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Wang Z, Lian W, Chen C, Dai Q, Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Wang X. Network pharmacology and experimental verification revealing valnemulin alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting intestinal senescence. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112810. [PMID: 39151382 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is increasing in prevalence globally. Senescence is characterized by a specific chronic, low-grade, "sterile" inflammatory state known as inflammaging, suggesting that senescence may exacerbate the severity of UC. However, the link between UC and senescence remains unclear. Valnemulin (VAL) is a semi-synthetic derivative of a naturally occurring diterpenoid antibiotic (pleuromutilin), which can inhibit peptidyl transferase. Studies investigating the potential of valnemulin to inhibit senescence and alleviate colitis are currently limited. In this study, we revealed that dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), an inducer of UC, induces senescence in both colon epithelial NCM460 cells and colon tissues. Additionally, VAL, identified from a compound library, exhibited robust anti-senescence activity in DSS-treated NCM460 cells. Identified in our study as an anti-senescence agent, VAL effectively mitigated DSS-induced UC and colonic senescence in mice. Through network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation, the potential signaling pathway (AMPK/NF-κB) for VAL in treating UC was identified. We discovered that DSS significantly inhibited the AMPK signaling pathway and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, supplementation with VAL remarkably restored AMPK activity and inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, which led to the inhibition of senescence. In summary, our study demonstrated that DSS-induced UC stimulates the senescence of colonic tissues, and VAL can effectively alleviate DSS-induced colonic damage and reduce colonic senescence. Our research findings provide a new perspective for targeting anti-senescence in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Wei Lian
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Cui Chen
- Qujing Medical College, Qujing, Yunnan, 655011, China
| | - Qianlong Dai
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Zhenlin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
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Lancheros Porras KD, Alves IA, Novoa DMA. PBPK Modeling as an Alternative Method of Interspecies Extrapolation that Reduces the Use of Animals: A Systematic Review. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:102-126. [PMID: 37031391 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230408201849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a computational approach that simulates the anatomical structure of the studied species and presents the organs and tissues as compartments interconnected by arterial and venous blood flows. AIM The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the published articles focused on the development of PBPK models for interspecies extrapolation in the disposition of drugs and health risk assessment, presenting to this modeling an alternative to reduce the use of animals. METHODS For this purpose, a systematic search was performed in PubMed using the following search terms: "PBPK" and "Interspecies extrapolation". The revision was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS In the analysis of the articles, it was found that rats and mice are the most commonly used animal models in the PBPK models; however, most of the physiological and physicochemical information used in the reviewed studies were obtained from previous publications. Additionally, most of the PBPK models were developed to extrapolate pharmacokinetic parameters to humans and the main application of the models was for toxicity testing. CONCLUSION PBPK modeling is an alternative that allows the integration of in vitro and in silico data as well as parameters reported in the literature to predict the pharmacokinetics of chemical substances, reducing in large quantity the use of animals that are required in traditional studies.
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Zhou K, Liu A, Ma W, Sun L, Mi K, Xu X, Algharib SA, Xie S, Huang L. Apply a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Promote the Development of Enrofloxacin Granules: Predict Withdrawal Interval and Toxicity Dose. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080955. [PMID: 34439005 PMCID: PMC8388861 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR) granules were developed to prevent and control the infections caused by foodborne zoonotic intestinal pathogens in our previous studies. To promote the further development of ENR granules and standardize their usage in pigs, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of the ENR granule in pigs was built to determine the withdrawal time (WT) and evaluate the toxicity to pigs. Meanwhile, the population WT was determined by a Monte Carlo analysis to guarantee pork safety. The fitting results of the model showed that the tissue residual concentrations of ENR, ciprofloxacin, and ENR plus ciprofloxacin were all well predicted by the built PBPK model (R2 > 0.82). When comparing with the EMA's WT1.4 software method, the final WT (6 d) of the ENR granules in the population of pigs was well predicted. Moreover, by combining the cytotoxicity concentration (225.9 µg/mL) of ENR against pig hepatocytes, the orally safe dosage range (≤130 mg/kg b.w.) of the ENR granules to pigs was calculated based on the validated PBPK model. The well-predicted WTs and a few uses in animals proved that the PBPK model is a potential tool for promoting the judicious use of antimicrobial agents and evaluating the toxicity of the veterinary antimicrobial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Zhou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (A.L.); (W.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Aimei Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (A.L.); (W.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Wenjin Ma
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (A.L.); (W.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Lei Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (A.L.); (W.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (A.L.); (W.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Xiangyue Xu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (A.L.); (W.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (A.L.); (W.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (A.L.); (W.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.Z.); (A.L.); (W.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (X.X.); (S.A.A.); (S.X.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8728-7186
