendations for structuring effective management. In this paper, we perform a generalized analysis of a spatially explicit, individual-based simulation model of invasion management with empirically determined dispersal processes, illustrated with the example of Miconia calvescens in the Australian Wet Tropics rain forest, to explore how matching the spatial scale of management to the spatial scale of the dispersal processes underpinning invasion influences the success of management. We find that management strategies designed to maximize the number of weeds removed from the management region, either in the first year of management or over longer periods, provide a poor estimate of the spatial scale of management that maximizes the probability of eradication. We show that achieving a goal of certainty of eradication requires exceeding a minimal spatial scale of management and total management resourcing. We generalize these results to examine how the spatial scale of dispersal drives the spatial scale of effective management strategies. These results show that to be effective, management of dispersal-driven invasions must occur at spatial scales determined by the scale of dispersal processes, and resourced accordingly. It illustrates how those scales might be calculated for a specific case for which detailed dispersal data are available and generalizes the result to highlight how dispersal scale drives the scale of effective management. The results highlight the importance of understanding the ecological drivers of invasion to structure effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S Fletcher
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, P.O. Box 780, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia.
| | - David A Westcott
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, P.O. Box 780, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia
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Marescot L, Chapron G, Chadès I, Fackler PL, Duchamp C, Marboutin E, Gimenez O. Complex decisions made simple: a primer on stochastic dynamic programming. Methods Ecol Evol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Marescot
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; UMR 5175; campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293; Montpellier; France
| | - Guillaume Chapron
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 73091; Riddarhyttan; Sweden
| | - Iadine Chadès
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences; 41 Boggo Road Dutton Park; QLD; 4102; Australia
| | - Paul L. Fackler
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics; North Carolina State University; Raleigh; NC; 27695-8109; USA
| | - Christophe Duchamp
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; CNERA prédateurs et animaux déprédateurs; Parc Micropolis; 05000; Gap; France
| | - Eric Marboutin
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; ZI Mayencin; 5 allée de Béthléem; 38610; Gières; France
| | - Olivier Gimenez
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; UMR 5175; campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293; Montpellier; France
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