1
|
Armstrong H, McDowell C, Leavey G, Denne LD. 'Key skills' building in schools as a possible approach to reducing and preventing challenging behaviour. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13268. [PMID: 38937069 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Building 'key skills' may help prevent the development of challenging behaviour in children with an intellectual disability. The aim of this paper was to extend the current limited evidence in this area. METHOD We undertook two studies with children with an intellectual disability in school settings: (1) a cross-sectional replication study exploring the relationship between 'key skills' and challenging behaviour. (2) a longitudinal study follow-up exploring change in 'key skill' levels and challenging behaviour. RESULTS The replication study recruited 74 participants, those scoring lowest in 'key skill' had a 94% chance of having challenging behaviour; those with the highest scores had a 6% chance. The follow-up study recruited 39 participants, we found a significant increase in children's 'key skill' level (p < .001) and a decrease in their challenging behaviour (p = .046). CONCLUSION Building 'key skills' in children with an intellectual disability may help reduce or prevent challenging behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Armstrong
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Claire McDowell
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Gerard Leavey
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hollingdale J, Woodhouse E, Tibber MS, Simonoff E, Hollocks MJ, Charman T. The cumulative impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and intellectual disability for young people. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:1062-1076. [PMID: 38887190 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental conditions frequently co-occur. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there is a cumulative association between (1) the number of neurodevelopmental conditions, specifically hyperkinetic disorder (hereafter referred to as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), autism spectrum disorder (hereafter referred to as autism) and intellectual disability, and (2) behavioural and socio-emotional problems and the level of clinician-rated functioning for young males and females. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, diagnostic information, caregiver-rated behavioural and socio-emotional data (as conceptualised by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and clinician-rated functioning scores (as conceptualised by the Children's Global Assessment Scale) were extracted from electronic patient records for 2768 young people aged 3-17 years (mean = 11.55, SD = 3.46). All data were extracted at baseline, that is, at the time the young person was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and/or an intellectual disability. Ordinal regression analyses tested associations between the number of neurodevelopmental conditions met (i.e. 1, 2 or 3) and behavioural and socio-emotional outcomes and functioning. RESULTS After controlling for age and biological sex, the number of neurodevelopmental conditions was associated with higher levels of inattention/hyperactivity and peer problems, lower levels of prosocial behaviour and poorer clinician-rated functioning. Although these findings were consistent for males, a cumulative association was not identified for females, except for clinician-rated functioning. CONCLUSIONS For young people, the presence of multiple neurodevelopmental conditions may have a cumulative impact across domains, but this may differ between males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hollingdale
- Research Department of Clinical Psychology, Compass Psychology Services, London, UK
| | - E Woodhouse
- Research Department of Clinical Psychology, Compass Psychology Services, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M S Tibber
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Simonoff
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Service for Complex Autism and Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), London, UK
| | - M J Hollocks
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Service for Complex Autism and Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), London, UK
| | - T Charman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Service for Complex Autism and Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balachandran KP, Bhuvaneswari M. Expressed Emotion in Families of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Mixed-Method Approach. Ann Neurosci 2024; 31:105-114. [PMID: 38694716 PMCID: PMC11060128 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231181014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Family interaction plays a pivotal role in the overall well-being of each member of a family unit. It is foreseeable that a family caring for an individual with a mental or physical health condition could experience negative family interactions for various reasons. Expressed emotion refers to the family environment based on the relatives' interaction with the individual diagnosed with a specific illness. Expressed emotion in the families of a person with any form of mental condition could pose potential psychological distress and burden to family members, notably the primary caregivers. Purpose The current study intends to explore the expressed emotion of the primary caregivers toward children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The association between expressed emotion, stress experienced by the caregiver, and the self-sufficiency of the child diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders was examined. Methods The Five-Minute Speech Sample (FMSS), Kingston Caregivers' Stress Scale (KCSS), and Waisman Activities of Daily Living (WADL) were used to assess expressed emotion, stress, and a child's self-sufficiency, respectively. The snowball sampling technique was adopted, and data were collected from 35 primary caregivers through telephonic interviews. A mixed-method research design was adopted, and the data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results The findings reveal that there is a significant association between expressed emotion and caregivers' stress, expressed emotion, and the child's self-sufficiency and a significant relationship between the caregivers' stress and the child's self-sufficiency. The qualitative analysis suggests the influence of factors such as future concerns, family factors, and relationship strains contribute to expressed emotion. Conclusion It can be concluded that those primary caregivers who reported extreme caregivers' stress and low self-sufficiency in their child exhibited high negative expressed emotion and diverse individual and systemic factors influenced the display of high expressed emotion within the family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Priya Balachandran