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Lin Z, Li M, Wang YS, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part I: Cattle and swine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 43:385-420. [PMID: 32270548 PMCID: PMC7540321 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for chemicals in food animals are a useful tool in estimating chemical tissue residues and withdrawal intervals. Physiological parameters such as organ weights and blood flows are an important component of a PBPK model. The objective of this study was to compile PBPK‐related physiological parameter data in food animals, including cattle and swine. Comprehensive literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Relevant literature was reviewed and tables of relevant parameters such as relative organ weights (% of body weight) and relative blood flows (% of cardiac output) were compiled for different production classes of cattle and swine. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter were calculated to characterize their variability and uncertainty and to allow investigators to conduct population PBPK analysis via Monte Carlo simulations. Regression equations using weight or age were created for parameters having sufficient data. These compiled data provide a comprehensive physiological parameter database for developing PBPK models of chemicals in cattle and swine to support animal‐derived food safety assessment. This work also provides a basis to compile data in other food animal species, including goats, sheep, chickens, and turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yu-Shin Wang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Thomas W Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Lautz L, Oldenkamp R, Dorne J, Ragas A. Physiologically based kinetic models for farm animals: Critical review of published models and future perspectives for their use in chemical risk assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Zhu X, Xu S, Lu L, Wang S, Zhao Q, Li D, Li J, Zhao H, Xu B. Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of a polymorphic form of valnemulin hydrogen tartrate. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e16. [PMID: 30944538 PMCID: PMC6441808 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared a polymorphic form of valnemulin hydrogen tartrate (Form I) to overcome the instability and irritating odor of valnemulin hydrochloride that affect its use in the production and application of veterinary drugs. The physicochemical properties of Form I were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed the crystal structure and thermal properties of Form I were very different from those of a commercially available form of valnemulin hydrogen tartrate (Form II). Form I and Form II were more stable than valnemulin hydrochloride after storage under irradiation and high humidity conditions, respectively. The solubility of Form I was 2.6 times that of Form II, and Form I was selected for use in pharmaceutical kinetics experiments in vivo. Compared to valnemulin hydrochloride, after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg in pigs, Form I had similar pharmaceutical kinetic behavior but a slightly higher area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration. Consequently, Form I should be suitable for the development of simple formulations and be effective in the clinical application of veterinary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Zhu
- Safety Assessment Department, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Safety Assessment Department, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lianshou Lu
- Safety Assessment Department, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shensen Wang
- Safety Assessment Department, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Safety Assessment Department, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dan Li
- Safety Assessment Department, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Li
- Safety Assessment Department, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Safety Assessment Department, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingen Xu
- Safety Assessment Department, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Henze LJ, Koehl NJ, O'Shea JP, Kostewicz ES, Holm R, Griffin BT. The pig as a preclinical model for predicting oral bioavailability and in vivo performance of pharmaceutical oral dosage forms: a PEARRL review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:581-602. [PMID: 29635685 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In pharmaceutical drug development, preclinical tests in animal models are essential to demonstrate whether the new drug is orally bioavailable and to gain a first insight into in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters that can subsequently be used to predict human values. Despite significant advances in the development of bio-predictive in vitro models and increasing ethical expectations for reducing the number of animals used for research purposes, there is still a need for appropriately selected pre-clinical in vivo testing to provide guidance on the decision to progress to testing in humans. The selection of the appropriate animal models is essential both to maximise the learning that can be obtained from such experiments and to avoid unnecessary testing in a range of species. KEY FINDINGS The present review, provides an insight into the suitability of the pig model for predicting oral bioavailability in humans, by comparing the conditions in the GIT. It also contains a comparison between the bioavailability of compounds dosed to both humans and pigs, to provide an insight into the relative correlation and examples on why a lack of correlation may be observed. SUMMARY While there is a general trend towards predicting human bioavailability from pig data, there is considerable variability in the data set, most likely reflecting species specific differences in individual drug metabolism. Nonetheless, the correlation between pigs vs. humans was comparable to that reported for dogs vs. humans. The presented data demonstrate the suitability of the pig as a preclinical model to predict bioavailability in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Henze
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niklas J Koehl
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Edmund S Kostewicz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
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Dong X, Shu X, Wang Y, Niu Z, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zhao S. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro release performance of the pegylated valnemulin prodrug. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:173-180. [PMID: 29187697 PMCID: PMC5797878 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Valnemulin, successfully developed by Sandoz in 1984, is a new generation derivative of pleuromutilin related to tiamulin. Valnemulin has low water-solubility, a short half-life period,
low bioavailability, and instability. The application of valnemulin was restricted. Therefore, finding a more moderate delivery system is necessary to improve the shortcomings of
valnemulin. The purpose of the study was to improve the strong stability and the irritation caused by of valnemulin hydrochloride power through pegylated-valnemulin
prodrug mode. The prepared pegylated-valnemulin prodrug was characterized and evaluated by in vitro release performance under buffer solutions with pH levels of 7.4 and 3.6. The loading
rate of valnemulin in PEG-succinic-valnemulin prodrug was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC with evaporative light
scattering detector was applied to determine the amount of PEG-succinic acid. The loading rate of valnemulin in PEG-succinic-valnemulin prodrug was 6.46%.
