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Murawska-Wlodarczyk K, Korzeniak U, Chlebicki A, Mazur E, Dietrich CC, Babst-Kostecka A. Metalliferous habitats and seed microbes affect the seed morphology and reproductive strategy of Arabidopsis halleri. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 472:175-192. [PMID: 36389645 PMCID: PMC9648182 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plant reproduction in metalliferous habitats is challenged by elevated concentrations of metal trace elements in soil. As part of their survival strategy, metal-tolerant plants have adjusted reproductive traits, including seed morphology, dormancy, and germination rate. These traits are particularly relevant, yet poorly understood, in metal hyperaccumulators that are promising candidates for phytoremediation. METHODS We assessed seed shape characteristics, dormancy, and germination rate in the hyperaccumulating model species Arabidopsis halleri. Seed morphological parameters were evaluated using seeds collected from two metalliferous and two non-metalliferous sites (~ 1000 seeds per location). We also addressed the potential influence of seed surface-associated microbes and endophytic fungi on germination success. RESULTS Seeds from non-metallicolous populations were on average 18% bigger than those from metal-contaminated post-mining sites, which contrasts the general expectation about reproductive parts in metallicolous plants. Irrespective of their origin, surface-sterilized seeds had up to ~ 20% higher germination rates and germinated earlier than non-sterilized seeds, hinting at a negative effect of seed-associated microbial communities. Surface sterilization also facilitated the emergence of an endophytic fungus (Aspergillus niger) that is a known seed-borne pathogen. Interestingly, A. niger actually promoted germination in surface-sterilized seeds from some locations. CONCLUSION Despite species-wide metal tolerance in A. halleri, metalliferous conditions seem to differently affect reproductive traits compared to non-metalliferous environments (e.g., smaller seeds). Yet, higher germination rates in these populations hint at the potential of A. halleri to successfully colonize post-mining habitats. This process is modulated by site-specific interactions with seed microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urszula Korzeniak
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Chlebicki
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Mazur
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Charlotte C Dietrich
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Babst-Kostecka
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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2
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Antonova EV, Röder MS. Evaluation of the genetic structure of Bromus inermis populations from chemically and radioactively polluted areas using microsatellite markers from closely related species. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1289-1300. [PMID: 34855571 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2013569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothesis The ecotoxicological and radiobiological effects can be manifested in a decrease in genetic diversity with an increase in toxic and radiation load, in an increase in the frequencies of rare and/or unique (private) alleles in impact samples, and in a decrease in the differentiation of B. inermis populations within each pollution area.Materials and methods We have selected a collection of primers for Bromus inermis, consisting of 21 microsatellite (SSR) loci from B. sterilis, B. tectorum and Triticum aestivum. The level of toxic load (chemically polluted area) was 4-19 conventional units, and the absorbed dose rate (the Kyshtym accident area) varied from 0.153 to 21.5 μGy h-1, which is up to two orders higher than the natural background radiation level (≈ 0.1 μGy h-1).Results Only eight of 21 (38%) of SSR primers showed good transferability and were used for B. inermis population studies from areas of technogenic pollution (heavy metals and radionuclides). We revealed 42 alleles at eight loci, and the number of alleles per locus varied from one to 13 in B. inermis populations. The percentage of polymorphic loci in B. inermis populations was 48.44%, the polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.556, and Shannon information index was 0.69 ± 0.3. A total of 22 rare, 14 private and 9 both rare and private alleles were reported for all B. inermis populations. There were no correlations between geographic and genetic distances. Only 6.8% of the genetic variability was distributed among B. inermis populations.Conclusion There was no decrease in genetic diversity ("genetic erosion") found in B. inermis populations growing for a long time under anthropogenic stress. No significant differences in the number of rare and private alleles in the background and impact populations of B. inermis were found. The smooth brome is characterized by low differentiation of the populations. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Antonova
- Laboratory of Population Radiobiology, Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta str. 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
| | - Marion S Röder
- Group of Gene and Genome Mapping, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben 06466, Germany
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3
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Honjo MN, Kudoh H. Arabidopsis halleri: a perennial model system for studying population differentiation and local adaptation. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz076. [PMID: 31832127 PMCID: PMC6899346 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation is assumed to occur when populations differ in a phenotypic trait or a set of traits, and such variation has a genetic basis. Here, we introduce Arabidopsis halleri and its life history as a perennial model system to study population differentiation and local adaptation. Studies on altitudinal adaptation have been conducted in two regions: Mt. Ibuki in Japan and the European Alps. Several studies have demonstrated altitudinal adaptation in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) tolerance, leaf water repellency against spring frost and anti-herbivore defences. Studies on population differentiation in A. halleri have also focused on metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance to heavy metal contamination. In these study systems, genome scans to identify candidate genes under selection have been applied. Lastly, we briefly discuss how RNA-Seq can broaden phenotypic space and serve as a link to underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, A. halleri provides us with opportunities to study population differentiation and local adaptation, and relate these to the genetic systems underlying target functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie N Honjo
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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4
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Babst-Kostecka A, Schat H, Saumitou-Laprade P, Grodzińska K, Bourceaux A, Pauwels M, Frérot H. Evolutionary dynamics of quantitative variation in an adaptive trait at the regional scale: The case of zinc hyperaccumulation in Arabidopsis halleri. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3257-3273. [PMID: 30010225 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal hyperaccumulation in plants is an ecological trait whose biological significance remains debated, in particular because the selective pressures that govern its evolutionary dynamics are complex. One of the possible causes of quantitative variation in hyperaccumulation may be local adaptation to metalliferous soils. Here, we explored the population genetic structure of Arabidopsis halleri at fourteen metalliferous and nonmetalliferous sampling sites in southern Poland. The results were integrated with a quantitative assessment of variation in zinc hyperaccumulation to trace local adaptation. We identified a clear hierarchical structure with two distinct genetic groups at the upper level of clustering. Interestingly, these groups corresponded to different geographic subregions, rather than to ecological types (i.e., metallicolous vs. nonmetallicolous). Also, approximate Bayesian computation analyses suggested that the current distribution of A. halleri in southern Poland could be relictual as a result of habitat fragmentation caused by climatic shifts during the Holocene, rather than due to recent colonization of industrially polluted sites. In addition, we find evidence that some nonmetallicolous lowland populations may have actually derived from metallicolous populations. Meanwhile, the distribution of quantitative variation in zinc hyperaccumulation did separate metallicolous and nonmetallicolous accessions, indicating more recent adaptive evolution and diversifying selection between metalliferous and nonmetalliferous habitats. This suggests that zinc hyperaccumulation evolves both ways-towards higher levels at nonmetalliferous sites and lower levels at metalliferous sites. Our results open a new perspective on possible evolutionary relationships between A. halleri edaphic types that may inspire future genetic studies of quantitative variation in metal hyperaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Babst-Kostecka
