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Rose JP, Kim R, Schoenig EJ, Lien PC, Halstead BJ. Comparing reintroduction strategies for the endangered San Francisco gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) using demographic models. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292379. [PMID: 37796777 PMCID: PMC10553336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For endangered species persisting in a few populations, reintroductions to unoccupied habitat are a popular conservation action to increase viability in the long term. Identifying the reintroduction strategy that is most likely to result in viable founder and donor populations is essential to optimally use resources available for conservation. The San Francisco gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) is an endangered sub-species that persists in a small number of populations in a highly urbanized region of California. Most of the extant populations of San Francisco gartersnakes have low adult abundance and effective population size, heightening the need for establishment of more populations for insurance against the risk of extinction. We used simulations from demographic models to project the probability of quasi-extinction for reintroduced populations of San Francisco gartersnakes based on the release of neonate, juvenile, adult, or mixed-age propagules. Our simulation results indicated that the release of head-started juveniles resulted in the greatest viability of reintroduced populations, and that releases would need to continue for at least 15 years to ensure a low probability of quasi-extinction. Releasing captive-bred juvenile snakes would also have less effect on the viability of the donor population, compared to strategies that require more adult snakes to be removed from the donor population for translocation. Our models focus on snake demography, but the genetic makeup of donor, captive, and reintroduced populations will also be a major concern for any proposed reintroduction plan. This study demonstrates how modeling can be used to inform reintroduction strategies for highly imperiled species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Rose
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Richard Kim
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon, California, United States of America
| | - Elliot J. Schoenig
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Lien
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon, California, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Halstead
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon, California, United States of America
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2
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Stojanovic D, McLennan E, Olah G, Cobden M, Heinsohn R, Manning AD, Alves F, Hogg C, Rayner L. Reproductive skew in a Vulnerable bird favors breeders that monopolize nest cavities. Anim Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Stojanovic
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - E. McLennan
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - G. Olah
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - M. Cobden
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - R. Heinsohn
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - A. D. Manning
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - F. Alves
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - C. Hogg
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - L. Rayner
- ACT Parks and Conservation Service, Australian Capital Territory Government Canberra Australia
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3
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A decade of genetic monitoring reveals increased inbreeding for the Endangered western leopard toad, Sclerophrys pantherina. CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Al Rawahi Q, Mijangos JL, Khatkar MS, Al Abri MA, AlJahdhami MH, Kaden J, Senn H, Brittain K, Gongora J. Rescued back from extinction in the wild: past, present and future of the genetics of the Arabian oryx in Oman. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:210558. [PMID: 35308631 PMCID: PMC8924751 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Arabian oryx was the first species to be rescued from extinction in the wild by the concerted efforts of captive programmes in zoos and private collections around the world. Reintroduction efforts have used two main sources: the 'World Herd', established at the Phoenix Zoo, and private collections in Saudi Arabia. The breeding programme at the Al-Wusta Wildlife Reserve (WWR) in Oman has played a central role in the rescue of the oryx. Individuals from the 'World Herd' and the United Arab Emirates have been the main source for the WWR programme. However, no breeding strategies accounting for genetic diversity have been implemented. To address this, we investigated the diversity of the WWR population and historical samples using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found individuals at WWR contain 58% of the total mtDNA diversity observed globally. Inference of ancestry and spatial patterns of SNP variation shows the presence of three ancestral sources and three different groups of individuals. Similar levels of diversity and low inbreeding were observed between groups. We identified individuals and groups that could most effectively contribute to maximizing genetic diversity. Our results will be valuable to guide breeding and reintroduction programmes at WWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Al Rawahi
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Office for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of Royal Court, PO Box 246, P.C. 100, Muscat, Oman
- College of Applied Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University, PO Box 42, Postal Code 400, Ibra, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jose Luis Mijangos
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Centre for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Mehar S. Khatkar
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mohammed A. Al Abri
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mansoor H. AlJahdhami
- Office for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of Royal Court, PO Box 246, P.C. 100, Muscat, Oman
| | - Jennifer Kaden
- RZSSWildGenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 6TS, UK
| | - Helen Senn
- RZSSWildGenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 6TS, UK
| | - Katherine Brittain
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jaime Gongora
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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5
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Barry BR, Moriarty K, Green D, Hutchinson RA, Levi T. Integrating multi‐method surveys and recovery trajectories into occupancy models. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brent R. Barry
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Katie Moriarty
- Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - David Green
- Institute of Natural Resources Oregon State University Portland Oregon 97207 USA
| | - Rebecca A. Hutchinson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Taal Levi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
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6
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Flesch EP, Graves TA, Thomson JM, Proffitt KM, White PJ, Stephenson TR, Garrott RA. Evaluating wildlife translocations using genomics: A bighorn sheep case study. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13687-13704. [PMID: 33391673 PMCID: PMC7771163 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife restoration often involves translocation efforts to reintroduce species and supplement small, fragmented populations. We examined the genomic consequences of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) translocations and population isolation to enhance understanding of evolutionary processes that affect population genetics and inform future restoration strategies. We conducted a population genomic analysis of 511 bighorn sheep from 17 areas, including native and reintroduced populations that received 0-10 translocations. Using the Illumina High Density Ovine array, we generated datasets of 6,155 to 33,289 single nucleotide polymorphisms and completed clustering, population tree, and kinship analyses. Our analyses determined that natural gene flow did not occur between most populations, including two pairs of native herds that had past connectivity. We synthesized genomic evidence across analyses to evaluate 24 different translocation events and detected eight successful reintroductions (i.e., lack of signal for recolonization from nearby populations) and five successful augmentations (i.e., reproductive success of translocated individuals) based on genetic similarity with the source populations. A single native population founded six of the reintroduced herds, suggesting that environmental conditions did not need to match for populations to persist following reintroduction. Augmentations consisting of 18-57 animals including males and females succeeded, whereas augmentations of two males did not result in a detectable genetic signature. Our results provide insight on genomic distinctiveness of native and reintroduced herds, information on the relative success of reintroduction and augmentation efforts and their associated attributes, and guidance to enhance genetic contribution of augmentations and reintroductions to aid in bighorn sheep restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Flesch
