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Ma Y, Yao Y, Meng X, Fu H, Li J, Luan X, Liu M, Liu H, Gu W, Hou L, Meng Q. Hemolymph exosomes inhibit Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection by promoting Tetraspanin-mediated hemocyte phagocytosis in crab. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23433. [PMID: 38226893 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302182r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes released from infected cells are thought to play an important role in the dissemination of pathogens, as well as in host-derived immune molecules during infection. As an intracellular pathogen, Spiroplasma eriocheiris is harmful to multiple crustaceans. However, the immune mechanism of exosomes during Spiroplasma infection has not been investigated. Here, we found exosomes derived from S. eriocheiris-infected crabs could facilitate phagocytosis and apoptosis of hemocytes, resulting in increased crab survival and suppression of Spiroplasma intracellular replication. Proteomic analysis revealed the altered abundance of EsTetraspanin may confer resistance to S. eriocheiris, possibly by mediating hemocyte phagocytosis in Eriocheir sinensis. Specifically, knockdown of EsTetraspanin in E. sinensis increased susceptibility to S. eriocheiris infection and displayed compromised phagocytic ability, whereas overexpression of EsTetraspanin in Drosophila S2 cells inhibited S. eriocheiris infection. Further, it was confirmed that intramuscular injection of recombinant LEL domain of EsTetraspanin reduced the mortality of S. eriocheiris-infected crabs. Blockade with anti-EsTetraspanin serum could exacerbate S. eriocheiris invasion of hemocytes and impair hemocyte phagocytic activity. Taken together, our findings prove for the first time that exosomes modulate phagocytosis to resist pathogenic infection in invertebrates, which is proposed to be mediated by exosomal Tetraspanin, supporting the development of preventative strategies against Spiroplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Luan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Libo Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, PR China
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Srisapoome P, Ju-Ngam T, Wongpanya R. Characterization, Stress Response and Functional Analyses of Giant River Prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (Mr-grp78) under Temperature Stress and during Aeromonas hydrophila Infection. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11103004. [PMID: 34680024 PMCID: PMC8532774 DOI: 10.3390/ani11103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glucose-regulated protein 78 (grp78) is classified as a member of the Hsp70 subfamily. This protein functions as a key factor in signal transduction associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during cellular stress and protects against cell damage caused by toxic chemicals, oxidative stress, Ca2+ depletion, programmed cell death and various infectious conditions. To investigate this crucial mechanism in giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), we analyzed the biological function of prawn grp78 at the molecular level in this study. The regulation of this gene was intensively analyzed under normal bacterial infection and heat/cold-shock inductions. A functional analysis of this gene under heat and infectious stress conditions was performed by gene knockdown. The information obtained in the current study clearly indicates the crucially significant roles of grp78 in the cellular stress responses of the target experimental animal under various stress conditions. Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle important for several functions of cellular physiology. This study identified the giant river prawn’s glucose-regulated protein 78 (Mr-grp78), which is important for ER stress mechanisms. Nucleotide and amino acid analyses of Mr-grp78, as compared with other species, revealed the highest similarity scores with the grp78 genes of crustaceans. An expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR indicated that Mr-grp78 was expressed in all tissues and presented its highest expression in the ovary (57.64 ± 2.39-fold), followed by the gills (42.25 ± 1.12), hindgut (37.15 ± 2.47), thoracic ganglia (28.55 ± 2.45) and hemocytes (28.45 ± 2.26). Expression analysis of Mr-grp78 mRNA levels under Aeromonas hydrophila induction and heat/cold-shock exposure was conducted in the gills, hepatopancreas and hemocytes. The expression levels of Mr-grp78 in these tissues were highly upregulated 12 h after bacterial infection. In contrast, under heat- and cold-shock conditions, the expression of Mr-grp78 was significantly suppressed in the gills at 24–96 h and in the hepatopancreas at 12 h (p < 0.05). A functional analysis via Mr-grp78 gene knockdown showed that Mr-grp78 transcription in the gills, hepatopancreas and muscle strongly decreased from 6 to 96 h. Furthermore, the silencing of this gene effectively increased the sensitivity of the tested prawns to heat- and pathogenic-bacterium-induced stress. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the significant functional roles of Mr-grp78 in response to both temperature and pathogen treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2579-2924
| | - Tanya Ju-Ngam
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ratree Wongpanya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