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Department of Ecology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Henk Schat
- Institute of Ecological Science, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Saumitou-Laprade
- CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Krystyna Grodzińska
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Department of Ecology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Angélique Bourceaux
- CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Maxime Pauwels
- CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Hélène Frérot
- CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Nagahama A, Kubota Y, Satake A. Climate warming shortens flowering duration: a comprehensive assessment of plant phenological responses based on gene expression analyses and mathematical modeling. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Fischer MC, Rellstab C, Leuzinger M, Roumet M, Gugerli F, Shimizu KK, Holderegger R, Widmer A. Estimating genomic diversity and population differentiation - an empirical comparison of microsatellite and SNP variation in Arabidopsis halleri. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:69. [PMID: 28077077 PMCID: PMC5225627 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite markers are widely used for estimating genetic diversity within and differentiation among populations. However, it has rarely been tested whether such estimates are useful proxies for genome-wide patterns of variation and differentiation. Here, we compared microsatellite variation with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess and quantify potential marker-specific biases and derive recommendations for future studies. Overall, we genotyped 180 Arabidopsis halleri individuals from nine populations using 20 microsatellite markers. Twelve of these markers were originally developed for Arabidopsis thaliana (cross-species markers) and eight for A. halleri (species-specific markers). We further characterized 2 million SNPs across the genome with a pooled whole-genome re-sequencing approach (Pool-Seq). RESULTS Our analyses revealed that estimates of genetic diversity and differentiation derived from cross-species and species-specific microsatellites differed substantially and that expected microsatellite heterozygosity (SSR-H e) was not significantly correlated with genome-wide SNP diversity estimates (SNP-H e and θ Watterson) in A. halleri. Instead, microsatellite allelic richness (A r) was a better proxy for genome-wide SNP diversity. Estimates of genetic differentiation among populations (F ST) based on both marker types were correlated, but microsatellite-based estimates were significantly larger than those from SNPs. Possible causes include the limited number of microsatellite markers used, marker ascertainment bias, as well as the high variance in microsatellite-derived estimates. In contrast, genome-wide SNP data provided unbiased estimates of genetic diversity independent of whether genome- or only exome-wide SNPs were used. Further, we inferred that a few thousand random SNPs are sufficient to reliably estimate genome-wide diversity and to distinguish among populations differing in genetic variation. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that future analyses of genetic diversity within and differentiation among populations use randomly selected high-throughput sequencing-based SNP data to draw conclusions on genome-wide diversity patterns. In species comparable to A. halleri, a few thousand SNPs are sufficient to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Fischer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rellstab
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Leuzinger
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marie Roumet
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Gugerli
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Holderegger
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alex Widmer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Gruntman M, Anders C, Mohiley A, Laaser T, Clemens S, Höreth S, Tielbörger K. Clonal integration and heavy-metal stress: responses of plants with contrasting evolutionary backgrounds. Evol Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-016-9840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Wasowicz P, Pauwels M, Pasierbinski A, Przedpelska-Wasowicz EM, Babst-Kostecka AA, Saumitou-Laprade P, Rostanski A. Phylogeography of Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) in mountain regions of Central Europe inferred from cpDNA variation and ecological niche modelling. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1645. [PMID: 26835186 PMCID: PMC4734066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate phylogeographical patterns present within A. halleri in Central Europe. 1,281 accessions sampled from 52 populations within the investigated area were used in the study of genetic variation based on chloroplast DNA. Over 500 high-quality species occurrence records were used in ecological niche modelling experiments. We evidenced the presence of a clear phylogeographic structure within A. halleri in Central Europe. Our results showed that two genetically different groups of populations are present in western and eastern part of the Carpathians. The hypothesis of the existence of a glacial refugium in the Western Carpathians adn the Bohemian Forest cannot be rejected from our data. It seems, however, that the evidence collected during the present study is not conclusive. The area of Sudetes was colonised after LGM probably by migrants from the Bohemian Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Wasowicz
- Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Iceland
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maxime Pauwels
- Unité Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)—UMR 8198, Université de Lille—Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Andrzej Pasierbinski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | - Pierre Saumitou-Laprade
- Unité Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)—UMR 8198, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (Lille I), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Adam Rostanski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Koch MA, German DA. Taxonomy and systematics are key to biological information: Arabidopsis, Eutrema (Thellungiella), Noccaea and Schrenkiella (Brassicaceae) as examples. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:267. [PMID: 23914192 PMCID: PMC3728732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Taxonomy and systematics provide the names and evolutionary framework for any biological study. Without these names there is no access to a biological context of the evolutionary processes which gave rise to a given taxon: close relatives and sister species (hybridization), more distantly related taxa (ancestral states), for example. This is not only true for the single species a research project is focusing on, but also for its relatives, which might be selected for comparative approaches and future research. Nevertheless, taxonomical and systematic knowledge is rarely fully explored and considered across biological disciplines. One would expect the situation to be more developed with model organisms such as Noccaea, Arabidopsis, Schrenkiella and Eutrema (Thellungiella). However, we show the reverse. Using Arabidopsis halleri and Noccaea caerulescens, two model species among metal accumulating taxa, we summarize and reflect past taxonomy and systematics of Arabidopsis and Noccaea and provide a modern synthesis of taxonomic, systematic and evolutionary perspectives. The same is presented for several species of Eutrema s. l. and Schrenkiella recently appeared as models for studying stress tolerance in plants and widely known under the name Thellungiella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A. Koch
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Center for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Dmitry A. German
- Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Center for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
- South-Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State UniversityBarnaul, Russia
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10
