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Xu M, Selvaraj GK, Lu H. Environmental sporobiota: Occurrence, dissemination, and risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161809. [PMID: 36702282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spore-forming bacteria known as sporobiota are widespread in diverse environments from terrestrial and aquatic habitats to industrial and healthcare systems. Studies on sporobiota have been mainly focused on food processing and clinical fields, while a large amount of sporobiota exist in natural environments. Due to their persistence and capabilities of transmitting virulence factors and antibiotic resistant genes, environmental sporobiota could pose significant health risks to humans. These risks could increase as global warming and environmental pollution has altered the life cycle of sporobiota. This review summarizes the current knowledge of environmental sporobiota, including their occurrence, characteristics, and functions. An interaction network among clinical-, food-related, and environment-related sporobiota is constructed. Recent and effective methods for detecting and disinfecting environmental sporobiota are also discussed. Key problems and future research needs for better understanding and reducing the risks of environmental sporobiota and sporobiome are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ganesh-Kumar Selvaraj
- Department of Microbiology, St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600054, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Huijie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Lin WT, How SC, Lin WZ, Chen FH, Liao WC, Ma IC, Wang SSS, Hou SY. Using flow cytometry to develop a competitive assay for the detection of biotin. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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3
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Kim JU, Shahbaz HM, Cho J, Lee H, Park J. Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores using a combined treatment of UV-TiO2 photocatalysis and high hydrostatic pressure. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Pretorius C, Buys EM. Extended shelf life milk processing: Effect of simulated cleaning in place on the germination and attachment of
Bacillus cereus
spores. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chané Pretorius
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences University of Pretoria Private Bag X20Hatfield Pretoria Gauteng0028South Africa
| | - Elna Maria Buys
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences University of Pretoria Private Bag X20Hatfield Pretoria Gauteng0028South Africa
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5
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Ganguly J, Tempelaars M, Abee T, van Kranenburg R. Characterization of sporulation dynamics of Pseudoclostridium thermosuccinogenes using flow cytometry. Anaerobe 2020; 63:102208. [PMID: 32387172 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis of microbial population heterogeneity is a fast growing research area in microbiology due to its potential to identify and quantify the impact of subpopulations on microbial performance in, for example, industrial biotechnology, environmental biology, and pathogenesis. Although several tools have been developed, determination of population heterogenity in anaerobic bacteria, especially spore-forming clostridia species has been amply studied. In this study we applied single cell analysis techniques such as flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS) on the spore-forming succinate producer Pseudoclostridium thermosuccinogenes. By combining FCM and FACS with fluorescent staining, we differentiated and enriched all sporulation-related morphologies of P. thermosuccinogenes. To evaluate the presence of metabolically active vegetative cells, a blend of the dyes propidium iodide (PI) and carboxy fluorescein diacetate (cFDA) tested best. Side scatter (SSC-H) in combination with metabolic indicator cFDA dye provided the best separation of sporulation populations. Based on this protocol, we successfully determined culture heterogeneity of P. thermosuccinogenes by discriminating between mature spores, forespores, dark and bright phase endospores, and vegetative cells populations. Henceforth, this methodology can be applied to further study sporulation dynamics and its impact on fermentation performance and product formation by P. thermosuccinogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Tempelaars
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard van Kranenburg
- Corbion, Arkelsedijk 46, 4206 AC, Gorinchem, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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6
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Ding W, Jin W, Cao S, Zhou X, Wang C, Jiang Q, Huang H, Tu R, Han SF, Wang Q. Ozone disinfection of chlorine-resistant bacteria in drinking water. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:339-349. [PMID: 31158616 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of chlorine disinfectant for drinking water treatment has led to the appearance of chlorine-resistant bacteria, which pose a severe threat to public health. This study was performed to explore the physiological-biochemical characteristics and environmental influence (pH, temperature, and turbidity) of seven strains of chlorine-resistant bacteria isolated from drinking water. Ozone disinfection was used to investigate the inactivation effect of bacteria and spores. The DNA concentration and cell surface structure variations of typical chlorine-resistant spores (Bacillus cereus spores) were also analysed by real-time qPCR, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy to determine their inactivation mechanisms. The ozone resistance of bacteria (Aeromonas jandaei < Vogesella perlucida < Pelomonas < Bacillus cereus < Aeromonas sobria) was lower than that of spores (Bacillus alvei < Lysinibacillus fusiformis < Bacillus cereus) at an ozone concentration of 1.5 mg/L. More than 99.9% of Bacillus cereus spores were inactivated by increasing ozone concentration and treatment duration. Moreover, the DNA content of Bacillus cereus spores decreased sharply, but approximately 1/4 of the target genes remained. The spore structure exhibited shrinkage and folding after ozone treatment. Both cell structures and gene fragments were damaged by ozone disinfection. These results showed that ozone disinfection is a promising method for inactivating chlorine-resistant bacteria and spores in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Ding