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Chang ZW, Yeh YC, Chang CC. Role of novel protein kinase C in neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in haemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei: An in vitro approach. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:53-61. [PMID: 32645515 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp lack adaptive immune systems and mainly rely on the cellular and humoral defences, involving the haemocytes (functionally analogous to vertebrate leukocytes) in non-self matter recognition, elimination, and in downstream coagulation. Furthermore, the linkage between stress-induced catecholamine (CA), a class of biogenic amines (BAs), releasing and immunological responses has been detected in shrimp. Varied isotypes of protein kinase C (PKC) regulate multiple cellular processes following their specific location and distribution within the cells, and a novel PKC identified in Litopenaeus vannamei (termed as LvnPKC) is proposed to mediate signaling transduction of immunocompetence and BA biosynthesis. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of the LvnPKC-silenced haemocytes by co-incubating with its dsRNA on the immune responses specific to prophenoloxidase (proPO) and antioxidant systems as well as phagocytic activity. In addition, the capability of haemocytes to produce BAs was assessed. The results revealed that LvnPKC-silenced haemocytes can induce interference in phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, respiratory bursts, and phagocytic activity; meanwhile, the disturbed gene expressions of proPO activating enzyme, proPOII, lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein, and cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase were detected. The same deviated pattern was observed in tyrosine, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels, and in dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity and gene expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase, DOPA decarboxylase, and DBH involving in BA biosynthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that the immunocompetence and BA biosynthesis of haemocytes can be mediated via LvPKC signaling transduction, which proved the presence of a neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in haemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wen Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Eastern Marine Biology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Taitung, 96143, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Chang ZW, Chang CC. Novel protein kinase C participates catecholamine biosynthesis and immunocompetence modulation in haemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103504. [PMID: 31563459 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The catecholamine biosynthesis is required for physiological and immunological responses against stress, and the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network plays a crucial role in immunocompetence of shrimp. A novel protein kinase C of Litopenaeus vannamei (LvnPKC) is involved in immune defense and signaling transduction in haemocytes, and in the present study, the gene silence technique is conducted to identify the role of LvnPKC on catecholamine biosynthesis and immunocompetence modulation in haemocytes of L. vannamei. The results show that tyrosine significantly increases in haemocytes of LvnPKC-silenced shrimp, and in the meantime, the obvious decrease of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and increase of dopamine as well as the consistent norepinephrine levels are detected. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase activities are significantly reduced in haemocytes of LvnPKC-silenced shrimp. Total haemocyte count, hyaline cells and granulocytes insignificantly differ among treatments, and the obvious increase of phenoloxidase activity, respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities are observed in haemocytes of LvnPKC-silenced shrimp, and furthermore, the downregulated phagocytic activity was observed. It is therefore concluded that the LvnPKC mediates catecholamine biosynthesis and immunocompetence in haemocytes, and plays a crucial role in the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wen Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yi CC, Liu CH, Chuang KP, Chang YT, Hu SY. A potential probiotic Chromobacterium aquaticum with bacteriocin-like activity enhances the expression of indicator genes associated with nutrient metabolism, growth performance and innate immunity against pathogen infections in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:124-134. [PMID: 31323329 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics for disease control is a relatively eco-friendly approach in aquaculture; hence, studies isolating and assessing the benefit of potential probiotics to fish farming are common. The zebrafish is an excellent model system for validating beneficial functions of potential probiotics before their practical application in aquaculture. Here, a potentially probiotic Chromobacterium aquaticum was isolated from lake water samples and characterized by biochemical analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing. The probiotic produced extracellular enzymes (protease and xylanase) and a bacteriocin-like substance, which exhibited tolerance to extreme pH and high-temperature conditions and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against diverse pathogens, including aquatic, foodborne, clinical and plant pathogens. The effects of C. aquaticum on zebrafish nutrient metabolism, growth performance and innate immunity were evaluated by measuring the expression of indicator genes after C. aquaticum feeding for 8 weeks. Fish administered the probiotic exhibited significantly increased hepatic mRNA expression of carbohydrate metabolism-related genes, including glucokinase (GK), hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and pyruvate kinase (PK-L), and growth-related genes, including the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Innate immune-related genes (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-21, NF-κb, lysozyme and complement C3b) were induced in fish with probiotic supplementation. Probiotic-treated fish exhibited a higher survival rate than control fish after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus iniae. Together, these data suggest that C. aquaticum, as a probiotic feed supplement, could enhance nutrient metabolism and growth performance and could modulate innate immunity against A. hydrophila and S. iniae in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chun Yi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Pin Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yang Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
