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Avigliano E, Niklitschek E, Chung MT, Diaz B, Chalde T, Di Prinzio C, Solimano P, Llompart F, Garcés C, Diaz Ochoa J, Aldea C, Huang KF, Duquenoy C, Leisen M, Volpedo A. Isotope geochemistry as a natural tag of fish in Patagonian freshwater environments: The invasive Chinook salmon case. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162395. [PMID: 36842575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Patagonian aquatic environments have been invaded since the end of the last century by different species of salmonids. Knowing the natal origin and homing/straying rate of the salmonids in colonised environments is essential to understanding the dispersal mechanisms and developing management plans. In the last two decades, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha showed the greatest natural dispersal capacity in Patagonia. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the environmental strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) as a potential natural tag to infer the natal origin and ontogenetic habitat use of salmonids in Patagonia, specifically Chinook salmon. 87Sr/86Sr ratio was determined in water samples from 26 sites distributed in 14 Atlantic and Pacific basins in low and high water seasons. Environmental 87Sr/86Sr showed greater spatial than temporal variation, revealing great potential as a tool to infer the natal origin and life history of several migratory fish species in Patagonia. Otolith core-to-edge 87Sr/86Sr profiles were also analysed in 108 Chinook salmon from six basins. A cluster analysis based on the Unweighted Pair Group method (UPGMA) and Euclidean distances without prior classification grouped the sampled rivers into five main groups with significantly different (p < 0.05) isotopic ratios, sometimes integrated basins with different slopes (Atlantic or Pacific). The cluster analysis based on the natal 87Sr/86Sr period in otolith (∼natal origin) showed clear segregation between the Atlantic and Pacific samples. A mismatch between water and otolith natal 87Sr/86Sr ratio was detected in some Atlantic basins (e.g. De las Vueltas River in Santa Cruz Basin) and Pacific (e.g. Liquiñe Basin) and, which could be explained either by straying behaviours or by large geochemical variability between tributaries, within river systems. Our results showed that 87Sr/86Sr is a useful natural tag to trace the life history of migratory fishes in Patagonia, especially for invasive species such as Chinook salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Avigliano
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Av. Chorroarin 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Edwin Niklitschek
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Centro i∼mar, Camino a Chinquihue Km.6, Puerto Montt, Región de Los Lagos 5480000, Chile
| | - Ming-Tsung Chung
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Boris Diaz
- INTA EEA Santa Cruz, CR Patagonia Sur. Mahatma Gandhi 1322, Rio Gallegos (CP9400), Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Tomás Chalde
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Bernardo Houssay 200 (V9410CAB), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Di Prinzio
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CONICET-FCNyCS- LIESA-UNPSJB), Roca 780 (9200), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Patricio Solimano
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro, Rotonda Cooperación y Ruta Provincial N°1, C.P 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Facundo Llompart
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Bernardo Houssay 200 (V9410CAB), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (UNTDF - ICPA), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Cristóbal Garcés
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Programa de Magister en Recursos Hídricos, Chile
| | - Javier Diaz Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 08155, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - Cristian Aldea
- Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 08155, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile; Centro de Investigación GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 08155, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - Kuo-Fang Huang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Camille Duquenoy
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, IRD, CNES, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Leisen
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, IRD, CNES, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Alejandra Volpedo
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Av. Chorroarin 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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First Isolation of a Herpesvirus (Family Alloherpesviridae) from Great Lakes Lake Sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233230. [PMID: 36496751 PMCID: PMC9740441 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens; LST) is the only native sturgeon species in the Great Lakes (GL), but due to multiple factors, their current populations are estimated to be <1% of historical abundances. Little is known about infectious diseases affecting GL-LST in hatchery and wild settings. Therefore, a two-year disease surveillance study was undertaken, resulting in the detection and first in vitro isolation of a herpesvirus from grossly apparent cutaneous lesions in wild adult LST inhabiting two GL watersheds (Erie and Huron). Histological and ultrastructural examination of lesions revealed proliferative epidermitis associated with herpesvirus-like virions. A virus with identical ultrastructural characteristics was recovered from cells inoculated with lesion tissues. Partial DNA polymerase gene sequencing placed the virus within the Family Alloherpesviridae, with high similarity to a lake sturgeon herpesvirus (LSHV) from Wisconsin, USA. Genomic comparisons revealed ~84% Average Nucleotide Identity between the two isolates, leading to the proposed classification of LSHV-1 (Wisconsin) and LSHV-2 (Michigan) for the two viruses. When naïve juvenile LST were immersion-exposed to LSHV-2, severe disease and ~33% mortality occurred, with virus re-isolated from representative skin lesions, fulfilling Rivers’ postulates. Results collectively show LSHV-2 is associated with epithelial changes in wild adult LST, disease and mortality in juvenile LST, and is a potential threat to GL-LST conservation.
