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Ngo KA, Maffei JG, Koetzner CA, Zink SD, Payne AF, Backenson PB, White JL, Dupuis AP, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Surveillance and Genetic Analysis of Jamestown Canyon Virus in New York State: 2001-2022. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1329-1332. [PMID: 37972332 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) (Peribunyavirdae; Orthobunyavirus) is a mosquito-borne pathogen endemic to North America. The genome is composed of three segmented negative-sense RNA fragments designated as small, medium, and large. Jamestown Canyon virus is an emerging threat to public health, and infection in humans can cause severe neurological diseases, including encephalitis and meningitis. We report JCV mosquito surveillance data from 2001 to 2022 in New York state. Jamestown Canyon virus was detected in 12 mosquito species, with the greatest prevalence in Aedes canadensis and Anopheles punctipennis. Detection fluctuated annually, with the highest levels recorded in 2020. Overall, JCV infection rates were significantly greater from 2012 to 2022 compared with 2001 to 2011. Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were also performed with representative JCV isolates collected from 2003 to 2022. These data demonstrated the circulation of numerous genetic variants, broad geographic separation, and the first identification of lineage B JCV in New York state in 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet A Ngo
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Joseph G Maffei
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Cheri A Koetzner
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Steven D Zink
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Anne F Payne
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
| | - P Bryon Backenson
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Albany, New York
| | - Jennifer L White
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Albany, New York
| | - Alan P Dupuis
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Laura D Kramer
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
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2
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Lange RE, Dupuis Ii AP, Prusinski MA, Maffei JG, Koetzner CA, Ngo K, Backenson B, Oliver J, Vogels CBF, Grubaugh ND, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York State. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2155585. [PMID: 36503411 PMCID: PMC9788702 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2155585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Powassan virus (POWV, family Flaviviridae) is a reemerging tick-borne virus endemic in North America and Russia. In 1997, a POWV-like agent was isolated from Ixodes scapularis in New England and determined to be genetically distinct from the original POWV isolate. This revealed the existence of two lineages: lineage 1, prototype Powassan virus (POWV-1) and lineage 2, deer tick virus (DTV). POWV-1 is thought to be primarily maintained in a cycle between I. cookei and woodchucks and I. marxi and squirrels, while DTV is primarily maintained in a cycle between I. scapularis and small mammal hosts. Recent tick, mammalian, and human isolates from New York State (NYS) have been identified as DTV, but for the first time in 45 years, we detected four POWV-1 isolates, including the first reported isolation of POWV-1 from I. scapularis. We aimed to investigate genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of recent NYS isolates through sequence analysis and evaluation of replication kinetics in vitro and in vivo. Our sequencing revealed genetic divergence between NYS POWV-1 isolates, with two distinct foci. We found that POWV-1 isolates displayed variable replication kinetics in nymphal ticks but not in cell culture. POWV-1 isolated from I. scapularis displayed increased fitness in experimentally infected I. scapularis as compared to historic and recent POWV-1 isolates from I. cookei. These data suggest the emergence of divergent POWV-1 strains in alternate tick hosts and maintenance of genetically and phenotypically discrete POWV-1 foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Lange
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Alan P Dupuis Ii
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Prusinski
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Vector Ecology Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Joseph G Maffei
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Cheri A Koetzner
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Bryon Backenson
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Vector Ecology Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
| | - JoAnne Oliver
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
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3
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Kuhn RJ, Barrett ADT, Desilva AM, Harris E, Kramer LD, Montgomery RR, Pierson TC, Sette A, Diamond MS. A Prototype-Pathogen Approach for the Development of Flavivirus Countermeasures. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S398-S413. [PMID: 37849402 PMCID: PMC10582523 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a genus within the Flaviviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses and are transmitted principally through mosquito and tick vectors. These viruses are responsible for hundreds of millions of human infections worldwide per year that result in a range of illnesses from self-limiting febrile syndromes to severe neurotropic and viscerotropic diseases and, in some cases, death. A vaccine against the prototype flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been deployed for 85 years and is highly effective. While vaccines against some medically important flaviviruses are available, others have proven challenging to develop. The emergence and spread of flaviviruses, including dengue virus and Zika virus, demonstrate their pandemic potential. This review highlights the gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to allow for the rapid development of vaccines against emerging flaviviruses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Aravinda M Desilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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4
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Hill V, Koch RT, Bialosuknia SM, Ngo K, Zink SD, Koetzner CA, Maffei JG, Dupuis AP, Backenson PB, Oliver J, Bransfield AB, Misencik MJ, Petruff TA, Shepard JJ, Warren JL, Gill MS, Baele G, Vogels CBF, Gallagher G, Burns P, Hentoff A, Smole S, Brown C, Osborne M, Kramer LD, Armstrong PM, Ciota AT, Grubaugh ND. Dynamics of eastern equine encephalitis virus during the 2019 outbreak in the Northeast United States. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00679-6. [PMID: 37295427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes a rare but severe disease in horses and humans and is maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle between songbirds and Culiseta melanura mosquitoes. In 2019, the largest EEEV outbreak in the United States for more than 50 years occurred, centered in the Northeast. To explore the dynamics of the outbreak, we sequenced 80 isolates of EEEV and combined them with existing genomic data. We found that, similar to previous years, cases were driven by multiple independent but short-lived virus introductions into the Northeast from Florida. Once in the Northeast, we found that Massachusetts was important for regional spread. We found no evidence of any changes in viral, human, or bird factors which would explain the increase in cases in 2019, although the ecology of EEEV is complex and further data is required to explore these in more detail. By using detailed mosquito surveillance data collected by Massachusetts and Connecticut, however, we found that the abundance of Cs. melanura was exceptionally high in 2019, as was the EEEV infection rate. We employed these mosquito data to build a negative binomial regression model and applied it to estimate early season risks of human or horse cases. We found that the month of first detection of EEEV in mosquito surveillance data and vector index (abundance multiplied by infection rate) were predictive of cases later in the season. We therefore highlight the importance of mosquito surveillance programs as an integral part of public health and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Hill
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Robert T Koch
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sean M Bialosuknia
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Steven D Zink
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Cheri A Koetzner
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Joseph G Maffei
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Alan P Dupuis
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - P Bryon Backenson
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Albany, NY 12237, USA
| | - JoAnne Oliver
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA; Division of Environmental and Renewable Resources, State University of New York at Morrisville - School of Agriculture, Business and Technology, Morrisville, NY 13408, USA
| | - Angela B Bransfield
- Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael J Misencik
- Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Tanya A Petruff
- Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John J Shepard
- Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mandev S Gill
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Glen Gallagher
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02108, USA; Rhode Island State Health Laboratory, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI 02904, USA
| | - Paul Burns
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Aaron Hentoff
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Sandra Smole
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Catherine Brown
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Matthew Osborne
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA
| | - Philip M Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Division of Environmental and Renewable Resources, State University of New York at Morrisville - School of Agriculture, Business and Technology, Morrisville, NY 13408, USA.
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA.
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Hill V, Koch RT, Bialosuknia SM, Ngo K, Zink SD, Koetzner CA, Maffei JG, Dupuis AP, Backenson PB, Oliver J, Bransfield AB, Misencik MJ, Petruff TA, Shepard JJ, Warren JL, Gill MS, Baele G, Vogels CBF, Gallagher G, Burns P, Hentoff A, Smole S, Brown C, Osborne M, Kramer LD, Armstrong PM, Ciota AT, Grubaugh ND. Dynamics of Eastern equine encephalitis virus during the 2019 outbreak in the Northeast United States. medRxiv 2023:2023.03.06.23286851. [PMID: 36945576 PMCID: PMC10029029 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.23286851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes a rare but severe disease in horses and humans, and is maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle between songbirds and Culiseta melanura mosquitoes. In 2019, the largest EEEV outbreak in the United States for more than 50 years occurred, centered in the Northeast. To explore the dynamics of the outbreak, we sequenced 80 isolates of EEEV and combined them with existing genomic data. We found that, like previous years, cases were driven by frequent short-lived virus introductions into the Northeast from Florida. Once in the Northeast, we found that Massachusetts was important for regional spread. We found no evidence of any changes in viral, human, or bird factors which would explain the increase in cases in 2019. By using detailed mosquito surveillance data collected by Massachusetts and Connecticut, however, we found that the abundance of Cs. melanura was exceptionally high in 2019, as was the EEEV infection rate. We employed these mosquito data to build a negative binomial regression model and applied it to estimate early season risks of human or horse cases. We found that the month of first detection of EEEV in mosquito surveillance data and vector index (abundance multiplied by infection rate) were predictive of cases later in the season. We therefore highlight the importance of mosquito surveillance programs as an integral part of public health and disease control.