PEG-succinic-valnemulin prodrug demonstrated a satisfactory solubility of valnemulin with 523 mg·ml−1 and excellent stability verified by the stability
experiment. The result of the in vitro release test showed that the prepared PEG-valnemulin prodrug has controlled release ability and the release rate of valnemulin
from PEG-valnemulin prodrug with a pH of 7.4 was 64.98%, which was higher than that of pH3.6 with release rate of 31.90%. Therefore, the prepared PEG-succinic-valnemulin prodrug has
great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Dong
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xueye Shu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zhaohuan Niu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Shixia Xu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drugs, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Yuhua East Road, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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9
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Li M, Gehring R, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Development and application of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for penicillin G in swine and cattle for food safety assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Sun F, Fan R, Wang J, Xiong L, Shen J, Zhang S, Cao X. Pharmacokinetics of valnemulin after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration in layer chickens. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:415-418. [PMID: 28205246 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic characteristics of valnemulin in layer chickens were studied after single intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. Plasma samples at certain time points were collected and the drug concentrations in them by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The concentration-time data for each individual were plotted by noncompartmental analysis for the whole three routes. Following intravenous administration, the plasma concentration showed tiny fluctuation. The elimination half-life (T1/2λz), total body clearance (Cl), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were 1.85 ± 0.43 h, 2.2 ± 0.9 L/h, and 7.52 ± 2.46 μg·h/mL, respectively. Following intramuscular administration, the peak concentration (Cmax , 1.40 ± 0.43 μg/mL) was achieved at the time of 0.34 h. A multiple-peak phenomenon existed after oral administration, and the first peak and secondary peak were at 10 min and during 2-4 h, respectively, while the tertiary peak appeared during 5-15 h. The bioavailability (F %) for intramuscular and oral administration was 68.60% and 52.64%, respectively. In present study, the detailed pharmacokinetic profiles showed that this drug is widely distributed and rapidly eliminated, however has a low bioavailability, indicating that valnemulin is likely to be a favorable choice in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - R Fan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - L Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J Shen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Zhu X, Huang L, Xu Y, Xie S, Pan Y, Chen D, Liu Z, Yuan Z. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for quinocetone in pigs and extrapolation to mequindox. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:192-210. [PMID: 28001497 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1258121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Taverne FJ, van Geijlswijk IM, Heederik DJJ, Wagenaar JA, Mouton JW. Modelling concentrations of antimicrobial drugs: comparative pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antimicrobials and accuracy of allometric scaling in food-producing and companion animals. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:185. [PMID: 27596044 PMCID: PMC5011836 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To optimize antimicrobial dosing in different animal species, pharmacokinetic information is necessary. Due to the plethora of cephalosporin antimicrobials and animal species in which they are used, assessment of pharmacokinetics in all species is unfeasible. In this study we aimed to describe pharmacokinetic data of cephalosporins by reviewing the available literature for food producing and companion animal species. We assessed the accuracy of interspecies extrapolation using allometric scaling techniques to determine pharmacokinetic characteristics of cephalosporins in animal species for which literature data is unavailable. We assessed the accuracy of allometric scaling by comparing the predicted and the published pharmacokinetic value in an animal species/humans not included in the allometric modelling. Results In general, excretion of cephalosporins takes place mainly through renal mechanisms in the unchanged form and volume of distribution is limited in all animal species. Differences in plasma protein binding capacity and elimination half-life are observed but available information was limited. Using allometric scaling, correlations between body weight (BW) and volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (Cl) were R2 > 0.97 and R2 > 0.95 respectively for ceftazidime, ceftiofur, cefquinome and cefepime but not ceftriaxone. The allometric exponent ranged from 0.80 to 1.31 for Vd and 0.83 to 1.24 for Cl. Correlations on half-life ranged from R2 0.07–0.655 (literature) and R2 0.102–0.876 (calculated). Conclusions Allometric scaling can be applied for interspecies extrapolation of cephalosporin pharmacokinetic parameters Vd and Cl, but not elimination half-life. We hypothesize that the accuracy could be improved by using more refined scaling techniques. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0817-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke J Taverne
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 106, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingeborg M van Geijlswijk
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 106, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen UR, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Mouton
- The Netherlands Veterinary Medicines Authority (SDa), Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Chen M, Shi C, Zhao J, Gao Z, Zhang C. Application and microbial preparation of D-valine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:171. [PMID: 27565781 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