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song Cao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | | | - Qijun Jiang
- Shenshui Baoan Water Group Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Shenshui Baoan Water Group Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Renjie Tu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song-Fang Han
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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7
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Flow Cytometry: Evolution of Microbiological Methods for Probiotics Enumeration. J Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 52 Suppl 1, Proceedings from the 9th Probiotics, Prebiotics and New Foods, Nutraceuticals and Botanicals for Nutrition & Human and Microbiota Health Meeting, held in Rome, Italy from September 10 to 12, 2017:S41-S45. [PMID: 29762266 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
GOALS The purpose of this trial was to verify that the analytical method ISO 19344:2015 (E)-IDF 232:2015 (E) is valid and reliable for quantifying the concentration of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) in a finished product formulation. BACKGROUND Flow cytometry assay is emerging as an alternative rapid method for microbial detection, enumeration, and population profiling. The use of flow cytometry not only permits the determination of viable cell counts but also allows for enumeration of damaged and dead cell subpopulations. Results are expressed as TFU (Total Fluorescent Units) and AFU (Active Fluorescent Units). In December 2015, the International Standard ISO 19344-IDF 232 "Milk and milk products-Starter cultures, probiotics and fermented products-Quantification of lactic acid bacteria by flow cytometry" was published. This particular ISO can be applied universally and regardless of the species of interest. STUDY Analytical method validation was conducted on 3 different industrial batches of L. rhamnosus GG according to USP39<1225>/ICH Q2R1 in term of: accuracy, precision (repeatability), intermediate precision (ruggedness), specificity, limit of quantification, linearity, range, robustness. RESULTS The data obtained on the 3 batches of finished product have significantly demonstrated the validity and robustness of the cytofluorimetric analysis. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the results obtained, the ISO 19344:2015 (E)-IDF 232:2015 (E) "Quantification of lactic acid bacteria by flow cytometry" can be used for the enumeration of L. rhamnosus GG in a finished product formulation.
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Wilkinson MG. Flow cytometry as a potential method of measuring bacterial viability in probiotic products: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Majeed M, Majeed S, Nagabhushanam K, Punnapuzha A, Philip S, Mundkur L. Rapid assessment of viable but non-culturable Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 in commercial formulations using Flow cytometry. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192836. [PMID: 29474436 PMCID: PMC5825061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate enumeration of bacterial count in probiotic formulation is imperative to ensure that the product adheres to regulatory standards and citation in consumer product label. Standard methods like plate count, can enumerate only replicating bacterial population under selected culture conditions. Viable but non culturable bacteria (VBNC) retain characteristics of living cells and can regain cultivability by a process known as resuscitation. This is a protective mechanism adapted by bacteria to evade stressful environmental conditions. B. coagulans MTCC 5856(LactoSpore®) is a probiotic endospore which can survive for decades in hostile environments without dividing. In the present study, we explored the use of flow cytometry to enumerate the viable count of B. coagulans MTCC 5856 under acidic and alkaline conditions, high temperature and in commercial formulations like compressed tablets and capsules. Flow cytometry (FCM) was comparable to plate count method when the spores were counted at physiological conditions. We show that VBNC state is induced in B. coagulans MTCC 5856by high temperature and acidic pH. The cells get resuscitated under physiological conditions and FCM was sensitive to detect the VBNC spores. Flow cytometry showed excellent ability to assess the viable spore count in commercial probiotic formulations of B. coagulans MTCC 5856. The results establish Flow cytometry as a reliable method to count viable bacteria in commercial probiotic preparations. Sporulation as well as existence as VBNC could contribute to the extreme stability of B. coagulans MTCC 5856.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT, United States of America
| | - Shaheen Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT, United States of America
| | | | - Ardra Punnapuzha
- Biological Research Department, Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheena Philip
- Biological Research Department, Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi Mundkur
- Biological Research Department, Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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10
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The use of a simple flow cytometry method for rapid detection of spores in probiotic Bacillus licheniformis-containing tablets. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:167-171. [PMID: 30263524 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of the number of vegetative cells and endospores is necessary for quality control during the production of orally administered probiotic Bacillus licheniformis-containing tablets (BCT). However, there is no standard method for the rapid detection of vegetative cells and endospores in China. In this study, a simple flow cytometry (FCM) method was used to monitor the population dynamics of BCT. Using a specific fluorescent stain, SYBR green I, flow cytometric analysis could easily differentiate two morphological states of B. licheniformis. Compared with plate count assay (PCA) for determining the number of vegetative cells and endospores, the percentage of endospores determined by FCM was ~10% higher than that by PCA. Advantages of the FCM method over conventional methods include lower labor work, shorter detection time, and higher accuracy. Therefore, this simple FCM method could be a practical tool for monitoring quality control during the production of probiotic BCT.
