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Bai X, Qu H, Zhang J, Li L, Zhang C, Li S, Li G. Effect of steviol glycosides as natural sweeteners on glucose metabolism in adult participants. Food Funct 2024; 15:3908-3919. [PMID: 38512280 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides (SGs) are recognized as safe natural sweeteners; however, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed an inconclusive effect of SGs on glucose metabolism in adult participants. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to assess the effect of SGs on glucose metabolism. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE to include eligible RCTs. Our primary outcomes were differences between SGs and the control group with respect to changes in blood glucose from the baseline to the end of intervention (including fasting blood glucose [FBG], and HbA1c measurements). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for data synthesis to calculate the pooled mean difference (MD). There were twelve RCTs included for analyses with a total of 871 participants (48% females). A significant effect of SGs on FBG (MD = -4.10 mg dl-1, 95% CI -6.55 to -1.65) was found, while no significant difference in HbA1c (MD = 0.01%, 95% CI -0.12% to 0.13%) was observed between SGs and controls. The whole quality of evidence was rated as low. Subgroup analyses demonstrated favorable effects of SGs on FBG in participants aged ≤50 years, those without diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension at the baseline, and overweight and obese adults. Sensitivity analyses yielded results largely similar to the main findings. To conclude, SGs are found to produce significant improvement in glucose metabolism in adult participants when compared with the control. More evidence is required to further clarify and support the benefit of SGs as a sugar substitute for glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Bai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Qu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Likang Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changfa Zhang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Zhang JH, Xie HX, Li Y, Wang KM, Song Z, Zhu KK, Fang L, Zhang J, Jiang CS. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel (E)-2-benzylidene-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128413. [PMID: 34634473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this present study, a series of novel (E)-2-benzylidene-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide derivatives against α-glucosidase were designed and synthesized, and their biological activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Most of the designed analogues exhibited better inhibitory activity than the marketed acarbose, especially the most potent compound 7 with an IC50 value of 9.26 ± 1.84 μM. The direct binding of 7 and 8 with α-glucosidase was confirmed by fluorescence quenching experiments, and the kinetic and molecular docking studies revealed that 7 and 8 inhibited α-glucosidase in a non-competitive manner. Cytotoxicity bioassay indicated compounds 7 and 8 were non-toxic towards LO2 and HepG2 at 100 μM. Furthermore, both compounds were demonstrated to have in vivo hypoglycemic activity by reducing the blood glucose levels in sucrose-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-He Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hong-Xu Xie
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Kai-Ming Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhiling Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Kong-Kai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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3
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Sherafati M, Mirzazadeh R, Barzegari E, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Azizian H, Sadegh Asgari M, Hosseini S, Zabihi E, Mojtabavi S, Ali Faramarzi M, Mahdavi M, Larijani B, Rastegar H, Hamedifar H, Hamed Hajimiri M. Quinazolinone-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran hybrids as new α-glucosidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, enzymatic inhibition, docking study and prediction of pharmacokinetic. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104703. [PMID: 33609917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of new quinazolinone-dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran derivatives 10A-L were synthesized by simple chemical reactions and were investigated for inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. New synthesized compounds showed high α-glucosidase inhibition effects in comparison to the standard drug acarbose and were inactive against α-amylase. Among them, the most potent compound was compound 10L (IC50 value = 40.1 ± 0.6 µM) with inhibitory activity around 18.75-fold more than acarboase (IC50 value = 750.0 ± 12.5 µM). This compound was a competitive inhibitor into α-glucosidase. Our obtained experimental results were confirmed by docking studies. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the most potent compounds 10L, 10G, and 10N against normal fibroblast cells and in silico druglikeness, ADME, and toxicity prediction of these compounds were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Sherafati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Barzegari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samanesadat Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zabihi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mojtabavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Cosmetic Products Research Center, Iranian Food and Drug Administration, MOHE, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mir Hamed Hajimiri