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Holcomb KM, Mathis S, Staples JE, Fischer M, Barker CM, Beard CB, Nett RJ, Keyel AC, Marcantonio M, Childs ML, Gorris ME, Rochlin I, Hamins-Puértolas M, Ray EL, Uelmen JA, DeFelice N, Freedman AS, Hollingsworth BD, Das P, Osthus D, Humphreys JM, Nova N, Mordecai EA, Cohnstaedt LW, Kirk D, Kramer LD, Harris MJ, Kain MP, Reed EMX, Johansson MA. Evaluation of an open forecasting challenge to assess skill of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease prediction. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:11. [PMID: 36635782 PMCID: PMC9834680 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne illness in the continental USA. WNV occurrence has high spatiotemporal variation, and current approaches to targeted control of the virus are limited, making forecasting a public health priority. However, little research has been done to compare strengths and weaknesses of WNV disease forecasting approaches on the national scale. We used forecasts submitted to the 2020 WNV Forecasting Challenge, an open challenge organized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to assess the status of WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND) prediction and identify avenues for improvement. METHODS We performed a multi-model comparative assessment of probabilistic forecasts submitted by 15 teams for annual WNND cases in US counties for 2020 and assessed forecast accuracy, calibration, and discriminatory power. In the evaluation, we included forecasts produced by comparison models of varying complexity as benchmarks of forecast performance. We also used regression analysis to identify modeling approaches and contextual factors that were associated with forecast skill. RESULTS Simple models based on historical WNND cases generally scored better than more complex models and combined higher discriminatory power with better calibration of uncertainty. Forecast skill improved across updated forecast submissions submitted during the 2020 season. Among models using additional data, inclusion of climate or human demographic data was associated with higher skill, while inclusion of mosquito or land use data was associated with lower skill. We also identified population size, extreme minimum winter temperature, and interannual variation in WNND cases as county-level characteristics associated with variation in forecast skill. CONCLUSIONS Historical WNND cases were strong predictors of future cases with minimal increase in skill achieved by models that included other factors. Although opportunities might exist to specifically improve predictions for areas with large populations and low or high winter temperatures, areas with high case-count variability are intrinsically more difficult to predict. Also, the prediction of outbreaks, which are outliers relative to typical case numbers, remains difficult. Further improvements to prediction could be obtained with improved calibration of forecast uncertainty and access to real-time data streams (e.g. current weather and preliminary human cases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Holcomb
- Global Systems Laboratory, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, Boulder, CO USA
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Sarabeth Mathis
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - J. Erin Staples
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Marc Fischer
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Charles B. Beard
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Randall J. Nett
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Alexander C. Keyel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY USA
| | - Matteo Marcantonio
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA USA
- Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics Group, Earth & Life Institute-UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marissa L. Childs
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Morgan E. Gorris
- Information Systems and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Ilia Rochlin
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | | | - Evan L. Ray
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA USA
| | - Johnny A. Uelmen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Nicholas DeFelice
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Andrew S. Freedman
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | | | - Praachi Das
- Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Dave Osthus
- Statistical Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - John M. Humphreys
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Sidney, MT USA
| | - Nicole Nova
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Lee W. Cohnstaedt
- National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - Devin Kirk
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY USA
| | | | - Morgan P. Kain
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Emily M. X. Reed
- Invasive Species Working Group, Global Change Center, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, NC USA
| | - Michael A. Johansson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, PR USA
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Cohen S, van Dyck CH, Gee M, Doherty T, Kanekiyo M, Dhadda S, Li D, Hersch S, Irizarry M, Kramer LD. Lecanemab Clarity AD: Quality-of-Life Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind Phase 3 Trial in Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:771-777. [PMID: 37874099 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lecanemab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody binding with high affinity to amyloid-beta protein protofibrils. In phase 3 development, lecanemab has been shown to reduce markers of amyloid in early Alzheimer's disease and reduce decline on clinical endpoints of cognition and function at 18 months. OBJECTIVES To describe the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) results from Clarity AD which were exploratory outcomes in this trial. DESIGN Clarity AD was an 18-month, multi-center, double-blind, phase 3 trial. SETTING Early Alzheimer's disease. PARTICIPANTS Individuals 50-90 years of age with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid evidence of cerebral amyloid accumulation. INTERVENTION Placebo or lecanemab 10-mg/kg IV biweekly. MEASUREMENTS HRQoL was measured at baseline and every 6 months using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L; by subject) and Quality of Life in AD (QOL-AD; by subject and proxy). Study partner burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). RESULTS A total of 1795 participants were enrolled (lecanemab:898; placebo:897). At month 18, adjusted mean change from baseline in EQ-5D-5L and QOL-AD by subject showed 49% and 56% less decline, respectively. QOL-AD rated by study partner as proxy resulted in 23% less decline. ZBI adjusted mean change from baseline at 18 months resulted in 38% less increase of care partner burden. Individual HRQoL test items and dimensions also showed lecanemab benefit. CONCLUSIONS Lecanemab was associated with a relative preservation of HRQoL and less increase in caregiver burden, with consistent benefits seen across different quality of life scales and within scale subdomains. These benefits provide valuable patient reported outcomes which, together with previously reported benefits of lecanemab across multiple measures of cognition, function, disease progression, and biomarkers, demonstrate that lecanemab treatment may offer meaningful benefits to patients, care partners, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cohen
- Sharon Cohen, MD, FRCPC, Medical Director and Site Principal Investigator, 1 Valleybrook Drive, Suite 400, Toronto, Canada M3B 2S7, Tel: 416-386-9761; Fax: 416-386-0458,
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8
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Dupuis AP, Prusinski MA, O’Connor C, Maffei JG, Koetzner CA, Zembsch TE, Zink SD, White AL, Santoriello MP, Romano CL, Xu G, Ribbe F, Campbell SR, Rich SM, Backenson PB, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Bourbon Virus Transmission, New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:145-148. [PMID: 36573733 PMCID: PMC9796220 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.220283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In July 2019, Bourbon virus RNA was detected in an Amblyomma americanum tick removed from a resident of Long Island, New York, USA. Tick infection and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serosurvey results demonstrate active transmission in New York, especially Suffolk County, emphasizing a need for surveillance anywhere A. americanum ticks are reported.
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Bialosuknia SM, Dupuis II AP, Zink SD, Koetzner CA, Maffei JG, Owen JC, Landwerlen H, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Adaptive evolution of West Nile virus facilitated increased transmissibility and prevalence in New York State. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:988-999. [PMID: 35317702 PMCID: PMC8982463 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2056521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV; Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) was introduced to New York State (NYS) in 1999 and rapidly expanded its range through the continental United States (US). Apart from the displacement of the introductory NY99 genotype with the WN02 genotype, there has been little evidence of adaptive evolution of WNV in the US. WNV NY10, characterized by shared amino acid substitutions R1331K and I2513M, emerged in 2010 coincident with increased WNV cases in humans and prevalence in mosquitoes. Previous studies demonstrated an increase in frequency of NY10 strains in NYS and evidence of positive selection. Here, we present updated surveillance and sequencing data for WNV in NYS and investigate if NY10 genotype strains are associated with phenotypic change consistent with an adaptive advantage. Results confirm a significant increase in prevalence in mosquitoes though 2018, and updated sequencing demonstrates a continued dominance of NY10. We evaluated NY10 strains in Culex pipiens mosquitoes to assess vector competence and found that the NY10 genotype is associated with both increased infectivity and transmissibility. Experimental infection of American robins (Turdus migratorius) was additionally completed to assess viremia kinetics of NY10 relative to WN02. Modelling the increased infectivity and transmissibility of the NY10 strains together with strain-specific viremia demonstrates a mechanistic basis for selection that has likely contributed to the increased prevalence of WNV in NYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Bialosuknia
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Alan P. Dupuis II
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Steven D. Zink
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Cheri A. Koetzner
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Joseph G. Maffei
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hannah Landwerlen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
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10
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Dieme C, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Vector competence of Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Aedes albopictus for genetically distinct Jamestown Canyon virus strains circulating in the Northeast United States. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:226. [PMID: 35739573 PMCID: PMC9229909 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV; Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) is a mosquito-borne pathogen belonging to the California serogroup. The virus is endemic in North America and increasingly recognized as a public health concern. In this study, we determined the vector competence of Anopheles (An.) quadrimaculatus and Aedes (Ae.) albopictus for five JCV strains belonging to the two lineages circulating in the Northeast. METHODS An. quadrimaculatus and Ae. albopictus were fed blood meals containing two lineage A strains and three lineage B strains. Vector competence of both mosquito species was evaluated at 7- and 14-days post-feeding (dpf) by testing for virus presence in bodies, legs, and saliva. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are a competent vector for both lineages, with similar transmission levels for all strains tested. Variable levels of infection (46-83%) and dissemination (17-38%) were measured in An. quadrimaculatus, yet no transmission was detected for the five JCV strains evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that establishment of Ae. albopictus in the Northeast could increase the risk of JCV but suggest An. quadrimaculatus are not a competent vector for JCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constentin Dieme
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea. .,Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA.