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Da Silva RRP, White CA, Bowman JP, Ross DJ. Composition and functionality of bacterioplankton communities in marine coastal zones adjacent to finfish aquaculture. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113957. [PMID: 35872476 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Finfish aquaculture is a fast-growing primary industry and is increasingly common in coastal ecosystems. Bacterioplankton is ubiquitous in marine environment and respond rapidly to environmental changes. Changes in bacterioplankton community are not well understood in semi-enclosed stratified embayments. This study aims to examine aquaculture effects in the composition and functional profiles of the bacterioplankton community using amplicon sequencing along a distance gradient from two finfish leases in a marine embayment. Results revealed natural stratification in bacterioplankton associated to NOx, conductivity, salinity, temperature and PO4. Among the differentially abundant bacteria in leases, we found members associated with nutrient enrichment and aquaculture activities. Abundant predicted functions near leases were assigned to organic matter degradation, fermentation, and antibiotic resistance. This study provides a first effort to describe changes in the bacterioplankton community composition and function due to finfish aquaculture in a semi-enclosed and highly stratified embayment with a significant freshwater input.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R P Da Silva
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), Nubeena Crescent, Taroona, Tasmania 7053, Australia.
| | - C A White
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), Nubeena Crescent, Taroona, Tasmania 7053, Australia
| | - J P Bowman
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - D J Ross
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), Nubeena Crescent, Taroona, Tasmania 7053, Australia
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Fuentes-Valencia MA, Osornio-Esquivel JL, Martínez Palacios CA, Contreras-Ávila JL, Barriga-Tovar E, la Mora GID, Arellano-Torres A, Baizabal-Aguirre VM, Bravo-Patiño A, Cajero-Juárez M, Valdez Alarcón JJ. Bacterial and parasite co-infection in Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) by Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:137. [PMID: 35414073 PMCID: PMC9004087 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial infections are responsible of high economic losses in aquaculture. Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) is a threatened native trout species that has been introduced in aquaculture both for species conservation and breeding for production and for which no studies of bacterial infections have been reported. Case presentation Fish from juvenile stages of Mexican golden trout showed an infectious outbreak in a farm in co-culture with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), showing external puntiform red lesions around the mouth and caudal pedunculus resembling furuncles by Aeromonas spp. and causing an accumulated mortality of 91%. Isolation and molecular identification of bacteria from lesions and internal organs showed the presence of Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator isolated from a single individual. All bacterial isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefazoline. P. shigelloides was resistant to third generation β-lactamics. Conclusions This is the first report of coinfection by Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator in an individual of Mexican golden trout in co-culture with rainbow trout. Resistance to β-lactams suggests the acquisition of genetic determinants from water contamination by human- or livestock-associated activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Anel Fuentes-Valencia
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - José Luis Osornio-Esquivel
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | | | - Erik Barriga-Tovar
- Comité Estatal de Sanidad e Inocuidad Acuícola de Michoacán A.C. (CESAMICH), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Genoveva Ingle-de la Mora
- Dirección General Adjunta de Investigación en Acuacultura, Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, Pátzcuaro, Mexico.,Centro Regional de Investigación Acuícola y Pesquera en Pátzcuaro, Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, Pátzcuaro, Mexico
| | - Andrés Arellano-Torres
- Dirección General Adjunta de Investigación en Acuacultura, Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, Pátzcuaro, Mexico.,Centro Regional de Investigación Acuícola y Pesquera en Pátzcuaro, Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, Pátzcuaro, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Baizabal-Aguirre
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Patiño
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Marcos Cajero-Juárez
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Juan José Valdez Alarcón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico.
