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Fernandes DC, Eto SF, Baldassi AC, Balbuena TS, Charlie-Silva I, de Andrade Belo MA, Pizauro JM. Meningitis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus: Proteomics and druggability of virulence factors. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109687. [PMID: 38866348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Meningitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria is a serious public health problem, causing morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Here, we propose a novel experimental model using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to study neuroinflammation. The fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, and the course of infection was monitored in the peripheral blood. Septicemia was obvious in the blood, while in the brain tissue, infection of the meninges was present. The histopathological examination showed suppurative meningitis, and the cellular immune response in the brain tissue during infection was mediated by microglia. These cells were morphologically characterized and phenotyped by MHC class II markers and CD68. The increased production of TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS supported the infiltration of these cells during the neuroinflammatory process. In the proteomic analysis of A. hydrophila isolated from brain tissue, we found chemotactic and transport proteins, proteolytic enzymes and enzymes associated with the dismutation of nitric oxide (NO), as well as motor proteins and those responsible for cell division. After characterizing the most abundant proteins during the course of infection, we investigated the druggability index of these proteins and identified promising peptide sequences as molecular targets that are similar among bacteria. Thus, these findings deepened the understanding of the pathophysiology of meningitis caused by A. hydrophila. Moreover, through the proteomics analysis, important mechanisms and pathways used by the pathogen to subvert the host response were revealed, providing insights for the development of novel antibiotics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne Carla Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Laboratory Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD) Special Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Baldassi
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santana Balbuena
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Martins Pizauro
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Truong NHM, Nguyen Q, Voong PV, Chau V, Nguyen NHT, Nguyen THM, Vo PH, Nguyen LT, Ha TTP, Nguyen LPH, Le PH, Thanh DP, Nguyen HD. Genomic characterization of Aeromonas spp. isolates from striped catfish with motile Aeromonas septicemia and human bloodstream infections in Vietnam. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001248. [PMID: 38739115 PMCID: PMC11165649 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are commonly found in the aquatic environment and have been responsible for motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in striped catfish, resulting in significant economic loss. These organisms also cause a range of opportunistic infections in humans with compromised immune systems. Here, we conducted a genomic investigation of 87 Aeromonas isolates derived from diseased catfish, healthy catfish and environmental water in catfish farms affected by MAS outbreaks in eight provinces in Mekong Delta (years: 2012-2022), together with 25 isolates from humans with bloodstream infections (years: 2010-2020). Genomics-based typing method precisely delineated Aeromonas species while traditional methods such as aerA PCR and MALDI-TOF were unable identify A. dhakensis. A. dhakensis was found to be more prevalent than A. hydrophila in both diseased catfish and human infections. A. dhakensis sequence type (ST) 656 followed by A. hydrophila ST251 were the predominant virulent species-lineages in diseased catfish (43.7 and 20.7 %, respectively), while diverse STs were found in humans with bloodstream infections. There was evidence of widespread transmission of ST656 and ST251 on striped catfish in the Mekong Delta region. ST656 and ST251 isolates carried a significantly higher number of acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and virulence factors in comparison to other STs. They, however, exhibited several distinctions in key virulence factors (i.e. lack of type IV pili and enterotoxin ast in A. dhakensis), AMR genes (i.e. presence of imiH carbapenemase in A. dhakensis), and accessory gene content. To uncover potential conserved proteins of Aeromonas spp. for vaccine development, pangenome analysis has unveiled 2202 core genes between ST656 and ST251, of which 78 proteins were in either outer membrane or extracellular proteins. Our study represents one of the first genomic investigations of the species distribution, genetic landscape, and epidemiology of Aeromonas in diseased catfish and human infections in Vietnam. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant and virulent A. dhakensis strains underscores the needs of enhanced genomic surveillance and strengthening vaccine research and development in preventing Aeromonas diseases in catfish and humans, and the search for potential vaccine candidates could focus on Aeromonas core genes encoded for membrane and secreted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Ha Minh Truong
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phat Vinh Voong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Chau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhi Huynh Thanh Nguyen
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Hoa Minh Nguyen
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Hong Vo
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No.2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Phuoc Hong Le
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No.2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duy Pham Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Duc Nguyen
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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3
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Legario FS, Choresca CH, Grace K, Turnbull JF, Crumlish M. Identification and characterization of motile Aeromonas spp. isolated from farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Philippines. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad279. [PMID: 38012120 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS) caused by motile Aeromonas species is an important disease in farmed freshwater fish due to intensification of culture and improper farm practices. This study characterized and profiled motile Aeromonas species recovered from clinically sick tilapia farmed in the Philippines, with a view to identifying targeted disease prevention and control measures against MAS in farmed tilapia species. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen isolates from diseased farmed Nile tilapia were identified as Aeromonas veronii (n = 14), Aeromonas caviae (n = 1), and Aeromonas dhakensis (n = 1). Five biochemical profiles using API 20E were exhibited by the A. veronii strains giving an unreliable identification. A high level of agreement was observed in identifying the Aeromonas strains using 16S rRNA and rpoD gene sequencing, although the latter has a higher discriminatory value. Three or more virulence genes dominated by cytotoxic enterotoxin act and aerolysin aer were detected. Different genotypes based on virulence gene clustering suggested varied mechanisms used by Aeromonas to colonize and infect or to mutualistically co-exist with the fish. Acquired multiple antibiotic resistance was found in a single A. veronii isolate. All were susceptible to enrofloxacin, oxolinic acid, florfenicol, and chloramphenicol. Tetracycline and sulfonamide resistances and class 1 integron were detected in three A. veronii isolates. CONCLUSION Several strains of motile aeromonads, especially A. veronii, which have varied genotypes based on virulence, biochemical profile, and antibiotic resistance, are involved in MAS in natural disease outbreaks in farmed Nile tilapia in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis S Legario
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
- Natural Sciences Department, Iloilo Science and Technology University, Iloilo City, 5000, The Philippines
| | - Casiano H Choresca
- National Fisheries Research and Development Institute-Fisheries Biotechnology Centre, Science City of Muñoz, 3120, The Philippines
| | - Kathryn Grace
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - James F Turnbull
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Crumlish
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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Gao Z, Yang C, Zhang X, Hu B, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Kuang W, Zheng Q, Cao J. Establishment of a Rapid LAMP Assay for Aeromonas hydrophila and Comparison with the Application of qPCR. Metabolites 2023; 13:841. [PMID: 37512548 PMCID: PMC10383757 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an exceptionally sensitive diagnostic technique for early identification of aquaculture diseases, specifically Aeromonas hydrophila, is essential for efficient management of disease outbreaks at aquaculture locations. In this research, a swift and sensitive diagnostic assay employing Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of Aeromonas hydrophila was devised and compared to the conventional qPCR method documented by Rong Wang. Validation of the diagnostic assay was carried out using actual samples obtained from aquaculture fish. The findings revealed that based on the rapid detection of crude bacterial genomic DNA, the fluorescent LAMP assay possessed a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.559 ng/μL (0.315-1.693, 95% CI), while the LOD for qPCR stood at 4.301 ng/μL (2.084-8.876, 95% CI). Both techniques demonstrated outstanding specificity, exhibiting no cross-reactivity with bacteria from the same or closely related genera. A total of 74 fish samples suspected to be infected with the fish disease were gathered, with 26 and 23 samples testing positive for Aeromonas hydrophila via LAMP and qPCR, respectively. The concordance analysis for LAMP and qPCR methods generated a Kappa value of 0.909 (0.778-1.000, 95% CI), signifying a high degree of diagnostic consensus. This study highlights that the LAMP assay eliminates the thermal cycle temperature change process of qPCR, uses lysate to crudely extract bacterial genomic DNA, and can complete the detection within 40 min, rendering it a practical and efficient alternative for monitoring disease outbreaks at aquaculture sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Huang Zhang
- Guangzhou Double Helix Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Wendong Kuang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Qiuyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
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Bakiyev S, Smekenov I, Zharkova I, Kobegenova S, Sergaliyev N, Absatirov G, Bissenbaev A. Characterization of atypical pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from a diseased Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii). Heliyon 2023; 9:e17775. [PMID: 37483743 PMCID: PMC10359828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acipenser baerii (Siberian sturgeon) is native to Kazakhstan and is currently endangered and is listed within the first class of protected animals. Sturgeon aquaculture is becoming an important tool for the recovery of this endangered species. Nonetheless, diseases involving typical symptoms of skin ulceration and systemic bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia have occurred in cultured A. baerii on a fish farm located in Western Kazakhstan. In this study, an infectious strain of bacteria isolated from an ulcer of diseased A. baerii was identified as Aeromonas salmonicida (strain AB001). This identification involved analyses of 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD, and flaA genes' sequences. Even though strain AB001 belongs to A. salmonicida, it exhibited noticeable mobility and growth at temperatures of ≥37 °C. Profiling of virulence genes uncovered the presence of seven such genes related to pathogenicity. Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that the strain is sensitive to aminoglycosides, amphenicols, nitrofurans, quinolones, and tetracyclines. Half-lethal doses (LD50) of strain AB001 for Oreochromis mossambicus and A. baerii were determined: respectively 1.7 × 108 and 7.2 × 107 colony-forming units per mL. The experimentally induced infection revealed that strain AB001 causes considerable histological lesions in O. mossambicus, including tissue degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhages of varied severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serik Bakiyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Izat Smekenov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Zharkova
- Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Saidina Kobegenova
- Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Sergaliyev
- Makhambet Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaisa Absatirov