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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11
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Lin YP, Tufts DM, Combs M, Dupuis AP, Marcinkiewicz AL, Hirsbrunner AD, Diaz AJ, Stout JL, Blom AM, Strle K, Davis AD, Kramer LD, Kolokotronis SO, Diuk-Wasser MA. Cellular and immunological mechanisms influence host-adapted phenotypes in a vector-borne microparasite. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212087. [PMID: 35193398 PMCID: PMC8864362 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting pathogen emergence and spillover risk requires understanding the determinants of a pathogens' host range and the traits involved in host competence. While host competence is often considered a fixed species-specific trait, it may be variable if pathogens diversify across hosts. Balancing selection can lead to maintenance of pathogen polymorphisms (multiple-niche-polymorphism; MNP). The causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), provides a model to study the evolution of host adaptation, as some Bb strains defined by their outer surface protein C (ospC) genotype, are widespread in white-footed mice and others are associated with non-rodent vertebrates (e.g. birds). To identify the mechanisms underlying potential strain × host adaptation, we infected American robins and white-footed mice, with three Bb strains of different ospC genotypes. Bb burdens varied by strain in a host-dependent fashion, and strain persistence in hosts largely corresponded to Bb survival at early infection stages and with transmission to larvae (i.e. fitness). Early survival phenotypes are associated with cell adhesion, complement evasion and/or inflammatory and antibody-mediated removal of Bb, suggesting directional selective pressure for host adaptation and the potential role of MNP in maintaining OspC diversity. Our findings will guide future investigations to inform eco-evolutionary models of host adaptation for microparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Pin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Albany, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Danielle M. Tufts
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Combs
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan P. Dupuis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander J. Diaz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jessica L. Stout
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Klemen Strle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Albany, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - April D. Davis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Albany, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Institute for Genomic Health, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Maria A. Diuk-Wasser
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Dieme C, Maffei JG, Diarra M, Koetzner CA, Kuo L, Ngo KA, Dupuis AP, Zink SD, Bryon Backenson P, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Aedes albopictus and Cache Valley virus: a new threat for virus transmission in New York State. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:741-748. [PMID: 35179429 PMCID: PMC8903793 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2044733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report surveillance results of Cache Valley virus (CVV; Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) from 2017 to 2020 in New York State (NYS). Infection rates were calculated using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method by year, region, and mosquito species. The highest infection rates were identified among Anopheles spp. mosquitoes and we detected the virus in Aedes albopictus for the first time in NYS. Based on our previous Anopheles quadrimaculatus vector competence results for nine CVV strains, we selected among them three stains for further characterization. These include two CVV reassortants (PA and 15041084) and one CVV lineage 2 strain (Hu-2011). We analyzed full genomes, compared in vitro growth kinetics and assessed vector competence of Aedes albopictus. Sequence analysis of the two reassortant strains (PA and 15041084) revealed 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.3% divergence; and 1, 10, and 6 amino acid differences for the S, M, and L segments, respectively. We additionally found that the PA strain was attenuated in vertebrate (Vero) and mosquito (C6/36) cell culture. Furthemore, Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are competent vectors for CVV Hu-2011 (16.7–62.1% transmission rates) and CVV 15041084 (27.3–48.0% transmission rates), but not for the human reassortant (PA) isolate, which did not disseminate from the mosquito midgut. Together, our results demonstrate significant phenotypic variability among strains and highlight the capacity for Ae. albopictus to act as a vector of CVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constentin Dieme
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (C. Dieme, J.G. Maffei, C.A Koetzner, L. Kuo, K.A. Ngo, A.P. Dupuis II, S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota)
| | - Joseph G Maffei
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (C. Dieme, J.G. Maffei, C.A Koetzner, L. Kuo, K.A. Ngo, A.P. Dupuis II, S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota)
| | - Maryam Diarra
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (M. Diarra)
| | - Cheri A Koetzner
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (C. Dieme, J.G. Maffei, C.A Koetzner, L. Kuo, K.A. Ngo, A.P. Dupuis II, S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota)
| | - Lili Kuo
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (C. Dieme, J.G. Maffei, C.A Koetzner, L. Kuo, K.A. Ngo, A.P. Dupuis II, S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota)
| | - Kiet A Ngo
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (C. Dieme, J.G. Maffei, C.A Koetzner, L. Kuo, K.A. Ngo, A.P. Dupuis II, S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota)
| | - Alan P Dupuis
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (C. Dieme, J.G. Maffei, C.A Koetzner, L. Kuo, K.A. Ngo, A.P. Dupuis II, S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota)
| | - Steven D Zink
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (C. Dieme, J.G. Maffei, C.A Koetzner, L. Kuo, K.A. Ngo, A.P. Dupuis II, S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota)
| | - P Bryon Backenson
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Albany, New York (P.B. Backenson)
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (C. Dieme, J.G. Maffei, C.A Koetzner, L. Kuo, K.A. Ngo, A.P. Dupuis II, S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA (L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota)
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA (C. Dieme, J.G. Maffei, C.A Koetzner, L. Kuo, K.A. Ngo, A.P. Dupuis II, S.D. Zink, L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA (L.D. Kramer, and A.T. Ciota)
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13
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Dieme C, Ngo KA, Tyler S, Maffei JG, Zink SD, Dupuis AP, Koetzner CA, Shultis C, Stout J, Payne AF, Backenson PB, Kuo L, Drebot MA, Ciota AT, Kramer LD. Role of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Cache Valley Virus Lineage Displacement, New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:303-313. [PMID: 35075998 PMCID: PMC8798675 DOI: 10.3201/eid2802.203810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquitoborne virus that infects livestock and humans. We report results of surveillance for CVV in New York, USA, during 2000–2016; full-genome analysis of selected CVV isolates from sheep, horse, humans, and mosquitoes from New York and Canada; and phenotypic characterization of selected strains. We calculated infection rates by using the maximum-likelihood estimation method by year, region, month, and mosquito species. The highest maximum-likelihood estimations were for Anopheles spp. mosquitoes. Our phylogenetic analysis identified 2 lineages and found evidence of segment reassortment. Furthermore, our data suggest displacement of CVV lineage 1 by lineage 2 in New York and Canada. Finally, we showed increased vector competence of An. quadrimaculatus mosquitoes for lineage 2 strains of CVV compared with lineage 1 strains.
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14
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Petersen E, Ntoumi F, Hui DS, Abubakar A, Kramer LD, Obiero C, Tambyah PA, Blumberg L, Yapi R, Al-Abri S, Pinto TDCA, Yeboah-Manu D, Haider N, Asogun D, Velavan TP, Kapata N, Bates M, Ansumana R, Montaldo C, Mucheleng'anga L, Tembo J, Mwaba P, Himwaze CM, Hamid MMA, Mfinanga S, Mboera L, Raj T, Aklillu E, Veas F, Edwards S, Kaleebu P, McHugh TD, Chakaya J, Nyirenda T, Bockarie M, Nyasulu PS, Wejse C, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Azhar EI, Maeurer M, Nachega JB, Kock R, Ippolito G, Zumla A. Emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Omicron (B.1.1.529) - highlights Africa's research capabilities, but exposes major knowledge gaps, inequities of vaccine distribution, inadequacies in global COVID-19 response and control efforts. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 114:268-272. [PMID: 34863925 PMCID: PMC8634699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eskild Petersen
- European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infections Task Force, ESCMID, Basel, Switzerland; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; European Travel Medicine Network, Méditerranée Infection Foundation, Marseille, France.
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - David S Hui
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
| | | | - Laura D Kramer
- School of Public Health, State University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.
| | - Christina Obiero
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Clinical Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Depart of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lucille Blumberg
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg South Africa.
| | - Richard Yapi
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, CEMV - Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Seif Al-Abri
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Tatiana de Castro Abreu Pinto
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Najmul Haider
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Danny Asogun
- Community Medicine, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo, Nigeria.
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and Vietnamese-German Center of Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nathan Kapata
- National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, and UNZA-UCLMS Research and Training Program, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Matthew Bates
- HerpeZ and UNZA-UCLMS Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; and School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
| | - Rashid Ansumana
- Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Bo, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
| | - Chiara Montaldo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani Institute for Hospitalization and Care Scientific, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luchenga Mucheleng'anga
- Ministry of Home Affairs, Office of the State Forensic Pathologist, and UNZA-UCLMS Research and Training Program, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - John Tembo
- HERPEZ and UNZA-UCLMS Research and Training Program, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Peter Mwaba
- Lusaka Apex Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, and UNZA-UCLMS Research and Training Project, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Cordelia M Himwaze
- University Teaching Hospital, Department of Pathology and Microbiology; and UNZA-UCLMS Research and Training Program, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Sayoki Mfinanga
- Muhimbili Medical Research Centre National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Leonard Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine, University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Tajudeen Raj
- Division of Public Health Institutes and Research, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Eleni Aklillu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Francisco Veas
- Molecular Comparative Immuno-Physiopathology Lab), Joint Research Unit-Ministry of Defense, Faculty of Pharmacy, French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sarah Edwards
- Ethics and Governance, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeremiah Chakaya
- Department of Medicine, Therapeutics, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thomas Nyirenda
- European and Developing Countries clinical trials Partnership, EDCTP Africa Office, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Moses Bockarie
- European and Developing Countries clinical trials Partnership, EDCTP Africa Office, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Peter S Nyasulu
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine; Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Publich Health, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- National Institute of Biomedical Research and Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University; Dept. of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; Medizinische Klinik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jean B Nachega
- Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa, and Depts of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- General Directorate for Research and Innovation in Health, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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15
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Dupuis AP, Prusinski MA, O'Connor C, Maffei JG, Ngo KA, Koetzner CA, Santoriello MP, Romano CL, Xu G, Ribbe F, Campbell SR, Rich SM, Backenson PB, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Heartland Virus Transmission, Suffolk County, New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:3128-3132. [PMID: 34648421 PMCID: PMC8632170 DOI: 10.3201/eid2712.211426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2018, Heartland virus RNA was detected in an Amblyomma americanum tick removed from a resident of Suffolk County, New York, USA. The person showed seroconversion. Tick surveillance and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serosurveys showed widespread distribution in Suffolk County, emphasizing a need for disease surveillance anywhere A. americanum ticks are established or emerging.