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Effects of antibiotics on Vietnam koi, Anabas testudineus, exposed to Aeromonas dhakensis as a co-infection. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106281. [PMID: 34919949 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The dietary effects of antibiotics on aquatic disease is circumstantial and has not been investigated under infections. the efficacy of erythromycin, after 10 days in use and 10 days off, on the survival and infection rate of (Anabas testudineus) after co-infection with antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas dhakensis (isolate NV5M or V7L). The mortality rate observed in non-medicated groups of co-infected fish (93.3 and 100%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the medicated group of naturally infected fish (NIF) (53.3%) but not significantly different to that in medicated groups of co-infected fish (66.6% and 86.6%). In particular, the loads of invasive erythromycin-resistant bacteria (ERB) were markedly higher (p < 0.05, 3.5-4.8 times) in the kidney of co-infected fish medicated for 5 days than those in NIF. The measure of ERB in the kidney of fish co-infected with isolate V7L, whether medicated or not for 10 days, was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in non-medicated NIF and also that in the medicated group of fish co-infected with isolate NV5M. In addition to the elevation of gut-derived ERB invasion and colonization in the kidney, synergistic effects of the competition between mixed pathogens caused by co-infection and medication might result in a high fish mortality rate. Further investigation of antibiograms and/or new strategies for aquatic disease control should be undertaken with mixed infections and interaction of pathogens to achieve the optimal treatment effect.
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Larson DL, Faisal M, Tempelman RJ, Yu H, Scribner KT. Effects of Hatchery Rearing Density, Handling, and Nutrition on Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection Prevalence in Juvenile Chinook Salmon. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2020; 32:116-126. [PMID: 32298497 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial kidney disease, caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (RS), is a chronic and often fatal disease of salmonid species, and can be particularly harmful to hatchery-reared Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. A considerable amount of research has focused on the prevention of vertical and horizontal transmission; however, a comparatively little amount has investigated factors that increase the prevalence of RS infection in captive environments. We evaluated the effects of three common hatchery conditions (handling, nutrition level, and rearing density) on RS infection prevalence. Fish were sampled at 30-d and 60-d postexposure to RS. Of 577 juveniles examined, 65 (11.27%) had anterior kidneys infected with RS. Using a logistic mixed model analysis, we found effects of nutrition level (P = 0.018), handling (P = 0.010), and sampling period (P = 0.003) on the prevalence of RS. The interactions of nutrition and handling (P = 0.008) and nutrition and time (P < 0.001) were also significant. When fed a standard-nutrition diet, proportionately fewer fish were infected with RS when not handled (7.16% versus 0.04%; P = 0.003). Fish in the standard-nutrition group also had a lower prevalence of RS during the second sampling period (4.08% versus 0.08%, respectively; P < 0.001). When not handled, rearing with standard nutrition (11.50% versus 0.04%; P = 0.004) resulted in a reduction in prevalence of RS infection. Additionally, nonhandled fish had a much lower prevalence of RS infection during the second sampling period (2.66% versus 0.21%; P = 0.009). While density did not affect the prevalence of RS infection (P = 0.145), fish reared at a higher density had lower RS infection when not handled (16.48% versus 0.84%, P = 0.004). For fish at a higher density, the RS prevalence was lower during the second sampling period (10.57% versus 1.40%; P = 0.002). Our results suggest that hatchery managers can reduce RS infection prevalence by maintaining an adequate nutritional regime as recommended by the manufacturer. Additionally, the prevalence of RS may be reduced if managers decrease handling of hatchery-reared Chinook Salmon if exposed to RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Larson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Mohamed Faisal
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Robert J Tempelman
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Kim T Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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Bruce TJ, Ma J, Oliver LP, Jones EM, LaFrentz BR, Cain KD. Isolation and experimental challenge of cultured burbot (Lota lota maculosa) with Flavobacterium columnare and Aeromonas sp. isolates. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:839-851. [PMID: 32618015 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Burbot (Lota lota maculosa) are a potential new species for commercial aquaculture. As burbot culture expands, there is a need to further define pathogen susceptibility and characterize aspects of the burbot immune response in an effort to assess fish health. A recent clinical diagnostic case from juvenile burbot reared at a commercial production facility resulted in the isolation and identification of Flavobacterium columnare along with several Aeromonas spp. The F. columnare isolate was assigned to genetic group 1 via multiplex PCR, a genetic group commonly associated with columnaris disease cases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Virulence of the F. columnare isolate was assessed in vivo in both juvenile burbot and rainbow trout. Additionally, several of the Aeromonas sp. case isolates were identified via sequencing (16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD) and a putative A. sobria isolate (BI-3) was used to challenge burbot, along with a known virulent Aeromonas sp. (A141), but BI-3 was not found to be virulent. Burbot were refractory to F. columnare when challenged by immersion, and it is likely that this is a secondary pathogen for burbot. Although refractory in burbot, the identified F. columnare isolate (BI-1) was found to be virulent in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bruce
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Luke P Oliver
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Evan M Jones
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | | | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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Fetherman ER, Neuschwanger B, Davis T, Wells CL, Kraft A. Efficacy of Erymicin 200 Injections for Reducing Renibacterium salmoninarum and Controlling Vertical Transmission in an Inland Rainbow Trout Brood Stock. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070547. [PMID: 32645920 PMCID: PMC7399888 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Kidney Disease, caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), is widespread and can cause significant mortality at most life stages in infected salmonids. Rs is commonly found in inland trout, which can be carriers of the bacterium. Lethal spawns can be used to control vertical transmission to progeny through the culling of eggs from infected parents, but can be costly, time-consuming, and can negatively impact important and rare brood stocks. Erymicin 200 is an Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) intended to reduce Rs levels in hatchery brood stocks and control vertical transmission to progeny. We tested the efficacy of Erymicin 200 injections in a positive, hatchery-resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brood stock in Colorado, USA. Brood fish age two and three were injected with 25 mg per kg of body weight Erymicin 200 three times prior to spawning. Erymicin 200 was effective in reducing Rs to below detectable levels in treated fish. However, both negative treated and control brood fish produced positive progeny, suggesting that Erymicin 200 did not prevent the vertical transmission of Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Fetherman
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Aquatic Wildlife Research Section, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-472-4436
| | - Brad Neuschwanger
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Bellvue Fish Research Hatchery, 5500 West County Road 50E, Bellvue, CO 80512, USA; (B.N.); (T.D.)
