1
|
Moreira RC, Leonardi GR, Bicas JL. Lipase-mediated alcoholysis for in situ production of ester bioaromas in licuri oil for cosmetic applications. J Biotechnol 2024; 392:25-33. [PMID: 38876312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Bioaromas can be produced by lipases either through their hydrolytic or (trans)esterifying activities. Therefore, this work reports the development of a lipase-catalyzed biotransformed licuri oil, forming volatile ethyl esters with odor notes resembling tropical fruits. Ethyl octanoate formation was promoted when 7.0 % (m/v) Lipozyme 435® was used to convert a grain alcohol:licuri oil mixture (51:49, v/v) at 58ºC and 70 rpm for 6 hours. The biotransformed oil has shown antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus hominis, S. epidermidis, and Corynebacterium xerosis, bacteria associated with bad skin odor. Finally, this biotransformed oil was used without further treatments (e.g., recovery or purification procedures) to prepare two cosmetic formulations (in a dosage of 1.5 %), aiming for both fragrant and deodorant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chelala Moreira
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- University of Campinas, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Candido Portinari Street, 200, Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Juliano Lemos Bicas
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Randazzo A, Venturi S, Tassi F. Soil processes modify the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from CO 2- and CH 4-dominated geogenic and landfill gases: A comprehensive study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171483. [PMID: 38458441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Degradation mechanisms affecting non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during gas uprising from different hypogenic sources to the surface were investigated through extensive sampling surveys in areas encompassing a high enthalpy hydrothermal system associated with active volcanism, a CH4-rich sedimentary basin and a municipal waste landfill. For a comprehensive framework, published data from medium-to-high enthalpy hydrothermal systems were also included. The investigated systems were characterised by peculiar VOC suites that reflected the conditions of the genetic environments in which temperature, contents of organic matter, and gas fugacity had a major role. Differences in VOC patterns between source (gas vents and landfill gas) and soil gases indicated VOC transformations in soil. Processes acting in soil preferentially degraded high-molecular weight alkanes with respect to the low-molecular weight ones. Alkenes and cyclics roughly behaved like alkanes. Thiophenes were degraded to a larger extent with respect to alkylated benzenes, which were more reactive than benzene. Furan appeared less degraded than its alkylated homologues. Dimethylsulfoxide was generally favoured with respect to dimethylsulfide. Limonene and camphene were relatively unstable under aerobic conditions, while α-pinene was recalcitrant. O-bearing organic compounds (i.e., aldehydes, esters, ketones, alcohols, organic acids and phenol) acted as intermediate products of the ongoing VOC degradations in soil. No evidence for the degradation of halogenated compounds and benzothiazole was observed. This study pointed out how soil degradation processes reduce hypogenic VOC emissions and the important role played by physicochemical and biological parameters on the effective VOC attenuation capacity of the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Randazzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - S Venturi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - F Tassi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Job JT, Visakh NU, Pathrose B, Alfarhan A, Rajagopal R, Thayyullathil J, Thejass P, Ramesh V, Narayanankutty A. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Citrus reticulata Blanco Peels Collected from Agrowastes. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301223. [PMID: 38108562 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits have a thick outer coat which is often discarded due to its low economic value and usually contributes to the waste. So this work focused on exploring the potential pharmacological properties of the discarded citrus peels. In the present study, we extracted the essential oil from peel wastes of Citrus reticulata Blanco (CREO) from the local market. The antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of essential oil were evaluated. The CREO exhibited a strong antioxidant property with DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, H2 O2 radical scavenging, Ferric reducing antioxidant power and for Lipid peroxidation inhibition respectively. Antibacterial properties of CREO was indicated against different pathogenic microbial strains like E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. enterica in terms of disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Further, anticancer properties studied on breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 of 56.67±3.12 μg/mL and 76.44±2.53 μg/mL respectively. The GC-MS analysis of CREO revealed the presence of major compounds like S-limonene, α-pinene, α-myrcene, and cis-terpinene which might have played a significant role in strong antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties. The study thus identified the potential health benefits of Citrus reticulata peel waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joice Tom Job
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, 673008, Calicut, Kerala, India
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Government College Madappally, 673102, Vadakara, Kerala, India
| | - Naduvilthara U Visakh
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, 680656, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Berin Pathrose
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, 680656, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jobiraj Thayyullathil
- PG Department of Zoology, Government College Kodenchery, Kodenchery, 673580 Calicut, Kerala, India
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Government College Madappally, 673102, Vadakara, Kerala, India
| | - P Thejass
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Government College Madappally, 673102, Vadakara, Kerala, India
| | - Varsha Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Deakin University, 3217, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, 673008, Calicut, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nair IM, Kochupurackal J. Squalene hopene cyclases and oxido squalene cyclases: potential targets for regulating cyclisation reactions. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:573-588. [PMID: 37055654 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Squalene hopene cyclases (SHC) convert squalene, the linear triterpene to fused ring product hopanoid by the cationic cyclization mechanism. The main function of hopanoids, a class of pentacyclic triterpenoids in bacteria involves the maintenance of membrane fluidity and stability. 2, 3-oxido squalene cyclases are functional analogues of SHC in eukaryotes and both these enzymes have fascinated researchers for the high stereo selectivity, complexity, and efficiency they possess. The peculiar property of the enzyme squalene hopene cyclase to accommodate substrates other than its natural substrate can be exploited for the use of these enzymes in an industrial perspective. Here, we present an extensive overview of the enzyme squalene hopene cyclase with emphasis on the cloning and overexpression strategies. An attempt has been made to explore recent research trends around squalene cyclase mediated cyclization reactions of flavour and pharmaceutical significance by using non-natural molecules as substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Muraleedharan Nair
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Athirampuzha, Kottayam, 686560, India