D-Valine is an important organic chiral source and has extensive industrial application, which is used as intermediate for the synthesis of agricultural pesticides, semi-synthetic veterinary antibiotics and pharmaceutical drugs. Its derivatives have shown great activity in clinical use, such as penicillamine for the treatment of immune-deficiency diseases, and actinomycin D for antitumor therapy. Fluvalinate, a pyrethroid pesticide made from D-valine, is a broad-spectrum insecticide with low mammalian toxicity. Valnemulin, a semi-synthetic pleuromutilin derivative synthesized from D-valine, is an antibiotic for animals. Moreover, D-valine is also used in cell culture for selectively inhibiting fibroblasts proliferation. Due to its widespread application, D-valine is gaining more and more attention and some approaches for D-valine preparation have been investigated. In comparison with other approaches, microbial preparation of D-valine is more competitive and promising because of its high stereo selectivity, mild reaction conditions and environmental friendly process. So far, microbial preparation of D-valine can be mainly classified into three categories: microbial asymmetric degradation of DL-valine, microbial stereoselective hydrolysis of N-acyl-DL-valine by D-aminoacylase, and microbial specific hydrolysis of DL-5-isopropylhydantoin by D-hydantoinase coupled with D-carbamoylase. In this paper, the industrial application of D-valine and its microbial preparation are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Gao
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzhi Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Lin Z, Gehring R, Mochel JP, Lavé T, Riviere JE. Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health – Part
II
: principles, methods, applications, and value of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in veterinary medicine and food safety assessment. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:421-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM) Department of Anatomy and Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA
| | - R. Gehring
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM) Department of Anatomy and Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA
| | - J. P. Mochel
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development Roche Innovation Center Basel Switzerland
| | - T. Lavé
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development Roche Innovation Center Basel Switzerland
| | - J. E. Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM) Department of Anatomy and Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA
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15
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Zhou YF, Yu Y, Sun J, Tao MT, Zhou WJ, Li X, Liao XP, Liu YH. Ex vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of valnemulin against Clostridium perfringens in plasma, the small intestinal and caecal contents of rabbits. Anaerobe 2016; 39:150-7. [PMID: 27060276 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic (PK) and ex vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) of valnemulin against Clostridium perfringens were investigated in plasma, the small intestinal and caecal contents of rabbits following intravenous (IV) or oral administration at 3 mg/kg bodyweight (BW). The postantibiotic effect (PAE) and postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PA-SME) of valnemulin against C. perfringens ATCC13124 were also determined. The time-kill curves were established in vitro and ex vivo to evaluate the antibacterial activity of valnemulin against C. perfringens. The elimination half-lives (T1/2λz) of valnemulin in the jejunal fluids (7.82 h) or caecal contents (14.8 h) of rabbits was significantly longer than that in plasma (2.94 h). The MIC values of valnemulin against C. perfringens ATCC13124 were both 0.063 μg/mL in the artificial medium and jejunal fluids. The PAEs of valnemulin against C. perfringens were 2.9 h (1 × MIC) and 5.03 h (4 × MIC), and the PA-SMEs ranged from 7.9 h to 11.1 h. Valnemulin exhibited rapid, time-dependent killing feature, and the ex vivo dose-response profile was closely fitted to sigmoid Emax model (r(2) = 0.9985). The surrogate index of AUC24 h/MIC ratios required to achieve the bactericidal and virtual bacterial elimination effects were 57.5 and 90.1 h, respectively. Accordingly, the calculated daily dosage regimens of valnemulin for the bactericidal activity (1.96 mg/kg) and bacterial elimination (3.08 mg/kg) would be therapeutically effective in rabbits against C. perfringens with MIC ≤0.5 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Zhou
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Yu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng-Ting Tao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Fluorescence polarization immunoassay using IgY antibodies for detection of valnemulin in swine tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7843-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Yuan LG, Tang YZ, Zhang YX, Sun J, Luo XY, Zhu LX, Zhang Z, Wang R, Liu YH. Dosage assessment of valnemulin in pigs based on population pharmacokinetic and Monte Carlo simulation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 38:400-9. [PMID: 25604162 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the valnemulin pharmacokinetic profile in a swine population and to assess a dosage regimen for increasing the likelihood of optimization. This study was, respectively, performed in 22 sows culled by p.o. administration and in 80 growing-finishing pigs by i.v. administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and Monte Carlo simulation. The relationships among the plasma concentration, dose, and time of valnemulin in pigs were illustrated as C(i,v) = X(0 )(8.4191 × 10(-4) × e(-0.2371t) + 1.2788 × 10(-5) × e(-0.0069t)) after i.v. and C(p.o) = X(0) (-8.4964 × 10(-4) × e(-0.5840t) + 8.4195 × e(-0.2371t) + 7.6869 × 10(-6) × e(-0.0069t)) after p.o. Monte Carlo simulation showed that T(>MIC) was more than 24 h when a single daily dosage at 13.5 mg/kg BW in pigs was administrated by p.o., and MIC was 0.031 mg/L. It was concluded that the current dosage regimen at 10-12 mg/kg BW led to valnemulin underexposure if the MIC was more than 0.031 mg/L and could increase the risk of treatment failure and/or drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y Z Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y X Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - J Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - X Y Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - L X Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - R Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y H Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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18