| | - Tracy Davis
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Bellvue Fish Research Hatchery, 5500 West County Road 50E, Bellvue, CO 80512, USA; (B.N.); (T.D.)
| | - Colby L. Wells
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, 122 East Edison Street, Brush, CO 80723, USA; (C.L.W.); (A.K.)
| | - April Kraft
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, 122 East Edison Street, Brush, CO 80723, USA; (C.L.W.); (A.K.)
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Aravena P, Pulgar R, Ortiz-Severín J, Maza F, Gaete A, Martínez S, Serón E, González M, Cambiazo V. PCR-RFLP Detection and Genogroup Identification of Piscirickettsia salmonis in Field Samples. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050358. [PMID: 32397152 PMCID: PMC7281544 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmons, the causative agent of piscirickettsiosis, is genetically divided into two genomic groups, named after the reference strains as LF-89-like or EM-90-like. Phenotypic differences have been detected between the P. salmonis genogroups, including antibiotic susceptibilities, host specificities and pathogenicity. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective assay for the differentiation of the P. salmonis genogroups. Using an in silico analysis of the P. salmonis 16S rDNA digestion patterns, we have designed a genogroup-specific assay based on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). An experimental validation was carried out by comparing the restriction patterns of 13 P. salmonis strains and 57 field samples obtained from the tissues of dead or moribund fish. When the bacterial composition of a set of field samples, for which we detected mixtures of bacterial DNA, was analyzed by a high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons, a diversity of taxa could be identified, including pathogenic and commensal bacteria. Despite the presence of mixtures of bacterial DNA, the characteristic digestion pattern of the P. salmonis genogroups could be detected in the field samples without the need of a microbiological culture and bacterial isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Aravena
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.A.); (R.P.); (J.O.-S.); (F.M.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370415, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pulgar
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.A.); (R.P.); (J.O.-S.); (F.M.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Javiera Ortiz-Severín
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.A.); (R.P.); (J.O.-S.); (F.M.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Felipe Maza
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.A.); (R.P.); (J.O.-S.); (F.M.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370415, Chile
| | - Alexis Gaete
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.A.); (R.P.); (J.O.-S.); (F.M.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370415, Chile
| | - Sebastián Martínez
- Laboratorio Especialidades Técnicas Marinas (ETECMA), Puerto Montt 5500001, Chile; (S.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Ervin Serón
- Laboratorio Especialidades Técnicas Marinas (ETECMA), Puerto Montt 5500001, Chile; (S.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Mauricio González
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.A.); (R.P.); (J.O.-S.); (F.M.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370415, Chile
| | - Verónica Cambiazo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.A.); (R.P.); (J.O.-S.); (F.M.); (A.G.); (M.G.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370415, Chile
- Correspondence:
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10
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Carvalho LA, Whyte SK, Braden LM, Purcell SL, Manning AJ, Muckle A, Fast MD. Impact of co-infection with Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Moritella viscosa on inflammatory and immune responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:459-473. [PMID: 32100325 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of a co-infection with Moritella viscosa at different exposure levels of sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). M. viscosa (1.14 × 106 cfu/ml) was introduced to all experimental tanks at 10 days post-lice infection (dpLs). Mean lice counts decreased over time in both the medium lice co-infection (31.5 ± 19.0 at 7 dpLs; 16.9 ± 9.3 at 46 dpLs) and high lice co-infection (62.0 ± 10.8 at 7 dpLs; 37.6 ± 11.3 at 46 dpLs). There were significantly higher mortalities and more severe skin lesions in the high lice co-infected group compared to medium lice co-infected group or M. viscosa-only infection. Quantitative gene expression analysis detected a significant upregulation of genes in skin from the high lice co-infection group consistent with severe inflammation (il-8, mmp-9, hep, saa). Skin lesions retrieved throughout the study were positive for M. viscosa growth, but these were rarely located in regions associated with lice. These results suggest that while M. viscosa infection itself may induce skin lesion development in salmon, co-infection with high numbers of lice can enhance this impact and significantly reduce the ability of these lesions to resolve, resulting in increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Carvalho