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohanraj Bhuvaneswari
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dubé C, Morin AJS, Tóth-Király I, Olivier E, Tracey D, McCune VS, Craven RG, Maïano C. Social Interaction Profiles Among Youth with Intellectual Disabilities: Associations with Indicators of Psychosocial Adjustment. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:458-476. [PMID: 36342629 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the nature of the social interaction profiles observed among youth with intellectual disabilities (ID), defined while considering their relationships with their parents, peers, and teachers, as well as the implication of these profiles for self-esteem, aggressive behaviors, and prosocial behaviors. A sample of 393 youth with mild (48.2%) to moderate (51.8%) levels of ID, aged between 11 and 22 (M = 15.70), was recruited in Canada (n = 141) and Australia (n = 253). Our results revealed four profiles, corresponding to Socially Isolated (23.24%), Socially Integrated (39.83%), Socially Rejected (28.37%) and Socially Connected (8.57%) youth with ID. The socially integrated and connected profiles both presented higher self-esteem, more prosocial behaviors, and less aggressive behaviors than the socially isolated and rejected profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céleste Dubé
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, H4B 1R6, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, H4B 1R6, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, H4B 1R6, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Olivier
- Département de psychopédagogie et d'andragogie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Danielle Tracey
- School of Education, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Victoria Smodis McCune
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, H4B 1R6, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rhonda G Craven
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO|Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérome, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luehring MC, McIntyre LL. Associations Between Parenting Behaviors and Behavioral Problems in Young Children With Developmental Delays. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 128:481-493. [PMID: 37875274 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-128.6.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Children with developmental delays (DD) are at heightened risk for developing behavior problems, which contribute to parenting stress and caregiving burden. There is an established relation between parenting behaviors and child developmental outcomes with less known about parent-child interactions in young children with DD. The present study examined the associations between parenting behaviors and child behavior in a sample of 180 families with preschool-aged children with DD. Results indicated that caregivers' harsh and coercive behaviors were associated with observed challenging behavior in children. Child age, as well as the number of commands issued by caregivers were associated with noncompliance in children. The significance and limitations of these findings are discussed, as well as recommendations for interventions and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew C Luehring
- Mathew C. Luehring, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dimian AF, Symons FJ. A systematic review of risk for the development and persistence of self-injurious behavior in intellectual and developmental disabilities. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 94:102158. [PMID: 35580423 PMCID: PMC10229071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities including autism (I/DD) is among the most clinically disturbing, socially costly, and scientifically challenging behavior disorders. Forty years of clinical research has produced a knowledge base supporting idiographic behavioral assessment and treatment approaches. Despite the treatment progress, from a public health and population perspective, we argue it is less clear that we have reduced the disorder's burden. The developmental course of the disorder is mostly unknown and empirically informed population-level models of risk are absent. In this review, we systematically examined the published scientific literature specific to risk for SIB in the I/DD population. We reviewed study methodology in detail intentionally informed by an epidemiological perspective with a set of questions intended to test the quality of the inferences about risk. Results are discussed in terms of conceptual, methodological, and translational issues with respect to what needs to be done to create credible and useful clinical models for SIB risk in the I/DD population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele F Dimian
- Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota(,) Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Frank J Symons
- Dept. of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota(,) Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Buono S, Zagaria T, Recupero M, Elia M, Kerr M, Di Nuovo S, Ferri R. The evolution of self-injurious behaviors in people with intellectual disability and epilepsy: A follow-up study. Seizure 2020; 82:99-104. [PMID: 33045542 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Longitudinal studies of the evolution of Self-Injurious Behaviors (SIBs) in people with Intellectual Disability (ID) and epilepsy are not common. This study aimed to analyze the evolution (in terms of remission and persistence) and changes in the type, localization, frequency, and intensity of SIBs. METHODS SIBs were assessed in a sample of 52 people with ID and epilepsy, and re-evaluated after a seven-year interval, using the "Scale for the Assessment of Self-Injurious Behaviors". The scale was administered to caregivers (parents or health professionals) through a semi-structured interview conducted by a specifically trained psychologist. RESULTS The most frequent types of SIBs identified were: self-biting, self-hitting with objects, self-hitting with hand, object-finger in cavities. The main localizations of SIBs were: hands, mouth, head and cheeks. SIBs were found to be maintained after seven years, for type, localization, frequency, and intensity, in 90.4% of the sample. SIB types were stable over time, as were the affected areas. Global SIB frequency and intensity scores were found to be unchanged. Finally, a positive correlation was found between the frequency of SIBs and levels of intellectual disability. SIBs (frequency and intensity) and seizure frequency showed no correlation. CONCLUSION Given the negative impact of SIBs on the adaptation and quality of life of people with ID and epilepsy, we believe that further studies on biological, psychological and environmental aspects are needed in order to identify any potential factors that might explain the persistence of SIBs and to find effective interventions to reduce them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serafino Buono