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu M, Wang Y, Yu Y, Wen J, Cheong MS, Cheang WS, Wu J. Changes of volatile substance composition during processing of nine-processed tangerine peel (Jiuzhi Chenpi) determined by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Front Nutr 2022; 9:963655. [PMID: 36091238 PMCID: PMC9449410 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine-processed tangerine peel (Jiuzhi Chenpi in Chinese) is a famous Chinese traditional snack. The composition and contents of volatile substances during its processing is unclear. Gas chromatography combined with ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was applied to determine the characteristic changes of volatile components throughout the production process. Four stages such as untreated dry tangerine peel (raw material), debittered tangerine peel, pickled tangerine peel, and final product were examined. A total of 110 flavor compounds including terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, acids, and two others were successfully detected in tangerine peel samples across the various production stages. There were abundant amounts of terpenes contributing to the flavor, including limonene, gamma-terpinene, alpha-pinene, myrcene, beta-pinene, and alpha-thujene which were reduced at the later stage of production. Large amounts of esters and alcohols such as methyl acetate, furfuryl acetate, ethyl acetate, benzyl propionate, 2-hexanol, linalool, and isopulegol, were diminished at the early stage of processing, i.e., soaking for debittering. One the other hand, the final product contained increased amount of aldehydes and ketones including pentanal, hexanal, 2-hexenal, 2-heptenal (E), 2-pentenal (E), 1-penten-3-one, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-methyl-2-propenal, and 2-cyclohexen-1-one, and very high level of acetic acid. Present findings help to understand the formation of the unique flavor of nine-processed tangerine peel and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of processing methods and quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manqin Fu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Sam Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Wai San Cheang,
| | - Jijun Wu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jijun Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mittal R, Srivastava G, Ganjewala D. An update on the progress of microbial biotransformation of commercial monoterpenes. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:225-240. [PMID: 34881551 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes, a class of isoprenoid compounds, are extensively used in flavor, fragrance, perfumery, and cosmetics. They display many astonishing bioactive properties of biological and pharmacological significance. All monoterpenes are derived from universal precursor geranyl diphosphate. The demand for new monoterpenoids has been increasing in flavor, fragrances, perfumery, and pharmaceuticals. Chemical methods, which are harmful for human and the environment, synthesize most of these products. Over the years, researchers have developed alternative methods for the production of newer monoterpenoids. Microbial biotransformation is one of them, which relied on microbes and their enzymes. It has produced many new desirable commercially important monoterpenoids. A growing number of reports reflect an ever-expanding scope of microbial biotransformation in food and aroma industries. Simultaneously, our knowledge of the enzymology of monoterpene biosynthetic pathways has been increasing, which facilitated the biotransformation of monoterpenes. In this article, we have covered the progress made on microbial biotransformation of commercial monoterpenes with a brief introduction to their biosynthesis. We have collected several reports from authentic web sources, including Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus published in the past few years to extract information on the topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Mittal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Gauri Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Deepak Ganjewala
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun C, Zhang R, Xie C. Efficient Synthesis of (R)-(+)-Perillyl Alcohol From (R)-(+)-Limonene Using Engineered Escherichia coli Whole Cell Biocatalyst. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:900800. [PMID: 35547170 PMCID: PMC9084310 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.900800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol is a much valued supplemental compound with a wide range of agricultural and pharmacological characteristics. The aim of this study was to improve (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol production using a whole-cell catalytic formula. In this study, we employed plasmids with varying copy numbers to identify an appropriate strain, strain 03. We demonstrated that low levels of alKL provided maximal biocatalyst stability. Upon determination of the optimal conditions, the (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol yield reached 130 mg/L. For cofactor regeneration, we constructed strain 10, expressing FDH from Candida boidinii, and achieved (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol production of 230 mg/L. As a result, 1.23 g/L (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol was transformed in a 5 L fermenter. Our proposed method facilitates an alternative approach to the economical biosynthesis of (R)-(+)-perillyl alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- A State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rubing Zhang, ; Congxia Xie,
| | - Congxia Xie
- A State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rubing Zhang, ; Congxia Xie,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fungal biotransformation of limonene and pinene for aroma production. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
9
|
Mahanta BP, Bora PK, Kemprai P, Borah G, Lal M, Haldar S. Thermolabile essential oils, aromas and flavours: Degradation pathways, effect of thermal processing and alteration of sensory quality. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110404. [PMID: 34112407 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based aroma chemicals, constituting the essential oils play a great role as the natural flavours and preservatives in the food industries. Many of these metabolites are susceptible to degradation under heat (i.e. thermolabile aroma chemicals) which may influence the organoleptic properties of the end-products e.g. essential oil, oleoresin, dry herb, tea and packaged juice. The current review identified in total 42 thermolabile aroma and/or flavour molecules belonging to monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and phenolics. The probable pathway of their degradation and its promoting conditions were also described. Degradation pathways were categorized into five major classes including oxidation, C-C bond cleavage, elimination, hydrolysis and rearrangement. Numerous evidences were cited in support of the thermosensitivity of these phytochemicals under pyrolytic, thermal heating or gas chromatographic conditions. Various post-harvest processes involved in the manufacturing such as drying and distillation of the crops or thermal treatment of the food-products for storage were highlighted as the root cause of degradation. The influence of thermolabile aroma chemicals to maintain the sensory quality of the end-products such as citrus juices, floral oils and thermally cooked foods was discussed in detail. In the present article, detailed insight into the chemical and sensory aspects of thermosensitive aromas and flavours was provided, covering the period from 1990 up to 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Protim Mahanta
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Pranjit Kumar Bora
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Phirose Kemprai
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Gitasree Borah
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soares-Castro P, Soares F, Santos PM. Current Advances in the Bacterial Toolbox for the Biotechnological Production of Monoterpene-Based Aroma Compounds. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010091. [PMID: 33379215 PMCID: PMC7794910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes are plant secondary metabolites, widely used in industrial processes as precursors of important aroma compounds, such as vanillin and (-)-menthol. However, the physicochemical properties of monoterpenes make difficult their conventional conversion into value-added aromas. Biocatalysis, either by using whole cells or enzymes, may overcome such drawbacks in terms of purity of the final product, ecological and economic constraints of the current catalysis processes or extraction from plant material. In particular, the ability of oxidative enzymes (e.g., oxygenases) to modify the monoterpene backbone, with high regio- and stereo-selectivity, is attractive for the production of "natural" aromas for the flavor and fragrances industries. We review the research efforts carried out in the molecular analysis of bacterial monoterpene catabolic pathways and biochemical characterization of the respective key oxidative enzymes, with particular focus on the most relevant precursors, β-pinene, limonene and β-myrcene. The presented overview of the current state of art demonstrates that the specialized enzymatic repertoires of monoterpene-catabolizing bacteria are expanding the toolbox towards the tailored and sustainable biotechnological production of values-added aroma compounds (e.g., isonovalal, α-terpineol, and carvone isomers) whose implementation must be supported by the current advances in systems biology and metabolic engineering approaches.