- West Kazakhstan Innovation and Technological University, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan
| | - Amangeldy Bissenbaev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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6
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Abdella B, Abozahra NA, Shokrak NM, Mohamed RA, El-Helow ER. Whole spectrum of Aeromonas hydrophila virulence determinants and the identification of novel SNPs using comparative pathogenomics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7712. [PMID: 37173388 PMCID: PMC10182093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a ubiquitous fish pathogen and an opportunistic human pathogen. It is mostly found in aquatic habitats, but it has also been isolated from food and bottled mineral waters. It causes hemorrhagic septicemia, ulcerative disease, and motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in fish and other aquatic animals. Moreover, it might cause gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia in humans. Different variables influence A. hydrophila virulence, including the virulence genes expressed, host susceptibility, and environmental stresses. The identification of virulence factors for a bacterial pathogen will help in the development of preventive and control measures. 95 Aeromonas spp. genomes were examined in the current study, and 53 strains were determined to be valid A. hydrophila. These genomes were examined for pan- and core-genomes using a comparative genomics technique. A. hydrophila has an open pan-genome with 18,306 total genes and 1620 genes in its core-genome. In the pan-genome, 312 virulence genes have been detected. The effector delivery system category had the largest number of virulence genes (87), followed by immunological modulation and motility genes (69 and 46, respectively). This provides new insight into the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila. In the pan-genome, a few distinctive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in four genes, namely: D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate 7-phosphatase, chemoreceptor glutamine deamidase, Spermidine N (1)-acetyltransferase, and maleylpyruvate isomerase, which are present in all A. hydrophila genomes, which make them molecular marker candidates for precise identification of A. hydrophila. Therefore, for precise diagnostic and discrimination results, we suggest these genes be considered when designing primers and probes for sequencing, multiplex-PCR, or real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abdella
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Nourhan A Abozahra
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M Shokrak
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Radi A Mohamed
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ehab R El-Helow
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
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7
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Behera BK, Parida SN, Kumar V, Swain HS, Parida PK, Bisai K, Dhar S, Das BK. Aeromonas veronii Is a Lethal Pathogen Isolated from Gut of Infected Labeo rohita: Molecular Insight to Understand the Bacterial Virulence and Its Induced Host Immunity. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040598. [PMID: 37111485 PMCID: PMC10143776 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of severe mortality in farmed Labeo rohita was investigated to characterize the causative agent. We identified the bacterial strain as Aeromonas veronii isolated from the gut of infected L. rohita by biochemical assay, scanning electron microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The in vivo challenge experiment showed that the LD50 of A. veronii was 2.2 × 104 CFU/fish. Virulence gene investigation revealed that the isolated A. veronii possesses Aerolysin, Cytotoxic enterotoxin, Serine protease, Dnase and Type III secretion system genes. The isolated strain was resistant to two antibiotics (ampicillin and dicloxacillin) while susceptible to 22 other antibiotics. The study further revealed that A. veronii induced both stresses along with non-specific and specific immune responses marked by elevated cortisol HSP70, HSP90 and IgM levels in the treated L. rohita fingerlings. Although the bacterial pathogen enhances the immune response, the negative effect on fish, including stress, and high mortality, create concern and a need for A. veronii management in L. rohita farms. The knowledge gained from this study would facilitate future research aimed at assessing the pathogenicity of A. veronii, with an emphasis on microbial disease management in other farmed fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kumar Behera
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Satya Narayan Parida
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Swain
- Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Orissa, India
| | - Pranaya Kumar Parida
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Kampan Bisai
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Dhar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
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8
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Chen K, Qin T, Pan L, Bing X, Xi B, Xie J. Effects of glycyrrhetinic acid β on growth and virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1043838. [PMID: 36846766 PMCID: PMC9950564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1043838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant pathogen to freshwater farmed animals, and antibiotics are usually used to control the bacterial septicemia caused by A. hydrophila. Due to the severe situation of development and spread of antibiotic resistance, there are stricter restrictions on antibiotics used in aquaculture. To evaluate the feasibility of glycyrrhetinic acid β (GA) as an alternative therapy against bacterial infection, in this study, an A. hydrophila isolated from diseased fish is used to test the antibacterial, anti-virulence activity and therapeutic effect of GA in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Results showed that GA did not affect the growth of A. hydrophila in vitro, while it could down-regulate (p < 0.05) the mRNA expression of the hemolysis-related genes hly and aerA, and significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) hemolytic activity of A. hydrophila. In addition, in vivo test showed that oral administration of GA was ineffective in controlling acute infections caused by A. hydrophila. In conclusion, these findings suggested that GA was a potential anti-virulence candidate against A. hydrophila, but the application of GA for the prevention and treatment of A. hydrophila-related diseases was still a long way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuwen Bing
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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9
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Qian Q, Chen Z, Xu J, Zhu Y, Xu W, Gao X, Jiang Q, Zhang X. Pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides causing mass mortalities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and its induced host immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108487. [PMID: 36503060 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of mass mortality of M. salmoides occurred in an aquaculture farm in Jiangsu province of China, showing signs of skin ulceration and haemorrhages. The bacteria were isolated from diseased largemouth bass, and identified as Plesiomonas shigelloides based on morphological, physiological and biochemical features, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The pathogenicity of P. shigelloides was determined by challenge experiments, and the median lethal dosage (LD50) of the isolate NJS1 for M. salmoides was calculated as 1.6 × 105 CFU/mL at 7 d post-infection. Histopathological analysis revealed that extensive necrosis, vacuolization and inflammation were presented in the kidney, liver and gill of the diseased fish. Detection of virulence-related genes showed that P. shigelloides NJS1 was positive for astA, astB, astD, astE, actP and 6 ahpA. Additionally, the host defensive response of M. salmoides infected by P. shigelloides was analyzed by quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the results showed that the expression levels of Cas3, Hep1, HIF, IgM, IL15 and TGF were significantly up-regulated in head kidney, liver and spleen in different hours post-infection, which revealed varying expression profiles and clear transcriptional activation of immune related genes. The results suggested that P. shigelloides was an etiological element in the mass mortalities of M. salmoides and this study provided deeper insights for the pathogenesis and host defensive system in P. shigelloides invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qieqi Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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10
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Azizan A, Alfaro AC, Jaramillo D, Venter L, Young T, Frost E, Lee K, Van Nguyen T, Kitundu E, Archer SDJ, Ericson JA, Foxwell J, Quinn O, Ragg NLC. Pathogenicity and virulence of bacterial strains associated with summer mortality in marine mussels (Perna canaliculus). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6855225. [PMID: 36449667 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria has emerged as a plausible key component of summer mortalities in mussels. In the current research, four bacterial isolates retrieved from moribund Greenshell࣪ mussels, Perna canaliculus, from a previous summer mortality event, were tentatively identified as Vibrio and Photobacterium species using morpho-biochemical characterization and MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed as V. celticus, P. swingsii, P. rosenbergii, and P. proteolyticum using whole genome sequencing. These isolates were utilized in a laboratory challenge where mussels were injected with cell concentrations ranging from 105 to 109 CFU/mussel. Of the investigated isolates, P. swingsii induced the highest mortality. Additionally, results from quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, focusing on known virulence genes were detected in all isolates grown under laboratory conditions. Photobacterium rosenbergii and P. swingsii showed the highest expression levels of these virulence determinants. These results indicate that Photobacterium spp. could be a significant pathogen of P. canaliculus, with possible importance during summer mortality events. By implementing screening methods to detect and monitor Photobacterium concentrations in farmed mussel populations, a better understanding of the host-pathogen relationship can be obtained, aiding the development of a resilient industry in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanis Azizan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Diana Jaramillo
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Biomedical & Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily Frost
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Lee
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Thao Van Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Eileen Kitundu
- Department of Food Sciences and Microbiology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen D J Archer
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jessica A Ericson
- Aquaculture Department, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Foxwell
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Oliver Quinn
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Norman L C Ragg
- Aquaculture Department, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
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11
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Cai H, Yu J, Qiao Y, Ma Y, Zheng J, Lin M, Yan Q, Huang L. Effect of the Type VI Secretion System Secreted Protein Hcp on the Virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122307. [PMID: 36557560 PMCID: PMC9784854 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida, a psychrophilic bacterial pathogen, is widely distributed in marine freshwater, causing serious economic losses to major salmon farming areas in the world. At present, it is still one of the most important pathogens threatening salmon farming. Hcp (haemolysin-coregulated protein) is an effector protein in the type-VI secretion system (T6SS), which is secreted by T6SS and functions as its structural component. The results of our previous genomic sequencing showed that hcp existed in the mesophilic A. salmonicida SRW-OG1 isolated from naturally infected Epinephelus coioides. To further explore the role of Hcp in A. salmonicida SRW-OG1, we constructed an hcp-RNAi strain and verified its effect on the virulence of A. salmonicida. The results showed that compared with the wild strain, the hcp-RNAi strain suffered from different degrees of decreased adhesion, growth, biofilm formation, extracellular product secretion, and virulence. It was suggested that hcp may be an important virulence gene of A. salmonicida SRW-OG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 26, New Century Avenue, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Lixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (L.H.)