- Unit of Psychology, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - Tommasa Zagaria
- Unit of Psychology, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Elia
- Unit of Neurology, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Mike Kerr
- Institute of psychological medicine and clinical neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Santo Di Nuovo
- Department of Education, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balboni G, Rebecchini G, Elisei S, Tassé MJ. Factors affecting the relationship between adaptive behavior and challenging behaviors in individuals with intellectual disability and co-occurring disorders. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 104:103718. [PMID: 32585440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between adaptive behavior and challenging behaviors in individuals with ID. However, it is unclear which characteristics might influence this relationship in individuals with ID and co-occurring conditions. We found a positive correlation between adaptive behavior (Vineland-II) and challenging behaviors (Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form) in a study of 105 individuals who presented with mostly severe to profound ID and comorbid physical and mental health conditions. These results might be the consequence of the individual participant characteristics. Therefore, participants were separated out into two groups representing the top (n = 24) and bottom quartiles (n = 28) for presence of challenging behaviors. The participants with the highest levels of challenging behaviors had higher levels of adaptive behavior, higher frequency of intermittent explosive/conduct disorder, but lower frequency of epilepsy and cerebral palsy. All participants with the highest levels of challenging behaviors lived in an institutional setting; whereas, those with the lowest level of challenging behaviors lived in either an institutional setting or with their family. In participants with severe/profound ID and multiple co-occurring disorders, a minimum level of adaptive behavior seems to be necessary for the expression of challenging behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandro Elisei
- Serafico Institute of Assisi, Research Centre "InVita", Assisi, PG, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Romero-Gonzalez M, Chandler S, Simonoff E. The relationship of parental expressed emotion to co-occurring psychopathology in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 72:152-165. [PMID: 29156388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Expressed emotion is a construct of the affective relationship between two people, with domains measuring criticism, hostility, warmth, relationship and emotional over-involvement. This review focuses on studies of Expressed Emotion in families of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and its association with co-occurring psychiatric disorders. A systematic search used the Psych-Info and Medline databases to identify articles available at or before September 2016. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies suggest that high levels of expressed emotion, including criticism, are associated with behavioural problems. However, the relationship between expressed emotion and emotional problems is presently unclear because findings were mixed. Also, there is presently little evidence regarding the impact of other components of expressed emotion on co-occurring disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romero-Gonzalez
- King's College London, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom.
| | - Susie Chandler
- King's College London, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Simonoff
- King's College London, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mazzucchelli TG, Hodges J, Kane RT, Sofronoff K, Sanders MR, Einfeld S, Tonge B, Gray KM. Parenting and family adjustment scales (PAFAS): validation of a brief parent-report measure for use with families who have a child with a developmental disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 72:140-151. [PMID: 29145013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with a developmental disability are three to four times more likely than their typically developing peers of developing significant emotional and behavioural problems. There is strong evidence to suggest that individual biological and psychological factors interact with family functioning to precipitate and perpetuate these problems. AIMS This study examined the psychometric properties of a brief measure, the Parent and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS) for use with parents of children with a developmental disability. METHODS A sample of 914 parents of children (M=6.27years) with a developmental disability participated in the study. Disabilities included Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability RESULTS: A confirmatory factor analysis supported a 16-item, four factor model of PAFAS Parenting, and an 11-item, three factor model of PAFAS Family Adjustment. The Parenting Scale measures parental consistency, coercive practices, use of encouragement and the quality of parent-child relationship. The Family Adjustment Scale measures parental emotional adjustment and partner and family support in parenting. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated that the PAFAS demonstrates promise as a brief measure of multiple domains of family functioning important for families who have a child with a developmental disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor G Mazzucchelli
- Child and Family Research Group, and Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Western Australia, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia; Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Julie Hodges
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Robert T Kane
- Child and Family Research Group, and Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Western Australia, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Kate Sofronoff
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Matthew R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Stewart Einfeld
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia.