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Shona K Whyte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Sara L Purcell
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Anthony J Manning
- Food Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, The New Brunswick Research and Productivity Council (RPC), Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Anne Muckle
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Mark D Fast
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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11
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Rosado D, Xavier R, Severino R, Tavares F, Cable J, Pérez-Losada M. Effects of disease, antibiotic treatment and recovery trajectory on the microbiome of farmed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Sci Rep 2019; 9:18946. [PMID: 31831775 PMCID: PMC6908611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of fish harbour microbial communities that can act as the first-line of defense against pathogens. Infectious diseases are one of the main constraints to aquaculture growth leading to huge economic losses. Despite their negative impacts on microbial diversity and overall fish health, antibiotics are still the method of choice to treat many such diseases. Here, we use 16 rRNA V4 metataxonomics to study over a 6 week period the dynamics of the gill and skin microbiomes of farmed seabass before, during and after a natural disease outbreak and subsequent antibiotic treatment with oxytetracycline. Photobacterium damselae was identified as the most probable causative agent of disease. Both infection and antibiotic treatment caused significant, although asymmetrical, changes in the microbiome composition of the gills and skin. The most dramatic changes in microbial taxonomic abundance occurred between healthy and diseased fish. Disease led to a decrease in the bacterial core diversity in the skin, whereas in the gills there was both an increase and a shift in core diversity. Oxytetracycline caused a decrease in core diversity in the gill and an increase in the skin. Severe loss of core diversity in fish mucosae demonstrates the disruptive impact of disease and antibiotic treatment on the microbial communities of healthy fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rosado
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Raquel Xavier
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Severino
- Piscicultura Vale da Lama, Sapal do Vale da Lama, Odiáxere, 8600-258, Lagos, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tavares
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências, Departmento de Biologia, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jo Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Computational Biology Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA
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12
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Occurrence of Selected Zoonotic Fecal Pathogens and First Molecular Identification of Hafnia paralvei in Wild Taihangshan Macaques ( Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) in China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2494913. [PMID: 31205937 PMCID: PMC6530245 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2494913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are hosts to a range of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic pathogens. The present study firstly provides a broader investigation of the presence and prevalence of zoonotic fecal pathogens in wild Taihangshan macaques, a subspecies of rhesus macaque in China. A total of 458 fecal samples were collected between September 2015 and November 2016. Fourteen genera of intestinal parasites (four genera of protozoans and ten genera of helminths) and twelve genera of bacteria were tested for using PCR amplification. The overall samples prevalence of parasitic infection was 98.25%. Entamoeba spp. (89.96%), Balantidium coli (70.09%), and Isospora spp. (28.38%) were the most prevalent protozoa, whereas the predominant prevalent helminths were Trichuris sp. (93.23%), Strongyloides spp. (73.36%), and Oesophagostomum sp. (31.66%). Ten genera of intestinal bacteria were detected in samples of rhesus macaques, including Shigella (31.66%), Escherichia coli (29.91%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.38%), Leptospira (26.64%), Campylobacter jejuni (18.34%), Salmonella (13.32%), etc. Eight samples (1.75%) were tested Hafnia-positive based on sequences analysis of 16S rRNA and ampC gene. This is the first molecular characterization of Hafnia infection in NHPs. Our cross-sectional prevalence study provides important information for monitoring the potential transmission of zoonotic infections from wild rhesus macaques.