Collapse
|
11
|
Feye KM, Swaggerty CL, Kogut MH, Ricke SC, Piva A, Grilli E. The biological effects of microencapsulated organic acids and botanicals induces tissue-specific and dose-dependent changes to the Gallus gallus microbiota. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:332. [PMID: 33138790 PMCID: PMC7607615 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microencapsulated organic acids and botanicals have the potential to develop into important tools for the poultry industry. A blend of organic acids and botanicals (AviPlus®P) has previously shown to reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter in chickens; however, changes to the microbiota of the jejunum and ileum have not been evaluated. Microbiota diversity is linked to, but not correlated with, the efficacy of natural products; therefore, understanding the effects on the microbiota is necessary for evaluating their potential as an antibiotic alternative. Results Ileal and jejunal segments from control and supplement-fed chickens (300 and 500 g/metric ton [MT]) were subjected to alpha diversity analysis including Shannon’s diversity and Pielou’s Evenness. In both analytics, the diversity in the ileum was significantly decreased compared to the jejunum irrespective of treatment. Similarly, beta diversity metrics including Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index and Weighted Unifrac Distance Matrix, were significant (Q < 0.05) for both tissue and treatments comparisons. Alpha and beta diversity analytics indicated compartmentalization effects between the ileum and jejunum. Additionally, analysis of communities in the microbiota (ANCOM) analysis showed Lactobacilliaceae predominated the total operational taxonomic units (OTU), with a stepwise increase from 53% in the no treatment control (NTC) to 56% in the 300 g/MT and 67% in the 500 g/MT group. Staphylococcaceae were 2% in NTC and 2 and 0% in 300 and 500 g/MT groups. Enterobacteriaceae decreased in the 500 g/MT (31%) and increased in the 300 g/MT (37%) compared to the NTC (35%). Aerococcaceae was 0% for both doses and 7% in NTC. Ruminococcaceae were 0% in NTC and 2 and 1% in the 300 and 500 g/MT. These changes in the microbial consortia were statistically (Q < 0.05) associated with treatment groups in the jejunum that were not observed in the ileum. Least discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSE) indicated different changes directly corresponding to treatment. Enterobacteriaceae demonstrated a stepwise decrease (from NTC onward) while Clostridiaceae, were significantly increased in the 500 g/MT compared to NTC and 300 g/MT (P < 0.05). Conclusion The bioactive site for the microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals was the jejunum, and dietary inclusion enhanced the GIT microbiota and may be a viable antibiotic alternative for the poultry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Feye
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Christina L Swaggerty
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
| | - Michael H Kogut
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science & Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea Piva
- DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Vetagro S.p.A, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
In Vitro Enzymatic Conversion of Glibenclamide Using Squalene Hopene Cyclase from Pseudomonas mendocina Expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:456-465. [PMID: 32757148 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Squalene hopene cyclases catalyse the conversion of a linear substrate squalene to a cyclic product with high stereo-selectivity.The enzyme squalene hopene cyclase from Pseudomonas mendocina expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) was evaluated for its synthetic drug transforming ability. Nine synthetic drugs were selected as substrates for biotransformation reactions by the enzyme. The homology modelling of the protein and docking of the selected ligands were performed using GOLD suite docking software. The drug which showed maximum binding with the active-site residues of the enzyme was selected for biotransformation studies. On transformation with the enzyme, Glibenclamide, the selected antidiabetic drug alone showed significant changes in the FT/IR spectra; hence, it was selected for LCMS analysis to confirm the transformations. From the chromatogram and MS spectra, the mono-oxygenation of the product due to the enzymatic activity was confirmed. The drug transforming ability of the purified SHC could be used as an ideal tool for the generation of new and active substrate derivatives.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sales A, Felipe LDO, Bicas JL. Production, Properties, and Applications of α-Terpineol. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Molina G, Pessôa MG, Bicas JL, Fontanille P, Larroche C, Pastore GM. Optimization of limonene biotransformation for the production of bulk amounts of α-terpineol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122180. [PMID: 31606595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biotransformation of R-(+)-limonene into high concentrations of R-(+)-α-terpineol by Sphingobium sp. was investigated in order to optimize the main process variables (pH, biocatalyst concentration, substrate concentration, temperature and agitation). This strategy comprised the screening of variables by a Plackett-Burman design followed by a Central Composite Design. The statistical analysis showed that the optimal α-terpineol production were at 28 °C and pH 7.0, with a limonene concentration of 350 g/L of organic phase agitation of 200 rpm and a biocatalyst concentration of 2.8 g/L of aqueous phase (OD600 = 8). Further trials showed that the R-(+)-α-terpineol concentration was higher (240 g/L after 96 h) when using a ratio of 1:3 (v.v-1) of organic:aqueous phases. However, the total production and yield (in terms of biomass) of α-terpineol would be maximized for an aqueous:organic ratio of 1:1. The experimental design optimization adopted herein was an effective tool for this type of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Molina
- Laboratory of Bioflavors, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering - University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, TSA 60026, F-63178 Aubière cedex, France.
| | - Marina G Pessôa
- Laboratory of Bioflavors, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering - University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano L Bicas
- Laboratory of Bioflavors, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering - University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pierre Fontanille
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, TSA 60026, F-63178 Aubière cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Christian Larroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, TSA 60026, F-63178 Aubière cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, F-63178 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Gláucia M Pastore
- Laboratory of Bioflavors, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering - University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sales A, Moreira RC, Pastore GM, Bicas JL. Establishment of culture conditions for bio-transformation of R-(+)-limonene to limonene-1,2-diol by Colletotrichum nymphaeae CBMAI 0864. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Making Virtue Out of Necessity: Managing the Citrus Waste Supply Chain for Bioeconomy Applications. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10124821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficient use of agricultural wastes and by-products, which essentially transforms waste materials into value-added products, is considered as pivotal for an effective bioeconomy strategy for the rural development. Within this scope, citrus waste management represents a major issue for citrus processors. However, it also represents a potentially unexploited resource for rural sustainable development. This study focuses on analyzing the current management of citrus waste in South Italy, and on identifying the determinants and barriers that may affect an entrepreneur’s choice in the destination of citrus waste. This study investigates the preferences of citrus processors regarding the contract characteristics necessary to take part in a co-investment scheme. Both analyses are preliminary steps in designing an innovative and sustainable citrus by-product supply chain. Results show that the distance between the citrus processors and the citrus by-products plant is one of the main criteria for choosing alternative valorization pathways. Moreover, guaranteed capital, a short duration of the contract, and reduced risk are contract scheme characteristics that improve entrepreneurs’ willingness to co-invest in the development of a citrus waste multifunctional plant. The overall applied approach can be extended to other contexts for designing new and innovative by-product supply chains, thereby enhancing the implementation of bioeconomy strategies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Puentes-Cala E, Harder J. An RND transporter in the monoterpene metabolism of Castellaniella defragrans. Biodegradation 2018; 30:1-12. [PMID: 30334144 PMCID: PMC6394551 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The betaproteobacterium Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen grows on monoterpenes at concentrations toxic to many bacteria. Tolerance mechanisms include modifications of the membrane fatty acid composition and the mineralization of monoterpenes. In this study, we characterized an efflux transporter associated to the monoterpene metabolism. The inner-membrane transporter AmeD (apolar monoterpene efflux) affiliated to the HAE3 (hydrophobe/amphiphile efflux) family within the Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) superfamily. RND pumps of the HAE3 family are known for transporting substrates into the periplasm. AmeD is co-expressed with the outer membrane protein AmeA and the periplasmic proteins AmeB and AmeC, suggesting an export channel into the environment similar to HAE1-type RND exporters. Proteins AmeABCD are encoded within a genetic island involved in the metabolism of acyclic and cyclic monoterpenes. The deletion of ameABCD translated into a decrease in tolerance to monoterpenes in liquid cultures. The addition of acetate as cosubstrate in limonene-containing cultures partially alleviated monoterpene toxicity in the deletion mutant. Accumulation of Nile Red in cells of C. defragrans required dissipation of the proton motive force with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Cells lacking AmeABCD accumulated more Nile Red, suggesting an export function of the proteins. Our observations suggest that the tetrapartite RND transporter AmeABCD acts as an exporter during monoterpene detoxification in C. defragrans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edinson Puentes-Cala