- Nano Alvand Company, Avicenna Tech Park, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Xu SN, Zhou X, Zhu CJ, Qin W, Zhu J, Zhang KL, Li HJ, Xing L, Lian K, Li CX, Sun Z, Wang ZQ, Zhang AJ, Cao HL. Nϵ-Carboxymethyl-Lysine Deteriorates Vascular Calcification in Diabetic Atherosclerosis Induced by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Foam Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:626. [PMID: 32499695 PMCID: PMC7243476 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nϵ-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end product, is involved in vascular calcification (VC) in diabetic atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CML on VC in diabetic atherosclerosis induced by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)–derived foam cells. Human studies, animal studies and cell studies were performed. The human study results from 100 patients revealed a poor blood glucose and lipid status and more severe coronary lesions and stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin combined with a high-fat diet was used to build a diabetic atherosclerosis model in ApoE−/− mice. The animal study results indicated that CML accelerated VC progression in diabetic atherosclerosis by accelerating the accumulation of VSMC-derived foam cells in ApoE−/− mice. The cell study results illustrated that CML induced VSMC-derived foam cells apoptosis and aggravated foam cells calcification. Consistent with this finding, calcium content and the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and runt-related transcription factor 2 were significantly elevated in A7r5 cells treated with oxidation-low-density lipoprotein and CML. Thus, we concluded that CML promoted VSMC-derived foam cells calcification to aggravate VC in diabetic atherosclerosis, providing evidence for the contribution of foam cells to diabetic VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Ning Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cun-Jun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Luan Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Luan, China
| | - Ke-Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Jin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng-Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - An-Ji Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Ling Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Li S, Zhan JK, Wang YJ, Lin X, Zhong JY, Wang Y, Tan P, He JY, Cui XJ, Chen YY, Huang W, Liu YS. Exosomes from hyperglycemia-stimulated vascular endothelial cells contain versican that regulate calcification/senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:1. [PMID: 30622695 PMCID: PMC6317223 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine whether and how exosomes from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-Exos) regulates vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification/senescence in high glucose condition. Methods HUVEC-Exos were isolated from normal glucose (NG) and high glucose (HG) stimulated HUVECs (NG/HG-HUVEC-Exos) by super speed centrifugation. HUVEC-Exos were identified by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot of CD63. Protein profile in HUVEC-Exos was examined to screen the candidate molecules that mediate HUVEC-Exos function. VSMCs were incubated with HUVEC-Exos. A series of functional assays in vitro were performed to assess the effects of HUVEC-Exos on the calcification/senescence of VSMCs. The role of the candidate protein in HUVEC-Exos-induced VSMCs dysfunction was assessed. Results Exosomes isolated from HG-HUVEC-Exos induced calcification/senescence in VSMCs as assessed by Alizarin Red Staining, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, and the expression of ALP and p21. HG-HUVEC-Exos significantly increased LDH activity, as well as the product of lipid peroxidation (MDA content), and decreased oxidative stress marker activity, as compared with NG-HUVEC-Exos. Moreover, mechanism studies showed that mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression levels of mitochondrial function related protein HADHA and Cox-4 were significantly decreased in HG-HUVEC-Exos compared to controls. Proteomic analysis showed that HG-HUVEC-Exos consisted of higher level of versican (VCAN), as compared with NG-HUVEC-Exos. Observation under laser confocal microscopy revealed that most green fluorescence of VCAN could overlap with the red fluorescence came from mitochondria, indicating VCAN is mainly localized to the mitochondria of VSMCs. Knockdown of VCAN with siRNA in HUVECs, inhibited HG-HUVEC-Exos-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and calcification/senescence of VSMCs. Conclusions Our data indicate an intracellular role for VCAN in VSMCs. VCAN participates in hyperglycemia-induced calcification/senescence via modulation of mitochondrial function in VSMCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-018-0263-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Kun Zhan
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jiao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yu He
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jun Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan People's Republic of China
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Szadkowska A, Michalak A, Chylińska-Frątczak A, Baranowska-Jaźwiecka A, Koptas M, Pietrzak I, Hogendorf A, Zmysłowska A, Młynarski W, Mianowska B. Achieving target levels for vascular risk parameters in Polish school-age children with type 1 diabetes - a single center study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:1073-1079. [PMID: 30240358 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Therapeutic goals have been established to decrease the risk of long-term complications of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The effects of these guidelines should be constantly evaluated. Hence, the present study examines the frequency at which children with T1DM treated by one of the Polish reference centers complied with the therapeutic targets issued in 2014 by the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) and by the Diabetes Poland (PTD). Methods A retrospective analysis (years 2011-2014) was performed in patients with T1DM aged 6.5-18 years, with diabetes duration >12 months and no change of insulin regimen within 6 months. Collected data included insulin therapy regimen, weight, height, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level from the last hospitalization. Results The records of 447 patients (260 boys, 299 treated with insulin pump) were analyzed. All ISPAD goals were achieved by 123 (27.5%) patients, but only 43 (9.6%) met all PTD targets. Optimal HbA1c was achieved by 224 (50.1%) according to ISPAD criteria (HbA1c<7.5%) and by 87 (19.6%) patients according to PTD (HbA1c≤6.5%). Obesity was diagnosed in 11.6% of the patients; 19.7% of the patients were overweight. In logistic regression, patient age was the only independent predictor of failing to achieve complete T1DM control (p=0.001, OR=1.12 [1.05-1.23]) and optimal HbA1c (p=0.01, OR=1.1 [1.0-1.2]) according to ISPAD guidelines. Moreover, girls had a greater risk of failing body mass index (BMI) targets (PTD: p=0.002, OR=2.16; ISPAD: p=0.0001, OR=3.37) and LDL-C targets (p=0.005, OR=1.8) than boys. Conclusions Overall, control of vascular risk factors in Polish children with T1DM is unsatisfactory. While too few children are achieving the HbA1c target set by PTD, it is possible that such strict national target helps half of the Polish school-age patients achieve ISPAD-issued aim which is more liberal. High prevalence of overweight among children with T1DM warrants initiatives focused not only on glycemic control but also on motivation of patients to lead a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szadkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, E-mail:
| | - Arkadiusz Michalak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Chylińska-Frątczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Baranowska-Jaźwiecka
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Koptas
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Pietrzak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Hogendorf
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zmysłowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Mianowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Ma WQ, Han XQ, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu Y, Liu NF. Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine promotes calcium deposition in VSMCs via intracellular oxidative stress-induced PDK4 activation and alters glucose metabolism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112841-112854. [PMID: 29348870 PMCID: PMC5762555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and vascular calcification are intrinsically linked. We previously reported that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accelerate calcium deposition in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via excessive oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is an important mitochondrial matrix enzyme in cellular energy metabolism. Since hyperactivation of PDK4 has been reported in calcified vessels and in patients with diabetes mellitus, inhibition of PDK4 expression may be a strategy for the prevention of diabetic vascular calcification. In this study, we used a rat VSMC model to investigate the role of PDK4 in diabetic vascular calcification and further explore the underlying mechanisms. We observed that Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), which is a major immunogen of AGEs, accelerated calcium deposition in VSMCs through PDK4 activation. An elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) acted as a signal transduction intermediate to increase PDK4 expression. Either inhibition of PDK4 expression or RAGE (receptor for AGEs) blockade attenuated CML-induced VSMC calcification, as shown by decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression. Glucose consumption and lactate production were increased during CML-induced VSMC calcification. Importantly, CML accelerates glycolysis in VSMCs via a PDK4-dependent pathway. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which CML promotes VSMC calcification via PDK4 activation and alters glucose metabolism in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Qiong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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8
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Mor A, Dekkers OM, Nielsen JS, Beck-Nielsen H, Sørensen HT, Thomsen RW. Impact of Glycemic Control on Risk of Infections in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:227-236. [PMID: 28459981 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections are a major clinical challenge for type 2 diabetes patients, but little is known about the impact of glycemic control. We used Cox regression analyses to examine the association between baseline and time-varying hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values and development of community antiinfective-agent-treated and hospital-treated infections in 69,318 patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 in Northern Denmark. Incidence rates were 394/1,000 patient-years for community-treated infections and 63/1,000 patient-years for hospital-treated infections. The adjusted hazard ratios for community-treated infection at an HbA1c level of ≥10.50%, as compared with 5.50%-<6.49%, were 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94, 1.00) for HbA1c measured at early baseline, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.14) for updated mean HbA1c, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.19) for updated time-weighted mean HbA1c, and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.26) for the latest updated HbA1c. Corresponding estimates for hospital-treated infections were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.14) for early baseline HbA1c, 1.55 (95% CI: 1.42, 1.71) for updated mean HbA1c, 1.58 (95% CI: 1.44, 1.72) for updated time-weighted mean HbA1c, and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.51, 1.79) for the latest updated HbA1c. Our findings provide evidence for an association between current hyperglycemia and infection risk in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Svensk E, Devkota R, Ståhlman M, Ranji P, Rauthan M, Magnusson F, Hammarsten S, Johansson M, Borén J, Pilon M. Caenorhabditis elegans PAQR-2 and IGLR-2 Protect against Glucose Toxicity by Modulating Membrane Lipid Composition. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005982. [PMID: 27082444 PMCID: PMC4833288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the worldwide impact of diabetes on human health, the mechanisms behind glucose toxicity remain elusive. Here we show that C. elegans mutants lacking paqr-2, the worm homolog of the adiponectin receptors AdipoR1/2, or its newly identified functional partner iglr-2, are glucose intolerant and die in the presence of as little as 20 mM glucose. Using FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) on living worms, we found that cultivation in the presence of glucose causes a decrease in membrane fluidity in paqr-2 and iglr-2 mutants and that genetic suppressors of this sensitivity act to restore membrane fluidity by promoting fatty acid desaturation. The essential roles of paqr-2 and iglr-2 in the presence of glucose are completely independent from daf-2 and daf-16, the C. elegans homologs of the insulin receptor and its downstream target FoxO, respectively. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation, we also show that PAQR-2 and IGLR-2 interact on plasma membranes and thus may act together as a fluidity sensor that controls membrane lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Svensk
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ranjan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Parmida Ranji
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manish Rauthan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Magnusson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Hammarsten
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maja Johansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Pilon