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Vandepitte K, De Meyer T, Jacquemyn H, Roldán-Ruiz I, Honnay O. The impact of extensive clonal growth on fine-scale mating patterns: a full paternity analysis of a lily-of-the-valley population (Convallaria majalis). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:623-8. [PMID: 23439847 PMCID: PMC3605957 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The combination of clonality and a mating system promoting outcrossing is considered advantageous because outcrossing avoids the fitness costs of selfing within clones (geitonogamy) while clonality assures local persistence and increases floral display. The spatial spread of genetically identical plants (ramets) may, however, also decrease paternal diversity (the number of sires fertilizing a given dam) and fertility, particularly towards the centre of large clumped clones. This study aimed to quantify the impact of extensive clonal growth on fine-scale paternity patterns in a population of the allogamous Convallaria majalis. METHODS A full analysis of paternity was performed by genotyping all flowering individuals and all viable seeds produced during a single season using AFLP. Mating patterns were examined and the spatial position of ramets was related to the extent of multiple paternity, fruiting success and seed production. KEY RESULTS The overall outcrossing rate was high (91 %) and pollen flow into the population was considerable (27 %). Despite extensive clonal growth, multiple paternity was relatively common (the fraction of siblings sharing the same father was 0·53 within ramets). The diversity of offspring collected from reproductive ramets surrounded by genetically identical inflorescences was as high as among offspring collected from ramets surrounded by distinct genets. There was no significant relationship between the similarity of the pollen load received by two ramets and the distance between them. Neither the distance of ramets with respect to distinct genets nor the distance to the genet centre significantly affected fruiting success or seed production. CONCLUSIONS Random mating and considerable pollen inflow most probably implied that pollen dispersal distances were sufficiently high to mitigate local mate scarcity despite extensive clonal spread. The data provide no evidence for the intrusion of clonal growth on fine-scale plant mating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Vandepitte
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Mathematical Modelling, Statistics & Bioinformatics Department, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent. Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit – Growth and Development, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research ILVO, Caritasstraat 21, B-9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Manara A, DalCorso G, Baliardini C, Farinati S, Cecconi D, Furini A. Pseudomonas putida Response to Cadmium: Changes in Membrane and Cytosolic Proteomes. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:4169-79. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300281f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Manara
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Cecilia Baliardini
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Farinati
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Furini
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Ye M, Liao B, Li JT, Mengoni A, Hu M, Luo WC, Shu WS. Contrasting patterns of genetic divergence in two sympatric pseudo-metallophytes: Rumex acetosa L. and Commelina communis L. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:84. [PMID: 22694601 PMCID: PMC3517898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns of genetic divergence between populations of facultative metallophytes have been investigated extensively. However, most previous investigations have focused on a single plant species making it unclear if genetic divergence shows common patterns or, conversely, is species-specific. The herbs Rumex acetosa L. and Commelina communis L. are two pseudo-metallophytes thriving in both normal and cupriferous soils along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Their non-metallicolous and metallicolous populations are often sympatric thus providing an ideal opportunity for comparative estimation of genetic structures and divergence under the selective pressure derived from copper toxicity. RESULTS In the present study, patterns of genetic divergence of R. acetosa and C. communis , including metal tolerance, genetic structure and genetic relationships between populations, were investigated and compared using hydroponic experiments, AFLP, ISSR and chloroplast genetic markers. Our results show a significant reduction in genetic diversity in metallicolous populations of C. communis but not in R. acetosa . Moreover, genetic differentiation is less in R. acetosa than in C. communis , the latter species also shows a clustering of its metallicolous populations. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the genetic divergences apparent in R. acetosa and C. communis , and the contrasting responses of the two species to copper contamination, might be attributed to the differences in their intrinsic physiological and ecological properties. No simple and generalised conclusions on genetic divergence in pseudo-metallophytes can thus be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ye
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, People's Republic of China
| | - B Liao
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - JT Li
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - A Mengoni
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Firenze, via Romana 17, I-50125, Florence, Italy
| | - M Hu
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - WC Luo
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - WS Shu
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
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Pauwels M, Vekemans X, Godé C, Frérot H, Castric V, Saumitou-Laprade P. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA phylogeography reveals vicariance among European populations of the model species for the study of metal tolerance, Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 193:916-928. [PMID: 22225532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis halleri is a pseudometallophyte involved in numerous molecular studies of the adaptation to anthropogenic metal stress. In order to test the representativeness of genetic accessions commonly used in these studies, we investigated the A. halleri population genetic structure in Europe. Microsatellite and nucleotide polymorphisms from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes, respectively, were used to genotype 65 populations scattered over Europe. The large-scale population structure was characterized by a significant phylogeographic signal between two major genetic units. The localization of the phylogeographic break was assumed to result from vicariance between large populations isolated in southern and central Europe, on either side of ice sheets covering the Alps during the Quaternary ice ages. Genetic isolation was shown to be maintained in western Europe by the high summits of the Alps, whereas admixture was detected in the Carpathians. Considering the phylogeographic literature, our results suggest a distinct phylogeographic pattern for European species occurring in both mountain and lowland habitats. Considering the evolution of metal adaptation in A. halleri, it appears that recent adaptations to anthropogenic metal stress that have occurred within either phylogeographic unit should be regarded as independent events that potentially have involved the evolution of a variety of genetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pauwels
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Xavier Vekemans
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Cécile Godé
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Hélène Frérot
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Vincent Castric
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pierre Saumitou-Laprade
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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14
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Godé C, Decombeix I, Kostecka A, Wasowicz P, Pauwels M, Courseaux A, Saumitou-Laprade P. Nuclear microsatellite loci for Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae), a model species to study plant adaptation to heavy metals. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2012; 99:e49-52. [PMID: 22268226 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Arabidopsis halleri is a model species to study the adaptation of plants to soils contaminated by zinc, cadmium, and lead. To provide a neutral genetic background with which adaptive genetic markers could be compared, we developed highly polymorphic neutral microsatellite markers. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a microsatellite-enriched library method, we identified 120 microsatellite loci for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis, of which eight primer pairs were developed in a single multiplex for population genetic studies. Analyses were performed on 508 individuals from 26 populations. All loci were polymorphic with six to 23 alleles per locus. Genetic diversity varied between 0.56 and 0.76. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the value of these eight microsatellite markers to investigate neutral population genetic structure in A. halleri. To increase the resolution of population genetic analyses, we suggest adding them to the 11 markers previously developed independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Godé