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Zhu X, Xu S, Xu Q. Preparation of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate and its enhanced stability compared with valnemulin hydrochloride. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:338-45. [PMID: 25597619 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.1003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is necessary to develop a new salt of valnemulin to replace the veterinary antibiotic, e.g. valnemulin hydrochloride, in order to overcome its instability during storage and preparation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to prepare a novel organic acid salt, valnemulin hydrogen fumarate, and to investigate its stability compared with valnemulin hydrochloride. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crystal of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate was prepared by modified crystallization method; the enhanced stabilities of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate were conducted under irradiation and humid conditions, and the experimental results were simulated at AM1 level of calculations. RESULTS Valnemulin hydrogen fumarate was more stable than valnemulin hydrochloride. After irradiation for 180 days, the content of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate decreased slightly 2.7%, whereas the content of valnemulin hydrochloride had an obvious decrease of 32.8%. Meanwhile, valnemulin hydrogen fumarate showed better anti-RH (relative humidity) ability than valnemulin hydrochloride. Under conditions of 65% and 85% RH, the absorption values of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate towards water were 0.75% and 1.20% at 48 h, whereas those of valnemulin hydrochloride were 4.50% and 9.71%, respectively. CONCLUSION The enhanced stability of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate could be attributed to its good crystallinity in comparison with the amorphous valnemulin hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Zhu
- a Safety Assessment Department , China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Shixin Xu
- a Safety Assessment Department , China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Qian Xu
- a Safety Assessment Department , China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing , China
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19
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Yang F, Yang YR, Wang L, Huang XH, Qiao G, Zeng ZL. Estimating marbofloxacin withdrawal time in broiler chickens using a population physiologically based pharmacokinetics model. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:579-88. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang China
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. R. Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering; Huanghuai University; Zhumadian China
| | - L. Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - X. H. Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - G. Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Z. L. Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
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20
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Lin Z, Li M, Gehring R, Riviere JE. Development and application of a multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for oxytetracycline in dogs and humans. J Pharm Sci 2014; 104:233-43. [PMID: 25407474 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a commonly used tetracycline antibiotic in veterinary and human medicine. To establish a quantitative model for predicting OTC plasma and tissue exposure, a permeability-limited multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed in dogs. The model was calibrated with plasma pharmacokinetic data in beagle dogs following single intravenous (5 mg/kg), oral (100 mg/kg), and intramuscular (20 mg/kg) administrations. The model predicted other available dog data well, including drug concentrations in the liver, kidney, and muscle after repeated exposure, and data in the mixed-breed dog. The model was extrapolated to humans and the human model adequately simulated measured plasma OTC concentrations after intravenous (7.14 mg/kg) and oral exposures (6.67 mg/kg). The dog model was applied to predict 24-h OTC area-under-the-curve after three therapeutic treatments. Results were 27.75, 51.76, and 64.17 μg/mL*h in the plasma, and 120.93, 225.64, and 279.67 μg/mL*h in the kidney for oral (100 mg/kg), intravenous (10 mg/kg), and intramuscular (20 mg/kg) administrations, respectively. This model can be used to predict plasma and tissue concentrations to aid in designing optimal therapeutic regimens with OTC in veterinary, and potentially, human medicine; and as a foundation for scaling to other tetracycline antibiotics and to other animal species. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 104:233-243, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM) and The Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506
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21
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Yang X, Zhou YF, Yu Y, Zhao DH, Shi W, Fang BH, Liu YH. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid in rats, extrapolation to pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:55-64. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y.-F. Zhou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - D.-H. Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - W. Shi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - B.-H. Fang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y.-H. Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