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Nordwall M, Abrahamsson M, Dhir M, Fredrikson M, Ludvigsson J, Arnqvist HJ. Impact of HbA1c, followed from onset of type 1 diabetes, on the development of severe retinopathy and nephropathy: the VISS Study (Vascular Diabetic Complications in Southeast Sweden). Diabetes Care 2015; 38:308-15. [PMID: 25510400 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HbA1c is strongly related to the development of diabetes complications, but it is still controversial which HbA1c level to strive for in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate HbA1c, followed from diagnosis, as a predictor of severe microvascular complications and to formulate HbA1c target levels for treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A longitudinal observation study followed an unselected population of 451 patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during 1983-1987 before the age of 35 years in a region of Southeast Sweden. Retinopathy was evaluated by fundus photography and nephropathy data collected from medical records. HbA1c was measured starting from diagnosis and during the whole follow-up period of 20-24 years. Long-term weighted mean HbA1c was then calculated. Complications were analyzed in relation to HbA1c levels. RESULTS The incidence of proliferative retinopathy and persistent macroalbuminuria increased sharply and occurred earlier with increasing long-term mean HbA1c. None of the 451 patients developed proliferative retinopathy or persistent macroalbuminuria below long-term weighted mean HbA1c 7.6% (60 mmol/mol); 51% of the patients with long-term mean HbA1c above 9.5% (80 mmol/mol) developed proliferative retinopathy and 23% persistent macroalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Long-term weighted mean HbA1c, measured from diagnosis, is closely associated with the development of severe complications in type 1 diabetes. Keeping HbA1c below 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) as a treatment target seems to prevent proliferative retinopathy and persistent macroalbuminuria for up to 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nordwall
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mariann Abrahamsson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Meryl Dhir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Fredrikson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and Linköping Academic Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans J Arnqvist
- Department of Endocrinology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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11
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Cederberg H, Gylling H, Miettinen TA, Paananen J, Vangipurapu J, Pihlajamäki J, Kuulasmaa T, Stančáková A, Smith U, Kuusisto J, Laakso M. Non-cholesterol sterol levels predict hyperglycemia and conversion to type 2 diabetes in Finnish men. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67406. [PMID: 23840693 PMCID: PMC3696087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the levels of non-cholesterol sterols as predictors for the development of hyperglycemia (an increase in the glucose area under the curve in an oral glucose tolerance test) and incident type 2 diabetes in a 5-year follow-up study of a population-based cohort of Finnish men (METSIM Study, N = 1,050) having non-cholesterol sterols measured at baseline. Additionally we determined the association of 538,265 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with non-cholesterol sterol levels in a cross-sectional cohort of non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetes (the Kuopio cohort of the EUGENE2 Study, N = 273). We found that in a cross-sectional METSIM Study the levels of sterols indicating cholesterol absorption were reduced as a function of increasing fasting glucose levels, whereas the levels of sterols indicating cholesterol synthesis were increased as a function of increasing 2-hour glucose levels. A cholesterol synthesis marker desmosterol significantly predicted an increase, and two absorption markers (campesterol and avenasterol) a decrease in the risk of hyperglycemia and incident type 2 diabetes in a 5-year follow-up of the METSIM cohort, mainly attributable to insulin sensitivity. A SNP of ABCG8 was associated with fasting plasma glucose levels in a cross-sectional study but did not predict hyperglycemia or incident type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, the levels of some, but not all non-cholesterol sterols are markers of the worsening of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Cederberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Helena Gylling
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu A. Miettinen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail:
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12
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Minze MG, Klein MS, Terrell BT. Saxagliptin and Metformin in Fixed Combination for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 6:15-24. [PMID: 23966808 PMCID: PMC3738378 DOI: 10.4137/cmed.s8510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality of those affected by it. Current guidelines recommend individualized treatment regimens following first line metformin therapy. Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor, provides a secondary mechanism of action to decrease hyperglycemia when used in combination with metformin. The combination of metformin and saxagliptin has shown improvements in hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose in greater efficacy than when either agent is used alone. Adverse effects of combination therapy are similar to when these agents are used individually, and are rated as tolerable by patient satisfaction scores. Overall, the combination use of saxagliptin in addition to metformin is an attractive option for clinicians to use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly G. Minze
- School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Mary S. Klein
- School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Brian T. Terrell
- School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas
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13
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Cherbuin N, Anstey KJ. Could ignoring higher blood sugar levels in the normal range in nondiabetics compromise cerebral health? FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Building 63, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Building 63, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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