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Ferreira FC, Videvall E, Seidl CM, Wagner NE, Kilpatrick AM, Fleischer RC, Fonseca DM. Transcriptional response of individual Hawaiian Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum. Malar J 2022; 21:249. [PMID: 36038897 PMCID: PMC9422152 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium parasites that cause bird malaria occur in all continents except Antarctica and are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Culex. Culex quinquefasciatus, the mosquito vector of avian malaria in Hawaiʻi, became established in the islands in the 1820s. While the deadly effects of malaria on endemic bird species have been documented for many decades, vector-parasite interactions in avian malaria systems are relatively understudied. Methods To evaluate the gene expression response of mosquitoes exposed to a Plasmodium infection intensity known to occur naturally in Hawaiʻi, offspring of wild-collected Hawaiian Cx. quinquefasciatus were fed on a domestic canary infected with a fresh isolate of Plasmodium relictum GRW4 from a wild-caught Hawaiian honeycreeper. Control mosquitoes were fed on an uninfected canary. Transcriptomes of five infected and three uninfected individual mosquitoes were sequenced at each of three stages of the parasite life cycle: 24 h post feeding (hpf) during ookinete invasion; 5 days post feeding (dpf) when oocysts are developing; 10 dpf when sporozoites are released and invade the salivary glands. Results Differential gene expression analyses showed that during ookinete invasion (24 hpf), genes related to oxidoreductase activity and galactose catabolism had lower expression levels in infected mosquitoes compared to controls. Oocyst development (5 dpf) was associated with reduced expression of a gene with a predicted innate immune function. At 10 dpf, infected mosquitoes had reduced expression levels of a serine protease inhibitor, and further studies should assess its role as a Plasmodium agonist in C. quinquefasciatus. Overall, the differential gene expression response of Hawaiian Culex exposed to a Plasmodium infection intensity known to occur naturally in Hawaiʻi was low, but more pronounced during ookinete invasion. Conclusions This is the first analysis of the transcriptional responses of vectors to malaria parasites in non-mammalian systems. Interestingly, few similarities were found between the response of Culex infected with a bird Plasmodium and those reported in Anopheles infected with human Plasmodium. The relatively small transcriptional changes observed in mosquito genes related to immune response and nutrient metabolism support conclusions of low fitness costs often documented in experimental challenges of Culex with avian Plasmodium. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04271-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C Ferreira
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA. .,Center for Vector Biology, Entomology Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Elin Videvall
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christa M Seidl
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nicole E Wagner
- Center for Vector Biology, Entomology Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - A Marm Kilpatrick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dina M Fonseca
- Center for Vector Biology, Entomology Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Labiros DA, Catalig AMP, Ymbong RRJ, Sakuntabhai A, Lluisma AO, Edillo FE. Novel and Broadly Applicable Microsatellite Markers in Identified Chromosomes of the Philippine Dengue Mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:545-553. [PMID: 35134978 PMCID: PMC8924974 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the leading arboviral infection in the Philippines. Its endemicity in the country is due to the presence of its primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti (L.). This species has limited microsatellite markers. This study characterized microsatellite markers screened in silico from intergenic regions of the updated reference genome of Ae. aegypti from Liverpool, U.K. Criteria for good markers are: polymorphic, inherited in a Mendelian codominant manner, no null alleles, selectively neutral, randomly associated, and broadly applicable across different regions. Genotypes were scored using ABI Peak Scanner and were screened for the presence of null alleles. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibrium, and robustness of the markers were determined by GENEPOP using Ae. aegypti samples from selected highland and lowland sites (n = 30 each) in the Philippines and outgroups (Thailand and Vietnam). Mendelian codominant inheritance was examined using F1 offspring of Ae. aegypti family (n = 30 each) derived from samples collected from Cebu city highlands and Maramag, Bukidnon. From the 63 randomly selected markers, nine were polymorphic. Two markers (Aaeg1-3D of chromosome 1 and Aaeg3-4C of chromosome 3) satisfied all criteria, hence, are good broadly useful microsatellite markers. Two other markers (Aaeg2-2E of chromosome 2 and Aaeg3-2A of chromosome 3) met all criteria but deviated from Mendelian codominant inheritance. These new markers of the Philippine Ae. aegypti with their chromosomal locations relative to the other published markers are presented, and will ultimately be useful in a variety of population genetic studies of Ae. aegypti to protect the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesse A Labiros
- Department of Biology, University of San Carlos—Talamban Campus, Talamban, Cebu city, 6000, Philippines
| | - Antonio Mari P Catalig
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Quezon city, Philippines
| | - Rhoniel Ryan J Ymbong
- Department of Biology, University of San Carlos—Talamban Campus, Talamban, Cebu city, 6000, Philippines
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Rue de Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Arturo O Lluisma
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Quezon city, Philippines
| | - Frances E Edillo
- Department of Biology, University of San Carlos—Talamban Campus, Talamban, Cebu city, 6000, Philippines
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Cassin-Sackett L, Callicrate TE, Fleischer RC. Parallel evolution of gene classes, but not genes: Evidence from Hawai'ian honeycreeper populations exposed to avian malaria. Mol Ecol 2018; 28:568-583. [PMID: 30298567 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation in nature is ubiquitous, yet characterizing its genomic basis is difficult because population demographics cause correlations with nonadaptive loci. Introduction events provide opportunities to observe adaptation over known spatial and temporal scales, facilitating the identification of genes involved in adaptation. The pathogen causing avian malaria, Plasmodium relictum, was introduced to Hawai'i in the 1930s and elicited extinctions and precipitous population declines in native honeycreepers. After a sharp initial population decline, the Hawai'i 'amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens) has evolved tolerance to the parasite at low elevations where P. relictum exists, and can sustain infection without major fitness consequences. High-elevation, unexposed populations of 'amakihi display little to no tolerance. To explore the genomic basis of adaptation to P. relictum in low-elevation 'amakihi, we genotyped 125 'amakihi from the island of Hawai'i via hybridization capture to 40,000 oligonucleotide baits containing SNPs and used the reference 'amakihi genome to identify genes potentially under selection from malaria. We tested for outlier loci between low- and high-elevation population pairs and identified loci with signatures of selection within low-elevation populations. In some cases, genes commonly involved in the immune response (e.g., major histocompatibility complex) were associated with malaria presence in the population. We also detected several novel candidate loci that may be implicated in surviving malaria infection (e.g., beta-defensin, glycoproteins and interleukin-related genes). Our results suggest that rapid adaptation to pathogens may occur through changes in different immune genes, but in the same classes of genes, across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Cassin-Sackett
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Taylor E Callicrate
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia.,Species Conservation Toolkit Initiative, Department of Conservation Science, Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, Illinois
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia
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Honnen AC, Monaghan MT. City-Dwellers and Country Folks: Lack of Population Differentiation Along an Urban-Rural Gradient in the Mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2017; 17:4560636. [PMID: 29117382 PMCID: PMC5717708 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) occur in natural, urban, and peri-urban areas throughout the globe. Although the characteristics of urban and peri-urban habitats differ from those of natural habitats in many ways (e.g., fragmentation, pollution, noise, and light), few studies have examined the population connectivity of mosquitoes in urban areas. To obtain an overview of the species composition, we sampled mosquitoes from 23 sites in and around the city of Berlin, Germany. Of 23 species, five occurred in urban, 10 in peri-urban, and 20 in rural areas. Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) was the most common species collected (75% of all individuals) and occurred in all habitats. Hence this species was selected to be analysed at 10 microsatellite markers. There was no significant differentiation (FST = 0.016, P = 0.9) or isolation by distance (P = 0.06) among Cx. pipiens populations along an urban-rural gradient. The only significant differences detected were between Cx. pipiens and a laboratory population of Cx. pipiens f. molestus (pairwise FST = 0.114-0.148, P ≤ 0.001 in all comparisons), suggesting that the markers chosen were suitable for the identification of population differentiation. Our results indicate that Cx. pipiens gene flow is widespread within and among urban, peri-urban, and rural areas and that urban habitat does not necessarily impede or enhance gene flow among these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Honnen
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Switzerland
- University of Basel, Switzerland
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Germany
| | - Michael T Monaghan
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Germany
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Wilke ABB, Vidal PO, Suesdek L, Marrelli MT. Population genetics of neotropical Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:468. [PMID: 25280576 PMCID: PMC4190383 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes can be found in almost every major city of Brazil and are vectors of filariasis and several arboviruses. Microsatellite markers have been widely used to uncover the genetic structure of various groups of insect populations. The aim of this study was to glimpse the genetic structure of Cx. quinquefasciatus in Brazil. Methods Nine populations were sampled across Brazil (one of them from a laboratory colony - COL) and another one from Argentina and process regarding the variability of six microsatellite loci. Results The analyzed loci revealed moderate population genetic structure (mean Fst = 0.12). Dendrograms of genetic distances evidenced two major population clusters, respectively corresponding to the northern and southern populations. The hybrid population Cx. pipiens/quinquefasciatus (from La Plata, Argentina) and the colony population fell outside the major clusters. Those clusters were substructured and there was a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances and environmental variables (r = 0.51; p > 0.001 and r = 0.46; p > 0.004). Conclusions Multilocus cluster Bayesian analysis confirmed that populations are mutually distinct, and the set of results point to genetic differences among populations. The presumable low gene flow among them may be due to the large geographic distances (>1000 km) and to the environmental heterogeneity of the sampled areas. The genetic structure observed in this study may lead to the best understanding of Cx. quinquefasciatus demographical diversity as well as their genetic variations patterns in Brazil so far unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Barretto Bruno Wilke
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Egizi A, Fonseca DM. Ecological limits can obscure expansion history: patterns of genetic diversity in a temperate mosquito in Hawaii. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Eastwood G, Goodman SJ, Cunningham AA, Kramer LD. Aedes taeniorhynchus vectorial capacity informs a pre-emptive assessment of West Nile virus establishment in Galápagos. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1519. [PMID: 23519190 PMCID: PMC3605609 DOI: 10.1038/srep01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased connectivity with the mainland has led to the arrival of many invasive species to the Galápagos Islands, including novel pathogens, threatening the archipelago's unique fauna. Here we consider the potential role of the mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus in maintaining the flavivirus West Nile virus [WNV] should it reach the islands. We report on three components of vectorial capacity - vector competency, distributional abundance and host-feeding. In contrast to USA strains, Galápagos A. taeniorhynchus is a competent and efficient WNV vector, capable of transmission at 5 days post-exposure. Based on 25 blood-meals, mammalian feeding suggests a potential bridge vector role should contact with key amplification taxa occur. Vector population abundance is driven primarily by climatic factors, peaking between January and March. As a ubiquitous competent vector, A. taeniorhynchus may facilitate future WNV establishment, therefore it is vital to ensure the biosecurity of Galápagos to prevent introductions of pathogens such as WNV.
