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Palermo PM, Orbegozo J, Watts DM, Morrill JC. Serosurveillance for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody in Feral Swine and White-Tailed Deer in Texas. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023. [PMID: 37163291 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Serological evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been reported in white-tailed deer (WTD) in the United States and Canada. Even though WTD are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is no evidence of infection by this virus in other mammalian species that might interact with WTD in nature. Similar to WTD, feral swine are widely distributed and generally occupy the same range as WTD in Texas. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in WTD during 2020 and 2021 and determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in feral swine during 2018 (prepandemic period) and from March 2020 to February 2021 (pandemic period) in Travis County, Texas. Materials and Methods: Sera samples were collected from hunter-killed WTD and feral swine during the prepandemic and pandemic period and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibody by a plaque reduction neutralization assay in Vero cells. Results: SARS-CoV-2 antibody was not detected in any of the 166 feral swine sera samples, including 24 samples collected during the prepandemic and 142 samples collected during the pandemic period. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 antibody was not detected in the 115 WTD samples collected during late 2020, but antibody was detected in WTD in early 2021. Conclusions: The results indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection of WTD occurred during early 2021 in Travis County, Texas, but serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was not detected in the feral swine samples collected from the same locality and during the same time period of the collection of WTD samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Palermo
- Department of Biological Science and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jeanette Orbegozo
- Department of Biological Science and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Douglas M Watts
- Department of Biological Science and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - John C Morrill
- Orion Research and Management Services, Gatesville, Texas, USA
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Watts DM, Westover JLB, Palermo PM, Bailey KW, Morrill JC, Bettinger GE, Monath TP, Smith DR, Peters CJ, Pittman PR, Orbegozo J, Gowen BB. Estimation of the Minimal Rift Valley Fever Virus Protective Neutralizing Antibody Titer in Human Volunteers Immunized with MP-12 Vaccine Based on Protection in a Mouse Model of Disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:1091-1098. [PMID: 36122681 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) MP-12 vaccine is a promising human and veterinary vaccine. Although the vaccine elicited neutralizing antibody (nAb) in human volunteers, the minimal antibody titer that is needed to afford protection is unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the minimal nAb titer elicited by the RVFV MP-12 vaccine in human volunteers that protected mice against lethal RVFV challenge as a surrogate assessment of the protective efficacy of the vaccine. Among volunteers who were vaccinated with the MP-12 vaccine during a phase II trial, sera with antibody titers of 1:20 collected 5 years post-vaccination (PV), 1:40 titer collected 2 years PV, and 1:80 titer collected 1 year PV was passively transferred to groups of BALB/c mice. Blood samples were obtained 1 day after passive transfer to determine the RVFV neutralizing nAb titer before challenge with pathogenic RVFV (strain ZH501). Our results indicated that 1 day after passive transfer of the immune sera, an approximate 4-fold reduction in circulating nAb titers was detected in the mice. The presence of RVFV nAb titers in the range of 1:5 to 1:20 were generally protective (75-100% survival). These results suggested that circulating titers of 1:5 or higher offer a high degree of protection by MP-12-elicited antibody in human volunteers. Also, the findings highlighted the value of using the BALB/c mouse RVFV challenge model as a surrogate for evaluating the protective nAb responses elicited by MP-12 and possible use for evaluating the efficacy of other RVFV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Jonna L B Westover
- Institute for Antiviral Research and Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary 12 Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Pedro M Palermo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Kevin W Bailey
- Institute for Antiviral Research and Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary 12 Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - John C Morrill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas
| | - George E Bettinger
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | | | - Darci R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Clarence J Peters
- Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas
| | - Phillip R Pittman
- Department of Clinical Research 2 U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jeanette Orbegozo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Brian B Gowen