| | - Bruce Tonge
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Kylie M Gray
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Potential Risk Factors for the Development of Self-Injurious Behavior among Infants at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:1403-1415. [PMID: 28220358 PMCID: PMC5385192 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of self-injurious behavior (SIB) is as high as 50% among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Identification of risk factors for the development of SIB is critical to early intervention and prevention. However, there is little empirical research utilizing a prospective design to identify early risk factors for SIB. The purpose of this study was to evaluate behavioral characteristics predicting SIB at age 2 years among 235 infants at high familial risk for ASD. Logistic regression results indicated that presence of SIB or proto-SIB and lower developmental functioning at age 12 months significantly predicted SIB at 24 months. A pattern of persistent SIB over this period was associated with a diagnosis of autism and poorer cognitive and adaptive outcomes.
Collapse
|
12
|
van Ool JS, Snoeijen-Schouwenaars FM, Schelhaas HJ, Tan IY, Aldenkamp AP, Hendriksen JGM. A systematic review of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in patients with both epilepsy and intellectual disability. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 60:130-137. [PMID: 27206231 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological condition that is particularly common in people with intellectual disability (ID). The care for people with both epilepsy and ID is often complicated by the presence of neuropsychiatric disorders, defined as psychiatric symptoms, psychiatric disorders, and behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between epilepsy or epilepsy-related factors and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in patients with ID and between ID and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in patients with epilepsy. We performed a systematic review of the literature, published between January 1995 and January 2015 and retrieved from PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and ERIC and assessed the risk of bias using the SIGN-50 methodology. Forty-two studies were identified, fifteen of which were assessed as having a low or acceptable risk-of-bias evaluation. Neuropsychiatric comorbidities were examined in relation to epilepsy in nine studies; in relation to epilepsy-related factors, such as seizure activity, seizure type, and medication in four studies; and in relation to the presence and degree of ID in five studies. We conclude that the presence of epilepsy only was not a clear determinant of neuropsychiatric comorbidity in patients with ID, although a tendency towards negative mood symptoms was identified. Epilepsy-related factors indicating a more severe form of epilepsy were associated with neuropsychiatric comorbidity as was the presence of ID as compared to those without ID in patients with epilepsy, although this should be validated in future research. A large proportion of the studies in this area is associated with a substantial risk of bias. There is a need for high quality studies using standardized methods to enable clear conclusions to be drawn that might assist in improving the quality of care for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jans S van Ool
- Department of Residential Care, Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Center, P.O. Box 61, 5590AB Heeze, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Department of Neurology, Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, P.O. Box 61, 5590AB Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - In Y Tan
- Department of Residential Care, Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Center, P.O. Box 61, 5590AB Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P Aldenkamp
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Center, P.O. Box 61, 5590AB Heeze, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G M Hendriksen
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Center, P.O. Box 61, 5590AB Heeze, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurological Learning Disabilities, Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Center, P.O. Box 61, 5590AB Heeze, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Poppes P, van der Putten AAJ, ten Brug A, Vlaskamp C. Staff attributions of the causes of challenging behaviour in children and adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 48:95-102. [PMID: 26551595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study has shown that staff do not generally perceive challenging behaviour in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) as being of serious consequence. In this study we aimed to gain a better understanding of the causal explanations that direct care and support staff give for challenging behaviour in this group. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the way staff attribute challenging behaviour in children and adults with PIMD; and (2) to analyse whether more experienced staff attribute challenging behaviour in children and adults with PIMD differently than less experienced staff. In total, 195 direct support staff and an equal number of children and adults with PIMD participated in the study. Direct support staff filled out the Challenging behaviour Attribution Scale (five causal explanatory models of challenging behaviour) to explain challenging behaviour in one individual that they supported. The results show that direct support staff as a whole report the biomedical model as the most plausible explanation for challenging behaviour in children and adults with PIMD. However, in the present study the mean scores on all models are low. This might indicate that a large number of staff found none of the models particularly useful as possible explanations of challenging behaviour in people with PIMD. This could mean that staff have difficulties stating the cause of challenging behaviour in this group. Another possible explanation could be that there is little scientific knowledge about causing and maintaining factors of challenging behaviour in people with PIMD. It could also mean that staff have additional explanations for challenging behaviour in this target group that are not mentioned in the instrument used. Future research should address these issues. No differences were found between more experienced and less experienced direct support staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Poppes