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12
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Youssef HA, Ayoub HF, Soror EI, Matter AF. Virulence genes contributing to Aeromonas veronii pathogenicity in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus): approaching the development of live and inactivated vaccines. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL : JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE SOCIETY 2022; 31:1253-1267. [PMID: 36439703 PMCID: PMC9676859 DOI: 10.1007/s10499-022-01023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate live and inactivated vaccines to Aeromonas veronii pathogenicity in Nile tilapia. Therefore, five well-identified Aeromonas veronii isolates, including A (HY1), A (HY2), A (HY3), A (HY4), and A (HY6) isolated from diseased Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), were used for vaccine preparation. Virulence genes detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and lethal dose determination were conducted. Nile tilapia, each with a body weight of 25 ± 0.5 g were divided into six experimental groups (each of 20): T1 group (control), fish were injected with saline as a negative control, T2 group (formalin-killed vaccine) for the A (HY2) strain, T3 group ( formalized killed vaccine) for the A (HY4), T4 group (autoclaved vaccine) for the A (HY2), T5 group (autoclaved vaccine) for A (HY4), and T6 (live vaccine) for A (HY1), triplicate. At the end of the immunization period, all groups were challenged by A. veronii, A (HY2). Blood samples were drawn 21 days post-immunization and 3 days after the challenge test for antibody titer assay. The results showed that the pathogenicity of strains A (HY2) and A (HY4) was the strongest, as the lethality rates (LR) were 100% and 90%, respectively, whereas the pathogenicity was moderate for strains A (HY3) and A (HY6) (LR 60% for each). A (AY1) was the weakest strain as no dead fish was found for this strain. The presence of alt, act, aerolysin, lipase, and fla genes as the main cause of the pathogenesis. The best protective efficacy was obtained from the live vaccine, A (HY1) with a protective rate of about 94.12% (relative percentage of survival, RPS), compared to autoclaved killed vaccines and formalin-killed vaccines. Based on immunoglobulin estimation (IgM) and RPS%, our data concluded that A (HY1) live vaccine had the best vaccine prophylactic effect against the highly pathogenic strain A(HY2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A. Youssef
- Department of Aquatic Animals Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, MoshtohorBenha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Hala F. Ayoub
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR) Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Abbassa, Sharqia Egypt
| | - Eman I. Soror
- Department of Aquatic Animals Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, MoshtohorBenha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Aya F. Matter
- Department of Aquatic Animals Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, MoshtohorBenha University, Benha, Egypt
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13
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Lin Z, Lu J, Wu S, Lin X, Zheng L, Lou Y, Xiao X. A novel detection method for the pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila expressing aerA gene and/or hlyA gene based on dualplex RAA and CRISPR/Cas12a. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:973996. [PMID: 36274718 PMCID: PMC9585296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.973996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an emerging waterborne and foodborne pathogen with pathogenicity to humans and warm water fishes, which severely threatens human health, food safety and aquaculture. A novel method for the rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection of pathogenic A. hydrophila is still needed to reduce the impact on human health and aquaculture. In this work, we developed a rapid, accurate, sensitive, and visual detection method (dRAA-CRISPR/Cas12a), without elaborate instruments, integrating the dualplex recombinase-assisted amplification (dRAA) assay and CRISPR/Cas12a system to detect pathogenic A. hydrophila expressing aerA and/or hlyA virulence genes. The dRAA-CRISPR/Cas12a method has high sensitivity, which can rapidly detect (about 45 min) A. hydrophila with the limit of detection in 2 copies of genomic DNA per reaction, and has high specificity for three pathogenic A. hydrophila strains (aerA+hlyA−, aerA−hlyA+, and aerA+hlyA+). Moreover, dRAA-CRISPR/Cas12a method shows satisfactory practicability in the analysis of the spiked human blood and stool and fish samples. These results demonstrate that our developed pathogenic A. hydrophila detection method, dRAA-CRISPR/Cas12a, is a promising potential method for the early diagnosis of human A. hydrophila infection and on-site detection of A. hydrophila in food and aquaculture.
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14
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Abdul Kari Z, Wee W, Mohamad Sukri SA, Che Harun H, Hanif Reduan MF, Irwan Khoo M, Van Doan H, Wen Goh K, Seong Wei L. Role of phytobiotics in relieving the impacts of Aeromonas hydrophila infection on aquatic animals: A mini-review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1023784. [PMID: 36277060 PMCID: PMC9582345 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1023784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a ubiquitous bacterium with various hosts that causes mass mortality in farm-raised fish species and significant economic losses. The current antibiotic treatment is ineffective in controlling this bacterium infection in aquaculture species. Therefore, an evaluation of potential phytobiotics is needed to find an alternative antimicrobial agent to reduce the over-reliance on antibiotics in aquaculture and safeguard public and environmental health. Furthermore, the rise in antibiotic resistance cases among pathogenic bacteria indicates an urgent need for new fish and shellfish health management solutions. In this context, phytobiotics applications in aquaculture can be defined as any medicinal plant-based antimicrobial agent used in fish and shellfish health management. This review will focus on the impacts of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) due to A. hydrophila in aquaculture, the potential of phytobiotics in enhancing the tolerance of aquaculture species against MAS and the combination of phytobiotics with other antimicrobial and therapeutic agents against MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnita Che Harun
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Department of Paraclinical Study, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Martina Irwan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
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15
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Goudarztalejerdi A, Yavari M, Nouri Kalourazi M, Borzouei F, Manouchehri Tabar A, Tolouei Gilani J. Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factor Gene Profile of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Carp (Cyprinidae) Suspected with Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Gilan, Iran. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1354-1365. [PMID: 35976044 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the antibacterial resistance profile of Aeromonas hydrophila (n= 42) isolated from the 100 hemorrhagic septicemia-suspected carp in Gilan, Iran. The prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons, antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), and virulence factor genes (VFG) among these isolates was investigated using PCR. Also, the possible association between the presence of VFGs and the antibiotic resistance profile of isolates was assessed. The majority of A. hydrophila isolates (83.33%) exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR) profile, and all isolates were resistant to clindamycin, while all isolates were susceptible to amikacin. intI1 and intI2 gene was found in 26.2% and 4.8% isolates, respectively. This is the first report of the presence of the intI2 gene in A. hydrophila isolates in Iran. The blaTEM (40.5%) and tetA (33.3%) genes were found as the predominant ARGs. The most frequently detected VFGs were lip and ahh1(90.5%), while the examined isolates carrying at least three VFGs and the most prevalent VFGs profile was ast+, act+, alt+, ahhl+, aerA+, ahyB+, and lip+. The results of this study indicate a positive association between the presence of VFGs and antibiotic resistance, and most MDR A. hydrophila isolates showed high frequencies of VFGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Goudarztalejerdi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Morteza Yavari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Nouri Kalourazi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borzouei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Arash Manouchehri Tabar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Javad Tolouei Gilani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Elbaz NF, Abd Al Fatah ME. Bacterial diseases outbreaks in some freshwater fish farms in Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. JOURNAL OF APPLIED AQUACULTURE 2022:1-23. [DOI: 10.1080/10454438.2022.2105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa F. Elbaz
- Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt
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17
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Fikri F, Wardhana DK, Purnomo A, Khairani S, Chhetri S, Purnama MTE. Aerolysin gene characterization and antimicrobial resistance profile of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from milkfish (Chanos chanos) in Gresik, Indonesia. Vet World 2022; 15:1759-1764. [PMID: 36185507 PMCID: PMC9394137 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1759-1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Motile Aeromonas septicemia is a crucial disease in freshwater fish. Aeromonas hydrophila is a disease agent associated with sporadic fish mortality, food safety, and public health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the presence of the aerolysin gene and antimicrobial resistance profile of A. hydrophila isolated from milkfish in Gresik, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: A total of 153 milkfish gill samples were collected from 16 locations in Gresik and then cultured and identified using biochemical tests. The aerolysin gene was investigated using a polymerase chain reaction, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the recovered isolates were investigated.
Results: Of the 153 examined samples, 35 (22.9%) were confirmed positive for A. hydrophila and 22 (62.9%) presented the aerolysin gene. The recovered isolates were resistant to the following antibiotics: Amoxicillin (62.9%), tetracycline (60%), streptomycin (54.3%), cefotaxime (51.4%), gentamycin (31.4%), kanamycin (28.6%), erythromycin (25.7%), chloramphenicol (20%), and trimethoprim (14.3%). Meanwhile, only ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and imipenem were indicated as susceptible.