- Dept. of Microbiology, Max Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jens Harder
- Dept. of Microbiology, Max Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Calabrò PS, Paone E, Komilis D. Strategies for the sustainable management of orange peel waste through anaerobic digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 212:462-468. [PMID: 29459338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The processing of oranges is a major industry worldwide and leads to the production of large amounts of orange peel waste (OPW). Energy production through anaerobic digestion of OPW is a promising option; however, the high content of essential oil, mainly composed of d-limonene, a well-known antioxidant, can cause the inhibition of the biological activity. In this paper, different pretreatment methods were tested (e.g. ensiling, aeration, thermal and alkaline treatments) to optimize the anaerobic digestion of OPW focusing on d-limonene removal. The raw and pretreated substrates were characterized and their biochemical methane production was measured. The results demonstrated the ability of some of the treatments to reduce d-limonene content up to 80%. A relatively high biomethane potential production of OPW (up to about 500 NmL CH4 g-1VS) was measured. The importance of the acclimation of inoculum and the risk connected to the accumulation of inhibiting substances in the reactor is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Calabrò
- Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, dell'Energia dell'Ambiente e dei Materiali, via Graziella, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - E Paone
- Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, dell'Energia dell'Ambiente e dei Materiali, via Graziella, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - D Komilis
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Environmental Engineering, Xanthi, 67132, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pizzolante G, Cordero C, Tredici SM, Vergara D, Pontieri P, Del Giudice L, Capuzzo A, Rubiolo P, Kanchiswamy CN, Zebelo SA, Bicchi C, Maffei ME, Alifano P. Cultivable gut bacteria provide a pathway for adaptation of Chrysolina herbacea to Mentha aquatica volatiles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:30. [PMID: 28249605 PMCID: PMC5333409 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chemical cross-talk between plants and insects is required in order to achieve a successful co-adaptation. In response to herbivory, plants produce specific compounds, and feeding insects respond adequately7 to molecules produced by plants. Here we show the role of the gut microbial community of the mint beetle Chrysolina herbacea in the chemical cross-talk with Mentha aquatica (or watermint). RESULTS By using two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry we first evaluated the chemical patterns of both M. aquatica leaf and frass volatiles extracted by C. herbacea males and females feeding on plants, and observed marked differences between males and females volatiles. The sex-specific chemical pattern of the frass paralleled with sex-specific distribution of cultivable gut bacteria. Indeed, all isolated gut bacteria from females belonged to either α- or γ-Proteobacteria, whilst those from males were γ-Proteobacteria or Firmicutes. We then demonstrated that five Serratia marcescens strains from females possessed antibacterial activity against bacteria from males belonging to Firmicutes suggesting competition by production of antimicrobial compounds. By in vitro experiments, we lastly showed that the microbial communities from the two sexes were associated to specific metabolic patterns with respect to their ability to biotransform M. aquatica terpenoids, and metabolize them into an array of compounds with possible pheromone activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that cultivable gut bacteria of Chrysolina herbacea males and females influence the volatile blend of herbivory induced Mentha aquatica volatiles in a sex-specific way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Pizzolante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria n°9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore M. Tredici
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Davide Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paola Pontieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-UOS Portici (IBBR-UOS Portici), CNR, Portici (NA) c/o, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-UOS Portici (IBBR-UOS Portici), CNR, Portici (NA) c/o, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Capuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria n°9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chidananda N. Kanchiswamy
- Research and Innovation Centre Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Istituto Agrario San Michele (IASMA), Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN Italy
| | - Simon A. Zebelo
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 1117 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, 21853 MD USA
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria n°9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vespermann KAC, Paulino BN, Barcelos MCS, Pessôa MG, Pastore GM, Molina G. Biotransformation of α- and β-pinene into flavor compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:1805-1817. [PMID: 28105487 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Products that bear the label "natural" have gained more attention in the marketplace. In this approach, the production of aroma compounds through biotransformation or bioconversion has been receiving more incentives in economic and research fields. Among the substrates used in these processes, terpenes can be highlighted for their versatility and low cost; some examples are limonene, α-pinene, and β-pinene. This work focused on the biotransformation of the two bicyclic monoterpenes, α-pinene and β-pinene; the use of different biocatalysts; the products obtained; and the conditions employed in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kele A C Vespermann
- Laboratoy of Food Biotechnology, Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno N Paulino
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara C S Barcelos
- Laboratoy of Food Biotechnology, Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina G Pessôa
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M Pastore
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Laboratoy of Food Biotechnology, Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, UFVJM, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Berasategui A, Axelsson K, Nordlander G, Schmidt A, Borg-Karlson AK, Gershenzon J, Terenius O, Kaltenpoth M. The gut microbiota of the pine weevil is similar across Europe and resembles that of other conifer-feeding beetles. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4014-31. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Berasategui
- Department of Biochemistry; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Hans Knöll Straβe, 07745 Jena Germany
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Hans Knöll Straβe, 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Karolin Axelsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry; KTH (Royal Institute of Technology); AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Göran Nordlander
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Hans Knöll Straβe, 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
- Department of Organic Chemistry; KTH (Royal Institute of Technology); AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Hans Knöll Straβe, 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Olle Terenius