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16
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Onyango MG, Lange R, Bialosuknia S, Payne A, Mathias N, Kuo L, Vigneron A, Nag D, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Zika virus and temperature modulate Elizabethkingia anophelis in Aedes albopictus. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:573. [PMID: 34772442 PMCID: PMC8588690 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne pathogens must survive and replicate in the hostile environment of an insect's midgut before successful dissemination. Midgut microbiota interfere with pathogen infection by activating the basal immunity of the mosquito and by synthesizing pathogen-inhibitory metabolites. METHODS The goal of this study was to assess the influence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and increased temperature on Aedes albopictus midgut microbiota. Aedes albopictus were reared at diurnal temperatures of day 28 °C/night 24 °C (L) or day 30 °C/night 26 °C (M). The mosquitoes were given infectious blood meals with 2.0 × 108 PFU/ml ZIKV, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on midguts at 7 days post-infectious blood meal exposure. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that Elizabethkingia anophelis albopictus was associated with Ae. albopictus midguts exposed to ZIKV infectious blood meal. We observed a negative correlation between ZIKV and E. anophelis albopictus in the midguts of Ae. albopictus. Supplemental feeding of Ae. albopictus with E. anophelis aegypti and ZIKV resulted in reduced ZIKV infection rates. Reduced viral loads were detected in Vero cells that were sequentially infected with E. anophelis aegypti and ZIKV, dengue virus (DENV), or chikungunya virus (CHIKV). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the influence of ZIKV infection and temperature on the Ae. albopictus microbiome along with a negative correlation between ZIKV and E. anophelis albopictus. Our results have important implications for controlling vector-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Onyango
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Rachel Lange
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA
| | - Sean Bialosuknia
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA
| | - Anne Payne
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
| | - Nicholas Mathias
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
| | - Lili Kuo
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
| | - Aurelien Vigneron
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dilip Nag
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA
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17
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Fay RL, Ngo KA, Kuo L, Willsey GG, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Experimental Evolution of West Nile Virus at Higher Temperatures Facilitates Broad Adaptation and Increased Genetic Diversity. Viruses 2021; 13:1889. [PMID: 34696323 PMCID: PMC8540194 DOI: 10.3390/v13101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus introduced to North America in 1999. Since 1999, the Earth's average temperature has increased by 0.6 °C. Mosquitoes are ectothermic organisms, reliant on environmental heat sources. Temperature impacts vector-virus interactions which directly influence arbovirus transmission. RNA viral replication is highly error-prone and increasing temperature could further increase replication rates, mutation frequencies, and evolutionary rates. The impact of temperature on arbovirus evolutionary trajectories and fitness landscapes has yet to be sufficiently studied. To investigate how temperature impacts the rate and extent of WNV evolution in mosquito cells, WNV was experimentally passaged 12 times in Culex tarsalis cells, at 25 °C and 30 °C. Full-genome deep sequencing was used to compare genetic signatures during passage, and replicative fitness was evaluated before and after passage at each temperature. Our results suggest adaptive potential at both temperatures, with unique temperature-dependent and lineage-specific genetic signatures. Further, higher temperature passage was associated with significantly increased replicative fitness at both temperatures and increases in nonsynonymous mutations. Together, these data indicate that if similar selective pressures exist in natural systems, increases in temperature could accelerate emergence of high-fitness strains with greater phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Fay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (R.L.F.); (L.D.K.)
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; (K.A.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Kiet A. Ngo
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; (K.A.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Lili Kuo
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; (K.A.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Graham G. Willsey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (R.L.F.); (L.D.K.)
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; (K.A.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (R.L.F.); (L.D.K.)
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; (K.A.N.); (L.K.)
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18
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Abstract
Trial outcomes across a spectrum of investigational therapies targeting the “amyloid cascade” for modifying the course of Alzheimer’s disease have generated controversy and cast doubts about the potential for success of the amyloid pathway as a target. The use of the term “amyloid cascade” as a singular molecular target is misleading. Given the differentiated molecular and cellular mechanisms interacting in amyloid-β homeostasis and the non-linear, dynamic nature of the biochemical process, the terms “amyloid pathway” or “amyloid cycle” have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Kramer
- Lynn D. Kramer, MD, Eisai Inc. Woodcliff Lake New Jersey, 07677, USA, , Telephone: 201-949-4342
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19
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Petersen E, Lee SS, Blumberg L, Kramer LD, Obiero C, Al-Abri S, Abubakar A, Pinto TCA, Yapi BR, Tambyah PA, Holmes AH. International Journal of Infectious Diseases: from the past quarter-century to the next. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 109:36-37. [PMID: 34217873 PMCID: PMC7613580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Petersen
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark..
| | - S S Lee
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Blumberg
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Centre for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2195, South Africa
| | - L D Kramer
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - C Obiero
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Clinical Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - S Al-Abri
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Abubakar
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - T C A Pinto
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B R Yapi
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, CEMV - Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - P A Tambyah
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A H Holmes
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States.; Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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20
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Hart TM, Dupuis AP, Tufts DM, Blom AM, Starkey SR, Rego ROM, Ram S, Kraiczy P, Kramer LD, Diuk-Wasser MA, Kolokotronis SO, Lin YP. Host tropism determination by convergent evolution of immunological evasion in the Lyme disease system. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009801. [PMID: 34324600 PMCID: PMC8354441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens possess the ability to adapt and survive in some host species but not in others-an ecological trait known as host tropism. Transmitted through ticks and carried mainly by mammals and birds, the Lyme disease (LD) bacterium is a well-suited model to study such tropism. Three main causative agents of LD, Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, and B. garinii, vary in host ranges through mechanisms eluding characterization. By feeding ticks infected with different Borrelia species, utilizing feeding chambers and live mice and quail, we found species-level differences in bacterial transmission. These differences localize on the tick blood meal, and specifically complement, a defense in vertebrate blood, and a polymorphic bacterial protein, CspA, which inactivates complement by binding to a host complement inhibitor, Factor H (FH). CspA selectively confers bacterial transmission to vertebrates that produce FH capable of allele-specific recognition. CspA is the only member of the Pfam54 gene family to exhibit host-specific FH-binding. Phylogenetic analyses revealed convergent evolution as the driver of such uniqueness, and that FH-binding likely emerged during the last glacial maximum. Our results identify a determinant of host tropism in Lyme disease infection, thus defining an evolutionary mechanism that shapes host-pathogen associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Hart
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Alan P. Dupuis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Danielle M. Tufts
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Simon R. Starkey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryan O. M. Rego
- Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Kraiczy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Diuk-Wasser
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
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21
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Vandegrift KJ, Kumar A, Sharma H, Murthy S, Kramer LD, Ostfeld R, Hudson PJ, Kapoor A. Presence of Segmented Flavivirus Infections in North America. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1810-1817. [PMID: 32687041 PMCID: PMC7392405 DOI: 10.3201/eid2608.190986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying viruses in synanthropic animals is necessary for understanding the origin of many viruses that can infect human hosts and developing strategies to prevent new zoonotic infections. The white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, is one of the most abundant rodent species in the northeastern United States. We characterized the serum virome of 978 free-ranging P. leucopus mice caught in Pennsylvania. We identified many new viruses belonging to 26 different virus families. Among these viruses was a highly divergent segmented flavivirus whose genetic relatives were recently identified in ticks, mosquitoes, and vertebrates, including febrile humans. This novel flavi-like segmented virus was found in rodents and shares ˂70% aa identity with known viruses in the highly conserved region of the viral polymerase. Our data will enable researchers to develop molecular reagents to further characterize this virus and its relatives infecting other hosts and to curtail their spread, if necessary.
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22
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Nag DK, Payne AF, Dieme C, Ciota AT, Kramer LD. Zika virus infects Aedes aegypti ovaries. Virology 2021; 561:58-64. [PMID: 34147955 PMCID: PMC10117528 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens are transmitted from one host to another either by vertical transmission (VT) or horizontal transmission (HT). Mosquito-borne arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), including several clinically important viruses such as dengue, Zika, West Nile and chikungunya viruses persist in nature by both VT and HT. VT may also serve as an essential link in the transmission cycle during adverse environmental conditions. VT rates (VTRs) vary between virus families and even among viruses within the same genus. The mechanism behind these differences in VTRs among viruses is poorly understood. For efficient VT to occur, viruses must infect the mosquito germline. Here, we show that Zika virus infects mosquito ovaries and is transmitted vertically at a low rate. The infected progeny derive from mosquitoes with infected ovaries. The prevalence of ovary infection increases after a second non-infectious blood meal following an infectious blood meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Nag
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA.
| | - Anne F Payne
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Constentin Dieme
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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23
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Nag DK, Dieme C, Lapierre P, Lasek-Nesselquist E, Kramer LD. RNA-Seq analysis of blood meal induced gene-expression changes in Aedes aegypti ovaries. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:396. [PMID: 34044772 PMCID: PMC8161926 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmission of pathogens by vector mosquitoes is intrinsically linked with mosquito’s reproductive strategy because anautogenous mosquitoes require vertebrate blood to develop a batch of eggs. Each cycle of egg maturation is tightly linked with the intake of a fresh blood meal for most species. Mosquitoes that acquire pathogens during the first blood feeding can transmit the pathogens to susceptible hosts during subsequent blood feeding and also vertically to the next generation via infected eggs. Large-scale gene-expression changes occur following each blood meal in various tissues, including ovaries. Here we analyzed mosquito ovary transcriptome following a blood meal at three different time points to investigate blood-meal induced changes in gene expression in mosquito ovaries. Results We collected ovaries from Aedes aegypti that received a sugar meal or a blood meal on days 3, 10 and 20 post blood meal for transcriptome analysis. Over 4000 genes responded differentially following ingestion of a blood meal on day 3, and 660 and 780 genes on days 10 and 20, respectively. Proteins encoded by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on day 3 include odorant binding proteins (OBPs), defense-specific proteins, and cytochrome P450 detoxification enzymes. In addition, we identified 580 long non-coding RNAs that are differentially expressed at three time points. Gene ontology analysis indicated that genes involved in peptidase activity, oxidoreductase activity, extracellular space, and hydrolase activity, among others were enriched on day 3. Although most of the DEGs returned to the nonsignificant level compared to the sugar-fed mosquito ovaries following oviposition on days 10 and 20, there remained differences in the gene expression pattern in sugar-fed and blood-fed mosquitoes. Conclusions Enrichment of OBPs following blood meal ingestion suggests that these genes may have other functions besides being part of the olfactory system. The enrichment of immune-specific genes and cytochrome P450 genes indicates that ovaries become well prepared to protect their germ line from any pathogens that may accompany the blood meal or from environmental contamination during oviposition, and to deal with the detrimental effects of toxic metabolites. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07551-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Nag
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA.
| | - Constentin Dieme
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA
| | - Pascal Lapierre
- Bioinformatics Core, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Erica Lasek-Nesselquist
- Bioinformatics Core, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Center for Medical Science, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
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24
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Zakhia R, Dupuis AP, Khodr F, Fadel M, Kramer LD, Haddad N. Evidence of West Nile Virus Circulation in Lebanon. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060994. [PMID: 34073485 PMCID: PMC8227205 DOI: 10.3390/v13060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) has never been reported from Lebanon. Yet, this country is located on the flyway of migratory birds in the Middle East region. Serological screening was conducted to assess the potential circulation of this virus. Human, horse, and chicken sera were collected from the Bekaa and North districts. Specific IgG and IgY were first screened by ELISA. Then, positive samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Besides this, adult mosquitoes were collected and tested for the presence of WNV RNA using conventional RT-PCR. Sera screening revealed a seroprevalence rate reaching 1.86% among humans and 2.47% among horses. Cross-reactions revealed by ELISA suggested the circulation of flaviviruses other than WNV. None of the tested mosquitoes was positive for WNV. The observed results constitute strong evidence of local exposure of the Lebanese population to this virus and the first report of equine WNV in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Zakhia
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar 6573/14, Lebanon; (R.Z.); (F.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Alan P. Dupuis
- Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12159, USA; (A.P.D.II); (L.D.K.)