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Freed LA, Cann RL. Vector movement underlies avian malaria at upper elevation in Hawaii: implications for transmission of human malaria. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:3887-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Lee Y, Seifert SN, Nieman CC, McAbee RD, Goodell P, Fryxell RT, Lanzaro GC, Cornel AJ. High degree of single nucleotide polymorphisms in California Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) sensu lato. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 49:299-306. [PMID: 22493847 PMCID: PMC3553656 DOI: 10.1603/me11108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Resolution of systematic relationships among members of the Culex pipiens (L.) complex has important implications for public health as well as for studies on the evolution of sibling species. Currently held views contend that in California considerable genetic introgression occurs between Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, and as such, these taxa behave as if they are a single species. Development of high throughput SNP genotyping tools for the analysis of Cx. pipiens complex population structure is therefore desirable. As a first step toward this goal, we sequenced 12 gene fragments from specimens collected in Marin and Fresno counties. On average, we found a higher single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density than any other mosquito species reported thus far. Coding regions contained significantly higher GC content (median 54.7%) than noncoding regions (42.4%; Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 5.29 x 10(-5)). Differences in SNP allele frequencies observed between mosquitoes from Marin and Fresno counties indicated significant genetic divergence and suggest that SNP markers will be useful for future detailed population genetic studies of this group. The high density of SNPs highlights the difficulty in identifying species within the complex and may be associated with the large degree of phenotypic variation observed in this group of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoosook Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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10
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Bataille A, Cunningham AA, Cruz M, Cedeño V, Goodman SJ. Adaptation, isolation by distance and human-mediated transport determine patterns of gene flow among populations of the disease vector Aedes taeniorhynchus in the Galapagos Islands. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1996-2003. [PMID: 21968211 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The black salt-marsh mosquito (Aedes taeniorhynchus) is the only native mosquito in the Galapagos Islands and potentially a major disease vector for Galapagos wildlife. Little is known about its population structure, or how its dynamics may be influenced by human presence in the archipelago. We used microsatellite data to assess the structure and patterns of A. taeniorhynchus gene flow among and within islands, to identify potential barriers to mosquito dispersal, and to investigate human-aided transport of mosquitoes across the archipelago. Our results show that inter-island migration of A. taeniorhynchus occurs frequently on an isolation by distance basis. High levels of inter-island migration were detected amongst the major ports of the archipelago, strongly suggesting the occurrence of human-aided transport of mosquitoes among islands, underlining the need for strict control measures to avoid the transport of disease vectors between islands. The prevalence of filarial nematode infection in Galapagos flightless cormorants is correlated with the population structure and migration patterns of A. taeniorhynchus, suggesting that A. taeniorhynchus is an important vector of this arthropod-borne parasite in the Galapagos Islands. Therefore mosquito population structure in Galapagos may have the potential to influence mosquito-borne parasite population dynamics, and the subsequent impacts of such pathogens on their host species in the islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bataille
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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11
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Eastwood G, Kramer LD, Goodman SJ, Cunningham AA. West Nile virus vector competency of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in the Galapagos Islands. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:426-33. [PMID: 21896799 PMCID: PMC3163861 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-transmitted pathogen West Nile virus (WNV) is not yet present in the Galápagos Archipelago of Ecuador. However, concern exists for fragile endemic island fauna after population decreases in several North American bird species and pathology in certain reptiles. We examined WNV vector competency of a Galápagos strain of mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus Say). Field specimens were tested for their capacity to transmit the WN02-1956 strain of WNV after incubation at 27°C or 30°C. Rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission all increased with days post-exposure to WNV, and the highest rates were observed at 28 days. Infection rates peaked at 59% and transmission rates peaked at 44% (of mosquitoes tested). Vector efficiency increased after day 14. Rates of infection but not of transmission were significantly influence by temperature. No vertical transmission was detectable. We demonstrate that Galápagos Cx. quinquefasciatus are competent WNV vectors, and therefore should be considered an animal and public health risk for the islands and controlled wherever possible.