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11
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Massicotte R, Mafu AA, Ahmad D, Deshaies F, Pichette G, Belhumeur P. Comparison between Flow Cytometry and Traditional Culture Methods for Efficacy Assessment of Six Disinfectant Agents against Nosocomial Bacterial Species. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:112. [PMID: 28217115 PMCID: PMC5289957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to compare the use of flow cytometry (FCM) and traditional culture methods for efficacy assessment of six disinfectants used in Quebec hospitals including: two quaternary ammonium-based, two activated hydrogen peroxide-based, one phenol-based, and one sodium hypochlorite-based. Four nosocomial bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci faecalis, were exposed to minimum lethal concentrations (MLCs) and sublethal concentrations (1/2 MLCs) of disinfectants under study. The results showed a strong correlation between the two techniques for the presence of dead and live cell populations, as well as, evidence of injured populations with the FCM. The only exception was observed with sodium hypochlorite at higher concentrations where fluorescence was diminished and underestimating dead cell population. The results also showed that FCM can replace traditional microbiological methods to study disinfectant efficacy on bacteria. Furthermore, FCM profiles for E. coli and E. faecalis cells exposed to sublethal concentrations exhibited distinct populations of injured cells, opening a new aspect for future research and investigation to elucidate the role of injured, cultural/noncuturable/resuscitable cell populations in infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Massicotte
- Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Lanaudière Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Akier A Mafu
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | - Francis Deshaies
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Edouard-Montpetit Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Belhumeur
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Edouard-Montpetit Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Wang W, Liu Y, Sun Z, Du G, Li X. Hop resistance and beer-spoilage features of foodborne Bacillus cereus newly isolated from filtration-sterilized draft beer. ANN MICROBIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-016-1232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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13
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14
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Effects of Oxygen Availability on Acetic Acid Tolerance and Intracellular pH in Dekkera bruxellensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4673-4681. [PMID: 27235432 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00515-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The yeast Dekkera bruxellensis, associated with wine and beer production, has recently received attention, because its high ethanol and acid tolerance enables it to compete with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in distilleries that produce fuel ethanol. We investigated how different cultivation conditions affect the acetic acid tolerance of D. bruxellensis We analyzed the ability of two strains (CBS 98 and CBS 4482) exhibiting different degrees of tolerance to grow in the presence of acetic acid under aerobic and oxygen-limited conditions. We found that the concomitant presence of acetic acid and oxygen had a negative effect on D. bruxellensis growth. In contrast, incubation under oxygen-limited conditions resulted in reproducible growth kinetics that exhibited a shorter adaptive phase and higher growth rates than those with cultivation under aerobic conditions. This positive effect was more pronounced in CBS 98, the more-sensitive strain. Cultivation of CBS 98 cells under oxygen-limited conditions improved their ability to restore their intracellular pH upon acetic acid exposure and to reduce the oxidative damage to intracellular macromolecules caused by the presence of acetic acid. This study reveals an important role of oxidative stress in acetic acid tolerance in D. bruxellensis, indicating that reduced oxygen availability can protect against the damage caused by the presence of acetic acid. This aspect is important for optimizing industrial processes performed in the presence of acetic acid. IMPORTANCE This study reveals an important role of oxidative stress in acetic acid tolerance in D. bruxellensis, indicating that reduced oxygen availability can have a protective role against the damage caused by the presence of acetic acid. This aspect is important for the optimization of industrial processes performed in the presence of acetic acid.