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Lau YT, Santos B, Barbosa M, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Regulation of apoptosis-related genes during interactions between oyster hemocytes and the alveolate parasite Perkinsus marinus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:180-189. [PMID: 30195907 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The alveolate Perkinsus marinus is the most devastating parasite of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. The parasite is readily phagocytosed by oyster hemocytes, but instead of intracellular killing and digestion, P. marinus can survive phagocytosis and divide in host cells. This intracellular parasitism is accompanied by a regulation of host cell apoptosis. This study was designed to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis regulation in oyster hemocytes following exposure to P. marinus. Regulation of apoptosis-related genes in C. virginica, and apoptosis-regulatory genes in P. marinus, were investigated via qPCR to assess the possible pathways involved during these interactions. In vitro experiments were also carried out to evaluate the effect of chemical inhibitors of P. marinus antioxidant processes on hemocyte apoptosis. Results indicate the involvement of the mitochondrial pathway (Bcl-2, anamorsin) of apoptosis in C. virginica exposed to P. marinus. In parallel, the antioxidants peroxiredoxin and superoxide dismutase were regulated in P. marinus exposed to C. virginica hemocytes suggesting that apoptosis regulation in infected oysters may be mediated by anti-oxidative processes. Chemical inhibition of P. marinus superoxide dismutase resulted in a marked increase of reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in infected hemocytes. The implication of oxygen-dependent apoptosis during P. marinus infection and disease development in C. virginica is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Ting Lau
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Bianca Santos
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Michelle Barbosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States
| | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States.
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Yeh YC, Chang CC, Lee PP, Cheng W. The transcription of atypical protein kinase C in hemocytes of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, during the molt stage and injection of pathogen-associated compounds. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:52-58. [PMID: 28818614 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC), which is involved in cell signaling pathways, comprises a family of serine/threonine kinases ubiquitously present in animals and its members are grouped on the basis of structural and activation characteristics into novel, classical, and atypical PKC forms. In this study, an atypical PKC of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, designated MraPKC, was successfully cloned, and its protein comprised structural domains similar to those of atypical PKC homologues, including the Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domain, a zinc finger phorbol-ester/DAG-type signature, protein kinase signatures, and a cAMP-dependent, cGMP-dependent, and PKC (AGC) kinase C-terminal domain. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a close evolutionary relationship between MraPKC and aPKCs of insects. MraPKC transcripts were detected in all tissues examined through an RT-PCR, with the highest level detected in muscles. A quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate MraPKC expression in hemocytes of M. rosenbergii in various molt stages, and in prawn challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus, Lactococcus garvieae, and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) as well as in prawns injected with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PG), and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly:IC). Results revealed that the expression pattern of MraPKC was distinctly modulated during molting, with significant enhancement in the C stage. MraPKC transcripts significantly increased in hemocytes of prawns infected with L. garvieae at 6-24 h and those injected with PG at 12-24 h. In contrast, significantly decreased expression of MraPKC was observed in hemocytes of prawns injected with V. alginolyticus and LPS for 3 and 12 h, respectively, and a similar phenomenon was observed in hemocytes of those injected with WSSV and Poly:IC for 12 h each. Therefore, MraPKC might play crucial roles in biological processes, and it may mediate the signaling pathway induced by varied pathogens for the potential regulation of host innate defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Eastern Marine Biology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Taitung 96143, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pai-Po Lee
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Pasupuleti M, Arockiaraj J. Impacts of environmental and biological stressors on immune system of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2017; 9:283-307. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMacrobrachium rosenbergii commonly called giant freshwater prawn is a widely farmed crustacean in freshwater. Similar to other aquatic organisms, their growth and well‐being is influenced by various physical, chemical and biological factors. We discuss about the critical growth limiting factors as well as disease causing agents and the potential immune molecules of M. rosenbergii that are proved to involve in preventing and/or responding to those limiting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajesh Palanisamy