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22
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Yang F, Sun N, Liu YM, Zeng ZL. Estimating danofloxacin withdrawal time in broiler chickens based on physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:174-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang China
| | - N. Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Y. M. Liu
- Feed Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Z. L. Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
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23
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Yang S, Shi W, Hu D, Zhang S, Zhang H, Wang Z, Cheng L, Sun F, Shen J, Cao X. In vitro and in vivo metabolite profiling of valnemulin using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight hybrid mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9201-10. [PMID: 25156794 PMCID: PMC4166035 DOI: 10.1021/jf5012402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Valnemulin, a semisynthetic pleuromutilin derivative related to tiamulin, is broadly used to treat bacterial diseases of animals. Despite its widespread use, metabolism in animals has not yet been fully investigated. To better understand valnemulin biotransformation, in this study, metabolites of valnemulinin in in vitro and in vivo rats, chickens, swines, goats, and cows were identified and elucidated using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight hybrid mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). As a result, there were totally 7 metabolites of valnemulin identified in vitro and 75, 61, and 74 metabolites detected in in vivo rats, chickens, and swines, respectively, and the majority of metabolites were reported for the first time. The main metabolic pathways of valnemulin were found to be hydroxylation in the mutilin part (the ring system) and the side chain, oxidization on the sulfur of the side chain to form S-oxides, hydrolysis of the amido bond, and acetylization in the amido of the side chain. In addition, hydroxylation in the mutilin part was proposed to be the primary metabolic route. Furthermore, the results revealed that 2β-hydroxyvalnemulin (V1) and 8α-hydroxyvalnemulin (V2) were the major metabolites for rats and swines and S-oxides (V6) in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Yang
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and
Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived
Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Shi
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and
Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived
Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingfei Hu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Suxia Zhang
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and
Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived
Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and
Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived
Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and
Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived
Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linli Cheng
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and
Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived
Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifei Sun
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and
Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived
Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and
Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived
Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety and
Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived
Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
- (X.C.) Phone: +86-10-6273-1201. Fax: +86-10-6273-1032. E-mail:
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24
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Leavens TL, Tell LA, Kissell LW, Smith GW, Smith DJ, Wagner SA, Shelver WL, Wu H, Baynes RE, Riviere JE. Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for flunixin in cattle (Bos taurus). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1506-21. [PMID: 25082521 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.938363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Frequent violation of flunixin residues in tissues from cattle has been attributed to non-compliance with the USFDA-approved route of administration and withdrawal time. However, the effect of administration route and physiological differences among animals on tissue depletion has not been determined. The objective of this work was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict plasma, liver and milk concentrations of flunixin in cattle following intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) administration for use as a tool to determine factors that may affect the withdrawal time. The PBPK model included blood flow-limited distribution in all tissues and elimination in the liver, kidney and milk. Regeneration of parent flunixin due to enterohepatic recirculation and hydrolysis of conjugated metabolites was incorporated in the liver compartment. Values for physiological parameters were obtained from the literature, and partition coefficients for all tissues but liver and kidney were derived empirically. Liver and kidney partition coefficients and elimination parameters were estimated for 14 pharmacokinetic studies (including five crossover studies) from the literature or government sources in which flunixin was administered i.v., i.m. or s.c. Model simulations compared well with data for the matrices following all routes of administration. Influential model parameters included those that may be age or disease-dependent, such as clearance and rate of milk production. Based on the model, route of administration would not affect the estimated days to reach the tolerance concentration (0.125 mg kg(-1)) in the liver of treated cattle. The majority of USDA-reported violative residues in liver were below the upper uncertainty predictions based on estimated parameters, which suggests the need to consider variability due to disease and age in establishing withdrawal intervals for drugs used in food animals. The model predicted that extravascular routes of administration prolonged flunixin concentrations in milk, which could result in violative milk residues in treated cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Leavens