- Institute for Antiviral Research and Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary 12 Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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Abstract
Serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among white-tailed deer has been reported from Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York. This study was conducted to determine whether deer in Texas also had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Archived sera samples collected from deer in Travis County, Texas, during 2018, before and during the pandemic in 2021 were tested for neutralizing antibody to this virus by a standard plaque reduction neutralization assay. SARS-CoV-2 antibody was not detected in 40 deer sera samples collected during 2018, but 37% (20/54) samples collected in 2021 were positive for antibody. The seroprevalence rate between males and females differed significantly (p < 0.05) and the highest rate (82%) was detected in the 1.5-year-old animals. These findings extended the geographical range of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection among white-tailed deer in the United States and further confirm that infection was common among this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Palermo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jeanette Orbegozo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Douglas M Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - John C Morrill
- Orion Research and Management Services, Gatesville, Texas, USA
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Watts DM, Rodriguez CM, Palermo PM, Suarez V, Wong SJ, Orbegozo J, Dupuis AP, Kramer LD, Gonzalez FJ, Handel GA. Serosurvey for dengue virus infection among pregnant women in the West Nile virus enzootic community of El Paso Texas. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242889. [PMID: 33253280 PMCID: PMC7703982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
All 4 dengue viruses (DENV) cause sporadic outbreaks of human disease in the Rio Grande Valley along the US-Mexico border. In addition, West Nile virus (WNV) is enzootic in most border communities, and is the only arbovirus known to cause human disease in the El Paso, Texas community. In an effort to determine if DENV were also endemic in the El Paso community, a serosurvey was conducted among mothers at the time of delivery of their babies in selected hospitals. Cord-blood plasma samples obtained from mothers were tested for DENV antibody by an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and a multiplex microsphere immunoassay. All DENV antibody positive plasma samples were also tested for WNV antibody by the same assays to consider the possibility that DENV antibody positive samples reflected WNV cross reactive antibody. The results indicated that 0.74% (11/1,472) of the mothers had a previous DENV infection and that 3.3% (48/1,472) had a previous WNV infection. Of these mothers, 0.20% (3/1,472) had antibody to both DENV and WNV as evidence of infection by both viruses. The results indicated that 0.2% (3/1472) of the mothers were positive for antibody to only WNV envelope, thus suggesting an undetermined flavivirus infection. Although 6 of the 11 DENV antibody positive mothers did not have a history of travel to a DENV endemic country, the findings of this survey provided further evidence of local transmission of WNV and suggested the possibility of focal autochthonous transmission of DENV in the El Paso community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M. Watts
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pedro M. Palermo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veronica Suarez
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan J. Wong
- Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeanette Orbegozo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alan P. Dupuis
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Gilbert A. Handel
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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Abstract
White-tailed deer (WTD) are abundant mammals widely distributed across the United States. As a result, WTD are considered to be excellent sentinels for detecting arboviral activity in certain geographic areas. Evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) antibody in WTD has been reported previously in several states. However, WNV infection in WTD has not been reported from Texas, where the incidence of human West Nile (WN) cases is among the highest in the United States. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of WNV antibody in WTD in central Texas. Sera samples (n = 644) were collected from deer during the fall and winter in western Travis County, Texas from 2014 to 2018 and tested for WNV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA antibody-positive samples were further tested for WNV and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) antibodies by an 80% plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNT80). Overall, 9% (n = 58) and 0.31% (n = 2) of the deer samples had serological evidence of WNV and SLEV infections, respectively. WNV seroprevalence differed significantly by age (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between sex. Interestingly, 3.1% (n = 20) of the samples were positive for Flavivirus IgG antibody by ELISA, but negative for SLEV and WNV antibodies, suggesting that other Flaviviruses may be circulating among WTD in Texas. Finally, these results supported WNV infection among WTD and highlight their potential role as sentinels for the detection of WNV in Texas and warrant further studies to determine the role WTD play in the maintenance and transmission of WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Palermo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jeanette Orbegozo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - John C. Morrill