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13
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Fujimoto M, Lovett B, Angoshtari R, Nirenberg P, Loch TP, Scribner KT, Marsh TL. Antagonistic Interactions and Biofilm Forming Capabilities Among Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Egg Surfaces of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:22-37. [PMID: 28674774 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of interactions within a host-associated microbiome can help elucidate the mechanisms of microbial community formation on hosts and can be used to identify potential probiotics that protect hosts from pathogens. Microbes employ various modes of antagonism when interacting with other members of the community. The formation of biofilm by some strains can be a defense against antimicrobial compounds produced by other taxa. We characterized the magnitude of antagonistic interactions and biofilm formation of 25 phylogenetically diverse taxa that are representative of isolates obtained from egg surfaces of the threatened fish species lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) at two ecologically relevant temperature regimes. Eight isolates exhibited aggression to at least one other isolate. Pseudomonas sp. C22 was found to be the most aggressive strain, while Flavobacterium spp. were found to be one of the least aggressive and the most susceptible genera. Temperature affected the prevalence and intensity of antagonism. The aggressive strains identified also inhibited growth of known fish pathogens. Biofilm formations were observed for nine isolates and were dependent on temperature and growth medium. The most aggressive of the isolates disrupted biofilm formation of two well-characterized isolates but enhanced biofilm formation of a fish pathogen. Our results revealed the complex nature of interactions among members of an egg associated microbial community yet underscored the potential of specific microbial populations as host probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fujimoto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - B Lovett
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - R Angoshtari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - P Nirenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - T P Loch
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - K T Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - T L Marsh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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14
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Faisal M, Diamanka A, Loch TP, LaFrentz BR, Winters AD, García JC, Toguebaye BS. Isolation and characterization of Flavobacterium columnare strains infecting fishes inhabiting the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:637-648. [PMID: 27592613 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare, the aetiological agent of columnaris disease, causes significant losses in fish worldwide. In this study, the prevalence of F. columnare infection was assessed in representative Great Lakes fish species. Over 2000 wild, feral and hatchery-propagated salmonids, percids, centrarchids, esocids and cyprinids were examined for systemic F. columnare infections. Logistic regression analyses showed that the prevalence of F. columnare infection varied temporally and by the sex of the fish, whereby females had significantly higher prevalence of infection. A total of 305 isolates of F. columnare were recovered. Amplification of the near complete 16S rRNA gene from 34 representative isolates and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses demonstrated that all belonged to F. columnare genomovar I. Phylogenetic analysis of near complete 16S rRNA gene sequences also placed the isolates in genomovar I, but revealed some intragenomovar heterogeneity. Together, these results suggest that F. columnare genomovar I is widespread in the Great Lakes Basin, where its presence may lead to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Faisal
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Diamanka
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Département Biologie Animale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
| | - T P Loch
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - B R LaFrentz
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Auburn, AL, USA
| | - A D Winters
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - J C García
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Auburn, AL, USA
| | - B S Toguebaye
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Département Biologie Animale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
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15
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Bass AL, Hinch SG, Teffer AK, Patterson DA, Miller KM. A survey of microparasites present in adult migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in south-western British Columbia determined by high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:453-477. [PMID: 28188649 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microparasites play an important role in the demography, ecology and evolution of Pacific salmonids. As salmon stocks continue to decline and the impacts of global climate change on fish populations become apparent, a greater understanding of microparasites in wild salmon populations is warranted. We used high-throughput, quantitative PCR (HT-qRT-PCR) to rapidly screen 82 adult Chinook salmon from five geographically or genetically distinct groups (mostly returning to tributaries of the Fraser River) for 45 microparasite taxa. We detected 20 microparasite species, four of which have not previously been documented in Chinook salmon, and four of which have not been previously detected in any salmonids in the Fraser River. Comparisons of microparasite load to blood plasma variables revealed some positive associations between Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Cryptobia salmositica and Ceratonova shasta and physiological indices suggestive of morbidity. We include a comparison of our findings for each microparasite taxa with previous knowledge of its distribution in British Columbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Bass
- Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S G Hinch
- Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A K Teffer
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - D A Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Cooperative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - K M Miller
- Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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16