- 's Heerenloo Zorggroep, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A A J van der Putten
- 's Heerenloo Zorggroep, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A ten Brug
- Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Vlaskamp
- Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evers LJM, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Candel MJJM, Boer H, Engelen JJM, Curfs LMG. Psychopathology in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome and moderate and severe intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:915-925. [PMID: 24528781 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with mild or borderline intellectual disability (ID). There are hardly any reports on subjects with 22q11DS with moderate or severe ID, and therefore its behavioural and psychiatric characteristics are unknown. METHOD We describe behavioural and psychiatric characteristics of 33 adults with 22q11DS and a Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) below 55. Participants were divided into two groups: one group having a FSIQ ≤ 55 caused by intellectual decline (n = 21) and one group with a FSIQ ≤ 55 who had always functioned at this level (n = 12). RESULTS High scores on psychopathology sub-scales were found for both subgroups. 22q11DS patients with intellectual decline showed higher rates of co-morbid psychopathology, particularly psychosis. Furthermore, psychosis and intellectual decline were positive correlated. CONCLUSION This is the first report addressing adult patients with 22q11DS and moderate to severe ID. Overall we found high levels of psychopathology with higher scores of psychopathology in the intellectual decline group. Life time psychosis seems to be related to deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J M Evers
- MFCG, Koraalgroup, Heel, The Netherlands; Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Campbell M, Robertson A, Jahoda A. Psychological therapies for people with intellectual disabilities: comments on a matrix of evidence for interventions in challenging behaviour. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:172-188. [PMID: 23106865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological therapies with a proven efficacy in the general population are being adapted for use with people who have intellectual disabilities in community settings. METHODS A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published between 1980 and 2010 was carried out, to identify the evidence base for effective psychological interventions in challenging behaviour. Relevant databases were searched using applied key terms. Evidence was graded, according to the quality of the research. A best-evidence Matrix was produced to improve guidance for service providers and practitioners in the range, volume and quality of psychological interventions. RESULTS There is a limited amount of efficacy research that meets the most stringent standards of empirical evidence. CONCLUSIONS It is important to broaden the evidence base and consider the context of psychological interventions, alongside the values underpinning care and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Campbell
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Petty JL, Bacarese-Hamilton M, Davies LE, Oliver C. Correlates of self-injurious, aggressive and destructive behaviour in children under five who are at risk of developmental delay. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:36-45. [PMID: 24216345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Several behavioural correlates of self-injury, aggression and destructive behaviour have been identified in children and young adults with intellectual disabilities. This cross-sectional study aimed to further explore these correlates in very young children with developmental delay. METHODS Parents of 56 children (40 male) under the age of five years (mean age 2 years 10 months) completed a questionnaire about their child's behaviour and the presence of behavioural correlates, including repetitive, over-active or impulsive behaviour and more severe developmental delay. RESULTS Parents reported very high prevalence of self-injurious, aggressive and destructive behaviour: 51%, 64% and 51%, respectively. A binary logistic regression revealed that a higher score on a measure of overactive and impulsive behaviour significantly predicted the presence of destructive behaviour. A multiple linear regression revealed that both repetitive behaviour and number of health problems approached significance as independent predictors of severe self-injurious behaviour. INTERPRETATION Despite the very small sample, several factors emerged as potential predictors of self-injurious, aggressive and destructive behaviour. These findings support the need for further investigation in a larger sample. Confirmation in this age group could help guide the development of targeted early intervention for these behaviours by identifying behavioural risk markers.
Collapse
|
17
|
The Family Context of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Influence on the Behavioral Phenotype and Quality of Life. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2014; 23:143-55. [PMID: 24231173 PMCID: PMC3891371 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the findings from a longitudinal program of research examining the bidirectional influences of the family environment on the behavioral phenotype of autism, and describes a newly developed family psychoeducation program, titled Transitioning Together, designed to reduce family stress, address behavior problems, and improve the overall quality of life of adolescents with autism and their families. A case study is presented that illustrates how Transitioning Together helps reduce family stress and improve the overall quality of the family environment. The article concludes with a discussion of directions for future research on best practices in working with families of children, adolescents, and adults with autism.