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Insect Symbiosis Research Group; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Hans Knöll Straβe, 07745 Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Palmerín-Carreño DM, Rutiaga-Quiñones OM, Verde-Calvo JR, Prado-Barragán A, Huerta-Ochoa S. Whole Cell Bioconversion of (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone in 100 % Organic Phase using Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the whole cell bioconversion of (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone in 100 % organic phase (orange essential oil) using a stirred tank bioreactor. Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab was used to perform bioconversion experiments; 600 mL of orange essential oil was inoculated with 50 cm3 of cell paste containing 13.5 g of biomass previously permeabilized with 0.2 % (w/v) of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and enriched with 2.0 mM niacin. Experiments were conducted at 200 rpm, 0.5 vvm and 30 °C. The highest (+)-nootkatone yield was ca. 773 mg L−1 after 4 days of conversion. Bioconversion percent and volumetric productivity increased to 82.3 % and 8.06 mg L−1 h−1 compared to those reported previously using a three-phase partitioning bioreactor. The absence of free water in the system did not affect the performance of Y. lipolytica 2.2ab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dulce M. Palmerín-Carreño
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, P.A. 55–535, 09340 Iztapalapa, México D.F., México
| | | | - José R. Verde-Calvo
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, P.A. 55–535, 09340 Iztapalapa, México D.F., México
| | - Arely Prado-Barragán
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, P.A. 55–535, 09340 Iztapalapa, México D.F., México
| | - Sergio Huerta-Ochoa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, P.A. 55–535, 09340 Iztapalapa, México D.F., México
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Calabrò PS, Pontoni L, Porqueddu I, Greco R, Pirozzi F, Malpei F. Effect of the concentration of essential oil on orange peel waste biomethanization: Preliminary batch results. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 48:440-447. [PMID: 26584555 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of orange (Citrus×sinensis) and its transformation is a major industry in many countries in the world, it leads to the production of about 25-30Mt of orange peel waste (OPW) per year. Until now many options have been proposed for the management of OPW but although they are technically feasible, in many cases their economic/environmental sustainability is questionable. This paper analyse at lab scale the possibility of using OPW as a substrate for anaerobic digestion. Specific objectives are testing the possible codigestion with municipal biowaste, verifying the effect on methane production of increasingly high concentration of orange essential oil (EO, that is well known to have antioxidant properties that can slower or either inhibit biomass activity) and obtaining information on the behaviour of d-limonene, the main EO component, during anaerobic digestion. The results indicate that OPW can produce up to about 370LnCH4/kgVS in mesophilic conditions and up to about 300LnCH4/kgVS in thermophilic conditions. The presence of increasingly high concentrations of EO temporary inhibits methanogenesis, but according to the results of batch tests, methane production restarts while d-limonene is partially degraded through a pathway that requires its conversion into p-cymene as the main intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Calabrò
- Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, dell'Energia dell'Ambiente e dei Materiali, via Graziella, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - L Pontoni
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - I Porqueddu
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Piazza L.da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Greco
- Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, dell'Energia dell'Ambiente e dei Materiali, via Graziella, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - F Pirozzi
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Malpei
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Piazza L.da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gene discovery for enzymes involved in limonene modification or utilization by the mountain pine beetle-associated pathogen Grosmannia clavigera. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 80:4566-76. [PMID: 24837377 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00670-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To successfully colonize and eventually kill pine trees, Grosmannia clavigera (Gs cryptic species), the main fungal pathogen associated with the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), has developed multiple mechanisms to overcome host tree chemical defenses, of which terpenoids are a major component. In addition to a monoterpene efflux system mediated by a recently discovered ABC transporter, Gs has genes that are highly induced by monoterpenes and that encode enzymes that modify or utilize monoterpenes [especially (+)-limonene]. We showed that pine-inhabiting Ophiostomale fungi are tolerant to monoterpenes, but only a few, including Gs, are known to utilize monoterpenes as a carbon source. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that Gs can modify (+)-limonene through various oxygenation pathways, producing carvone, p-mentha-2,8-dienol, perillyl alcohol, and isopiperitenol. It can also degrade (+)-limonene through the C-1-oxygenated pathway, producing limonene-1,2-diol as the most abundant intermediate. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data indicated that Gs may utilize limonene 1,2-diol through beta-oxidation and then valine and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolic pathways. The data also suggested that at least two gene clusters, located in genome contigs 108 and 161, were highly induced by monoterpenes and may be involved in monoterpene degradation processes. Further, gene knockouts indicated that limonene degradation required two distinct Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs), an epoxide hydrolase and an enoyl coenzyme A (enoyl-CoA) hydratase. Our work provides information on enzyme-mediated limonene utilization or modification and a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between an economically important fungal pathogen and its host's defense chemicals.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tozin LR, Marques MO, Rodrigues TM. Glandular trichome density and essential oil composition in leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth (Verbenaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 87:943-53. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils from leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth present aromatic and medicinal potential and have been used to treat several diseases, including melanoma. In Brazil, L. origanoides is commonly found in campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu, physiognomies featured mainly by the differential light conditions to which short and medium-sized plants are subjected. Our aim was to investigate the glandular trichome density and the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils in leaves and inflorescences of L. origanoides from campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu. For glandular density analysis, leaves and inflorescences were processed according to conventional techniques for scanning electron microscopy. The essential oils of leaves and inflorescences were obtained by hydrodistillation and identified with gas chromatography. Bracts and sepals showed the highest glandular density, followed by petals and leaves. The glandular density in the abaxial leaf surface was higher in individuals from the campo cerrado. In both populations the essential oil yield was higher in inflorescences than in leaves. The chemical composition of the essential oils varied among individuals from different areas and inside a same population. Our results demonstrated the chemical plasticity of L. origanoides suggesting the importance of monitoring its popular use.
Collapse
|
27
|
Comparative study of the bioconversion process using R-(+)- and S-(–)-limonene as substrates for Fusarium oxysporum 152B. Food Chem 2015; 174:606-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
28
|
Bioconversion of α-pinene by a novel cold-adapted fungus Chrysosporium pannorum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:181-8. [PMID: 25487757 PMCID: PMC4293472 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The psychrotrophic fungus Chrysosporium pannorum A-1 is reported for the first time as a novel biocatalyst for O2-promoted oxidation of α-pinene. GC–MS analysis indicated that the main products of the reaction were compounds of a high commercial value, verbenol (1) and verbenone (2). Exponentially growing cells (days 2–3) were about twice as active as cells in the late stationary phase in terms of the total concentration of products. The highest yields of 1 and 2 were obtained using three-day and two-day-old mycelia and a medium containing 1.5 and 1 % (v/v) of the substrate, respectively. The optimal time for the bioconversion of α-pinene varied from 1 to 3 days, and depended on the kind of product desired. Most of 1 was produced at a relatively high concentration of 360 mg/L after the first six hours of α-pinene bioconversion [with an average yield of 69 mg/(g dry cell L aqueous phase)]. The oxidative activity of C. pannorum was identified across a wide temperature range of 5–25 °C, 10 °C being the optimum for the production of 1 and 20 °C for the production of 2. Sequential addition of the substrate during 3 days of the biotransformation resulted in a significant increase in 1 and 2 up to 722 and 176 mg/L, respectively, and a 2-fold enhancement of product yield as compared to bioconversion with a single supply of α-pinene. The concentration of total conversion products in the culture medium reached 1.33 g/L [which corresponded product yield of 225 mg/(g dry cell L)]. This represents probably the most promising result reported to date for oxidative biotransformation of α-pinene by a wild-type microorganism.