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Kotob MH, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Kumar G, Abdelzaher M, El-Matbouli M. The impact of co-infections on fish: a review. Vet Res 2016; 47:98. [PMID: 27716438 PMCID: PMC5050641 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infections are very common in nature and occur when hosts are infected by two or more different pathogens either by simultaneous or secondary infections so that two or more infectious agents are active together in the same host. Co-infections have a fundamental effect and can alter the course and the severity of different fish diseases. However, co-infection effect has still received limited scrutiny in aquatic animals like fish and available data on this subject is still scarce. The susceptibility of fish to different pathogens could be changed during mixed infections causing the appearance of sudden fish outbreaks. In this review, we focus on the synergistic and antagonistic interactions occurring during co-infections by homologous or heterologous pathogens. We present a concise summary about the present knowledge regarding co-infections in fish. More research is needed to better understand the immune response of fish during mixed infections as these could have an important impact on the development of new strategies for disease control programs and vaccination in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Kotob
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Abdelzaher
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Van Vliet D, Loch TP, Faisal M. Flavobacterium psychrophilum Infections in Salmonid Broodstock and Hatchery-Propagated Stocks of the Great Lakes Basin. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2015; 27:192-202. [PMID: 26636411 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2015.1088488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum, threatens wild and propagated salmonids worldwide and leads to substantial economic losses. In addition to being horizontally transmitted, F. psychrophilum can be passed from infected parents to their progeny, furthering the negative impacts of this pathogen. In Michigan, both feral and captive salmonid broodstocks are the gamete sources used in fishery propagation efforts. A 5-year study was initiated to follow the prevalence of systemic F. psychrophilum infections in feral broodstocks of four species (steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss [potadromous Rainbow Trout]; Coho Salmon O. kisutch; Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha; and Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar) residing in three Great Lakes watersheds. Additionally, captive broodstocks of four species (Rainbow Trout, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush, and Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis) maintained at two facilities were assessed for the presence of F. psychrophilum. The resultant offspring from each broodstock population were sampled for F. psychrophilum infections multiple times throughout hatchery residency. Using selective flavobacterial culture and PCR confirmation, F. psychrophilum was detected in all broodstocks except the captive Lake Trout and Brook Trout. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that among the infected feral broodstocks, Chinook Salmon from the Lake Michigan watershed had the highest prevalence of systemic F. psychrophilum infection (mean = 63.2%). Among the captive broodstocks, the Gilchrist Creek strain of Brown Trout had the highest infection prevalence (mean = 5%). Collectively, the captive broodstocks were found to have significantly lower infection prevalence than the feral broodstocks. Despite the high prevalence of systemic F. psychrophilum infections in many broodstock populations, the bacterium was rarely detected in their progeny during hatchery rearing. However, heavy losses associated with clinical BCWD outbreaks did occur. Collectively, our results reinforce that BCWD continues to threaten Great Lakes basin salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Van Vliet
- a Department of Fisheries and Wildlife , College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University , 480 Wilson Road, Room 4, East Lansing , 48824 , Michigan , USA
| | - Thomas P Loch
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , 1129 Farm Lane, Room 174, East Lansing , 48824 , Michigan , USA
| | - Mohamed Faisal
- a Department of Fisheries and Wildlife , College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University , 480 Wilson Road, Room 4, East Lansing , 48824 , Michigan , USA
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , 1129 Farm Lane, Room 174, East Lansing , 48824 , Michigan , USA
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18
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Liu Y, Rzeszutek E, van der Voort M, Wu CH, Thoen E, Skaar I, Bulone V, Dorrestein PC, Raaijmakers JM, de Bruijn I. Diversity of Aquatic Pseudomonas Species and Their Activity against the Fish Pathogenic Oomycete Saprolegnia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136241. [PMID: 26317985 PMCID: PMC4552890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging fungal and oomycete pathogens are increasingly threatening animals and plants globally. Amongst oomycetes, Saprolegnia species adversely affect wild and cultivated populations of amphibians and fish, leading to substantial reductions in biodiversity and food productivity. With the ban of several chemical control measures, new sustainable methods are needed to mitigate Saprolegnia infections in aquaculture. Here, PhyloChip-based community analyses showed that the Pseudomonadales, particularly Pseudomonas species, represent one of the largest bacterial orders associated with salmon eggs from a commercial hatchery. Among the Pseudomonas species isolated from salmon eggs, significantly more biosurfactant producers were retrieved from healthy salmon eggs than from Saprolegnia-infected eggs. Subsequent in vivo activity bioassays showed that Pseudomonas isolate H6 significantly reduced salmon egg mortality caused by Saprolegnia diclina. Live colony mass spectrometry showed that strain H6 produces a viscosin-like lipopeptide surfactant. This biosurfactant inhibited growth of Saprolegnia in vitro, but no significant protection of salmon eggs against Saprolegniosis was observed. These results indicate that live inocula of aquatic Pseudomonas strains, instead of their bioactive compound, can provide new (micro)biological and sustainable means to mitigate oomycete diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elzbieta Rzeszutek
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Menno van der Voort
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, United States of America
| | - Even Thoen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Skaar
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jos M. Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene de Bruijn
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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19