| | - Fayçal Khodr
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar 6573/14, Lebanon; (R.Z.); (F.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Mahdi Fadel
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar 6573/14, Lebanon; (R.Z.); (F.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12159, USA; (A.P.D.II); (L.D.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Nabil Haddad
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar 6573/14, Lebanon; (R.Z.); (F.K.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Petersen E, Lucey D, Blumberg L, Kramer LD, Al-Abri S, Lee SS, Pinto TDCA, Obiero CW, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Yapi R, Abubakar A, Tambyah PA, Holmes A, Chen LH. COVID-19 vaccines under the International Health Regulations - We must use the WHO International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 104:175-177. [PMID: 33482380 PMCID: PMC7817399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eskild Petersen
- European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ESCMID, Basel, Switzerland; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark; International Society for Infectious Diseases, ISID, Boston, USA.
| | - Daniel Lucey
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Disease, Georgetown University Medstar Hospital, Washington DC, USA; Infectious Disease Society of America, IDSA, Arlington, USA
| | - Lucille Blumberg
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service and University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Laura D Kramer
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York, USA; International Society for Infectious Diseases, ISID, Boston, USA
| | - Seif Al-Abri
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Oman
| | - Shui Shan Lee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | - Christina W Obiero
- Clinical Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Richard Yapi
- Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, CEMV - Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Aisha Abubakar
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, ISID, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allison Holmes
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, ISID, Boston, USA; National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lin H Chen
- International Society of Travel Medicine, ISTM, Atlanta, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Travel Medicine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, USA
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26
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Onyango MG, Attardo GM, Kelly ET, Bialosuknia SM, Stout J, Banker E, Kuo L, Ciota AT, Kramer LD. Corrigendum: Zika Virus Infection Results in Biochemical Changes Associated With RNA Editing, Inflammatory and Antiviral Responses in Aedes albopictus. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:642886. [PMID: 33584601 PMCID: PMC7874036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.642886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Onyango
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Geoffrey M Attardo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Erin Taylor Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean M Bialosuknia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States.,School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Stout
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Elyse Banker
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Lili Kuo
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States.,School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States.,School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
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27
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Dupuis AP, Prusinski MA, Russell A, O'Connor C, Maffei JG, Oliver J, Howard JJ, Sherwood JA, Tober K, Rochlin I, Cucura M, Backenson B, Kramer LD. Serologic Survey of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Hunter-Harvested White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus), New York State. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 104:593-603. [PMID: 33350367 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sera from white-tailed deer (WTD, Odocoileus virginianus) hunter-harvested throughout New York State (NYS), 2007-2015, were tested by plaque reduction neutralization for antibodies against nine mosquito-borne viruses from the families Peribunyaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Togaviridae. Overall, 76.1% (373/490) of sampled WTD were seropositive against at least one virus, and 38.8% were exposed to multiple viruses. The seropositivity rate in adult WTD (78.0%) was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) than that in fawns (47.7%). Neutralizing antibodies against California serogroup viruses were most common in WTD sampled across all regions (67.1%), followed by the Bunyamwera serogroup (BUN) (37.6%). Jamestown Canyon and Cache Valley orthobunyaviruses were responsible for most California and BUN infections, respectively. Seroprevalence rates to West Nile virus were higher in samples originating from Long Island (LI) (19.0%) than in those originating from the central (7.3%), western (5.0%), and Hudson Valley (4.4%) regions of NYS. Antibodies to Eastern equine encephalitis virus were seen primarily in WTD from central NYS (5.1%), where annual enzootic activity occurs, but low rates were documented in western NYS (1.4%) and LI (1.7%). Low rates of Potosi and LaCrosse orthobunyavirus, and Highlands J virus antibodies were detected over the course of this investigation. St. Louis encephalitis virus (or a closely related virus) antibodies were detected in samples collected from central and western NYS, suggesting local virus transmission despite a lack of evidence from routine mosquito surveillance. Serologic results demonstrate the value of WTD in NYS as an indicator of arbovirus distribution and recent transmission on a relatively fine spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Dupuis
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Melissa A Prusinski
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Albany, New York
| | - Alexis Russell
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Albany, New York
| | - Collin O'Connor
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Albany, New York
| | - Joseph G Maffei
- New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
| | - JoAnne Oliver
- New York State Department of Health, Central New York Regional Office, Syracuse, New York
| | - John J Howard
- New York State Department of Health, Central New York Regional Office, Syracuse, New York
| | - James A Sherwood
- New York State Department of Health, Central New York Regional Office, Syracuse, New York
| | - Keith Tober
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Albany, New York
| | - Ilia Rochlin
- Division of Vector Control, Suffolk County Department of Public Works, Yaphank, New York
| | - Moses Cucura
- Division of Vector Control, Suffolk County Department of Public Works, Yaphank, New York
| | - Bryon Backenson
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Albany, New York
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York.,New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, New York
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Gloria-Soria A, Payne AF, Bialosuknia SM, Stout J, Mathias N, Eastwood G, Ciota AT, Kramer LD, Armstrong PM. Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus Populations from the Northeastern United States for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 104:1123-1130. [PMID: 33355070 PMCID: PMC7941830 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is an important vector of a number of arboviruses, including Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses, and has recently expanded its range in the eastern United States to southern New England and New York. Given the recent establishment and proliferation of Ae. albopictus in this region and the increasing amount of international travel between the United States and endemic countries, there is a need to elucidate the public health risk posed by this mosquito species in the Northeast. Accordingly, we evaluated the competence of four Ae. albopictus populations from Connecticut and New York, for two strains each of ZIKV, DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2), and CHIKV, currently circulating in the Americas, to evaluate the local transmission risk by this vector. We found that local Ae. albopictus populations are susceptible to infection by all three viruses but are most capable of transmitting CHIKV. Variation in competence was observed for ZIKV and CHIKV, driven by the virus strains and mosquito population, whereas competence was more homogeneous for the DENV-2 strains under evaluation. These results suggest that under optimal circumstances, Ae. albopictus could support localized transmission of these viruses and emphasize the importance of maintaining mosquito surveillance and control programs to suppress Ae. albopictus populations and limit further range expansion of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gloria-Soria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anne F. Payne
- The Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Sean M. Bialosuknia
- The Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Jessica Stout
- The Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Nicholas Mathias
- The Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York
| | - Gillian Eastwood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- The Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York
| | - Philip M. Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
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Dieme C, Ciota AT, Kramer LD. Transmission potential of Mayaro virus by Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus from the USA. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:613. [PMID: 33298165 PMCID: PMC7724717 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mayaro virus (MAYV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) is an emerging pathogen endemic in South American countries. The increase in intercontinental travel and tourism-based forest excursions has resulted in an increase in MAYV spread, with imported cases observed in Europe and North America. Intriguingly, no local transmission of MAYV has been reported outside South America, despite the presence of potential vectors. METHODS We assessed the vector competence of Aedes albopictus from New York and Anopheles quadrimaculatus for MAYV. RESULTS The results show that Ae. albopictus from New York and An. quadrimaculatus are competent vectors for MAYV. However, Ae. albopictus was more susceptible to infection. Transmission rates increased with time for both species, with rates of 37.16 and 64.44% for Ae. albopictus, and of 25.15 and 48.44% for An. quadrimaculatus, respectively, at 7 and 14 days post-infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest there is a risk of further MAYV spread throughout the Americas and autochthonous transmission in the USA. Preventive measures, such as mosquito surveillance of MAYV, will be essential for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constentin Dieme
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA.