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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15
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Shimizu KK, Kudoh H, Kobayashi MJ. Plant sexual reproduction during climate change: gene function in natura studied by ecological and evolutionary systems biology. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:777-87. [PMID: 21852275 PMCID: PMC3170158 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is essential to understand and predict the effects of changing environments on plants. This review focuses on the sexual reproduction of plants, as previous studies have suggested that this trait is particularly vulnerable to climate change, and because a number of ecologically and evolutionarily relevant genes have been identified. SCOPE It is proposed that studying gene functions in naturally fluctuating conditions, or gene functions in natura, is important to predict responses to changing environments. First, we discuss flowering time, an extensively studied example of phenotypic plasticity. The quantitative approaches of ecological and evolutionary systems biology have been used to analyse the expression of a key flowering gene, FLC, of Arabidopsis halleri in naturally fluctuating environments. Modelling showed that FLC acts as a quantitative tracer of the temperature over the preceding 6 weeks. The predictions of this model were verified experimentally, confirming its applicability to future climate changes. Second, the evolution of self-compatibility as exemplifying an evolutionary response is discussed. Evolutionary genomic and functional analyses have indicated that A. thaliana became self-compatible via a loss-of-function mutation in the male specificity gene, SCR/SP11. Self-compatibility evolved during glacial-interglacial cycles, suggesting its association with mate limitation during migration. Although the evolution of self-compatibility may confer short-term advantages, it is predicted to increase the risk of extinction in the long term because loss-of-function mutations are virtually irreversible. CONCLUSIONS Recent studies of FLC and SCR have identified gene functions in natura that are unlikely to be found in laboratory experiments. The significance of epigenetic changes and the study of non-model species with next-generation DNA sequencers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro K Shimizu
- Institute of Plant Biology, University Research Priority Program in Systems Biology/Functional Genomics & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Zhao L, Sun YL, Cui SX, Chen M, Yang HM, Liu HM, Chai TY, Huang F. Cd-induced changes in leaf proteome of the hyperaccumulator plant Phytolacca americana. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:56-66. [PMID: 21723586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to all organisms. Soil contamination by Cd has become an increasing problem worldwide due to the intensive use of Cd-containing phosphate fertilizers and industrial zinc mining. Phytolacca americana L. is a Cd hyperaccumulator plant that can grow in Cd-polluted areas. However, the molecular basis for its remarkable Cd resistance is not known. In this study, the effects of Cd exposure on protein expression patterns in P.americana was investigated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). 2-DE profiles of leaf proteins from both control and Cd-treated (400μM, 48h) seedlings were compared quantitatively using ImageMaster software. In total, 32 differentially expressed protein spots were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry coupled to protein database search, corresponding to 25 unique gene products. Of those 14 were enhanced/induced while 11 reduced under Cd treatment. The alteration pattern of protein expression was verified for several key proteins involved in distinct metabolic pathways by immuno-blot analysis. Major changes were found for the proteins involved in photosynthetic pathways as well as in the sulfur- and GSH-related metabolisms. One-third of the up-regulated proteins were attributed to transcription, translation and molecular chaperones including a protein belonging to the calreticulin family. Other proteins include antioxidative enzymes such as 2-cys-peroxidase and oxidoreductases. The results of this proteomic analysis provide the first and primary information regarding the molecular basis of Cd hypertolerance in P. americana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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17
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Farinati S, DalCorso G, Panigati M, Furini A. Interaction between selected bacterial strains and Arabidopsis halleri modulates shoot proteome and cadmium and zinc accumulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:3433-47. [PMID: 21357773 PMCID: PMC3130167 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of plant-microbe interactions between the hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri and eight bacterial strains, isolated from the rhizosphere of A. halleri plants grown in a cadmium- and zinc-contaminated site, were analysed for shoot metal accumulation, shoot proteome, and the transcription of genes involved in plant metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation. Cadmium and zinc concentrations were lower in the shoots of plants cultivated in the presence of these metals plus the selected bacterial strains compared with plants grown solely with these metals or, as previously reported, with plants grown with these metals plus the autochthonous rhizosphere-derived microorganisms. The shoot proteome of plants cultivated in the presence of these selected bacterial strains plus metals, showed an increased abundance of photosynthesis- and abiotic stress-related proteins (e.g. subunits of the photosynthetic complexes, Rubisco, superoxide dismutase, and malate dehydrogenase) counteracted by a decreased amount of plant defence-related proteins (e.g. endochitinases, vegetative storage proteins, and β-glucosidase). The transcription of several homeostasis genes was modulated by the microbial communities and by Cd and Zn content in the shoot. Altogether these results highlight the importance of plant-microbe interactions in plant protein expression and metal accumulation and emphasize the possibility of exploiting microbial consortia for increasing or decreasing shoot metal content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Farinati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Panigati
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica ‘L. Malatesta’, Università di Milano Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Furini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
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18
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Puschenreiter M, Türktaş M, Sommer P, Wieshammer G, Laaha G, Wenzel WW, Hauser MT. Differentiation of metallicolous and non-metallicolous Salix caprea populations based on phenotypic characteristics and nuclear microsatellite (SSR) markers. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:1641-1655. [PMID: 20444221 PMCID: PMC4361689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Salicaceae family comprises a large number of high-biomass species with remarkable genetic variability and adaptation to ecological niches. Salix caprea survives in heavy metal contaminated areas, translocates and accumulates Zn/Cd in leaves. To reveal potential selective effects of long-term heavy metal contaminations on the genetic structure and Zn/Cd accumulation capacity, 170 S. caprea isolates of four metal-contaminated and three non-contaminated middle European sites were analysed with microsatellite markers using Wright's F statistics. The differentiation of populations North of the Alps are more pronounced compared to the Southern ones. By grouping the isolates based on their contamination status, a weak but significant differentiation was calculated between Northern metallicolous and non-metallicolous populations. To quantify if the contamination and genetic status of the populations correlate with Zn/Cd tolerance and the accumulation capacity, the S. caprea isolates were exposed to elevated Cd/Zn concentrations in perlite-based cultures. Consistent with the genetic data nested anova analyses for the physiological traits find a significant difference in the Cd accumulation capacity between the Northern and Southern populations. Our data suggest that natural populations are a profitable source to uncover genetic mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and biomass production, traits that are essential for improving phytoextraction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Puschenreiter
- Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Mine Türktaş
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Peter Sommer
- Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Gerlinde Wieshammer
- Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Gregor Laaha
- Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter W Wenzel
- Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
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19
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Lundemo S, Stenøien HK, Savolainen O. Investigating the effects of topography and clonality on genetic structuring within a large Norwegian population of Arabidopsis lyrata. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 106:243-54. [PMID: 20519240 PMCID: PMC2908161 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The gene flow through pollen or seeds governs the extent of spatial genetic structure in plant populations. Another factor that can contribute to this pattern is clonal growth. The perennial species Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea (Brassicaceae) is a self-incompatible, clonal species found in disjunctive populations in central and northern Europe. METHODS Fourteen microsatellite markers were employed to study the level of kinship and clonality in a high-altitude mountain valley at Spiterstulen, Norway. The population has a continuous distribution along the banks of the River Visa for about 1.5 km. A total of 17 (10 m x 10 m) squares were laid out in a north-south transect following the river on both sides. KEY RESULTS It is shown that clonal growth is far more common than previously shown in this species, although the overall size of the genets is small (mean diameter = 6.4 cm). Across the whole population there is no indication of isolation by distance, and spatial genetic structure is only visible on fine spatial scales. In addition, no effect of the river on the spatial distribution of genotypes was found. CONCLUSIONS Unexpectedly, the data show that populations of small perennials like A. lyrata can behave like panmictic units across relatively large areas at local sites, as opposed to earlier findings in central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sverre Lundemo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
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20
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Heidel AJ, Ramos-Onsins SE, Wang WK, Chiang TY, Mitchell-Olds T. Population history in Arabidopsis halleri using multilocus analysis. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:3364-79. [PMID: 20670364 PMCID: PMC2921003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A. halleri is a psuedometallophyte with a patchy distribution in Europe and is often spread by human activity. To determine the population history and whether this history is consistent with potential human effects, we surveyed nucleotide variation using 24 loci from 12 individuals in a large A. halleri population. The means of total and silent nucleotide variation (theta(W)) are within the range expected for the species. The population genetic neutrality tests Tajima's D and Wall's B had significant composite results rejecting panmixia, and Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis revealed that a subdivision model better explained the variation than the standard neutral model, refugia (or admixture), bottleneck or change of population size models. A categorical regression analysis further supports the subdivision model, and under the subdivision model, the neutrality tests are no longer significant. The best support was for two source populations, a situation consistent with the mixing of two populations possibly mediated by human activity. This scenario might limit the genetic diversity and adaptive potential of the population. The non-neutral population variation described here should be considered in bioinformatic searches for adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Heidel
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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21
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Frérot H, Faucon MP, Willems G, Godé C, Courseaux A, Darracq A, Verbruggen N, Saumitou-Laprade P. Genetic architecture of zinc hyperaccumulation in Arabidopsis halleri: the essential role of QTL x environment interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 187:355-367. [PMID: 20487314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine the main genomic regions that control zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulation in Arabidopsis halleri and to examine genotype x environment effects on phenotypic variance. To do so, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were mapped using an interspecific A. halleri x Arabidopsis lyrata petraea F(2) population. *The F(2) progeny as well as representatives of the parental populations were cultivated on soils at two different Zn concentrations. A linkage map was constructed using 70 markers. *In both low and high pollution treatments, zinc hyperaccumulation showed high broad-sense heritability (81.9 and 74.7%, respectively). Five significant QTLs were detected: two QTLs specific to the low pollution treatment (chromosomes 1 and 4), and three QTLs identified at both treatments (chromosomes 3, 6 and 7). These QTLs explained 50.1 and 36.5% of the phenotypic variance in low and high pollution treatments, respectively. Two QTLs identified at both treatments (chromosomes 3 and 6) showed significant QTL x environment interactions. *The QTL on chromosome 3 largely colocalized with a major QTL previously identified for Zn and cadmium (Cd) tolerance. This suggests that Zn tolerance and hyperaccumulation share, at least partially, a common genetic basis and may have simultaneously evolved on heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Frérot
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Michel-Pierre Faucon
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Glenda Willems
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Godé
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Adeline Courseaux
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Aude Darracq
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, CP242, boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Saumitou-Laprade
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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22
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Fine-scale spatial structure of genets and sexes in the dioecious plant Dioscorea japonica, which disperses by both bulbils and seeds. Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Effect of balancing selection on spatial genetic structure within populations: theoretical investigations on the self-incompatibility locus and empirical studies in Arabidopsis halleri. Heredity (Edinb) 2010; 106:319-29. [PMID: 20531450 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of selection on patterns of genetic structure within and between populations may be studied by contrasting observed patterns at the genes targeted by selection with those of unlinked neutral marker loci. Local directional selection on target genes will produce stronger population genetic structure than at neutral loci, whereas the reverse is expected for balancing selection. However, theoretical predictions on the intensity of this signal under precise models of balancing selection are still lacking. Using negative frequency-dependent selection acting on self-incompatibility systems in plants as a model of balancing selection, we investigated the effect of such selection on patterns of spatial genetic structure within a continuous population. Using numerical simulations, we tested the effect of the type of self-incompatibility system, the number of alleles at the self-incompatibility locus and the dominance interactions among them, the extent of gene dispersal, and the immigration rate on spatial genetic structure at the selected locus and at unlinked neutral loci. We confirm that frequency-dependent selection is expected to reduce the extent of spatial genetic structure as compared to neutral loci, particularly in situations with low number of alleles at the self-incompatibility locus, high frequency of codominant interactions among alleles, restricted gene dispersal and restricted immigration from outside populations. Hence the signature of selection on spatial genetic structure is expected to vary across species and populations, and we show that empirical data from the literature as well as data reported here on three natural populations of the herb Arabidopsis halleri confirm these theoretical results.