Conclusion: The presence of the aerolysin gene is vital in determining the virulence of A. hydrophila. The study results indicated a high aerolysin gene prevalence. In addition, this study emphasized antibiotic use monitoring, food safety improvement, and negative impact reduction on human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Fikri
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Agus Purnomo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shafia Khairani
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Shekhar Chhetri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Punakha, Bhutan
| | - Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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18
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Sharma A, Chanu TI, Nayak SK, Jahageerdar S, Krishna G. Pathogenesis of Aeromonas caviae in Clariasmagur. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105662. [PMID: 35781004 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. is a pathogenic bacteria that potentially cause infection in farmed fish, including Catfishes. In the present study, dominant bacteria were isolated from diseased Clarias magur and tentatively named BLBM-05. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical features as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence and gyrB gene sequences (Gen Bank accession number: MT973994.1 and MZ398017.1), the bacteria in the isolate was found to be Aeromonas caviae. Further, the isolate was screened for five known virulence genes, namely β-hemolysin, lafA, exu, ompA1 and ascV. Among them, three virulence genes related to pathogenicity, including aerolysin (aer), outer membrane protein (ompA1), lateral flagella (lafA), were identified in the A. caviae isolate. The median lethal dosage (LD50) of the BLBM-05 isolate for magur was determined as 1.53x106 CFU/mL. The histopathological analysis showed that the BLBM-05 isolate induced considerable histological lesions in the magur fish, including necrosis, hemolysis of erythrocytes, myolysis, hemorrhage, and desquamation in the intestinal tissue, tissue loosening, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was susceptible to Gentamicin, Ceftazidine, Ceftrioxone, Amikacin, Tetracycline, Meropener and Oxytetracycline. The present results provide a scientific basis to identify A. caviae further, a line of treatment for magur infected by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
| | - Thongam Ibemcha Chanu
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Nayak
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Powarkheda Centre, Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh, 461110, India
| | - Shrinivas Jahageerdar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Gopal Krishna
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
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Mangar P, Barman P, Kumar A, Saha A, Saha D. Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes and in vitro Gene Transfer From Aeromonas sp. Isolated From Aquatic Environments of Sub-himalayan West Bengal. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:887174. [PMID: 35754535 PMCID: PMC9230572 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.887174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas is omnipresent in aquatic environments and cause disease within a wide host range. A total of thirty-four isolates from water samples of small fish farms were identified as Aeromonas based on biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence. A total of six virulent factors were analyzed which indicated 100% of isolates as beta-haemolytic and proteolytic, whereas 44.1, 38.2, and 70.6% of isolates produced DNAse, siderophore, and amylase, respectively. Studies on the occurrence of four genetic determinants of virulence factors revealed that aer/haem (haemolytic toxin) and flaA (polar flagella) genes were present in 44.1% of strains whereas ascV (type 3 secretion system) and aspA (serine protease) genes were detected in 21.5 and 8.82% of strains, respectively. Fish (Anabas testudineus) challenge studies showed that the isolate GP3 (Aeromonas veronii) bearing five virulent factors with the combination of aer/haem+/ascV+/fla+ genes induced severe lesions leading to 100% of mortality. In contrast, RB7 possessing four virulence factors and three genes (aer/haem+/ascV+/aspA+) could not produce severe lesions and any mortality indicating the absence of correlation between the virulence factors, its genes, and the pathogenicity in fishes. GP3 was cytotoxic to human liver cell line (WRL-68) in trypan blue dye exclusion assay. The 431 bp aer/haem gene of GP3 was transferable to E. coli Dh5α with a conjugational efficiency of 0.394 × 10–4 transconjugants per recipient cell. The transfer was confirmed by PCR and by the presence of 23-kb plasmids in both donor and transconjugants. Therefore, the occurrence of mobile genetic elements bearing virulence-associated genes in Aeromonas indicates the need for periodic monitoring of the aquatic habitat to prevent disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Mangar
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Partha Barman
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Aniruddha Saha
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Dipanwita Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
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20
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El-Kassas S, Aljahdali N, Abdo SE, Alaryani FS, Moustafa EM, Mohamed R, Abosheashaa W, Abdulraouf E, Helal MA, Shafi ME, El-Saadony MT, El-Naggar K, Conte-Junior CA. Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder Dietary Inclusion Differentially Modulates the Antioxidant, Inflammatory, and Histopathological Responses of Normal and Aeromonas hydrophila-Infected Mono-Sex Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:918933. [PMID: 35812877 PMCID: PMC9260175 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.918933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to detect the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf powder dietary inclusion on the antioxidant and innate immune responses of mono-sex Nile tilapia fingerlings. A total of 180 fingerlings were allocated in a random method into three groups with triplicate each. One group (1st group) received the control diet (basal diet (BD) free of moringa) and the other groups (2nd and 3rd) fed BD containing M. oleifera leaf powder at 5 and 10% of the diet, respectively. After 6 weeks of feeding, fish were randomly redistributed into four replicates and rested for 24 h. Then, each fish in the first two replicates was injected with 0.2 mL of PBS, while the others were injected with 0.2 mL of A. hydrophila suspension (1.8 × 106 CFU/mL). Healthy fish fed on M. oleifera leaf powder showed enhanced immune response manifested by significant increases in phagocytic and lysozyme activities with a marked H/L ratio (P < 0.05). In addition, significant alterations of the lymphocytic and heterophilic population in circulation with increasing infiltration in tissue such as the spleen were noticed. Also, M. oleifera significantly upregulated the antioxidants, CAT and GPx, proinflammatory cytokines, IL1-β, IL-8, and IFN-γ relative mRNA levels. On the other hand, following A. hydrophila challenging conditions, M. oleifera caused downregulations of IL1-β, IL-8, and IFN-γ transcription levels, and also lowered the CAT and GPx mRNA levels. In addition, a marked reduction of leukocytic infiltration plus a significant improvement of the degenerative changes in intestinal architecture has occurred. So, M. oleifera leaf powder can be included in the fish diet to enhance immune response under normal health conditions and lower the infection-associated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham El-Kassas
- 1Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt,*Correspondence: Seham El-Kassas
| | - Nesreen Aljahdali
- 2Department of Biological Science, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa E. Abdo
- 3Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fatima S. Alaryani
- 4Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Moustafa
- 5Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Radi Mohamed
- 6Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Wesam Abosheashaa
- 7Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Esraa Abdulraouf
- 7Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atef Helal
- 7Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- 8Department of Biological Science, Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Manal E. Shafi
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- 9Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt,Mohamed T. El-Saadony
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- 10Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- 11Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tooba L, Shahzad A, Zahid M, Muhammad R, Anam I, Abdur R, Mohammed AA, Mater HM. Molecular characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from diseased fishes in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e254816. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Pakistan is an agricultural country and fisheries play a very important role in the economic development of the country. Different diseases are prevalent in Pakistani fish but information related to the causative agents is not well-known. Keeping in view the significance of bacterial pathogens as the causative agents of multiple fish diseases, the present study was conducted for identification, characterization and analysis of virulence genes of Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased fishes. A total of fifty fish samples having multiple clinical indications were collected from different fish farms of district Kasur, Punjab Pakistan. For isolation of Aeromonas spp. samples were enriched and inoculated on Aeromonas isolation medium. Isolates were identified and characterized by different biochemical tests, Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E kit and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. All isolates were screened for three putative virulence genes including aerolysin (aer), haemolysin (hyl) and heat labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt). Seven isolates of Aeromonas (A.) hydrophila were retrieved and identified based on API 20E. These isolates were further confirmed as A. hydrophila on the basis of PCR assays. Three isolates were detected positive for the presence of virulence genes (alt and hyl). Whereas aerolysin (aer) gene was not present in any of A. hydrophila isolates. The present study confirmed A. hydrophila as the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome and motile Aeromonas septicemia in fish farms of district Kasur, Punjab Pakistan. Moreover, detection of two virulence genes (alt and hyl) in A. hydrophila isolates is a threat for fish consumers of study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Tooba
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Shahzad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. Zahid
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - R. Muhammad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - I. Anam
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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22
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An Overview of Zebrafish Modeling Methods in Drug Discovery and Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1387:145-169. [PMID: 34961915 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies are recognized as a significant step forward in the bridging between drug discovery and clinical applications. Animal models, due to their relative genetic, molecular, physiological, and even anatomical similarities to humans, can provide a suitable platform for unraveling the mechanisms underlying human diseases and discovering new therapeutic approaches as well. Recently, zebrafish has attracted attention as a valuable experimental and pharmacological model in drug discovery and development studies due to its prominent characteristics such as the high degree of genetic similarity with humans, genetic manipulability, and prominent clinical features. Since advancing a theory to a valid and reliable observation requires the manipulation of animals, it is, therefore, essential to use efficient modeling methods appropriate to the different aspects of experimental conditions. In this context, applying several various approaches such as using chemicals, pathogens, and genetic manipulation approaches allows zebrafish development into a preferable model that mimics some human disease pathophysiology. Thus, such modeling approaches not only can provide a framework for a comprehensive understanding of the human disease mechanisms that have a counterpart in zebrafish but also can pave the way for discovering new drugs that are accompanied by higher amelioration effects on different human diseases.