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Reimer JD, Yang SY, White KN, Asami R, Fujita K, Hongo C, Ito S, Kawamura I, Maeda I, Mizuyama M, Obuchi M, Sakamaki T, Tachihara K, Tamura M, Tanahara A, Yamaguchi A, Jenke-Kodama H. Effects of causeway construction on environment and biota of subtropical tidal flats in Okinawa, Japan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 94:153-167. [PMID: 25865345 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Okinawa, Japan is known for its high marine biodiversity, yet little work has been performed on examining impacts of numerous large-scale coastal development projects on its marine ecosystems. Here, we examine apparent impacts of the construction of the Kaichu-Doro causeway, which was built over 40 years ago. The causeway is a 4.75 km long embankment that divides a large tidal flat and has only two points of water exchange along its entire length. We employed quadrats, transects, sampling, visual surveys, and microbial community analyses combined with environmental, water quality data, and 1m cores, at five stations of two paired sites each (one on each side of Kaichu-Doro) to investigate how the environment and biota have changed since the Kaichu-Doro was built. Results indicate reduction in water flow, and site S1 was particularly heavily impacted by poor water quality, with low diversity and disturbed biotic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Davis Reimer
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Sung-Yin Yang
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Microbiology and Biochemistry of Secondary Metabolites Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kristine N White
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; The University of Tampa, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33606, United States
| | - Ryuji Asami
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fujita
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Chuki Hongo
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Iori Kawamura
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Isshu Maeda
- Uruma City Cultural Sea Museum, 4 Yonashiroyahira, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2427, Japan
| | - Masaru Mizuyama
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Masami Obuchi
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Biological Institute on Kuroshio, 560 Nishidomari, Otsuki, Kochi 788-0333, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; International Research Institute of Disaster Science & Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-06, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tachihara
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Maiko Tamura
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Secondary Metabolites Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Akira Tanahara
- Faculty of Science/Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Aika Yamaguchi
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Secondary Metabolites Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Holger Jenke-Kodama
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Secondary Metabolites Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Hamazaki T, Kahler E, Borba BM, Burton T. Impact of Ichthyophonus infection on spawning success of Yukon River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2013; 106:207-215. [PMID: 24191998 DOI: 10.3354/dao02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impacts of Ichthyophonus infection on spawning success of Yukon River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at spawning grounds of the Chena and Salcha Rivers, Alaska, USA. During the period 2005 to 2006, 1281 salmon carcasses (628 male, 652 female) were collected throughout the spawning season and from the entire spawning reaches of the Chena and Salcha Rivers. For each fish, infection status was determined by culture method and visual inspection of lesions of heart tissue as uninfected (culture negative), infected without lesions (culture positive with no visible lesions), and infected with lesions (culture positive with visible lesions), and spawning status was determined by visually inspecting the percentage of gametes remaining as full-spawned (<10%), partial-spawned (10-50%), and unspawned (>50%). Among the 3 groups, the proportion of full-spawned (i.e. spawning success) females was lower for those infected without lesions (69%) than those uninfected (87%) and infected with lesions (86%), but this did not apply to males (uninfected 42%, infected without lesions 38%, infected with lesions 41%). At the population level, the combined (infected and uninfected) proportion of female spawning success was 86%, compared to 87% when all females were assumed uninfected. These data suggest that while Ichthyophonus infection slightly reduces spawning success of infected females, its impact on the spawning population as a whole appears minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Hamazaki
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99518, USA
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Diamanka A, Loch TP, Cipriano RC, Faisal M. Polyphasic characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida isolates recovered from salmonid and non-salmonid fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2013; 36:949-963. [PMID: 23444966 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Michigan's fisheries rely primarily upon the hatchery propagation of salmonid fish for release in public waters. One limitation on the success of these efforts is the presence of bacterial pathogens, including Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of A. salmonicida in Michigan fish, as well as to determine whether biochemical or gene sequence variability exists among Michigan isolates. A total of 2202 wild, feral and hatchery-propagated fish from Michigan were examined for the presence of A. salmonicida. The examined fish included Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), coho salmon, O. kisutcha (Walbaum), steelhead trout, O. mykiss (Walbaum), Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), and yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Among these, 234 fish yielded a brown pigment-producing bacterium that was presumptively identified as A. salmonicida. Further phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses identified representative isolates as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and revealed some genetic and biochemical variability. Logistic regression analyses showed that infection prevalence varied according to fish species/strain, year and gender, whereby Chinook salmon and females had the highest infection prevalence. Moreover, this pathogen was found in six fish species from eight sites, demonstrating its widespread nature within Michigan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diamanka
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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