Collapse
|
18
|
Petrenko CLM. A Review of Intervention Programs to Prevent and Treat Behavioral Problems in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities. JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES 2013; 25:10.1007/s10882-013-9336-2. [PMID: 24222982 PMCID: PMC3821779 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-013-9336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Children with developmental disabilities are at higher risk for internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems than children in the general population. Effective prevention and treatment programs are necessary to reduce the burden of behavioral problems in this population. The current review identified 17 controlled trials of nine intervention programs for young children with developmental disabilities, with parent training the most common type of intervention in this population. Nearly all studies demonstrated medium to large intervention effects on child behavior post-intervention. Preliminary evidence suggests interventions developed for the general population can be effective for children with developmental disabilities and their families. A greater emphasis on the prevention of behavior problems in young children with developmental disabilities prior to the onset of significant symptoms or clinical disorders is needed. Multi-component interventions may be more efficacious for child behavior problems and yield greater benefits for parent and family adjustment. Recommendations for future research directions are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christie L. M. Petrenko
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh St., Rochester, NY 14608, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
McConkey R, Gent C, Scowcroft E. Perceptions of Effective Support Services to Families with Disabled Children whose Behaviour is Severely Challenging: A Multi-Informant Study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2013; 26:271-83. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy McConkey
- Institute of Nursing Research; University of Ulster; Newtownabbey UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Allen D, Langthorne P, Tonge B, Emerson E, McGill P, Fletcher R, Dosen A, Kennedy C. Towards the prevention of behavioural and psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2013; 26:501-14. [PMID: 23712642 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intervention for behavioural and psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities often only takes place once these conditions are well established and more resistant to change. As an alternative, this paper promotes a public health prevention model and maps out opportunities for intervention at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. The resulting model is partly derived from generic research into these issues and partly on specific evidence on interventions for people with intellectual disabilities; it also contains more theoretical considerations. The additional research that is necessary to demonstrate the efficacy of the interventions identified is also considered. Central to this proposal is a greater integration of issues for people with intellectual disabilities within much broader policy and research agendas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Allen
- Special Projects Team, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg Univerity Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Furniss F, Biswas AB. Recent research on aetiology, development and phenomenology of self-injurious behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and implications for treatment. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2012; 56:453-475. [PMID: 22369696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural interventions conceptualise self-injurious behaviour (SIB) as developing from early repetitive behaviours through acquisition of homeostatic functions in regulating stimulation and subsequent shaping into SIB through socially mediated or automatic operant reinforcement. Despite high success rates, such interventions rarely completely eliminate SIB, and overall effectiveness has not increased since the 1960s. METHODS Research (excluding studies of single genetic syndromes) on the early development, functional properties and phenomenology of SIB in persons with intellectual disabilities (IDs) published from 1999 to 2010 inclusive is reviewed. RESULTS Despite evidence to support the operant shaping hypothesis, in some cases tissue-damaging SIB, especially head-banging, emerges at a similar or younger age than stereotyped behaviours or 'proto-SIB', often associated with tantrums following frustrative non-reward and/or abrupt situational transitions. Many young children show undifferentiated patterns of responding in functional analyses of SIB, and SIB is associated with aggression and impulsivity as well as with repetitive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS One dynamic in the development of SIB may be Pavlovian conditioning of aggression, originally elicited by aversive events or frustrative non-reward, to stimuli associated with such situations. Integration into operant technology of interventions based on Pavlovian principles such as graduated exposure (with or without counterconditioning) to aversive stimuli may enhance the effectiveness of behavioural interventions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sanders MR. Development, Evaluation, and Multinational Dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2012; 8:345-79. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Center, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anderson DK, Maye MP, Lord C. Changes in maladaptive behaviors from midchildhood to young adulthood in autism spectrum disorder. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 116:381-397. [PMID: 21905806 PMCID: PMC3185304 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-116.5.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The current study prospectively examined trajectories of change in symptoms of irritability, hyperactivity, and social withdrawal, as well as predictors of such behaviors, for ages 9-18 years for youths with autism spectrum disorder and a comparison group with nonspectrum developmental delays. Children with more severe core features of autism had consistently higher irritability and hyperactivity scores over time than those with broader autism spectrum disorder and nonspectrum delays. Across all diagnoses, behaviors related to hyperactivity showed the greatest improvement. Social withdrawal worsened with age for a substantial proportion of youths with autism spectrum disorder but not for the nonspectrum comparison group. Compared with youths without autism spectrum disorder, children with the disorder showed greater heterogeneity in trajectories for maladaptive behaviors.