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Wu J, Liu DF, Li HH, Min D, Liu JQ, Xu P, Li WW, Yu HQ, Zhu YG. Controlling pathogenic risks of water treatment biotechnologies at the source by genetic editing means. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7578-7590. [PMID: 34837302 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in the environment and wastewater treatment systems, many of which are also important pollutant degraders and are difficult to control by traditional disinfection approaches, have become an unprecedented treat to ecological security and human health. Here, we propose the adoption of genetic editing techniques as a highly targeted, efficient and simple tool to control the risks of environmental pathogens at the source. An 'all-in-one' plasmid system was constructed in Aeromonas hydrophila to accurately identify and selectively inactivate multiple key virulence factor genes and antibiotic resistance genes via base editing, enabling significantly suppressed bacterial virulence and resistance without impairing their normal phenotype and pollutant-degradation functions. Its safe application for bioaugmented treatment of synthetic textile wastewater was also demonstrated. This genetic-editing technique may offer a promising solution to control the health risks of environmental microorganisms via targeted gene inactivation, thereby facilitating safer application of water treatment biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou Institute for Advance Research of USTC, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dong-Feng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Ecological Rehabilitation Materials, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hui-Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Di Min
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou Institute for Advance Research of USTC, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abd El‐Kader MF, Shukry M, Dawood MAO, Hassan MM, Farrag F, Omar A, El‐Sawy HB, Abd Alaziz MA, Hamouda HS, Abd ‐Elghany MF, Moustafa EM. Ameliorative effect of dietary lipopolysaccharides on
Oreochromis niloticus
juveniles submitted to aflatoxin B1‐induced oxidative stress and bacterial challenge. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 52:3660-3676. [DOI: 10.1111/are.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa F. Abd El‐Kader
- Fish Diseases and Management Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit Central Lab. for Aquaculture ResearchA.R.C. KafrEl‐Sheikh Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University KafrEl‐Sheikh Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh University KafrEl‐Sheikh Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology College of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐Sheikh Egypt
| | - Amira Omar
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐Sheikh Egypt
| | - Hanan B. El‐Sawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐Sheikh Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abd Alaziz
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐Sheikh Egypt
| | - Hazem S. Hamouda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Aswan University Aswan Egypt
| | | | - Eman M. Moustafa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐Sheikh Egypt
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Attenuation of Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Carassius auratus by YtnP, a N-acyl Homoserine Lactonase from Bacillus licheniformis T-1. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060631. [PMID: 34073161 PMCID: PMC8228444 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, the quorum quenching gene ytnP of Bacillus licheniformis T-1 was cloned and expressed, and the effect against infection of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 was evaluated in vitro and vivo. The BLAST results revealed a 99% sequence identity between the ytnP gene of T-1 and its homolog in B.subtilis sub sp. BSP1, and the dendroGram showed that the similarity in the YtnP protein in T-1 was 100% in comparison with B.subtilis 3610, which was categorized as the Aidc cluster of the MBL family. The AHL lactonase activity of the purified YtnP was detected as 1.097 ± 0.7 U/mL with C6-HSL as the substrate. Otherwise, purified YtnP protein could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of A.hydrophila ATCC 7966 with an inhibition rate of 68%. The MIC of thiamphenicol and doxycycline hydrochloride against A. hydrophila reduced from 4 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL to 1 μg/mL and 0.125 μg/mL, respectively, in the presence of YtnP. In addition, YtnP significantly inhibited the expression of five virulence factors hem, ahyB, ast, ep, aerA of A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 as well (p < 0.05). The results of inhibition on virulence showed a time-dependence tendency, while the strongest anti-virulence effects were within 4–24 h. In vivo, when the YtnP protein was co-injected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila ATCC 7966, it attenuated the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila and the accumulated mortality was 27 ± 4.14% at 96 h, which was significantly lower than the average mortality of 78 ± 2.57% of the Carassius auratus injected with 108 CFU/mL of A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 only (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the AHL lactonase in B. licheniformis T-1 was proven to be YtnP protein and could be developed into an agent against infection of A. hydrophila in aquaculture.
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Prevalence, Virulence Gene Distribution and Alarming the Multidrug Resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila Associated with Disease Outbreaks in Freshwater Aquaculture. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050532. [PMID: 34064504 PMCID: PMC8147934 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the infection prevalence, virulence gene distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila associated in diseased outbreaks of cultured freshwater fish in Northern Vietnam. The confirmed A. hydrophila were screened for the presence of the five pitutative-virulence genes including aerolysin (aerA), hemolysin (hlyA), cytotonic enterotoxin (act), heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt), and heat-stable enterotoxin (ast), and examined the susceptibility to 16 antibiotics. A total of 236 A. hydrophila isolates were recovered and confirmed from 506 diseased fish by phenotypic tests, PCR assays, and gyrB, rpoB sequenced analyses, corresponding to the infection prevalence at 46.4%. A total of 88.9% of A. hydrophila isolates harbored at least one of the tested virulence genes. The genes aerA and act were most frequently found (80.5% and 80.1%, respectively) while the ast gene was absent in all isolates. The resistance to oxacillin, amoxicillin and vancomycin exhibited the highest frequencies (>70%), followed by erythromycin, oxytetracycline, florfenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (9.3–47.2%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranged between 0.13–0.88 with 74.7% of the isolates having MAR values higher than 0.2. The results present a warning for aquaculture farmers and managers in preventing the spread of A. hydrophila and minimizing antibiotic resistance of this pathogen in fish farming systems.
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Li J, Ma S, Li Z, Yu W, Zhou P, Ye X, Islam MS, Zhang YA, Zhou Y, Li J. Construction and Characterization of an Aeromonas hydrophila Multi-Gene Deletion Strain and Evaluation of Its Potential as a Live-Attenuated Vaccine in Grass Carp. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050451. [PMID: 34063680 PMCID: PMC8147641 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an important pathogen that causes motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in the aquaculture industry. Aerolysin, hemolysin, serine protease and enterotoxins are considered to be the major virulence factors of A. hydrophila. In this study, we constructed a five-gene (aerA, hly, ahp, alt and ast) deletion mutant strain (named Aeromonas hydrophila five-gene deletion strain, AHFGDS) to observe the biological characteristics and detect its potential as a live-attenuated vaccine candidate. AHFGDS displayed highly attenuated and showed increased susceptibility to fish blood and skin mucus killing, while the wild-type strain ZYAH72 was highly virulent. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), AHFGDS showed a 240-fold higher 50% lethal dose (LD50) than that of the wild-type strain. Immunization with AHFGDS by intracelomic injection or immersion routes both provided grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) significant protection against the challenge of the strain ZYAH72 or J-1 and protected the fish organs from serious injury. Further agglutinating antibody titer test supported that AHFGDS could elicit a host-adaptive immune response. These results suggested the potential of AHFGDS to serve as a live-attenuated vaccine to control A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (M.S.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Xiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Md. Sharifull Islam
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (M.S.I.); (J.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87282113; Fax: +86-27-87282114
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (M.S.I.); (J.L.)
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Ahmed RM, Ismaiel AA, Abou Zeid A, Ibrahim RA, Enan G. Biological characteristics of enteropathogenic Aeromonas species isolated from different Egyptian foods. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Virulence potential of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from apparently healthy freshwater food fish. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Complete genome sequence of fish-pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila HX-3 and a comparative analysis: insights into virulence factors and quorum sensing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15479. [PMID: 32968153 PMCID: PMC7512022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, the causative agent of motile aeromonad septicaemia, has attracted increasing attention due to its high pathogenicity. Here, we constructed the complete genome sequence of a virulent strain, A. hydrophila HX-3 isolated from Pseudosciaena crocea and performed comparative genomics to investigate its virulence factors and quorum sensing features in comparison with those of other Aeromonas isolates. HX-3 has a circular chromosome of 4,941,513 bp with a 61.0% G + C content encoding 4483 genes, including 4318 protein-coding genes, and 31 rRNA, 127 tRNA and 7 ncRNA operons. Seventy interspersed repeat and 153 tandem repeat sequences, 7 transposons, 8 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, and 39 genomic islands were predicted in the A. hydrophila HX-3 genome. Phylogeny and pan-genome were also analyzed herein to confirm the evolutionary relationships on the basis of comparisons with other fully sequenced Aeromonas genomes. In addition, the assembled HX-3 genome was successfully annotated against the Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins database (76.03%), Gene Ontology database (18.13%), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway database (59.68%). Two-component regulatory systems in the HX-3 genome and virulence factors profiles through comparative analysis were predicted, providing insights into pathogenicity. A large number of genes related to the AHL-type 1 (ahyI, ahyR), LuxS-type 2 (luxS, pfs, metEHK, litR, luxOQU) and QseBC-type 3 (qseB, qseC) autoinducer systems were also identified. As a result of the expression of the ahyI gene in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), combined UPLC-MS/MS profiling led to the identification of several new N-acyl-homoserine lactone compounds synthesized by AhyI. This genomic analysis determined the comprehensive QS systems of A. hydrophila, which might provide novel information regarding the mechanisms of virulence signatures correlated with QS.