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206 Microbiology Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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Marisa Halim A, Lee PP, Chang ZW, Chang CC. The hot-water extract of leaves of noni, Morinda citrifolia, promotes the immunocompetence of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:457-468. [PMID: 28359947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The hot-water Morinda citrifolia leaf extract (HMLE) was prepared for in vitro assessment on phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), and phagocytic activity (PA). Furthermore, the HMLE was administrated in the diet at 0.6, 3, and 6 g (kg diet)-1 for Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the potential effects on the immunocompetence of prawns were evaluated. PO activity, RBs, and PA in hemocytes incubated with the HMLE at 140, 20, 20, and 140 mg l-1 significantly increased. The immune parameters of the total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), RBs, PO activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, PA, transglutaminase (TG) activity and hemolymph clotting time were evaluated before and after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks of the feeding trial. During 9 weeks of the feeding trial, higher THCs, DHCs, RBs, PO, and TG as well as accelerated clotting times were observed in prawns fed HMLE-containing diets at 0.6 g kg-1. The mRNA expressions of prophenoloxidase, TG, crustin, and lysozyme of prawns fed HMLE-containing diets at 0.6 g kg-1 for 9 weeks of the feeding trial significantly increased. The susceptibility of prawns fed the HMLE at 0.6 g kg-1 to Lactococcus garvieae infection significantly decreased, and the relative survival percentage was 23.1%. We therefore found that HMLE administrated through the diet at 0.6 g kg-1 was capable of enhancing the immunity and resistance against L. garvieae in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Marisa Halim
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Pai-Po Lee
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhong-Wen Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chang ZW, Ke ZH, Chang CC. Roles of dopamine receptors in mediating acute modulation of immunological responses in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:286-297. [PMID: 26766178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) was found to influence the immunological responses and resistance to pathogen infection in invertebrates. To clarify the possible modulation of DA through dopamine receptors (DAR) against acute environmental stress, the levels of DA, glucose and lactate in the haemolymph of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under hypo- and hyperthermal stresses were measured. The changes in immune parameters such as total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and phagocytic activity (PA) were evaluated in prawns which received DAR antagonists (SCH23390, SCH, D1 antagonist; domperidone, DOM, D2 antagonist; chlorpromazine, CH, D1+2 antagonist) followed by hypo- (15 °C) and hyperthermal (34 °C) stresses. In addition, pharmacological analysis of the effect DA modulation was studied in haemocytes incubated with DA and DAR antagonists. The results revealed a significant increase in haemolymph DA accompanied with upregulated levels of glucose and lactate in prawns exposed to both hypo- and hyperthermal stresses in 2 h. In addition, a significant decrease in RBs per haemocyte was noted in prawns which received DAR antagonists when they exposed to hyperthermal stress for 30 min. In in vitro test, antagonism on RBs, SOD and GPx activity of haemocytes were further evidenced through D1, D1, D1+D2 DARs, respectively, in the meantime, no significant difference in PO activity and PA was observed among the treatment groups. These results suggest that the upregulation of DA, glucose and lactate in haemolymph might be the response to acute thermal stress for the demand of energy, and the DAR occupied by its antagonistic action impart no effect on immunological responses except RBs in vivo even though the modulation mediated through D1 DAR was further evidenced in RBs, SOD and GPx activities in vitro. It is therefore concluded that thermal stress mediate stress responses not only through DAR but also via diverse pathways, and DA might modulate the levels of RBs, SOD and GPx activities mainly through D1 DAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wen Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhi-Han Ke
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chang ZW, Chang CC. Roles of receptor for activated protein kinase C1 for modulating immune responses in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:753-764. [PMID: 26297966 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Complementary (c)DNA encoding a receptor for activated protein kinase C1 (RACK1) messenger (m)RNA of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, designated LvRACK1, consisted a 1136-bp cDNA containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 954 bp, a 111-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), and a 71-bp 3'-UTR, which is a 36 kDa cytosolic protein, belonging to the Trp-Asp40 (WD40) family of proteins, characterized by containing seven highly conserved Trp-Asp40 (WD40) internal repeats, and a poly A tail. The WD repeat of LvRACK1 can be predicted to form a seven-bladed propeller structure with each WD repeat composed of four antiparallel β-sheets. The WD40 domains have been implicated in protein-protein interactions. A comparison of amino acid sequences showed that LvRACK1 was closely related to arthropods