Collapse
|
24
|
Poppes P, van der Putten AJJ, Vlaskamp C. Frequency and severity of challenging behaviour in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2010; 31:1269-1275. [PMID: 20728304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The main goals of this study were to determine the prevalence, frequency and severity of challenging behaviour in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). Because in the literature several health problems and sensory impairments are associated with the onset and existence of challenging behaviour, this relationship was also examined. This study involved 181 people with PIMD (age: mean: 35; SD: 19, 56% male). The Behaviour Problem Inventory was used to determine prevalence, frequency and severity of self-injurious (SIB), stereotypical and aggressive/destructive behaviour, and an additional questionnaire was used to determine the presence of sensory impairments and health problems among the participants. Results show a prevalence of 82% for SIB and stereotypical behaviour in the sample. Aggressive/destructive behaviour was seen in 45% of the participants. Concerning the frequency, on average SIB occurs on a daily or weekly basis. Stereotypical behaviour is seen on a daily basis and aggressive/destructive behaviour is usually reported once a week. All three types of challenging behaviour also occur on an hourly basis. The severity of challenging behaviour is usually rated by staff as of minor consequence for the person with PIMD. Furthermore, a relationship was found between having visual, tactile or psychiatric problems and the occurrence of challenging behaviour. Participants with visual impairments, tactile impairments or psychiatric problems showed significantly higher mean scores regarding challenging behaviour. Challenging behaviour within the target group of people with PIMD is very common. The prevalence figures are high, but direct support professionals are not inclined to rate such behaviour as of serious consequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Poppes
- Department of Special Needs Education and Child Care, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Heyvaert M, Maes B, Onghena P. A meta-analysis of intervention effects on challenging behaviour among persons with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2010; 54:634-649. [PMID: 20492347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) often show challenging behaviour. We review distinct interventions that are applied to treat these challenging behaviours, and analyse intervention effects and moderating variables. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the databases ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Medline. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out, supplemented with sensitivity, subgroup, meta-regression and publication bias analyses. RESULTS Eighty potential articles were identified, from which 30 contained sufficient data to enable statistical meta-analysis. From these 30 studies, 18 described a biological, 13 a psychotherapeutic and nine a contextual intervention, either applied alone or combined. The overall standardised mean difference was 0.671 (SD = 0.051). As shown by sensitivity analysis, this summary effect size is robust. Assessed through subgroup and meta-regression analysis, all tested moderators showed no statistically significant association with the treatment effects. After applying a funnel plot-, a fail-safe N-, and Duval's and Tweedie's trim and fill-analysis, we conclude that our meta-analysis does not suffer much from publication bias effects. CONCLUSIONS Several biological, psychotherapeutic and contextual interventions effectively reduce challenging behaviours among persons with ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Heyvaert
- Centre for Methodology of Educational Research, Department of Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Matson JL, Fodstad JC, Mahan S, Rojahn J. Cut-offs, norms and patterns of problem behaviours in children with developmental disabilities on the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT-Part 3). Dev Neurorehabil 2010; 13:3-9. [PMID: 20067340 DOI: 10.3109/17518420903074887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Challenging behaviours present major impediments to a young child's life. Being able to properly assess these behaviours can lead to early intervention and remediation. METHOD In the present study, the problem behaviours of 644 children 17-37 months of age who were at risk for developmental disabilities were studied using the BISCUIT-Part 3. In study one, norms and cut-off scores were established for this new scale using this sample. In study 2, the frequency and patterns of various challenging behaviours were evaluated. RESULTS The majority of developmentally delayed children who had severe challenging behaviours engaged in aggressive/destructive acts. However, severe problem behaviours were in the minority of occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes suggest that these behaviours can be identified at an early age using a validated instrument tool. Implications are that pinpointing emerging problematic behaviours allows for a more accurate assessment of the delayed child's overall functioning. Being able to pinpoint behaviour problems allows for earlier and more effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Louisiana State University, Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA 70816, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|