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Bataille A, Cunningham AA, Cruz M, Cedeno V, Goodman SJ. Seasonal effects and fine-scale population dynamics of Aedes taeniorhynchus, a major disease vector in the Galapagos Islands. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4491-504. [PMID: 20875066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the fine-scale population dynamics of the mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus is needed to improve our understanding of its role as a disease vector in the Galapagos Islands. We used microsatellite data to assess the genetic structure of coastal and highland mosquito populations and patterns of gene flow between the two habitats through time on Santa Cruz Island. In addition, we assessed possible associations of mosquito abundance and genetic diversity with environmental variables. The coastal and highland mosquito populations were highly differentiated from each other all year round, with some gene flow detected only during periods of increased precipitation. The results support the hypothesis that selection arising from ecological differences between habitats is driving adaptation and divergence in A. taeniorhynchus, and maintaining long-term genetic differentiation of the populations against gene flow. The highland and lowland populations may constitute an example of incipient speciation in progress. Highland populations were characterized by lower observed heterozygosity and allelic richness, suggesting a founder effect and/or lower breeding site availability in the highlands. A lack of reduction in genetic diversity over time in highland populations suggests that they survive dry periods as dormant eggs. Association between mosquito abundance and precipitation was strong in the highlands, whereas tide height was the main factor affecting mosquito abundance on the coast. Our findings suggests differences in the infection dynamics of mosquito-borne parasites in the highlands compared to the coast, and a higher risk of mosquito-driven disease spread across these habitats during periods of increased precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bataille
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Fonseca DM, Widdel AK, Hutchinson M, Spichiger SE, Kramer LD. Fine-scale spatial and temporal population genetics of Aedes japonicus, a new US mosquito, reveal multiple introductions. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:1559-72. [PMID: 20345683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The newly introduced mosquito Aedes japonicus has expanded from its original range in Northeastern Asia to 29 US states (including Hawaii) plus Canada and northern Europe. Our objectives were to test an earlier hypothesis of multiple introductions of this species to the Northeastern US and evaluate putative temporal changes in genetic makeup. Using a panel of seven microsatellite loci, we confirmed the existence of two abundant genetic forms in specimens originally collected in 1999-2000 (F(ST) value based on microsatellite data = 0.26) that matches the disjunctive distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes. To examine the distribution of the two genetic 'types' across Pennsylvania we created a fine-scale genetic map of Ae. japonicus using 439 specimens collected from 54 Pennsylvania counties in 2002-2003. We also made direct comparisons between collections in 1999-2000 and new collections made in 2004-2005 obtained from the same areas in the northeastern US. We observed that the strong association between mtDNA haplotype and microsatellite signature seen in 1999-2000 had weakened significantly by 2002 across Pennsylvania, a trend continued to some extent in 2004-2005 in PA, NJ, and NY, indicating that once easily distinguishable separate introductions are merging. The two expanding genetic forms create a complex correlation between spatial and genetic distances. The existence of multiple introductions would be obscured without sampling early and across time with highly polymorphic molecular markers. Our results provide a high-resolution analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of a newly introduced disease vector and argue that successive introductions may be a common pattern for invasive mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Fonseca
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Av., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Heller R, Siegismund HR. Relationship between three measures of genetic differentiation G(ST), D(EST) and G'(ST): how wrong have we been? Mol Ecol 2009; 18:2080-3; discussion 2088-91. [PMID: 19645078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Heller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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LECOMTE NICOLAS, GAUTHIER GILLES, GIROUX JEANFRANÇOIS, MILOT EMMANUEL, BERNATCHEZ LOUIS. Tug of war between continental gene flow and rearing site philopatry in a migratory bird: the sex-biased dispersal paradigm reconsidered. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:593-602. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.04067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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MURATA K, NII R, YUI S, SASAKI E, ISHIKAWA S, SATO Y, MATSUI S, HORIE S, AKATANI K, TAKAGI M, SAWABE K, TSUDA Y. Avian Haemosporidian Parasites Infection in Wild Birds Inhabiting Minami-Daito Island of the Northwest Pacific, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:501-3. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryosuke NII
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Saori YUI
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Emi SASAKI
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | | | - Yukita SATO
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Shin MATSUI
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City Universit
| | - Sayaka HORIE
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City Universit
| | - Kana AKATANI
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City Universit
| | - Masaoki TAKAGI
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City Universit
| | - Kyoko SAWABE
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Yoshio TSUDA
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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