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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30
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Oliver J, Tan Y, Haight JD, Tober KJ, Gall WK, Zink SD, Kramer LD, Campbell SR, Howard JJ, Das SR, Sherwood JA. Spatial and temporal expansions of Eastern equine encephalitis virus and phylogenetic groups isolated from mosquitoes and mammalian cases in New York State from 2013 to 2019. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1638-1650. [PMID: 32672516 PMCID: PMC7473153 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1774426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance for the emerging infectious disease Eastern equine encephalitis, and its causative virus in mosquitoes, continued within New York State from 2013 to 2019. There were increases in geographic area and number of consecutive years, with cases in four mammalian species, and virus in 11 mosquito species. The first cases in a goat and in an emu were reported. The first detection of virus in Aedes cinereus was reported. Virus in phylogenetic group NY4 was isolated from a horse and from mosquitoes 6 kilometers and 13 days apart in 2013. Phylogenetic groups NY4 and NY5 were found 15 days apart in two towns 280 kilometers distant in 2013. Within four adjacent counties there was a pattern of overlap, where four had NY5, two adjacent counties had NY6, two adjacent counties had NY7, and one county had NY5, NY6, and NY7, reducible to a Euler diagram. Virus in phylogenetic group NY5, found within an 11-kilometer wide area in New York State, was related to FL4 found in Florida 1,398 kilometers distant. This was consistent with a phylogenetic group originating in Florida, then being moved to a specific location in New York State, by migratory birds in consecutive years 2013 and 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne Oliver
- Central New York Regional Office, Department of Health, State of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Technology, State University of New York, Morrisville, NY, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamie D. Haight
- Vector Surveillance Unit, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, Department of Health, State of New York, Falconer, NY, USA
| | - Keith J. Tober
- Vector Surveillance Unit, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, Department of Health, State of New York, at State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wayne K. Gall
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Steven D. Zink
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Department of Health, State of New York, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Department of Health, State of New York, Slingerlands, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Scott R. Campbell
- Arthropod-Borne Disease Laboratory, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Yaphank, NY, USA
| | - John J. Howard
- Central New York Regional Office, Department of Health, State of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Suman R. Das
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James A. Sherwood
- Central New York Regional Office, Department of Health, State of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
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31
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Watts DM, Rodriguez CM, Palermo PM, Suarez V, Wong SJ, Orbegozo J, Dupuis AP, Kramer LD, Gonzalez FJ, Handel GA. Serosurvey for dengue virus infection among pregnant women in the West Nile virus enzootic community of El Paso Texas. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242889. [PMID: 33253280 PMCID: PMC7703982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
All 4 dengue viruses (DENV) cause sporadic outbreaks of human disease in the Rio Grande Valley along the US-Mexico border. In addition, West Nile virus (WNV) is enzootic in most border communities, and is the only arbovirus known to cause human disease in the El Paso, Texas community. In an effort to determine if DENV were also endemic in the El Paso community, a serosurvey was conducted among mothers at the time of delivery of their babies in selected hospitals. Cord-blood plasma samples obtained from mothers were tested for DENV antibody by an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and a multiplex microsphere immunoassay. All DENV antibody positive plasma samples were also tested for WNV antibody by the same assays to consider the possibility that DENV antibody positive samples reflected WNV cross reactive antibody. The results indicated that 0.74% (11/1,472) of the mothers had a previous DENV infection and that 3.3% (48/1,472) had a previous WNV infection. Of these mothers, 0.20% (3/1,472) had antibody to both DENV and WNV as evidence of infection by both viruses. The results indicated that 0.2% (3/1472) of the mothers were positive for antibody to only WNV envelope, thus suggesting an undetermined flavivirus infection. Although 6 of the 11 DENV antibody positive mothers did not have a history of travel to a DENV endemic country, the findings of this survey provided further evidence of local transmission of WNV and suggested the possibility of focal autochthonous transmission of DENV in the El Paso community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M. Watts
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pedro M. Palermo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veronica Suarez
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan J. Wong
- Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeanette Orbegozo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alan P. Dupuis
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Gilbert A. Handel
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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32
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Snyder-Keller A, Bolivar VJ, Zink S, Kramer LD. Brain Iron Accumulation and the Formation of Calcifications After Developmental Zika Virus Infection. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:767-776. [PMID: 32483612 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial calcifications (ICC) are the most common neuropathological finding in the brains of children exposed in utero to the Zika virus (ZIKV). Using a mouse model of developmental ZIKV infection, we reported widespread calcifications in the brains of susceptible mice that correlated in multiple ways with the behavioral deficits observed. Here, we examined the time course of ICC development and the role of iron deposition in this process, in 3 genetically distinct inbred strains of mice. Brain iron deposits were evident by Perls' staining at 2 weeks post infection, becoming increasingly dense and coinciding with calcium buildup and the formation of ICCs. A regional analysis of the brains of susceptible mice (C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ strains) revealed the presence of iron initially in regions containing many ZIKV-immunoreactive cells, but then spreading to regions containing few infected cells, most notably the thalamus and the fasciculus retroflexus. Microglial activation was widespread initially and later delineated the sites of ICC formation. Behavioral tests conducted at 5-6 weeks of age revealed greater deficits in mice with the most extensive iron deposition and calcification of subcortical regions, such as thalamus. These findings point to iron deposition as a key factor in the development of ICCs after developmental ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Snyder-Keller
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York
| | - Valerie J Bolivar
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York
| | - Steven Zink
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York
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33
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Li Z, Lang Y, Sakamuru S, Samrat S, Trudeau N, Kuo L, Rugenstein N, Tharappel A, D'Brant L, Koetzner CA, Hu S, Zhang J, Huang R, Kramer LD, Butler D, Xia M, Li H. Methylene blue is a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against Zika virus in vitro and in vivo. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2404-2416. [PMID: 33078696 PMCID: PMC7646565 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1838954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many flaviviruses including the Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus, Yellow Fever virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus are significant human pathogens, unfortunately without any specific therapy. Here, we demonstrate that methylene blue, an FDA-approved drug, is a broad-spectrum and potent antiviral against Zika virus and Dengue virus both in vitro and in vivo. We found that methylene blue can considerably inhibit the interactions between viral protease NS3 and its NS2B co-factor, inhibit viral protease activity, inhibit viral growth, protect 3D mini-brain organoids from ZIKV infection, and reduce viremia in a mouse model. Mechanistic studies confirmed that methylene blue works in both entry and post entry steps, reduces virus production in replicon cells and inhibited production of processed NS3 protein. Overall, we have shown that methylene blue is a potent antiviral for management of flavivirus infections, particularly for Zika virus. As an FDA-approved drug, methylene blue is well-tolerated for human use. Therefore, methylene blue represents a promising and easily developed therapy for management of infections by ZIKV and other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yuekun Lang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Subodh Samrat
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Lili Kuo
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Anil Tharappel
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Cheri A Koetzner
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Saiyang Hu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - David Butler
- The Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongmin Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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Onyango MG, Ciota AT, Kramer LD. The Vector - Host - Pathogen Interface: The Next Frontier in the Battle Against Mosquito-Borne Viral Diseases? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:564518. [PMID: 33178624 PMCID: PMC7596266 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.564518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented spread of mosquito-borne viruses and increasing populations of mosquito vectors has led to an increase in the frequency of mosquito-borne virus disease outbreaks. Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), among others have led to a concerted effort to understand the biology of mosquito-borne viruses and their interaction with their vector mosquito and vertebrate hosts. Recent studies have aimed to understand the vector-host-pathogen interface and how it influences infection, tropism and disease severity in the vertebrate host. The initial replication of the pathogen at the skin bite site is crucial in determining the progression of the infection in the vertebrate host. Delineating the role of the commensal microbes in the mosquito saliva as well as how they interact with the vertebrate host keratinocytes will improve our understanding of disease immunopathology and may lead to new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gorreti Onyango
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, United States.,School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Laura D Kramer
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, United States.,School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
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35
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Li Z, Xu J, Lang Y, Fan X, Kuo L, D'Brant L, Hu S, Samrat SK, Trudeau N, Tharappel AM, Rugenstein N, Koetzner CA, Zhang J, Chen H, Kramer LD, Butler D, Zhang QY, Zhou J, Li H. JMX0207, a Niclosamide Derivative with Improved Pharmacokinetics, Suppresses Zika Virus Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2616-2628. [PMID: 32866370 PMCID: PMC7559020 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses causes significant human disease. Recent outbreaks of the Zika virus highlight the need to develop effective therapies for this class of viruses. Previously we identified niclosamide as a broad-spectrum inhibitor for flaviviruses by targeting the interface between viral protease NS3 and its cofactor NS2B. Here, we screened a small library of niclosamide derivatives and identified a new analogue with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Compound JMX0207 showed improved efficacy in inhibition of the molecular interaction between NS3 and NS2B, better inhibition of viral protease function, and enhanced antiviral efficacy in the cell-based antiviral assay. The derivative also significantly reduced Zika virus infection on 3D mini-brain organoids derived from pluripotent neural stem cells. Intriguingly, the compound significantly reduced viremia in a Zika virus (ZIKV) animal model. In summary, a niclosamide derivative, JMX0207, was identified, which shows improved pharmacokinetics and efficacy against Zika virus both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Jimin Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Yuekun Lang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Lili Kuo
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Lianna D'Brant
- The Neural Stem Cell Institute, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Saiyang Hu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Subodh Kumar Samrat
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Nicole Trudeau
- The Neural Stem Cell Institute, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Anil M Tharappel
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Natasha Rugenstein
- The Neural Stem Cell Institute, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Cheri A Koetzner
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - David Butler
- The Neural Stem Cell Institute, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Hongmin Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12201, United States
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36
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Onyango MG, Attardo GM, Kelly ET, Bialosuknia SM, Stout J, Banker E, Kuo L, Ciota AT, Kramer LD. Zika Virus Infection Results in Biochemical Changes Associated With RNA Editing, Inflammatory and Antiviral Responses in Aedes albopictus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:559035. [PMID: 33133033 PMCID: PMC7561680 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.559035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and significant range expansion of both the Zika virus (ZIKV) and its Aedes vector species has resulted in the declaration of ZIKV as a global health threat. Successful transmission of ZIKV by its vector requires a complex series of interactions between these entities including the establishment, replication and dissemination of the virus within the mosquito. The metabolic conditions within the mosquito tissues play a critical role in mediating the crucial processes of viral infection and replication and represent targets for prevention of virus transmission. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive metabolomic phenotyping of ZIKV infected and uninfected Ae. albopictus by untargeted analysis of primary metabolites, lipids and biogenic amines. We performed a comparative metabolomic study of infection state with the aim of understanding the biochemical changes resulting from the interaction between the ZIKV and its vector. We have demonstrated that ZIKV infection results in changes to the cellular metabolic environment including a significant enrichment of inosine and pseudo-uridine (Ψ) levels which may be associated with RNA editing activity. In addition, infected mosquitoes demonstrate a hypoglycemic phenotype and show significant increases in the abundance of metabolites such as prostaglandin H2, leukotriene D4 and protoporphyrinogen IX which are associated with antiviral activity. These provide a basis for understanding the biochemical response to ZIKV infection and pathology in the vector. Future mechanistic studies targeting these ZIKV infection responsive metabolites and their associated biosynthetic pathways can provide inroads to identification of mosquito antiviral responses with infection blocking potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Onyango