Collapse
|
29
|
Marmulla R, Harder J. Microbial monoterpene transformations-a review. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:346. [PMID: 25076942 PMCID: PMC4097962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene and monoterpenes constitute a significant fraction of new plant biomass. Emission rates into the atmosphere alone are estimated to be over 500 Tg per year. These natural hydrocarbons are mineralized annually in similar quantities. In the atmosphere, abiotic photochemical processes cause lifetimes of minutes to hours. Microorganisms encounter isoprene, monoterpenes, and other volatiles of plant origin while living in and on plants, in the soil and in aquatic habitats. Below toxic concentrations, the compounds can serve as carbon and energy source for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Besides these catabolic reactions, transformations may occur as part of detoxification processes. Initial transformations of monoterpenes involve the introduction of functional groups, oxidation reactions, and molecular rearrangements catalyzed by various enzymes. Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus strains and members of the genera Castellaniella and Thauera have become model organisms for the elucidation of biochemical pathways. We review here the enzymes and their genes together with microorganisms known for a monoterpene metabolism, with a strong focus on microorganisms that are taxonomically validly described and currently available from culture collections. Metagenomes of microbiomes with a monoterpene-rich diet confirmed the ecological relevance of monoterpene metabolism and raised concerns on the quality of our insights based on the limited biochemical knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Marmulla
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Harder
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Petasch J, Disch EM, Markert S, Becher D, Schweder T, Hüttel B, Reinhardt R, Harder J. The oxygen-independent metabolism of cyclic monoterpenes in Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:164. [PMID: 24952578 PMCID: PMC4109377 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The facultatively anaerobic betaproteobacterium Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen utilizes acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes as sole carbon source under oxic as well as anoxic conditions. A biotransformation pathway of the acyclic β-myrcene required linalool dehydratase-isomerase as initial enzyme acting on the hydrocarbon. An in-frame deletion mutant did not use myrcene, but was able to grow on monocyclic monoterpenes. The genome sequence and a comparative proteome analysis together with a random transposon mutagenesis were conducted to identify genes involved in the monocyclic monoterpene metabolism. Metabolites accumulating in cultures of transposon and in-frame deletion mutants disclosed the degradation pathway. Results Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen oxidizes the monocyclic monoterpene limonene at the primary methyl group forming perillyl alcohol. The genome of 3.95 Mb contained a 70 kb genome island coding for over 50 proteins involved in the monoterpene metabolism. This island showed higher homology to genes of another monoterpene-mineralizing betaproteobacterium, Thauera terpenica 58EuT, than to genomes of the family Alcaligenaceae, which harbors the genus Castellaniella. A collection of 72 transposon mutants unable to grow on limonene contained 17 inactivated genes, with 46 mutants located in the two genes ctmAB (cyclic terpene metabolism). CtmA and ctmB were annotated as FAD-dependent oxidoreductases and clustered together with ctmE, a 2Fe-2S ferredoxin gene, and ctmF, coding for a NADH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Transposon mutants of ctmA, B or E did not grow aerobically or anaerobically on limonene, but on perillyl alcohol. The next steps in the pathway are catalyzed by the geraniol dehydrogenase GeoA and the geranial dehydrogenase GeoB, yielding perillic acid. Two transposon mutants had inactivated genes of the monoterpene ring cleavage (mrc) pathway. 2-Methylcitrate synthase and 2-methylcitrate dehydratase were also essential for the monoterpene metabolism but not for growth on acetate. Conclusions The genome of Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen is related to other genomes of Alcaligenaceae, but contains a genomic island with genes of the monoterpene metabolism. Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen degrades limonene via a limonene dehydrogenase and the oxidation of perillyl alcohol. The initial oxidation at the primary methyl group is independent of molecular oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jens Harder
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen D-28359, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Grishko VV, Nogovitsina YM, Ivshina IB. Bacterial transformation of terpenoids. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n04abeh004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
32
|
Shojaei S, Kiumarsi A, Moghadam AR, Alizadeh J, Marzban H, Ghavami S. Perillyl Alcohol (Monoterpene Alcohol), Limonene. Enzymes 2014; 36:7-32. [PMID: 27102697 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802215-3.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have a long history of use in traditional medicines and their activities against different diseases have been the focus of many basic and clinical researches in past few decades. The essential oils, volatile liquid containing aroma compound from plants, are known as active ingredients in the herbal medicine. Perillyl alcohol (POH) is usually available through dietary sources and is being explored for its cancer chemoprevention, tumor growth suppression, and regression. Citrus peels are the waste product of juice manufacturing industries and have been considered as a critical problem for environmental green ecology policies for years. One of the most well-known approaches to overcome this problem is transformation of these monoterpene by the use of specific strains of bacteria or yeasts. Limonene (1-methyl-4-isopropyl-cyclohexene) is a monoterpene, as other monoterpenes consists of two isoprene units, that comprises more than 90% of citrus essential oil and it exists in many fruits and vegetables. Although, the anticancer activity of d-limonene has identified nearly two decades ago, it has recently attracted much more attention in translational medicine. In this chapter, we will overview the anticancer effects of POH and d-limonene. Later, we will address the pharmacokinetics of these compounds, highlight the signaling pathways which are targeted by these proteins, review the clinical trials which have been done for these compounds in different cancer models, and finally discuss the future directions of the research in this field that might be more applicable in future cancer therapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Kiumarsi