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24
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Ohsako T. Clonal and spatial genetic structure within populations of a coastal plant, Carex kobomugi (Cyperaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2010; 97:458-470. [PMID: 21622409 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0900262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Clarification of clonal growth pattern is critical for understanding the population dynamics and reproductive system evolution of clonal plant species. The contribution of clonality to the spatial genetic structure (SGS) within populations is also an important issue. I examined the spatial distribution of genetic variability within two populations of the coastal plant Carex kobomugi using seven microsatellite loci. Genotyping of 226 and 140 ramets within 14 × 40 m and 14 × 34 m plots on two populations revealed 36 and 33 multilocus genotypes, respectively. To quantify the extent of intermingling among clones, for each genet, I calculated the dominance of ramets belonging to a particular genet within a spatial range of the genet. Furthermore, I analyzed spatial distribution of genotypes within 2 × 2 m and 1 × 2 m quadrats using second-order spatial statistics. These analyses indicated that clones are highly intermingled, suggesting a low level of spatial interaction among clones. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of kinship coefficient including all pairs of ramets showed significantly stronger SGS than analysis considering only pairs between different genets. I conclude that clonal propagation largely contributes to SGS at a fine scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Ohsako
- Laboratory of Plant Resource Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 74 Kitainayazuma, Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0244, Japan
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25
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Meyer CL, Kostecka AA, Saumitou-Laprade P, Créach A, Castric V, Pauwels M, Frérot H. Variability of zinc tolerance among and within populations of the pseudometallophyte species Arabidopsis halleri and possible role of directional selection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 185:130-42. [PMID: 19863732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We estimated the level of quantitative polymorphism for zinc (Zn) tolerance in neighboring metallicolous and nonmetallicolous populations of Arabidopsis halleri and tested the hypothesis that divergent selection has shaped this polymorphism. A short-term hydroponic test was used to capture the quantitative polymorphism present between edaphic types, among and within populations. We measured six morphological and physiological traits on shoots and roots to estimate the response of A. halleri to Zn. In order to assess the adaptive value of Zn tolerance polymorphism, we compared differentiation of quantitative traits with that of molecular markers. Zinc tolerance of metallicolous populations was, on average, higher than that of nonmetallicolous populations according to the morphological and physiological traits measured. Phenotypic variability within edaphic types was very high and mainly explained by polymorphism among individuals within populations. Genetic differentiation for photosystem II yield of leaves (a measure of photosynthetic efficiency) was greater than the differentiation for microsatellite and thus, probably shaped by divergent selection. Overall, these results suggest that, in the sampled populations, Zn tolerance has been increased in metallicolous populations through selection on standing genetic variation within local nonmetallicolous ancestral populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Lise Meyer
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment SN2, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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26
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Farinati S, DalCorso G, Bona E, Corbella M, Lampis S, Cecconi D, Polati R, Berta G, Vallini G, Furini A. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis halleri shoots in response to the heavy metals cadmium and zinc and rhizosphere microorganisms. Proteomics 2009; 9:4837-50. [PMID: 19810031 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis halleri has the rare ability to colonize heavy metal-polluted sites and is an emerging model for research on adaptation and metal hyperaccumulation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of plant-microbe interaction on the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in shoots of an ecotype of A. halleri grown in heavy metal-contaminated soil and to compare the shoot proteome of plants grown solely in the presence of Cd and Zn or in the presence of these two metals and the autochthonous soil rhizosphere-derived microorganisms. The results of this analysis emphasized the role of plant-microbe interaction in shoot metal accumulation. Differences in protein expression pattern, identified by a proteomic approach involving 2-DE and MS, indicated a general upregulation of photosynthesis-related proteins in plants exposed to metals and to metals plus microorganisms, suggesting that metal accumulation in shoots is an energy-demanding process. The analysis also showed that proteins involved in plant defense mechanisms were downregulated indicating that heavy metals accumulation in leaves supplies a protection system and highlights a cross-talk between heavy metal signaling and defense signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Farinati
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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27
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Sarret G, Willems G, Isaure MP, Marcus MA, Fakra SC, Frérot H, Pairis S, Geoffroy N, Manceau A, Saumitou-Laprade P. Zinc distribution and speciation in Arabidopsis halleri x Arabidopsis lyrata progenies presenting various zinc accumulation capacities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 184:581-595. [PMID: 19761446 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the chemical form and localization of zinc (Zn) in plant leaves and their Zn accumulation capacity. An interspecific cross between Arabidopsis halleri sp. halleri and Arabidopsis lyrata sp. petrea segregating for Zn accumulation was used. Zinc (Zn) speciation and Zn distribution in the leaves of the parent plants and of selected F(1) and F(2) progenies were investigated by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and chemical analyses. A correlation was observed between the proportion of Zn being in octahedral coordination complexed to organic acids and free in solution (Zn-OAs + Zn(aq)) and Zn content in the leaves. This pool varied between 40% and 80% of total leaf Zn depending on the plant studied. Elemental mapping of the leaves revealed different Zn partitioning between the veins and the leaf tissue. The vein : tissue fluorescence ratio was negatively correlated with Zn accumulation. The higher proportion of Zn-OAs + Zn(aq) and the depletion of the veins in the stronger accumulators are attributed to a higher xylem unloading and vacuolar sequestration in the leaf cells. Elemental distributions in the trichomes were also investigated, and results support the role of carboxyl and/or hydroxyl groups as major Zn ligands in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Sarret
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT, University J. Fourier and CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Glenda Willems
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR 8016, CNRS, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Isaure
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT, University J. Fourier and CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sirine C Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hélène Frérot
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR 8016, CNRS, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sébastien Pairis
- Institut Néel CNRS-UJF, Dept Matière Condensée, Matériaux et Fonctions, Pôle Instrumentation, 25 av. des Martyrs, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Geoffroy
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT, University J. Fourier and CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alain Manceau
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, LGIT, University J. Fourier and CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Pierre Saumitou-Laprade
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR 8016, CNRS, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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28
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Banu S, Bhagwat RM, Kadoo NY, Lagu MD, Gupta VS. Understanding the genetic structure of Symplocos laurina Wall. Populations using nuclear gene markers. Genetica 2009; 138:197-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-009-9410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
For organisms with limited vagility and/or occupying patchy habitats, we often encounter nonrandom patterns of genetic affinity over relatively small spatial scales, labelled fine-scale genetic structure. Both the extent and decay rate of that pattern can be expected to depend on numerous interesting demographic, ecological, historical, and mating system factors, and it would be useful to be able to compare different situations. There is, however, no heterogeneity test currently available for fine-scale genetic structure that would provide us with any guidance on whether the differences we encounter are statistically credible. Here, we develop a general nonparametric heterogeneity test, elaborating on standard autocorrelation methods for pairs of individuals. We first develop a 'pooled within-population' correlogram, where the distance classes (lags) can be defined as functions of distance. Using that pooled correlogram as our null-hypothesis reference frame, we then develop a heterogeneity test of the autocorrelations among different populations, lag-by-lag. From these single-lag tests, we construct an analogous test of heterogeneity for multilag correlograms. We illustrate with a pair of biological examples, one involving the Australian bush rat, the other involving toadshade trillium. The Australian bush rat has limited vagility, and sometimes occupies patchy habitat. We show that the autocorrelation pattern diverges somewhat between continuous and patchy habitat types. For toadshade trillium, clonal replication in Piedmont populations substantially increases autocorrelation for short lags, but clonal replication is less pronounced in mountain populations. Removal of clonal replicates reduces the autocorrelation for short lags and reverses the sign of the difference between mountain and Piedmont correlograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Smouse
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, School of Biological and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8551, USA.