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Geoffrey M. Attardo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Erin Taylor Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean M. Bialosuknia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
- School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Stout
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Elyse Banker
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Lili Kuo
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
- School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States
- School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
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37
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Kuo L, Jaeger AS, Banker EM, Bialosuknia SM, Mathias N, Payne AF, Kramer LD, Aliota MT, Ciota AT. Reversion to ancestral Zika virus NS1 residues increases competence of Aedes albopictus. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008951. [PMID: 33052957 PMCID: PMC7588074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both mosquito species-specific differences and virus strain -specific differences impact vector competence. Previous results in our laboratory with individual populations of N. American mosquitoes support studies suggesting Aedes aegypti are more competent than Ae. albopictus for American Zika virus (ZIKV) strains and demonstrate that U.S. Ae. albopictus have higher competence for an ancestral Asian ZIKV strain. A982V, an amino acid substitution in the NS1 gene acquired prior to the American outbreak, has been shown to increase competence in Ae. aegypti. We hypothesized that variability in the NS1 could therefore contribute to species-specific differences and developed a reverse genetics system based on a 2016 ZIKV isolate from Honduras (ZIKV-WTic) to evaluate the phenotypic correlates of individual amino acid substitutions. In addition to A982V, we evaluated G894A, which was acquired during circulation in the Americas. Reversion of 982 and 894 to ancestral residues increased infectivity, transmissibility and viral loads in Ae. albopictus but had no effect on competence or replication in Ae. aegypti. In addition, while host cell-specific differences in NS1 secretion were measured, with significantly higher secretion in mammalian cells relative to mosquito cells, strain-specific differences in secretion were not detected, despite previous reports. These results demonstrate that individual mutations in NS1 can influence competence in a species-specific manner independent of differences in NS1 secretion and further indicate that ancestral NS1 residues confer increased competence in Ae. albopictus. Lastly, experimental infections of Ifnar1-/- mice demonstrated that these NS1 substitutions can influence viral replication in the host and, specifically, that G894A could represent a compensatory change following a fitness loss from A982V with some viral genetic backgrounds. Together these data suggest a possible role for epistatic interactions in ZIKV fitness in invertebrate and vertebrate hosts and demonstrate that strains with increased transmission potential in U.S. Ae. albopictus could emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kuo
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Anna S. Jaeger
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Elyse M. Banker
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Bialosuknia
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Mathias
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Anne F. Payne
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
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38
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Morens DM, Breman JG, Calisher CH, Doherty PC, Hahn BH, Keusch GT, Kramer LD, LeDuc JW, Monath TP, Taubenberger JK. The Origin of COVID-19 and Why It Matters. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:955-959. [PMID: 32700664 PMCID: PMC7470595 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is among the deadliest infectious diseases to have emerged in recent history. As with all past pandemics, the specific mechanism of its emergence in humans remains unknown. Nevertheless, a large body of virologic, epidemiologic, veterinary, and ecologic data establishes that the new virus, SARS-CoV-2, evolved directly or indirectly from a β-coronavirus in the sarbecovirus (SARS-like virus) group that naturally infect bats and pangolins in Asia and Southeast Asia. Scientists have warned for decades that such sarbecoviruses are poised to emerge again and again, identified risk factors, and argued for enhanced pandemic prevention and control efforts. Unfortunately, few such preventive actions were taken resulting in the latest coronavirus emergence detected in late 2019 which quickly spread pandemically. The risk of similar coronavirus outbreaks in the future remains high. In addition to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, we must undertake vigorous scientific, public health, and societal actions, including significantly increased funding for basic and applied research addressing disease emergence, to prevent this tragic history from repeating itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Morens
- American Committee on Arthropod-Borne Viruses, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Arlington, Virginia.,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joel G Breman
- American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Charles H Calisher
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Peter C Doherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerald T Keusch
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York.,Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - James W LeDuc
- Galveston National Laboratory and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Thomas P Monath
- Crozet BioPharma LLC, Devens, Massachusetts.,American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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39
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Eskildsen GA, Kramer LD, Zink SD, Dupuis AP, Wong SJ, Furuya A, Loaiza JR. Integrated Arbovirus Surveillance Improves the Detection Onset of Zika Virus in Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:985-987. [PMID: 32228787 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested 700 serum samples collected throughout Panama from 2015 to 2016 for detecting antibodies and RNA of arboviruses. In convalescent specimens, microsphere immunoassay detected an antibody prevalence of 59.3% for dengue virus (DENV) and 30.3% for Zika virus (ZIKV), which included samples that were collected before the Panamanian surveillance system reported the first case of Zika in the country. For acute sera, the most common arbovirus was DENV with 18 positive samples (6%), followed by four (1.3%) of ZIKV and one (0.6%) of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Our results indicate a change in the chronology of when ZIKV was first detected in Panama and stress the importance of integrating various approaches to enable improved surveillance of both endemic and emerging arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto A Eskildsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India.,Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Laura D Kramer
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Steven D Zink
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Alan P Dupuis
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Susan J Wong
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Andrea Furuya
- New York State Department of Health, The Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Jose R Loaiza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá, República de Panamá.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Republic of Panama.,Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Republic of Panama
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40
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Abstract
The fidelity of flaviviruses is thought to be tightly regulated for optimal fitness within and between hosts. West Nile virus (WNV) high-fidelity (HiFi) mutations V793I and G806R within the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and low-fidelity (LoFi) mutation T248I within the methyltransferase, were previously shown to attenuate infectivity and replicative fitness in Culex mosquitoes and Culex tarsalis (CXT) cells but not in mammalian cells. We hypothesized that fidelity alterations would modify adaptation and maintenance in a host-specific manner. To test this hypothesis, wild-type (WT), HiFi (V793I/G806R) and LoFi (T248I) variants were sequentially passaged eight times in avian (PDE) or mosquito cells, or alternately between the two. Initial characterization confirmed that fidelity mutants are attenuated in mosquito, but not avian, cells. Deep sequencing revealed mutations unique to both cell lines and fidelity mutants, including ENV G1378A, a mutation associated with avian cell adaptation. To characterize maintenance and adaptation, viral outputs were monitored throughout passaging and viral fitness was assessed. The results indicate that fidelity mutants can at times recover fitness during mosquito cell passage, but remain attenuated relative to WT. Despite similar initial fitness, LoFi mutants were impaired during sequential passage in avian cells. Conversely, HiFi mutants passaged in avian cells showed increased adaptation, suggesting that increased fidelity may be advantageous in avian hosts. Although some adaptation occurred with individual mutants, the output titres of fidelity mutants were on average lower and were often lost during host switching. These data confirm that arbovirus fidelity is likely fine-tuned to maximize survival in disparate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley S Caldwell
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kiet Ngo
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Janice D Pata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
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41
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Onyango MG, Bialosuknia SM, Payne AF, Mathias N, Kuo L, Vigneron A, DeGennaro M, Ciota AT, Kramer LD. Increased temperatures reduce the vectorial capacity of Aedes mosquitoes for Zika virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:67-77. [PMID: 31894724 PMCID: PMC6968261 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1707125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and significant range expansion of both Zika virus (ZIKV) and its Aedes vector species has resulted in ZIKV being declared a global health threat. Mean temperatures are projected to increase globally, likely resulting in alterations of the transmission potential of mosquito-borne pathogens. To understand the effect of diurnal temperature range on the vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for ZIKV, longevity, blood-feeding and vector competence were assessed at two temperature regimes following feeding on infectious blood meals. Higher temperatures resulted in decreased longevity of Ae. aegypti [Log-rank test, χ2, df 35.66, 5, P < 0.001] and a decrease in blood-feeding rates of Ae. albopictus [Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001]. Temperature had a population and species-specific impact on ZIKV infection rates. Overall, Ae. albopictus reared at the lowest temperature regime demonstrated the highest vectorial capacity (0.53) and the highest transmission efficiency (57%). Increased temperature decreased vectorial capacity across groups yet more significant effects were measured with Ae. aegypti relative to Ae. albopictus. The results of this study suggest that future increases in temperature in the Americas could significantly impact vector competence, blood-feeding and longevity, and potentially decrease the overall vectorial capacity of Aedes mosquitoes in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean M Bialosuknia
- Griffin Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA.,School of Public Health, State University of New York Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Anne F Payne
- Griffin Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Mathias
- Griffin Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Lili Kuo
- Griffin Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Aurélien Vigneron
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew DeGennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- Griffin Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA.,School of Public Health, State University of New York Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Griffin Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA.,School of Public Health, State University of New York Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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42
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Kramer LD, Ciota AT, Kilpatrick AM. Introduction, Spread, and Establishment of West Nile Virus in the Americas. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1448-1455. [PMID: 31549719 PMCID: PMC7182919 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) to North America in 1999 and its subsequent rapid spread across the Americas demonstrated the potential impact of arboviral introductions to new regions, and this was reinforced by the subsequent introductions of chikungunya and Zika viruses. Extensive studies of host-pathogen-vector-environment interactions over the past two decades have illuminated many aspects of the ecology and evolution of WNV and other arboviruses, including the potential for pathogen adaptation to hosts and vectors, the influence of climate, land use and host immunity on transmission ecology, and the difficulty in preventing the establishment of a zoonotic pathogen with abundant wildlife reservoirs. Here, we focus on outstanding questions concerning the introduction, spread, and establishment of WNV in the Americas, and what it can teach us about the future of arboviral introductions. Key gaps in our knowledge include the following: viral adaptation and coevolution of hosts, vectors and the virus; the mechanisms and species involved in the large-scale spatial spread of WNV; how weather modulates WNV transmission; the drivers of large-scale variation in enzootic transmission; the ecology of WNV transmission in Latin America; and the relative roles of each component of host-virus-vector interactions in spatial and temporal variation in WNV transmission. Integrative studies that examine multiple factors and mechanisms simultaneously are needed to advance our knowledge of mechanisms driving transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Kramer
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY
| | - A Marm Kilpatrick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA
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43
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Bialosuknia SM, Tan Y, Zink SD, Koetzner CA, Maffei JG, Halpin RA, Mueller EA, Novotny M, Shilts M, Fedorova NB, Amedeo P, Das SR, Pickett B, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Erratum: Evolutionary dynamics and molecular epidemiology of West Nile virus in New York State: 1999-2015. Virus Evol 2019; 5:vez035. [PMID: 31448130 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez020.].