- Chang School of Continuing Education, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adel Rezaei Moghadam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Molina G, Pinheiro DM, Pimentel MR, dos Ssanros R, Pastore GM. Monoterpene bioconversion for the production of aroma compounds by fungi isolated from Brazilian fruits. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
34
|
Boone CK, Keefover-Ring K, Mapes AC, Adams AS, Bohlmann J, Raffa KF. Bacteria associated with a tree-killing insect reduce concentrations of plant defense compounds. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:1003-6. [PMID: 23807433 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bark beetles encounter a diverse array of constitutive and rapidly induced terpenes when attempting to colonize living conifers. Concentrations of these compounds at entry sites can rapidly reach levels toxic to beetles, their brood, and fungal symbionts. Large numbers of beetles can overwhelm tree defenses via pheromone-mediated mass attacks, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We show that bacteria associated with mountain pine beetles can metabolize monoterpenes and diterpene acids. The abilities of different symbionts to reduce concentrations of different terpenes appear complementary. Serratia reduced concentrations of all monoterpenes applied to media by 55-75 %, except for α-pinene. Beetle-associated Rahnella reduced (-)- and (+)-α-pinene by 40 % and 45 %, respectively. Serratia and Brevundimonas reduced diterpene abietic acid levels by 100 % at low concentrations. However, high concentrations exhausted this ability, suggesting that opposing rates of bacterial metabolism and plant induction of terpenes are critical. The two major fungal symbionts of mountain pine beetle, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium were highly susceptible to abietic acid. Grosmannia clavigera did not reduce total monoterpene concentrations in lodgepole pine turpentine. We propose the ability of bark beetles to exert landscape-scale impacts may arise partly from micro-scale processes driven by bacterial symbionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia K Boone
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Molina G, Pimentel MR, Pastore GM. Pseudomonas: a promising biocatalyst for the bioconversion of terpenes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1851-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Kim YW, Kim MJ, Chung BY, Bang DY, Lim SK, Choi SM, Lim DS, Cho MC, Yoon K, Kim HS, Kim KB, Kim YS, Kwack SJ, Lee BM. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of d-Limonene. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2013; 16:17-38. [PMID: 23573938 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.769418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
d-Limonene, a major constituent of citrus oils, is a monoterpene widely used as a flavor/fragrance additive in cosmetics, foods, and industrial solvents as it possesses a pleasant lemon-like odor. d-Limonene has been designated as a chemical with low toxicity based upon lethal dose (LD50) and repeated-dose toxicity studies when administered orally to animals. However, skin irritation or sensitizing potential was reported following widespread use of this agent in various consumer products. In experimental animals and humans, oxidation products or metabolites of d-limonene were shown to act as skin irritants. Carcinogenic effects have also been observed in male rats, but the mode of action (MOA) is considered irrelevant for humans as the protein α(2u)-globulin responsible for this effect in rodents is absent in humans. Thus, the liver was identified as a critical target organ following oral administration of d-limonene. Other than the adverse dermal effects noted in humans, other notable toxic effects of d-limonene have not been reported. The reference dose (RfD), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), and the systemic exposure dose (SED) were determined and found to be 2.5 mg/kg/d, 250 mg/kg//d, and 1.48 mg/kg/d, respectively. Consequently, the margin of exposure (MOE = NOAEL/SED) of 169 was derived based upon the data, and the hazard index (HI = SED/RfD) for d-limonene is 0.592. Taking into consideration conservative estimation, d-limonene appears to exert no serious risk for human exposure. Based on adverse effects and risk assessments, d-limonene may be regarded as a safe ingredient. However, the potential occurrence of skin irritation necessitates regulation of this chemical as an ingredient in cosmetics. In conclusion, the use of d-limonene in cosmetics is safe under the current regulatory guidelines for cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Kim
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Removal of the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene from air via biofiltration: performance assessment and microbial community structure. Biodegradation 2012; 24:685-98. [PMID: 23266763 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-012-9616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale biofilter to assess the ability of a fixed-film biological process to treat an air stream containing β-caryophyllene, a sesquiterpene emitted by a variety of conifer trees as well as industrial wood processing operations. Treatment performance was evaluated under a variety of pollutant loading conditions and nutrient supply rates over an operational period lasting more than 240 days. At empty bed contact times (EBCTs) as low as 10 s and daily average pollutant loading rate as high as 24.2 g C/(m(3) h) (grams pollutant measured as carbon per cubic meter packed bed volume per hour), removal efficiencies in excess of 95 % were observed when sufficient nutrients were supplied. Results demonstrate that, as with biofilters treating other compounds, biofilters treating β-caryophyllene can experience local nutrient limitations that result in diminished performance. The biofilter successfully recovered high removal efficiency within a few days after resumption of pollutant loading following a 14-day interval of no contaminant loading. Construction of a 16S rRNA gene library via pyrosequencing revealed the presence of a high proportion of bacteria clustering within the genera Gordonia (39.7 % of the library) and Rhodanobacter (37.6 %). Other phylotypes detected at lower relative abundances included Pandoraea (6.2 %), unclassified Acetobacteraceae (5.5 %), Dyella (3.3 %), unclassified Xanthomonadaceae (2.6 %), Mycobacterium (1.8 %), and Nocardia (0.6 %). Collectively, results demonstrate that β-caryophyllene can be effectively removed from contaminated gas streams using biofilters.