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Wells-Bennik MH, Eijlander RT, den Besten HM, Berendsen EM, Warda AK, Krawczyk AO, Nierop Groot MN, Xiao Y, Zwietering MH, Kuipers OP, Abee T. Bacterial Spores in Food: Survival, Emergence, and Outgrowth. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2016; 7:457-82. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjon H.J. Wells-Bennik
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- NIZO Food Research, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands;
| | - Robyn T. Eijlander
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- NIZO Food Research, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands;
| | - Heidy M.W. den Besten
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin M. Berendsen
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- NIZO Food Research, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands;
- Molecular Genetics Department, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alicja K. Warda
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonina O. Krawczyk
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Molecular Genetics Department, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masja N. Nierop Groot
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yinghua Xiao
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H. Zwietering
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Molecular Genetics Department, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- TI Food and Nutrition, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wunderlin T, Junier T, Paul C, Jeanneret N, Junier P. Physical Isolation of Endospores from Environmental Samples by Targeted Lysis of Vegetative Cells. J Vis Exp 2016:e53411. [PMID: 26863128 DOI: 10.3791/53411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endospore formation is a survival strategy found among some bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes. During endospore formation, these bacteria enter a morpho-physiological resting state that enhances survival under adverse environmental conditions. Even though endospore-forming Firmicutes are one of the most frequently enriched and isolated bacterial groups in culturing studies, they are often absent from diversity studies based on molecular methods. The resistance of the spore core is considered one of the factors limiting the recovery of DNA from endospores. We developed a method that takes advantage of the higher resistance of endospores to separate them from other cells in a complex microbial community using physical, enzymatic and chemical lysis methods. The endospore-only preparation thus obtained can be used for re-culturing or to perform downstream analysis such as tailored DNA extraction optimized for endospores and subsequent DNA sequencing. This method, applied to sediment samples, has allowed the enrichment of endospores and after sequencing, has revealed a large diversity of endospore-formers in freshwater lake sediments. We expect that the application of this method to other samples will yield a similar outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Neuchatel;
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17
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Streptococcus thermophilus urease activity boosts Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus homolactic fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 247:55-64. [PMID: 26826763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The proto-cooperation between Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in the yogurt consortium enhances the growth rate and size of each population. In contrast, the independent growth of the two species in milk leads to a slower growth rate and a smaller population size. In this study, we report the first evidence that the urease activity of S. thermophilus increases the intracellular pH of L. delbrueckii in the absence of carbon source. However, in milk, in the presence of lactose the alkalizing effect of urea-derived ammonia was not detectable. Nevertheless, based on glucose consumption and lactic acid production at different pHin, L. delbrueckii showed an optimum of glycolysis and homolactic fermentation at alkaline pH values. In milk, we observed that ammonia provided by urea hydrolysis boosted lactic acid production in S. thermophilus and in L. delbrueckii when the species were grown alone or in combination. Therefore, we propose that urease activity acts as an altruistic cooperative trait, which is costly for urease-positive individuals but provides a local benefit because other individuals can take advantage of urease-dependent ammonia release.
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18
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Hickey C, Auty M, Wilkinson M, Sheehan J. The influence of cheese manufacture parameters on cheese microstructure, microbial localisation and their interactions during ripening: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Antolinos V, Esteban MD, Ros-Chumillas M, Huertas JP, Periago PM, Palop A, Fernández PS. Assessment of the of acid shock effect on viability of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus weihenstephanensis using flow cytometry. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Turroni F, Serafini F, Mangifesta M, Arioli S, Mora D, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Expression of sortase-dependent pili ofBifidobacterium bifidumPRL2010 in response to environmental gut conditions. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 357:23-33. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Turroni
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology; Bioscience Institute; National University of Ireland; Cork Ireland
| | - Fausta Serafini
- Department of Life Sciences; Laboratory of Probiogenomics; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | | | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Diego Mora
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology; Bioscience Institute; National University of Ireland; Cork Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Department of Life Sciences; Laboratory of Probiogenomics; University of Parma; Parma Italy
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van Belkum A, Durand G, Peyret M, Chatellier S, Zambardi G, Schrenzel J, Shortridge D, Engelhardt A, Dunne WM. Rapid clinical bacteriology and its future impact. Ann Lab Med 2012; 33:14-27. [PMID: 23301218 PMCID: PMC3535192 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2013.33.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical microbiology has always been a slowly evolving and conservative science. The sub-field of bacteriology has been and still is dominated for over a century by culture-based technologies. The integration of serological and molecular methodologies during the seventies and eighties of the previous century took place relatively slowly and in a cumbersome fashion. When nucleic acid amplification technologies became available in the early nineties, the predicted "revolution" was again slow but in the end a real paradigm shift did take place. Several of the culture-based technologies were successfully replaced by tests aimed at nucleic acid detection. More recently a second revolution occurred. Mass spectrometry was introduced and broadly accepted as a new diagnostic gold standard for microbial species identification. Apparently, the diagnostic landscape is changing, albeit slowly, and the combination of newly identified infectious etiologies and the availability of innovative technologies has now opened new avenues for modernizing clinical microbiology. However, the improvement of microbial antibiotic susceptibility testing is still lagging behind. In this review we aim to sketch the most recent developments in laboratory-based clinical bacteriology and to provide an overview of emerging novel diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex van Belkum
- BioMérieux SA, Unit Microbiology, R&D Microbiology, La Balme Les Grottes, France
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Rapid flow cytometric method for viability determination of solventogenic clostridia. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:307-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Examination of Bacillus anthracis spores by multiparameter flow cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2011. [PMID: 21567316 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-102-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly differentiate Bacillus anthracis spores from spores belonging to other Bacillus spp. is potentially useful for combating the intentional release of this biothreat agent. Furthermore, not all B. anthracis strains are fully virulent and the ability to determine the potential virulence of the endospore is also important. In this chapter, we describe a two-color flow cytometric assay capable of simultaneously identifying B. anthracis spores and the presence of spore-associated protective antigen, a virulence marker for strains harboring the pXO1 plasmid.
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