- a Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology , College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
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25
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Yang F, Yang YR, Wang L, Huang XH, Qiao G, Zeng ZL. Estimating marbofloxacin withdrawal time in broiler chickens using a population physiologically based pharmacokinetics model. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12137.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang China
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y. R. Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering; Huanghuai University; Zhumadian China
| | - L. Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - X. H. Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - G. Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
| | - Z. L. Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine; South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou China
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26
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Zhao DH, Zhou YF, Yu Y, Shi W, Yang X, Xiao X, Deng H, Qiao GG, Fang BH, Liu YH. Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices of valnemulin in broiler chickens after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration. Vet J 2014; 201:109-15. [PMID: 24906499 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial efficacy of valnemulin against Staphylococcus aureus was studied ex vivo in broiler chickens after intravenous and intramuscular administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg bodyweight (BW). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of valnemulin against S. aureus strains ATCC 25923 in broth and serum were 0.12 and 1 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of valnemulin against all susceptible S. aureus strains isolated from chickens in the test population were 0.06 and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. Protein binding, which greatly influences the efficacy of valnemulin, was assayed by equilibrium dialysate in vitro. A high binding fraction of 86.2% was found, which seems in good agreement with the difference of bacterial susceptibility tests observed in broth and serum. The surrogate index of AUC0-24/MIC required for the lowest bacteriostatic effect, and 2 log10CFU reduction in bacterial count were 24.4 h and 38.0 h, respectively. The required daily dose of valnemulin for a bacteriostatic activity was calculated to be 15 mg/kg BW based on the MIC90 of 0.12 µg/mL. Considering the slow disposition process of valnemulin and an AUC0-24 h value of more than 10-fold obtained from diseased animals, a suggested dose of 3 mg/kg BW is sufficient to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic efficacy in infected broilers. Due to the time-dependent antibacterial characteristics of valnemulin, the recommended daily dose should be split into two or three sub-doses to achieve the highest effectiveness while diminishing the risk of development of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hao Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guilin Gary Qiao
- 8725, John J Kingman Rd, MS 6201, Ft Belvoir, VA, 22060-6201, USA
| | - Bing-Hu Fang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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27
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Guo H, Liu Y, Fang B, Ding H, Wang M, He L. DETERMINATION OF VALNEMULIN RESIDUES IN PORCINE TISSUES BY MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION COUPLING WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.803203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Guo
- a National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU) , College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
- b Supervision and Testing Center of Food Quality , Ministry of Agriculture , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Yahong Liu
- a National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU) , College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Binghu Fang
- a National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU) , College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Huanzhong Ding
- a National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU) , College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- b Supervision and Testing Center of Food Quality , Ministry of Agriculture , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Limin He
- a National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU) , College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
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28
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Yang F, Huang XH, Li GH, Ni HJ, Zhao YD, Ding HZ, Zeng ZL. Estimating tulathromycin withdrawal time in pigs using a physiologically based pharmacokinetics model. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1255-63. [PMID: 23767965 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.797113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A physiologically based pharmacokinetics model was developed to predict tulathromycin concentrations in edible swine tissues. Physiological parameters included volumes of and plasma flows through different tissues which were obtained from the literatures. The tissue/plasma partition coefficient was calculated according to the area method, and the model was validated through a comparison of predicted and observed concentrations. Withdrawal times in different tissues were predicted. The physiologically based pharmacokinetics model presented here provided accurate predictions of the observed concentrations in all tissues. The results showed that the injection site had the longest withdrawal time (21 days), followed by skin together with fat (19 days) and then kidney (10 days), lung (6 days), liver (4 days) and muscle (1 day). A withdrawal time of 21 days was finally predicted for tulathromycin in swine after a single intramuscular injection at 2.5 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
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29