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Pattanayak S, Priyadarsini S, Paul A, Kumar PR, Sahoo PK. Diversity of virulence-associated genes in pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila isolates and their in vivo modulation at varied water temperatures. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104424. [PMID: 32771658 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most environmental parameters have no consistent effect on the expression of bacterial genes responsible for their virulence. However, as fish are poikilothermic, the possibility of temperature variation having a pronounced effect on the expression of virulence-associated gene(s) of bacteria infecting the host needs to be investigated. In this study, the diversity of virulence genes in seven Aeromonas hydrophila isolates collected from diseased fish from different parts of India was characterized, and the effect of temperature variation on the extent of expression of their virulence was investigated. All bacterial isolates were screened for a total of nine bacterial virulent genes {aerolysin, hemolysin, cytoen, outer membrane protein TS (Omp TS), elastase, flagellin, lipase, β hemolysin and type 3 secretion system}, and the diversity in their presence or absence were marked at a particular in vitro condition. Three bacterial isolates (nos. 1, 7 and 2) were selected for further study, based on their ability to cause varied mortalities (20-100%) in Labeo rohita juveniles in intraperitoneal challenge study. Further, three isolates were injected intraperitoneally into L. rohita fingerlings at three different temperatures (i.e., 20, 28 and 37 °C) and at 6 h post-challenge, the kidney samples were collected to measure the levels of all nine bacterial virulence genes using semi-quantitative PCR. The maximum level of amplicons of virulence genes in all three A. hydrophila isolates was noticed at 28 °C as compared to 37 °C and 20 °C. It was also observed that haemolysin played a more prominent role in the expression of virulence, when compared to cytoen gene. Hence, it was concluded that water temperature does play a crucial role in governing virulence gene expression, and a temperature of 28 °C would be considered as suitable for looking into the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila for conducting any challenge study with this organism in tropical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Pattanayak
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Swatismita Priyadarsini
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Anirban Paul
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - P Rajesh Kumar
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - P K Sahoo
- National Referral Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Diseases, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India.
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Zhao XL, Wu G, Chen H, Li L, Kong XH. Analysis of virulence and immunogenic factors in Aeromonas hydrophila: Towards the development of live vaccines. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:747-755. [PMID: 32478415 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium that is widespread in aquatic environments, is responsible for causing haemorrhagic disease in both aquatic and terrestrial species. With the purpose of developing a live vaccine, herein we have investigated nine strains of A. hydrophila (Ah-01 to Ah-09) isolated from diseased fish. A study of virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity and immunogenicity in the host Cyprinus carpio suggests that the presence of β-hly, act and fla genes contribute to pathogenesis: strains Ah-01, Ah-02 and Ah-03 (β-hly+ /act+ /fla+ genotype) were highly pathogenic to C. carpio, whereas Ah-05 and Ah-06 (β-hly- /act- /fla- genotype) showed weak pathogenicity. Accordingly, Ah-02 and Ah-03 were selected to prepare inactivated vaccines, whereas Ah-05 and Ah-06 were chosen as live vaccines. Ah-06 live vaccine was found to have the best protective efficacy, with a protective rate of about 85%, whereas rates of other vaccines were significantly lower, in the range 37%-59%. In addition, DNA vaccines based on genes altA, aha and omp showed immune protection rates of 25%, 37.5% and 75%, respectively. Our data demonstrate that the β-hly- /act- /fla- /altA+ /aha+ /omp+ genotype has weak pathogenicity and high immunogenicity, and provide a simple and effective way to screen for live A. hydrophila vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Liang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gan Wu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - He Chen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Kolda A, Mujakić I, Perić L, Vardić Smrzlić I, Kapetanović D. Microbiological Quality Assessment of Water and Fish from Karst Rivers of the Southeast Black Sea Basin (Croatia), and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Aeromonas Isolates. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2322-2332. [PMID: 32529482 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Karst rivers are of great interest for commercial fishing and aquaculture, yet they are quite vulnerable aquatic environments because the permeable karst rocks do not effectively filter out contaminants. To understand the current state of karst rivers water quality, we analysed the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters, focusing on antibiotic pollution and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbes of three such rivers in Croatia. Water quality varied between classes I and II across sampling sites, and the numbers of total coliforms, enterococci and heterotrophic bacteria varied substantially among sites. Swabs from fish gills, spleen, liver and kidneys were cultured and 94 isolates identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The predominant genus was Aeromonas (42.5% of all identified isolates), known for its adaptability to polluted environments and its frequent association with antibiotic resistance. Of the selected Aeromonas isolates known as most pathogenic, half were resistant to at least three antibiotic categories. The Enterobacteriaceae family was represented by the greatest number of genera, most of which are pathogenic for humans and animals and are spoilage bacteria for fish. The results of this study highlight the extent of antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments and the increasing threat of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in traditionally high-quality karst rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Kolda
- Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Izabela Mujakić
- Laboratory of Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradska 237, Opatovicky mlyn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Lorena Perić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Vardić Smrzlić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Kapetanović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Molecular Typing, Antibiogram and PCR-RFLP Based Detection of Aeromonas hydrophila Complex Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030238. [PMID: 32235800 PMCID: PMC7157191 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile Aeromonas septicemia is a common bacterial disease that affects Oreochromis niloticus and causes tremendous economic losses globally. In order to investigate the prevalence, molecular typing, antibiogram and the biodiversity of Aeromonas hydrophila complex, a total of 250 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected randomly from 10 private tilapia farms (25 fish/farm) at El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The collected fish were subjected to clinical and bacteriological examinations. The majority of infected fish displayed ulcerative necrosis, exophthalmia, and internal signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The prevalence of A. hydrophia complex was 13.2%, where the liver was the most predominant affected organ (54.1%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to verify the identification of A. hydrophila complex using one set of primers targeting gyrB as well as the detection of virulent genes (aerA, alt, and ahp). All isolates were positive for the gyrB-conserved gene and harbored aerA and alt virulence genes. However, none of those isolates were positive for the ahp gene. The antimicrobial sensitivity was carried out, where the recovered strains were completely sensitive to ciprofloxacin and highly resistant to amoxicillin. All retrieved strains showed the same phenotypic characteristics and were identical based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Experimentally challenged fish presented a high mortality rate (76.67%) and showed typical signs as in naturally infected ones. In conclusion, the synergism of phenotypic and genotypic characterization is a valuable epidemiological tool for the diagnosis of A. hydrophila complex. RFLP is a fundamental tool for monitoring the biodiversity among all retrieved strains of A. hydrophia.
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Dawood MAO, Moustafa EM, Elbialy ZI, Farrag F, Lolo EEE, Abdel-Daim HA, Abdel-Daim MM, Van Doan H. Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 and/or β-glucan impacted the histopathological, antioxidant, immune-related genes and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:212-221. [PMID: 32203766 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A trial was operated to assess the potential of using Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (L-137) and/or β-glucan (BG) in improving the resistance of Nile tilapia against Aeromonas hydrophila. Control diet and 3 diets supplemented with L-137, BG or L-137 + BG were prepared. Final body weight, specific growth rate, superoxide dismutase, and catalase showed considerably (P < .05) increased values in L-137 or L-137/BG groups, while glutathione peroxidase increased significantly (P < .05) only in L-137/BG group. Fish fed L-137 and/or BG diets showed that feed conversion ratio and malonaldehyde levels were significantly decreased (P < .05). Also, both L-137 and BG helped Nile tilapia to have high phagocytosis activity and relative expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) genes. After A. hydrophila challenge, the intestinal villi epithelium of the L-137/BG group was intact and denser than the other groups. The hepatopancreas and spleen of the control group displayed severe necrosis in hepatocytes and congestion of blood sinusoids in addition to diffuse vacuolation. Regarding the L-137, BG and L-137/BG groups, there was a moderate and normal degree of vacuolation with focal necrosis and mild to moderate degree of congestion of blood sinusoids. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, and albumin showed meaningfully (P < .05) increased values in L-137 or L-137/BG groups. TNF-α, IL-1β, and INF-γ expressions were upregulated by L-137 and/or BG. The obtained results revealed the ability of L-137 and/or BG to protect Nile tilapia from the effects of A. hydrophila infection by the motivation of the immune, antioxidative, and antiinflammation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Eman Moustafa Moustafa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Emad E E Lolo
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A Abdel-Daim
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Innoviative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand..