- Orion Research and Management Services, Gatesville, Texas, USA
| | - Douglas M. Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Orbegozo J, Solorzano D, Cuellar WJ, Bartolini I, Roman ML, Ghislain M, Kreuze J. Marker-free PLRV resistant potato mediated by Cre-loxP excision and RNAi. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:813-828. [PMID: 27544267 PMCID: PMC5104775 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An inverted repeat construct corresponding to a segment of the potato leaf roll virus coat protein gene was created under control of a constitutive promoter and transferred into a transformation vector with a heat inducible Cre-loxP system to excise the nptII antibiotic resistance marker gene. Fifty-eight transgenic events were evaluated for resistance to PLRV by greenhouse inoculations, which lead to the identification of 7 highly resistant events, of which 4 were extremely resistant. This resistance was also highly effective against accumulation in subsequent tuber generations from inoculated plants, which has not been reported before. Northern blot analysis showed correlation of PLRV specific siRNA accumulation with the level of PLRV resistance. Heat mediated excision of the nptII antibiotic resistance gene in PLRV resistant events was highly efficient in one event with full excision in 71 % of treated explants. On the other hand 8 out of 10 analyzed events showed truncated T-DNA insertions lacking one of the two loxP sites as determined by PCR and confirmed by sequencing flanking regions in 2 events, suggesting cryptic LB sites in the non-coding region between the nptII gene and the flanking loxP site. Accordingly, it is proposed to modify the Cre-loxP vector by reducing the 1 kb size of the region between nptII, loxP, and the LB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Orbegozo
- International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru
- West University Av. C/O Veterinary Service, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Dennis Solorzano
- International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru
- Dirección de Salud (DISA) II, Ministerio de Salud, Lima 04, Peru
| | - Wilmer J Cuellar
- International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Ida Bartolini
- International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria (SENASA), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Marc Ghislain
- International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru
- CIP, P.O. Box 25171, Nairobi, 00603, Kenya
| | - Jan Kreuze
- International Potato Center (CIP), P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru.
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Román ML, Rivera C, Orbegozo J, Serna F, Gamboa S, Perez W, Suarez V, Forbes G, Kreuze J, Ghislain M. Resistencia a Phytophthora infestans linaje clonal EC-1 en Solanum tuberosum mediante la introducción del gen RB. Rev peru biol 2015. [DOI: 10.15381/rpb.v22i1.11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Orbegozo J, Román ML, Rivera C, Tovar JC, Pérez W, Gamboa S, Forbes G, Kreuze J, Ghislain M. Agrotransformación y evaluación de la resistencia a Phytophthora infestansen Solanum tuberosum L. variedad Désirée. Rev peru biol 2014. [DOI: 10.15381/rpb.v20i3.5202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Orbegozo J, Abanto M, García R, Ramírez P. Identificación molecular de Pichia guillermondii aislada de aguas ácidas de minas en el Perú y su resistencia a metales pesados. Rev peru biol 2013. [DOI: 10.15381/rpb.v15i1.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Girardet J, Rivero M, Orbegozo J, David T, Boulanger S, Johnston S, Marin V. P162 - Tolérance d’une formule infantile de protéines de riz hydrolysées. Arch Pediatr 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(10)70562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate cases and results of keratomycosis that developed after cataract surgery. SETTING Hospital de Guipúzcoa, San Sebastián, Spain. METHODS This retrospective study comprised 8 patients who developed keratomycosis soon after cataract surgery. RESULTS Culture analysis revealed 7 cases of Aspergillus fumigatus and 1 of Aspergillus flavus. After medical treatment with antifungal agents, 6 cases resolved and 2 required evisceration. CONCLUSIONS The presence of fungi in corneal ulcers that develop after cataract surgery should be considered. Initiation of early treatment determines the prognosis. Among the therapeutic options, collagen shields soaked in amphotericin B may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mendicute
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Guipúzcoa, San Sebastián, Spain
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Alpert S, Idarraga S, Orbegozo J, Rosenthal AM. Absence of electromyographic evidence of lower motor neuron involvement in hemiplegic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1971; 52:179-81. [PMID: 5574693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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