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Zhao DH, Zhang Z, Zhang CY, Liu ZC, Deng H, Yu JJ, Guo JP, Liu YH. Population pharmacokinetics of valnemulin in swine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:59-65. [PMID: 23617793 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out in 121 pigs to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model by oral (p.o.) administration of valnemulin at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Serum biochemistry parameters of each pig were determined prior to drug administration. Three to five blood samples were collected at random time points, but uniformly distributed in the absorption, distribution, and elimination phases of drug disposition. Plasma concentrations of valnemulin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The concentration-time data were fitted to PPK models using nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM) with G77 FORTRAN compiler. NONMEM runs were executed using Wings for NONMEM. Fixed effects of weight, age, sex as well as biochemistry parameters, which may influence the PK of valnemulin, were investigated. The drug concentration-time data were adequately described by a one-compartmental model with first-order absorption. A random effect model of valnemulin revealed a pattern of log-normal distribution, and it satisfactorily characterized the observed interindividual variability. The distribution of random residual errors, however, suggested an additive model for the initial phase (<12 h) followed by a combined model that consists of both proportional and additive features (≥ 12 h), so that the intra-individual variability could be sufficiently characterized. Covariate analysis indicated that body weight had a conspicuous effect on valnemulin clearance (CL/F). The featured population PK values of Ka , V/F and CL/F were 0.292/h, 63.0 L and 41.3 L/h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Zhao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Lees P, Fink-Gremmels J, Toutain PL. Veterinary pharmacology: history, current status and future prospects. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 36:105-15. [PMID: 23473264 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary therapeutics, based on the art of Materia Medica, has been practised for countless centuries, but the science of veterinary pharmacology is of very recent origin. This review traces the contribution of Materia Medica to veterinary therapeutics from the Egyptian period through to the Age of Enlightenment. The first tentative steps in the development of the science of veterinary pharmacology were taken in the 18th century, but it was not until the mid 20th century that the science replaced the art of Materia Medica. This review traces the 20th century developments in veterinary pharmacology, with emphasis on the explosion of knowledge in the 35 year period to 2010. The range of factors which have influenced the current status of the discipline are reviewed. Future developments are considered from the perspectives of what might be regarded as desirable and those innovations that might be anticipated. We end with words of encouragement for young colleagues intent upon pursuing a career in veterinary pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lees
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Herts, UK.
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YANG F, SUN N, SUN YX, SHAN Q, ZHAO HY, ZENG DP, ZENG ZL. A physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:192-200. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Sun J, Yuan L, Zhu L, He L, Luo X, Wang R, Liu Y. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valnemulin in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata). Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:374-8. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.703776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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SUN Y, BU SJ. Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of praziquantel in healthy water buffalo after oral and intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:618-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Yang F, Liu HW, Li M, Ding HZ, Huang XH, Zeng ZL. Use of a Monte Carlo analysis within a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict doxycycline residue withdrawal time in edible tissues in swine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 29:73-84. [PMID: 22059524 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.624126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline were studied following a single intravenous (I.V.) and intramuscular (I.M.) injection of 10 mg/kg into eight healthy pigs. The steady-state tissue/plasma partition coefficients were obtained via a 3-h constant rate infusion (CRI) in four pigs. Based on the results of in vivo studies and the parameters derived from published work, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict the drug concentration in edible tissues. The predicted values were then compared with those derived from a previous study. To account for individual differences in the processes of drug metabolism and/or diffusion, a Monte Carlo (MC) run of 1000 simulations was incorporated into the PBPK model to predict the doxycycline residue withdrawal times in edible tissues in swine. The withdrawal periods were compared with those derived from linear regression analysis. The PBPK model presented here provided accurate predictions of the observed concentrations in all tissues except for the injection site. The withdrawal times in all edible tissues derived from the MC analysis were longer than those from linear regression analysis. Based on the residues in the injection site and muscle tissue, the MC analysis predicted a withdrawal time of 33 days. Here, we illustrate that MC analysis can be incorporated into the PBPK model to accurately predict doxycycline residue withdrawal time in edible tissues in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Dressman JB, Thelen K, Willmann S. An update on computational oral absorption simulation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:1345-64. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.617743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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