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Nimnoi P, Pongsilp N. Distribution and expression of virulence genes in potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from seafood in Thailand. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1842502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pongrawee Nimnoi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Neelawan Pongsilp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Chen F, Sun J, Han Z, Yang X, Xian JA, Lv A, Hu X, Shi H. Isolation, Identification and Characteristics of Aeromonas veronii From Diseased Crucian Carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2742. [PMID: 32038507 PMCID: PMC6988821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species often cause disease in farmed fish. In the present study, dominant bacteria were isolated from diseased crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Based on this, a bacterial isolate was tentatively named CFJY-623. This isolate was identified as Aeromonas veronii based on analysis of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical features, as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. Six virulence genes related to pathogenicity including aerolysin, cytotonic enterotoxins, elastase, glycerophospholipid: cholesterol acyltransferase, lipase, and serine protease were identified in this A. veronii isolate. The median lethal dosage (LD50) of the CFJY-623 isolate for crucian carp was determined as 1.31 × 107 CFU/mL. Artificial experimental infection showed that the CFJY-623 isolate caused considerable histological lesions in the fish, including tissue cell degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrating. Drug sensitivity testing showed that the isolate was susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenemes, and nitrofurans. Exploring its growing features showed that this isolate exhibited a high level of environmental adaptability. These results provided a scientific basis for the identification of A. veronii and treatment for fish infected by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoran Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-an Xian
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Aijun Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyue Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
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Kim F, Silva A, Silva R, Kim P, Acosta A, Silva S, Sena M, Mota R. Elevada frequência de Aeromonas spp. e genes de virulência em cultivos de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) em tanques-rede, na região semiárida de Pernambuco, Brasil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de Aeromonas spp. em peixes e amostras de água na região semiárida de Pernambuco e avaliar a frequência de aerolissina (aerA), enterotoxina citotóxica (act), enterotoxina citotônica (alt) e serina protease (ahp) nesses isolados. Foram analisados 70 peixes vivos e oito mortos com sinais clínicos de aeromoniose e 16 amostras de água. Aeromonas spp. foram identificadas por análises microbiológicas (provas bioquímicas) e molecular, usando-se primers específicos para a região 16S rRNA, e a distribuição dos quatro fatores de virulência (aerA, alt, act e ahp) foi investigada por ensaio de PCR. Cento e cinquenta e cinco (84,7%) isolados foram confirmados como Aeromonas spp. na análise molecular. Os genes de virulência mais frequentes foram act (53,55%) e aerA (51,61%). De acordo com o tipo de amostra, observou-se maior frequência do gene aerA (87,5% P=0,0474) em isolados de peixes mortos e a menor frequência do gene act (47,73% P=0,0002) em peixes vivos. Este estudo demonstrou a presença de aeromoniose no cultivo de tilápias em tanques-rede, nos municípios de Jatobá e Petrolândia, na região semiárida de Pernambuco. A detecção de aerA, act e alt pode ser utilizada na tipagem de virulência de Aeromonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.J.P. Kim
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A.E.M Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R.V.S. Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - P.C.P. Kim
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A.C. Acosta
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - M.J. Sena
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R.A. Mota
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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Rather MA, Willayat MM, Wani SA, Hussain SA, Shah SA. Enterotoxin gene profile and molecular epidemiology of Aeromonas species from fish and diverse water sources. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:921-931. [PMID: 31211898 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence, enterotoxin gene profile and molecular epidemiology of Aeromonads from various sources of water (182) and fish (173). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 116 Aeromonas sp. were isolated, of which 48 (26·37%) were from water and 68 (34·62%) were from fish samples collected from retail markets and fish farms. The Aeromonads were recovered from all types of water sources viz. drinking water (13%), surface waters (26%) and fish ponds (69%). The most prevalent species recovered from drinking water was A. hydrophila, from fish ponds it was A. caviae, from surface water sources A. hydrophila and A. caviae were recovered more frequently, and A. hydrophila and A. veronii bv. sobria were isolated predominantly from gills of fish samples. On multiplex PCR analysis for the detection of enterotoxin genes (act, alt, ast), the above mentioned Aeromonas species frequently contained enterotoxin genes, irrespective of their sources. From isolates across all the sources, act (63%) and alt (57%) genes were encountered more frequently than ast (6%). The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences polymerase chain reaction was used for typing of isolates and most of the isolates from water and fish were related, owing to similar ecosystem. CONCLUSION A wide distribution of enterotoxin genes in Aeromonads from water and fish is a potential public health threat and molecular genotyping can be helpful to study epidemiology of the pathogen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A high proportion of isolates recovered from diverse water sources, particularly potable drinking water and fish samples carried one or more enterotoxin genes thereby indicating a potential pathogenic nature of isolates from these sources. The genetic relatedness was detected amongst many isolates recovered from water sources and fish samples indicating circulation of familiar virulent clones in the aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rather
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
| | - M M Willayat
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
| | - S A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
| | - S A Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
| | - S A Shah
- Division of Veterinary Pathology of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K, India
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40
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Zhang DX, Kang YH, Song MF, Shu HP, Guo SN, Jia JP, Tao LT, Zhao ZL, Zhang L, Wang CF, Wang GQ, Qian AD, Shan XF. Identity and virulence properties of Aeromonas isolates from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:100-109. [PMID: 31107978 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Aeromonas are opportunistic pathogen of a variety of aquatic animals that exhibits multidrug resistance, phenotypes, virulence genes and virulence. The present study described the species distribution and the potential pathogenicity of Aeromonas isolated from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China. Molecular identification revealed that A. veronii biovar veronii (69/167; 41·3%) and A. hydrophila (41/167; 24·6%) were the most common species found in Northern snakehead intestine based on sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and DNA gyrase subunit B protein. The distribution of seven virulence factors including aer (84·4%), act (80·8%), ser (40·1%), Aha (27·5%), lip (23·4%), exu (15·0%) and LuxS (12·6%) were determined exclusively in Aeromonas isolates. All the seven virulence genes were present in 9·6% (16/167), among which 11 strains were identified as A. veronii biovar veronii. For the strains harbouring seven virulence genes, the 50% lethal doses (LD50 ) of isolates were lower compared to the isolates carrying two virulence genes. The challenge tests revealed that isolate W31 had the lowest lethal dose, causing 50% mortality at 4·5 × 103 colony-forming units (CFU) per ml. Furthermore, histopathology of Northern snakehead infected with Aeromonas strains showed necrosis and congestion in liver, spleen and kidney and also damage to the intestine. This study confirms that the Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy Northern snakehead may be a cause of concern for public health. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Aeromonas species are widely distributed in aquatic environments and have considerable virulence potential. The aim of this study was to identify Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy Northern snakehead, and to investigate if Aeromonas species isolated from healthy fish potential pathogenicity with special reference to virulence and epidemiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-X Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Y-H Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - M-F Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - H-P Shu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - S-N Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - J-P Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - L-T Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Z-L Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - C-F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - G-Q Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - A-D Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - X-F Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Xiong J, Huang B, Guo SL, Xu JS, Huang W. A novel multiplex PCR assay for rapid detection of virulent Aeromonas in cultured eels. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:418-428. [PMID: 31136041 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Under intensive and stressful aquaculture conditions, cultured eels are highly susceptible to virulent Aeromonas sp. infections. To rapidly and simultaneously confirm Aeromonas isolate and its virulence, a two-tube multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay incorporating gyrB gene for genus-specific recognition and seven major virulence genes for virulence assessment was developed. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight pairs of primers were designed and divided into two groups-gyrB, ahpA, epr and aerA in tube 1 and alt, act, ast and hlyA in tube 2. The optimized mPCR conditions were the same except for their final concentrations. The specificity of the mPCR was validated by the extracted DNA of 10 Aeromonas and 8 non-Aeromonas species, or mixed DNA templates. Detection limits were determined to be 200 copies per μl in tube 1 and 20 copies per μl in tube 2. The mPCR reproducibility was tested by both artificial challenge and clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS The results showed this two-tube mPCR assay was rapid, specific, sensitive and reliable. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first report to distinguish virulent Aeromonas isolates from nonvirulent ones by seven popular and major virulence genes at the genus-specific level. And it will be useful for large-scale screening of virulent Aeromonas sp. in cultured eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xiong
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Xiamen, China
| | - B Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Xiamen, China
| | - S-L Guo
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Xiamen, China
| | - J-S Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Xiamen, China
| | - W Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Xiamen, China
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Virulence genes contributing to Aeromonas hydrophila pathogenicity in Oreochromis niloticus. Int Microbiol 2019; 22:479-490. [PMID: 30989358 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are the main cause of high economic loss in aquaculture, particularly gram-negative bacteria. This study was conducted for the isolation and identification of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. from diseased fish. Twenty-two Aeromonas and sixteen Pseudomonas isolates were recovered from diseased Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in eight earthen ponds in Elhox, Metoubes, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. The recovered isolates were further identified using PCR as 22 Aeromonas hydrophila, 11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 5 Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates. The 22 A. hydrophila isolates were screened for the presence of four virulence genes. Sixteen of the isolates (72.72%) were positive for the aerolysin gene (aer); 4 (18.18%) harbored the cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act); and 2 (9.09%) carried the hemolysin A gene (hylA) while the cytotonic heat-stable enterotoxin gene (ast) was absent from all the tested isolates. The pathogenicity test indicated the direct relationship between the mortality percentage and the genotype of the tested A. hydrophila isolates as the mortality rates were 63.3 and 73.3% for isolates with two virulence genes (aer+ & act+, and aer+ and hylA+, respectively), followed by 40, 53.3, and 56.6% for isolates with only one virulence gene (hylA, act, and aer, respectively) and 20% for isolates lacking virulence genes. Based on the sensitivity test, the multi-antibiotic resistance profiles were as follows: 90.9% of the A. hydrophila isolates were sensitive to florfenicol and doxycycline; then 68.18% were susceptible to oxytetracycline, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin; and 63.63% were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, while only 27.27 and 4.5% were sensitive to erythromycin and cephradine, respectively, and all the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin.