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30
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DalCorso G, Farinati S, Maistri S, Furini A. How plants cope with cadmium: staking all on metabolism and gene expression. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 50:1268-80. [PMID: 19017114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is one of the major problems for human health. Toxic heavy metals are normally present as soil constituents or can also be spread out in the environment by human activity and agricultural techniques. Soil contamination by heavy metals as cadmium, highlights two main aspects: on one side they interfere with the life cycle of plants and therefore reduce crop yields, and on the other hand, once adsorbed and accumulated into the plant tissues, they enter the food chain poisoning animals and humans. Considering this point of view, understanding the mechanism by which plants handle heavy metal exposure, in particular cadmium stress, is a primary goal of plant-biotechnology research or plant breeders whose aim is to create plants that are able to recover high amounts of heavy metals, which can be used for phytoremediation, or identify crop varieties that do not accumulate toxic metal in grains or fruits. In this review we focus on the main symptoms of cadmium toxicity both on root apparatus and shoots. We elucidate the mechanisms that plants activate to prevent absorption or to detoxify toxic metal ions, such as synthesis of phytochelatins, metallothioneins and enzymes involved in stress response. Finally we consider new plant-biotechnology applications that can be applied for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni DalCorso
- Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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31
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Roosens NHCJ, Willems G, Saumitou-Laprade P. Using Arabidopsis to explore zinc tolerance and hyperaccumulation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2008; 13:208-15. [PMID: 18407784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the particular gene or genes underlying a specific adaptation is a major challenge in modern biology. Currently, the study of naturally occurring variation in Arabidopsis thaliana provides a bridge between functional genetics and evolutionary analyses. Nevertheless, the use of A. thaliana to study adaptation is limited to those traits that have undergone selection. Therefore, to understand fully the genetics of adaptation, the vast arsenal of genetic resources developed in A. thaliana must be extended to other species that display traits absent in this model species. Here, we discuss how A. thaliana resources can significantly enhance the study of heavy-metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation in the wild species Arabidopsis halleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H C J Roosens
- Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Unité Mixte de Recherche du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 8016), CNRS, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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32
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LLAURENS V, CASTRIC V, AUSTERLITZ F, VEKEMANS X. High paternal diversity in the self-incompatible herb Arabidopsis halleri despite clonal reproduction and spatially restricted pollen dispersal. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1577-88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Colpaert JV. Chapter 11 Heavy metal pollution and genetic adaptations in ectomycorrhizal fungi. STRESS IN YEAST AND FILAMENTOUS FUNGI 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0275-0287(08)80053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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34
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Low levels of quantitative and molecular genetic differentiation among natural populations of Medicago ciliaris Kroch. (Fabaceae) of different Tunisian eco-geographical origin. CONSERV GENET 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-007-9483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Van Rossum F, Triest L. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure of the distylous Primula veris in fragmented habitats. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2007; 9:374-82. [PMID: 17099846 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In Flanders (northern Belgium), the distylous self-incompatible perennial herb Primula veris is common, but mainly occurs in fragmented habitats. Distyly, which favours disassortative mating, is characterized in P. veris by two genetically determined floral morph types (pin or thrum). Using 18 polymorphic loci, we investigated fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) and spatial distribution of the morphs within four populations from two regions that differ in degree of habitat fragmentation. We studied the contributions made by sexual reproduction and clonal propagation and compared the SGS patterns between pin and thrum morph types. Clonal growth was very restricted to a few individuals and to short distances. One population showed a non-random spatial distribution of the morphs. Pin and thrum individuals differed in SGS patterns at a small scale, suggesting intrapin biparental inbreeding, also related to high plant densities. This may be explained by partial self-compatibility of the pin morph combined with restricted seed dispersal and pollinator behaviour. There is an indication of more pronounced SGS when populations occur in highly fragmented habitats. From our findings, we may hypothesize disruption of the gene flow processes if these large populations evolve into patchworks of small remnants, but also a possible risk for long-term population survival if higher intrapin biparental inbreeding leads to inbreeding depression. Our study emphasizes the need for investigating the interactions between the heterostylous breeding system, population demographic and genetic structure for understanding population dynamics in fragmented habitats and for developing sustainable conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Van Rossum
- Plant Science and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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36
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Willems G, Dräger DB, Courbot M, Godé C, Verbruggen N, Saumitou-Laprade P. The genetic basis of zinc tolerance in the metallophyte Arabidopsis halleri ssp. halleri (Brassicaceae): an analysis of quantitative trait loci. Genetics 2007; 176:659-74. [PMID: 17409091 PMCID: PMC1893047 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.064485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Arabidopsis halleri, an emerging model for the study of heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in plants, has evolved a high level of constitutive zinc tolerance. Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) was used to investigate the genetic architecture of zinc tolerance in this species. A first-generation backcross progeny of A. halleri ssp. halleri from a highly contaminated industrial site and its nontolerant relative A. lyrata ssp. petraea was produced and used for QTL mapping of zinc tolerance. A genetic map covering most of the A. halleri genome was constructed using 85 markers. Among these markers, 65 were anchored in A. thaliana and revealed high synteny with other Arabidopsis genomes. Three QTL of comparable magnitude on three different linkage groups were identified. At all QTL positions zinc tolerance was enhanced by A. halleri alleles, indicating directional selection for higher zinc tolerance in this species. The two-LOD support intervals associated with these QTL cover 24, 4, and 13 cM. The importance of each of these three regions is emphasized by their colocalization with HMA4, MTP1-A, and MTP1-B, respectively, three genes well known to be involved in metal homeostasis and tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Willems