Collapse
|
38
|
Morales-Jiménez J, Zúñiga G, Ramírez-Saad HC, Hernández-Rodríguez C. Gut-associated bacteria throughout the life cycle of the bark beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus Thomas and Bright (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and their cellulolytic activities. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 64:268-78. [PMID: 22234511 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendroctonus rhizophagus Thomas and Bright (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an endemic economically important insect of the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico. This bark beetle has an atypical behavior within the genus because just one beetle couple colonizes and kills seedlings and young trees of 11 pine species. In this work, the bacteria associated with the Dendroctonus rhizophagus gut were analyzed by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequences amplified directly from isolates of gut bacteria suggests that the bacterial community associated with Dendroctonus rhizophagus, like that of other Dendroctonus spp. and Ips pini, is limited in number. Nine bacterial genera of γ-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria classes were detected in the gut of Dendroctonus rhizophagus. Stenotrophomonas and Rahnella genera were the most frequently found bacteria from Dendroctonus rhizophagus gut throughout their life cycle. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Ponticoccus gilvus, and Kocuria marina showed cellulolytic activity in vitro. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rahnella aquatilis, Raoultella terrigena, Ponticoccus gilvus, and Kocuria marina associated with larvae or adults of Dendroctonus rhizophagus could be implicated in nitrogen fixation and cellulose breakdown, important roles associated to insect development and fitness, especially under the particularly difficult life conditions of this beetle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Morales-Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Distrito Federal, CP, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cheng Z, Sun P, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Chen J. Kinetic analysis and bacterium metabolization of alpha-pinene by a novel identified Pseudomonas sp. strain. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:1806-1815. [PMID: 23520851 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)61009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation has become a popular alternative remediation technology for its economic and ecological advantages. An aerobic bacterium (strain ZW) capable of degrading alpha-pinene was isolated from a biofilter by a selective enrichment. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis and physiochemical properties, this strain was identified as Pseudomonas veronii. Under the optimized condition achieved by the response surface methodology (RSM), as well as pH 6.82, temperature 26.3 degrees C and NaCl concentration 1.36%, almost 100% a-pinene could be removed within 45 hr. Enzymatic biodegradation by the crude intracellular enzyme could be described well by the Michaelis-Menten model in which the maximum degradation rate Vmax and the half-saturation constant K(m) were calculated to be 0.431 mmol/(L x min) and 0.169 mmol/L, respectively. Activity assay of catechol suggested that the strain ZW possessed a catechol-1,2-dioxygenase and could decompose benzene-ring through ortho ring cleavage. Based on the identified intermediates by GC/MS, a new metabolic pathway was proposed, in which the final metabolites were some simpler organic and inorganic compounds. The present work demonstrated that the strain ZW would have a great application prospect for the remediation of alpha-pinene-contaminated environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Bioconversion and Biopurification, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
HS-SPME-GC×GC-qMS volatile metabolite profiling of Chrysolina herbacea frass and Mentha spp. leaves. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1941-52. [PMID: 22143743 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography combined with quadrupole-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS) with dedicated comparative data elaboration was applied to separate chemical patterns arising from the interaction between some Mentha species and the herbivore Chrysolina herbacea, also known as the mint bug. Upon feeding on different Mentha species (Mentha spicata L., Mentha × piperita L. and Mentha longifolia L.), C. herbacea produced frass (faeces) which were characterized by a typical volatile fraction. HS-SPME GC×GC-qMS analysis of the complex volatile fraction of both mint leaf and C. herbacea frass was submitted to advanced fingerprinting analysis of 2D chromatographic data. 1,8-Cineole, found in the leaves of all the Mentha species examined, was oxidized, and C. herbacea frass yielded high rates of several hydroxy-1,8-cineoles, including 2α-hydroxy-, 3α-hydroxy-, 3β-hydroxy- and 9-hydroxy-1,8-cineole. Upon insect feeding, several unknown oxidized monoterpenes, a p-menthane diol and three unknown phenylpropanoids were also detected in the frass volatiles. In M. longifolia, the occurrence of the monoterpene piperitenone oxide was found to be toxic and associated with insect death. The results of this work show that high throughput techniques such as HS-SPME and GC×GC-qMS fingerprint analysis are ideal tools to analyze complex volatile matrices, and provide a sensitive method for the direct comparison and chemical visualization of plant and insect emitted volatile components.
Collapse
|
41
|
Dvorakova M, Valterova I, Vanek T. Biocatalytic conversion of turpentine – a wood processing waste – into oxygenated monoterpenes. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2011.609590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
42
|
Turner DA, Goodpaster JV. The Effect of Microbial Degradation on the Chromatographic Profiles of Tiki Torch Fuel, Lamp Oil, and Turpentine*,†. J Forensic Sci 2011; 56:984-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
The usage of essential oils as such or of volatile fractions thereof is widespread in the flavor and fragrance industry to aromatize perfumery and cosmetic products, foodstuffs, and many household and pharmaceutical products. The increased market share of convenience food together with consumers’ request for constant high quality and natural products have established a lasting increase in the demand for natural flavorings that cannot be satisfied by the traditional plant materials. This review summarizes selected work on terpene bioconversion / transformation and focuses on recently published papers dealing with novel strains and products, high product yields, intriguing genetic engineering approaches, and integrated bioprocesses. The future perspectives of an industrial realization of a biotechnological production of terpene-derived natural flavors are critically evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Krings
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie im Zentrum Angewandte Chemie, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraβe 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Guenter Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie im Zentrum Angewandte Chemie, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraβe 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chemical compounds and essential oil release through decomposition process from Lavandula stoechas in Mediterranean region. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
45
|
Bicas JL, de Quadros CP, Néri-Numa IA, Pastore GM. Integrated process for co-production of alkaline lipase and R-(+)-α-terpineol by Fusarium oxysporum. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
46
|
Grudniewska A, Gniłka R, Wawrzeńczyk C. Enantioselectivity of hydroxylation of racemic piperitone by fungi. Chirality 2010; 22:929-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
47
|
Bicas JL, Fontanille P, Pastore GM, Larroche C. A bioprocess for the production of high concentrations of R-(+)-α-terpineol from R-(+)-limonene. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
48
|
Bicas JL, Dionísio AP, Pastore GM. Bio-oxidation of terpenes: an approach for the flavor industry. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4518-31. [PMID: 19645444 DOI: 10.1021/cr800190y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Lemos Bicas
- Laboratório de Bioaromas, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, FEA-UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80 Campinas-SP, Brasil, CEP: 13083-862, Caixa Postal 6121.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rivas-Cañedo A, Nuñez M, Fernández-García E. Volatile compounds in Spanish dry-fermented sausage 'salchichón' subjected to high pressure processing. Effect of the packaging material. Meat Sci 2009; 83:620-6. [PMID: 20416648 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high pressure treatment (400MPa, 10min at 12°C) on the volatile profile of Spanish dry-fermented sausage 'salchichón', packaged with or without aluminium foil in a multilayer polymeric bag, was investigated. The analysis of the volatile fraction was carried out by dynamic headspace extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pressure-treated samples showed significantly higher levels of alcohols, aldehydes and alkanes and lower levels of two methylketones as compared with control samples. An intense migration was observed of compounds from the plastic material into the product, mainly linear and branched-chain alkanes, alkenes and benzene compounds. Most of these migrating compounds were significantly more abundant in pressurized samples than in untreated samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivas-Cañedo
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña km 7, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Berger RG. Biotechnology of flavours--the next generation. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:1651-9. [PMID: 19609491 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic chemicals (flavours, aromas) are the sensory principles of many consumer products and govern their acceptance and market success. Flavours from microorganisms compete with the traditional agricultural sources. Screening for overproducers, elucidation of metabolic pathways and precursors and application of conventional bioengineering has resulted in a set of more than 100 commercial aroma chemicals derived via biotechnology. Various routes may lead to volatile metabolites: De novo synthesis from elementary biochemical units, degradation of larger substrates such as lipids, and functionalization of immediate flavour precursor molecules. More recently, the field was stimulated by the increasing preference of alienated consumers for products bearing the label "natural", and by the vivid discussion on healthy and "functional" food ingredients. The unmistakable call for sustainable sources and environmentally friendly production is forcing the industry to move towards a greener chemistry. Progress is expected from the toolbox of genetic engineering which is expected to help in identifying metabolic bottlenecks and in creating novel high-yielding strains. Bioengineering, in a complementary way, provides promising technical options, such as improved substrate dosage, gas-phase or two-phase reactions and in situ product recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf G Berger
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|