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Hossain S, De Silva BCJ, Wimalasena SHMP, Pathirana HNKS, Dahanayake PS, Heo GJ. Characterization of Virulence Determinants And Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Motile Aeromonas Spp. Isolated from Ornamental Goldfish (Carassius Auratus). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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44
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Jung-Schroers V, Jung A, Ryll M, Bauer J, Teitge F, Steinhagen D. Diagnostic methods for identifying different Aeromonas species and examining their pathogenicity factors, their correlation to cytotoxicity and adherence to fish mucus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:189-219. [PMID: 30521094 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, acting as facultative or obligate pathogens for fish. Identifying Aeromonas spp. is important for pathogenesis and prognosis in diagnostic cases but can be difficult because of their close relationship. Forty-four already characterized isolates of Aeromonas spp. were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, by gyrase B sequencing, by analysing their fatty acid profiles, by biochemical reactions and by MALDI-TOF MS. To determine their pathogenicity, cytotoxicity, adhesion to mucus and the expression of 12 virulence factors were tested. The susceptibility of the isolates towards 13 different antibiotics was determined. MALDI-TOF MS was found to be an acceptable identification method for Aeromonas spp. Although the method does not detect all species correctly, it is time-effective and entails relatively low costs and no other methods achieved better results. A high prevalence of virulence-related gene fragments was detected in almost all examined Aeromonas spp., especially in A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida, and most isolates exhibited a cytotoxic effect. Single isolates of A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida showed multiple resistance to antibiotics. These results might indicate the potentially pathogenic capacity of Aeromonas spp., suggesting a risk for aquatic animals and even humans, given their ubiquitous nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Jung-Schroers
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ryll
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Bauer
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Teitge
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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45
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Liu J, Xie L, Zhao D, Yang T, Hu Y, Sun Z, Yu X. A fatal diarrhoea outbreak in farm-raised Deinagkistrodon acutus in China is newly linked to potentially zoonotic Aeromonas hydrophila. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:287-298. [PMID: 30222905 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Deinagkistrodon acutus is a venomous pit viper commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine; farming these snakes has become a major industry. In 2017, an outbreak of fatal diarrhoea among farm-raised D. acutus in Hunan Province caused the deaths of 5,600 snakes within 3 weeks. We isolated a brand-new sequence type of Aeromonas hydrophila (ST516) from lesions and confirmed that this bacterium was the causal agent of the outbreak. Snakes infected with the bacterium in the laboratory showed similar clinical symptoms to those of snakes in the original outbreak. We also tested bacterial virulence in Kunming mice to examine the likelihood of zoonosis. Isolates were pathogenic to mice, causing diarrhoea within 4 hr post-challenge, which indicates that the bacterium can potentially infect mammals. Environmental analysis showed that polluted spring water likely caused the diarrhoea in snakes. This study is the first to report on a large-scale outbreak of fatal diarrhoea in farm-raised snakes, originating in a pathogen that can infect mammals. These results should raise awareness regarding potential anthropozoonosis among poikilotherms, mammals, and humans; appropriate prevention or control methods should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Changsha, China
| | - Lingfeng Xie
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Changsha, China
| | - Dun Zhao
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Taotao Yang
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- Hunan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Changsha, China
| | - Xinglong Yu
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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46
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Perretta A, Antúnez K, Zunino P. Phenotypic, molecular and pathological characterization of motile aeromonads isolated from diseased fishes cultured in Uruguay. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1559-1569. [PMID: 30105751 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Information about motile aeromonads from aquaculture systems of the Neotropical region is scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize motile Aeromonas isolated from ornamental and consumable fishes cultured in Uruguay. Biochemical and molecular methods were used for species identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence genes were evaluated. Genetic diversity was analysed by rep-PCR, and virulence of the most representative isolates was determined by calculating the fifty lethal dose in experimentally challenged fish (Australoheros facetus). Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii were the most prevalent identified species (38.2% and 32.4%, respectively), whereas A. allosacharophila, A. bestiarium, A. caviae and A. punctata were less prevalent. This study constitutes the first report of these last four species in Uruguay. All isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials, and 82.3% of them showed multidrug resistance. Virulence genotypes were correlated with the Aeromonas species and haemolytic activity. The genotype act+/alt+/ast+/ela+/lip+ was the most prevalent (26.5%). A correlation between virulence genotypes and Aeromonas species was found. A. punctata showed a clonal structure according to rep-PCR analysis, whereas other species showed high genetic diversity. The number of virulence genes of the isolates was related with virulence according to the experimental challenge assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Perretta
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karina Antúnez
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable", Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable", Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay
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47
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Ran C, Qin C, Xie M, Zhang J, Li J, Xie Y, Wang Y, Li S, Liu L, Fu X, Lin Q, Li N, Liles MR, Zhou Z. Aeromonas veroniiand aerolysin are important for the pathogenesis of motile aeromonad septicemia in cyprinid fish. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3442-3456. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Chubin Qin
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Xie
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuning Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Fu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380 People's Republic of China
| | - Ningqiu Li
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380 People's Republic of China
| | - Mark R. Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
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Pires IC, Freire NB, Fernandes AW, Souza RF, Silva Jr FA, Oliveira HP, Costa MM. Influência do polipirrol e dos níveis de salinidade na formação de biofilme em Aeromonas spp. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Bactérias do gênero Aeromonas são patógenos altamente disseminados no ambiente aquático, responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas na piscicultura de diversos países. São micro-organismos oportunistas e sua patogenicidade está ligada a alguns fatores de virulência, como a formação de biofilme. O estresse salino é um dos fatores que favorecem a formação dessas colônias e, consequentemente, o aumento de infecções. Essas infecções quando estão associadas ao biofilme são ainda mais resistentes aos antimicrobianos. Nesse contexto, o polipirrol destaca-se como uma alternativa antimicrobiana por possuir vários atributos terapêuticos e não apresentar toxicidade aos organismos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o perfil de susceptibilidade e a capacidade de formação de biofilme dos isolados de Aeromonas spp. associados aos diferentes níveis de salinidade e polipirrol. Determinou-se a atividade antibacteriana dos isolados e ensaios de motilidade foram realizados com bactérias que carreavam o gene fla. Também verificou-se a capacidade do cloreto de sódio e polipirrol em interferir na formação do biofilme. Os resultados foram evidenciados com a microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As concentrações de 2 e 3% de NaCl inibiram a motilidade bacteriana. Na formação do biofilme, 83% dos isolados bacterianos induziram a produção na concentração de 0,25%. O polipirrol causou a morte de todos os isolados testados na concentração de 125μg/mL. Além disso, esse composto diminuiu a motilidade bacteriana nas concentrações de 0,25 a 3%, sendo que em relação à produção de biofilme, não houve interferência. Esses resultados evidenciam que os diferentes níveis de NaCl influenciam na formação do biofilme favorecendo a persistência da infecção. Este estudo também realçou a potencialidade do polipirrol como agente bactericida, sendo uma alternativa eficaz às drogas antimicrobianas para o tratamento das infecções causadas por Aeromonas spp.
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Chen LL, Xie J, Cao DD, Jia N, Li YJ, Sun H, Li WF, Hu B, Chen Y, Zhou CZ. The pore-forming protein Aep1 is an innate immune molecule that prevents zebrafish from bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:49-54. [PMID: 29317232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin, various aerolysin-like pore-forming proteins have been identified from bacteria to vertebrates. We have recently reported the mechanism of receptor recognition and in vitro pore-formation of a zebrafish aerolysin-like protein Dln1/Aep1. However, the physiological function of Aep1 remains unknown. Here we detected that aep1 gene is constitutively expressed in various immune-related tissues of adult zebrafish; and moreover, its expression is significantly up-regulated upon bacterial challenge, indicating its involvement in antimicrobial infection. Pre-injection of recombinant Aep1 into the infected zebrafish greatly accelerated the clearance of bacteria, resulting in significantly increased survival rate. Meanwhile, the induced expression of cytokines such as interleukin IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α in zebrafish upon injection of recombinant Aep1 suggested that Aep1 may be a pro-inflammatory protein that triggers the antimicrobial immune responses. However, compared to the overproduction of these cytokines in the infected zebrafish, pre-injection of Aep1 could significantly reduce the expression level of these cytokines, accompanying with a reduced bacterial load. Moreover, the expression profiles through the developmental stages of zebrafish demonstrated that aep1 is activated at the very early stage prior to the maturation of adaptive immune system. Altogether, our findings proved that Aep1 is an innate immune molecule that prevents the bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dong-Dong Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ya-Juan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wei-Fang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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50
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Genotypic Detection of Some Virulence Factors Among Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Diarrhea Cases (Iraq). JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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