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, FR CNRS 1818, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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37
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Koch MA, Matschinger M. Evolution and genetic differentiation among relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6272-7. [PMID: 17404224 PMCID: PMC1851049 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701338104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is one of the most intensively studied plant species. More recently, information is accumulating about its closest relatives, the former genus Cardaminopsis. A. thaliana diverged from these relatives, actually treated within three major lineages (Arabidopsis lyrata, Arabidopsis halleri, and Arabidopsis arenosa), approximately 5 mya. Significant karyotype evolution in A. thaliana with base chromosome number reduction from x=8 to x=5 might indicate and favor effective genetic isolation from these other species, although hybrids are occurring naturally and have been also constituted under controlled conditions. We tested the evolutionary significance to separate the x=5 from the x=8 lineage using DNA sequence data from the plastome and the nuclear ribosomal DNA based on an extensive, representative worldwide sampling of nearly all taxonomic entities. We conclude that (i) A. thaliana is clearly separated phylogenetically from the x=8 lineage, (ii) five major lineages outside A. thaliana can be identified (A. lyrata, A. arenosa, A. halleri, Arabidopsis croatica, and Arabidopsis pedemontana) together with Arabidopsis cebennensis, and (iii) centers of genetic and morphological diversity are mostly in congruence and are located close to the Balkans in Austria and Slovakia outside glaciated and permafrost regions with few notable exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Koch
- Heidelberg Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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Pauwels M, Frérot H, Bonnin I, Saumitou-Laprade P. A broad-scale analysis of population differentiation for Zn tolerance in an emerging model species for tolerance study: Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae). J Evol Biol 2006; 19:1838-50. [PMID: 17040381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although current knowledge about the overall distribution of zinc (Zn) tolerance in Arabidopsis halleri populations is scarce, the species is an emerging model for the study of heavy metal tolerance in plants. We attempted to improve this knowledge by testing the Zn tolerance of scattered European metallicolous (M) and nonmetallicolous (NM) populations of A. h. subsp. halleri and A. h. subsp. ovirensis in hydroponic culture. The occurrence of constitutive tolerance was unconditionally established in A. h. halleri and tolerance was extended to the subspecies ovirensis. M populations were the most tolerant but there was a continuous range of variation in tolerance from NM to M populations. Finally, relatively high levels of tolerance were detected in some NM populations, suggesting that enhanced tolerance could be present at high frequency in populations that have not experienced metal exposure. We used our results to argue the evolutionary dynamics and origin of Zn tolerance in A. halleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pauwels
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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39
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Abstract
Population genetic theory predicts that the self-incompatible and perennial herb, Arabidopsis lyrata, will have a genetic structure that differs from the self-fertilizing, annual Arabidopsis thaliana. We quantified the genetic structure for eight populations of A. lyrata ssp. petraea in historically nonglaciated regions of central Europe. Analysis of 20 microsatellite loci for 344 individuals demonstrated that, in accordance with predictions, diploid populations had high genome-wide heterozygosity (H(O) = 0.48; H(E) = 0.52), high within-population diversity (83% of total) compatible with mutation-drift equilibrium, and moderate differentiation among populations (F(ST) = 0.17). Within a single population, the vast majority of genetic variability (92%) was found at the smallest spatial scale (< 3 m). Although there was no evidence of biparental inbreeding or clonal propagation at this scale (F(IS) = 0.003), significant fine-scale spatial autocorrelation indicated localized gene flow presumably due to gravity dispersed seeds (Sp = 0.018). Limited gene flow between isolated population clusters (regions) separated by hundreds of kilometres has given rise to an isolation by distance pattern of diversification, with low, but significant, differentiation among regions (F(ST) = 0.05). The maintenance of geographically widespread polymorphisms and uniformly high diversity throughout central Europe is consistent with periglacial survival of A. lyrata ssp. petraea north of the Alps in steppe-tundra habitats during the last glacial maximum. As expected of northern and previously glaciated localities, A. lyrata in Iceland was genetically less diverse and highly differentiated from central Europe (H(E) = 0.37; F(ST) = 0.27).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Clauss
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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40
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Basic N, Salamin N, Keller C, Galland N, Besnard G. Cadmium hyperaccumulation and genetic differentiation of Thlaspi caerulescens populations. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Distribution, chromosome numbers and nomenclature conspect of Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) in the Carpathians. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Pauwels M, Saumitou-Laprade P, Holl AC, Petit D, Bonnin I. Multiple origin of metallicolous populations of the pseudometallophyte Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) in central Europe: the cpDNA testimony. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:4403-14. [PMID: 16313601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The population structure of the pseudo-metallophyte herb, Arabidopsis halleri, was studied using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). The history of metallicolous (M) populations showing increased zinc tolerance was investigated. Eight primer-enzyme combinations out of 72 tested were applied to a total of 625 individuals from 28 widespread populations, 14 of them being M. Eleven distinct chlorotypes were found: five were common to nonmetallicolous (NM) and M populations, whereas six were only observed in one edaphic type (five in NM and one in M). No difference in chlorotype diversity between edaphic types was detected. Computed on the basis of chlorotype frequencies, the level of population differentiation was high but remained the same when taking into account levels of molecular divergence between chlorotypes. Isolation by distance was largely responsible for population differentiation. Geographically isolated groups of M populations were more genetically related to their closest NM populations than to each other. Our results suggest that M populations have been founded separately from distinct NM populations without suffering founding events and that the evolution towards increased tolerance observed in the distinct M population groups occurred independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pauwels
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, FR CNRS 1818, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment SN2, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
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