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44
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Gutiérrez-López R, Bialosuknia SM, Ciota AT, Montalvo T, Martínez-de la Puente J, Gangoso L, Figuerola J, Kramer LD. Vector Competence of Aedes caspius and Ae. albopictus Mosquitoes for Zika Virus, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:346-348. [PMID: 30666939 PMCID: PMC6346449 DOI: 10.3201/eid2502.171123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the vector competence of Aedes caspius and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Spain for the transmission of Zika virus. Whereas Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were a competent vector, Ae. caspius mosquitoes were unable to transmit Zika virus. We also identified high levels of vertical transmission of Zika virus in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes.
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45
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Bialosuknia SM, Tan Y, Zink SD, Koetzner CA, Maffei JG, Halpin RA, Mueller EA, Novotny M, Shilts M, Fedorova NB, Amedeo P, Das SR, Pickett B, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Evolutionary dynamics and molecular epidemiology of West Nile virus in New York State: 1999-2015. Virus Evol 2019; 5:vez020. [PMID: 31341640 PMCID: PMC6642743 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following its introduction into New York State (NYS) in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV; Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) underwent a rapid expansion throughout the USA and into Canada and Latin America. WNV has been characterized as being evolutionarily stable, with weak geographic structure, a dominance of purifying selection and limited adaptive change. We analyzed all available full-genome WNV sequences, focusing on the 543 available sequences from NYS, which included 495 newly sequenced 2000–15 isolates. In addition, we analyzed deep-sequencing data from 317 of these isolates. While our data are generally in agreement with the limited pace of evolutionary change and broad geographic and temporal mixing identified in other studies, we have identified some important exceptions. Most notably, there are 14 codons which demonstrated evidence of positive selection as determined by multiple models, including some positions with evidence of selection in NYS exclusively. Coincident with increased WNV activity, genotypes possessing one or more of these mutations, designated NY01, NY07, and NY10, have increased in prevalence in recent years and displaced historic strains. In addition, we have found a geographical bias with many of these mutations, which suggests selective pressures and adaptations could be regional. Lastly, our deep-sequencing data suggest both increased overall diversity in avian tissue isolates relative to mosquito isolates and multiple non-synonymous minority variants that are both host-specific and retained over time and space. Together, these data provide novel insight into the evolutionary pressures on WNV and the need for continued genetic surveillance and characterization of emergent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bialosuknia
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 1161 21st Street, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven D Zink
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Cheri A Koetzner
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Joseph G Maffei
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Halpin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Emmi A Mueller
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mark Novotny
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Meghan Shilts
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 1161 21st Street, Nashville, TN, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nadia B Fedorova
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Amedeo
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Suman R Das
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 1161 21st Street, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brett Pickett
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Virology, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselear, NY, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselear, NY, USA
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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46
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Keyel AC, Elison Timm O, Backenson PB, Prussing C, Quinones S, McDonough KA, Vuille M, Conn JE, Armstrong PM, Andreadis TG, Kramer LD. Seasonal temperatures and hydrological conditions improve the prediction of West Nile virus infection rates in Culex mosquitoes and human case counts in New York and Connecticut. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217854. [PMID: 31158250 PMCID: PMC6546252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV; Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) is a widely distributed arthropod-borne virus that has negatively affected human health and animal populations. WNV infection rates of mosquitoes and human cases have been shown to be correlated with climate. However, previous studies have been conducted at a variety of spatial and temporal scales, and the scale-dependence of these relationships has been understudied. We tested the hypothesis that climate variables are important to understand these relationships at all spatial scales. We analyzed the influence of climate on WNV infection rate of mosquitoes and number of human cases in New York and Connecticut using Random Forests, a machine learning technique. During model development, 66 climate-related variables based on temperature, precipitation and soil moisture were tested for predictive skill. We also included 20-21 non-climatic variables to account for known environmental effects (e.g., land cover and human population), surveillance related information (e.g., relative mosquito abundance), and to assess the potential explanatory power of other relevant factors (e.g., presence of wastewater treatment plants). Random forest models were used to identify the most important climate variables for explaining spatial-temporal variation in mosquito infection rates (abbreviated as MLE). The results of the cross-validation support our hypothesis that climate variables improve the predictive skill for MLE at county- and trap-scales and for human cases at the county-scale. Of the climate-related variables selected, mean minimum temperature from July-September was selected in all analyses, and soil moisture was selected for the mosquito county-scale analysis. Models demonstrated predictive skill, but still over- and under-estimated WNV MLE and numbers of human cases. Models at fine spatial scales had lower absolute errors but had greater errors relative to the mean infection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Keyel
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Oliver Elison Timm
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - P. Bryon Backenson
- Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Catharine Prussing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Sarah Quinones
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. McDonough
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Mathias Vuille
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Jan E. Conn
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Armstrong
- Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Theodore G. Andreadis
- Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experimental Station, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) has become one of the most medically important mosquito-borne viruses because of its ability to cause microcephaly in utero and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. This virus emerged from its sylvatic cycle in Africa to cause an outbreak in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia in 2007, French Polynesia in 2014, and most recently South America in 2015. The rapid expansion of ZIKV in the Americas largely has been due to the biology and behavior of its vector, Aedes aegypti. Other arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti include the 2 flaviviruses dengue virus and yellow fever virus and the alphavirus chikungunya virus, which are also (re)emerging viruses in the Americas. This mosquito vector is highly domesticated, living in close association with humans in urban households. Its eggs are desiccation resistant, and the larvae develop rapidly in subtropical and tropical environments. Climate warming is facilitating range expansion of Ae. aegypti, adding to the threat this mosquito poses to human health, especially in light of the difficulty controlling it. Aedes albopictus, another highly invasive arbovirus vector that has only been implicated in one country (Gabon), is an important vector of ZIKV, but because of its wide geographic distribution may become a more important vector in the future. This article discusses the historical background of ZIKV and the biology and ecology of these 2 vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Kauffman
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany.,School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany
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48
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Kramer LD, Long MT. Editorial overview. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 27:iv-v. [PMID: 29223217 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Maureen T Long
- Fern Audette Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Veterinary Academic Building V3-157, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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49
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Kim SY, Koetzner CA, Payne AF, Nierode GJ, Yu Y, Wang R, Barr E, Dordick JS, Kramer LD, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycan Compositional Analysis of Relevant Tissues in Zika Virus Pathogenesis and in Vitro Evaluation of Heparin as an Antiviral against Zika Virus Infection. Biochemistry 2019; 58:1155-1166. [PMID: 30698412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped RNA virus from the flavivirus family that can cause fetal neural abnormalities in pregnant women. Previously, we established that ZIKV-EP (envelope protein) binds to human placental chondroitin sulfate (CS), suggesting that CS may be a potential host cell surface receptor in ZIKV pathogenesis. In this study, we further characterized the GAG disaccharide composition of other biological tissues (i.e., mosquitoes, fetal brain cells, and eye tissues) in ZIKV pathogenesis to investigate the role of tissue specific GAGs. Heparan sulfate (HS) was the major GAG, and levels of HS-6-sulfo, HS 0S (unsulfated HS), and CS 4S disaccharides were the main differences in the GAG composition of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. In human fetal neural progenitor and differentiated cells, HS 0S and CS 4S were the main disaccharides. A change in disaccharide composition levels was observed between undifferentiated and differentiated cells. In different regions of the bovine eyes, CS was the major GAG, and the amounts of hyaluronic acid or keratan sulfate varied depending on the region of the eye. Next, we examined heparin (HP) of various structures to investigate their potential in vitro antiviral activity against ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV) infection in Vero cells. All compounds effectively inhibited DENV replication; however, they surprisingly promoted ZIKV replication. HP of longer chain lengths more strongly promoted activity in ZIKV replication. This study further expands our understanding of role of GAGs in ZIKV pathogenesis and carbohydrate-based antivirals against flaviviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Cheri A Koetzner
- Wadsworth Center , New York State Department of Health , Slingerlands , New York 12159 , United States
| | - Anne F Payne
- Wadsworth Center , New York State Department of Health , Slingerlands , New York 12159 , United States
| | - Gregory J Nierode
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Evan Barr
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States.,Department of Biological Science, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center , New York State Department of Health , Slingerlands , New York 12159 , United States.,State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Graduate Program, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States.,Department of Biological Science, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
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50
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Marcinkiewicz AL, Dupuis AP, Zamba-Campero M, Nowak N, Kraiczy P, Ram S, Kramer LD, Lin YP. Blood treatment of Lyme borreliae demonstrates the mechanism of CspZ-mediated complement evasion to promote systemic infection in vertebrate hosts. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e12998. [PMID: 30571845 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and Europe. The spirochetes are transmitted from mammalian and avian reservoir hosts to humans via ticks. Following tick bites, spirochetes colonize the host skin and then disseminate haematogenously to various organs, a process that requires this pathogen to evade host complement, an innate immune defence system. CspZ, a spirochete surface protein, facilitates resistance to complement-mediated killing in vitro by binding to the complement regulator, factor H (FH). Low expression levels of CspZ in spirochetes cultivated in vitro or during initiation of infection in vivo have been a major hurdle in delineating the role of this protein in pathogenesis. Here, we show that treatment of B. burgdorferi with human blood induces CspZ production and enhances resistance to complement. By contrast, a cspZ-deficient mutant and a strain that expressed an FH-nonbinding CspZ variant were impaired in their ability to cause bacteraemia and colonize tissues of mice or quail; virulence of these mutants was however restored in complement C3-deficient mice. These novel findings suggest that FH binding to CspZ facilitates B. burgdorferi complement evasion in vivo and promotes systemic infection in vertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Marcinkiewicz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Alan P Dupuis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Maxime Zamba-Campero
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Nowak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraiczy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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