RACK1. LvRACK1 cDNA was synthesized in all tested tissues detected with real-time PCR including haemocytes, hepatopancreas, gills, muscles, subcuticular epithelium, intestines, abdominal nervous ganglia, thoracic nervous ganglia, lymphoid organ, stomach, heart, and antennal gland, especially in subcuticular epithelium and gill. LvRACK1 mRNA transcription in haemocytes of L. vannamei injected with Vibrio alginolyticus decreased. The depletion of LvRACK1 of haemocytes in L. vannamei received its dsRNA revealed the increased respiratory bursts per haemocyte, superoxide dismutase (SOD), activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and clotting time, but showed the decreased total haemocyte count (THC), hyaline cells (HCs), phagocytic activity, and transglutaminase (TG) activity. LvRACK1 silenced shrimp showed the upregulated gene expressions of cyMnSOD, mtMnSOD, peroxinectin (PE), and TGI, and showed the downregulated α2-macroglobulin (α2-M), clottable protein (CP), lysozyme, and crustin gene expressions. It is therefore concluded that LvRACK1 is involved in immune defense and signaling transduction in haemocytes of L. vannamei infected with V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wen Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
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Gervais O, Renault T, Arzul I. Induction of apoptosis by UV in the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:232-242. [PMID: 26057459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a fundamental feature in the development of many organisms and tissue systems. It is also a mechanism of host defense against environmental stress factors or pathogens by contributing to the elimination of infected cells. Hemocytes play a key role in defense mechanisms in invertebrates and previous studies have shown that physical or chemical stress can increase apoptosis in hemocytes in mollusks. However this phenomenon has rarely been investigated in bivalves especially in the flat oyster Ostrea edulis. The apoptotic response of hemocytes from flat oysters, O. edulis, was investigated after exposure to UV and dexamethasone, two agents known to induce apoptosis in vertebrates. Flow cytometry and microscopy were combined to demonstrate that apoptosis occurs in flat oyster hemocytes. Investigated parameters like intracytoplasmic calcium activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and phosphatidyl-serine externalization were significantly modulated in cells exposed to UV whereas dexamethasone only induced an increase of DNA fragmentation. Morphological changes were also observed on UV-treated cells using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Our results confirm the apoptotic effect of UV on hemocytes of O. edulis and suggest that apoptosis is an important mechanism developed by the flat oyster against stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Gervais
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Unité Santé Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SG2M), Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Tristan Renault
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Unité Santé Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SG2M), Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Unité Santé Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SG2M), Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
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Coates CJ, Whalley T, Wyman M, Nairn J. A putative link between phagocytosis-induced apoptosis and hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase activation. Apoptosis 2013; 18:1319-1331. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Phagocytic activity of Limulus polyphemus amebocytes in vitro. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 111:205-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Xian JA, Wang AL, Ye CX, Chen XD, Wang WN. Phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, cytoplasmic free-Ca(2+) concentration and apoptotic cell ratio of haemocytes from the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon under acute copper stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 152:182-8. [PMID: 20398793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular toxicity of copper-induced injury to the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. The 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h LC(50) (median lethal concentration) of Cu(2+) on P. monodon (11.63+/-1.14g) were found to be 3.49, 1.54, 0.73 and 0.40mgL(-1), respectively. Total haemocyte count (THC), phagocytic activity, respiratory burst (RB), cytoplasmic free-Ca(2+) (cf-Ca(2+)) concentration and apoptotic cell ratio of shrimp were determined after exposure to different concentrations of Cu(2+) (0, 0.05, 0.5, 1.5 and 3.5mgL(-1)) for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48h. There was no significant effect on the analytic indicator of shrimp exposed to 0.05mgL(-1) Cu(2+). THC decreased after Cu-exposure to 0.5mgL(-1) for 48h, 1.5mgL(-1) for 24h and 3.5mgL(-1) for 12h. Phagocytic activity decreased in P. monodon following 48h exposure to 3.5mgL(-1) Cu(2+). RB was induced after 6h exposure to 0.5, 1.5 and 3.5mgL(-1) Cu(2+). cf-Ca(2+) concentration increased after 48h exposure to 0.5mgL(-1) Cu(2+), and 12h exposure to 1.5 and 3.5mgL(-1) Cu(2+). The percentage of apoptotic cells increased to 9.5%, 16.3% and 18.6% respectively following 48h exposure to 0.5, 1.5 and 3.5mgL(-1) Cu(2+). These results indicate that Cu can induce oxidative stress, elevation of cf-Ca(2+) and cell apoptosis, and inhibit phagocytic activity in the shrimp P. monodon, and the lethal injury of Cu(2+) to P. monodon may be mainly due to the sharp reduction of THC caused by ROS-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-An Xian
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
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