- Fish and Wildlife Ecology and Management ProgramEcology DepartmentMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Tabitha A. Graves
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyWest GlacierMTUSA
| | | | | | - P. J. White
- Yellowstone Center for ResourcesNational Park ServiceMammothWYUSA
| | - Thomas R. Stephenson
- Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery ProgramCalifornia Department of Fish and WildlifeBishopCAUSA
| | - Robert A. Garrott
- Fish and Wildlife Ecology and Management ProgramEcology DepartmentMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
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7
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Campbell-Palmer R, Senn H, Girling S, Pizzi R, Elliott M, Gaywood M, Rosell F. Beaver genetic surveillance in Britain. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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8
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Pacioni C, Atkinson A, Trocini S, Rafferty C, Morley K, Spencer PBS. Is supplementation an efficient management action to increase genetic diversity in translocated populations? ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT & RESTORATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Easton LJ, Bishop PJ, Whigham PA. Balancing act: modelling sustainable release numbers for translocations. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Easton
- Department of Conservation Te Kūiti New Zealand
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - P. J. Bishop
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - P. A. Whigham
- Department of Information Science University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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10
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Thavornkanlapachai R, Mills HR, Ottewell K, Dunlop J, Sims C, Morris K, Donaldson F, Kennington WJ. Mixing Genetically and Morphologically Distinct Populations in Translocations: Asymmetrical Introgression in A Newly Established Population of the Boodie ( Bettongia lesueur). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E729. [PMID: 31546973 PMCID: PMC6770996 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of multiple source populations provides a way to maximise genetic variation and reduce the impacts of inbreeding depression in newly established translocated populations. However, there is a risk that individuals from different source populations will not interbreed, leading to population structure and smaller effective population sizes than expected. Here, we investigate the genetic consequences of mixing two isolated, morphologically distinct island populations of boodies (Bettongia lesueur) in a translocation to mainland Australia over three generations. Using 18 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial D-loop region, we monitored the released animals and their offspring between 2010 and 2013. Despite high levels of divergence between the two source populations (FST = 0.42 and ϕST = 0.72), there was clear evidence of interbreeding between animals from different populations. However, interbreeding was non-random, with a significant bias towards crosses between the genetically smaller-sized Barrow Island males and the larger-sized Dorre Island females. This pattern of introgression was opposite to the expectation that male-male competition or female mate choice would favour larger males. This study shows how mixing diverged populations can bolster genetic variation in newly established mammal populations, but the ultimate outcome can be difficult to predict, highlighting the need for continued genetic monitoring to assess the long-term impacts of admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiporn Thavornkanlapachai
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Harriet R Mills
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
| | - Kym Ottewell
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6152, Australia.
| | - Judy Dunlop
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western Australia 6946, Australia.
| | - Colleen Sims
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western Australia 6946, Australia.
| | - Keith Morris
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western Australia 6946, Australia.
| | - Felicity Donaldson
- 360 Environmental, 10 Bermondsey Street, West Leederville, Western Australia 6007, Australia.
| | - W Jason Kennington
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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11
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Lan H, Zhou T, Wan QH, Fang SG. Genetic Diversity and Differentiation at Structurally Varying MHC Haplotypes and Microsatellites in Bottlenecked Populations of Endangered Crested Ibis. Cells 2019; 8:E377. [PMID: 31027280 PMCID: PMC6523929 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating adaptive potential and understanding the relative roles of selection and genetic drift in populations of endangered species are essential in conservation. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes characterized by spectacular polymorphism and fitness association have become valuable adaptive markers. Herein we investigate the variation of all MHC class I and II genes across seven populations of an endangered bird, the crested ibis, of which all current individuals are offspring of only two pairs. We inferred seven multilocus haplotypes from linked alleles in the Core Region and revealed structural variation of the class II region that probably evolved through unequal crossing over. Based on the low polymorphism, structural variation, strong linkage, and extensive shared alleles, we applied the MHC haplotypes in population analysis. The genetic variation and population structure at MHC haplotypes are generally concordant with those expected from microsatellites, underlining the predominant role of genetic drift in shaping MHC variation in the bottlenecked populations. Nonetheless, some populations showed elevated differentiation at MHC, probably due to limited gene flow. The seven populations were significantly differentiated into three groups and some groups exhibited genetic monomorphism, which can be attributed to founder effects. We therefore propose various strategies for future conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Department of Agriculture, Zhejiang Open University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qiu-Hong Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Sheng-Guo Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham P. Wallis
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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13
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Cook CN, Sgrò CM. Poor understanding of evolutionary theory is a barrier to effective conservation management. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carly N. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Carla M. Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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14
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Moss JB, Gerber GP, Schwirian A, Jackson AC, Welch ME. Evidence for dominant males but not choosy females in an insular rock iguana. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette B Moss
- Biological Sciences Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Glenn P Gerber
- Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Aumbriel Schwirian
- Biological Sciences Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Anna C Jackson
- Biological Sciences Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Mark E Welch
- Biological Sciences Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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15
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Fisher AM, Cornell SJ, Holwell GI, Price TAR. Sexual cannibalism and population viability. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6663-6670. [PMID: 30038765 PMCID: PMC6053559 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Some behaviours that typically increase fitness at the individual level may reduce population persistence, particularly in the face of environmental changes. Sexual cannibalism is an extreme mating behaviour which typically involves a male being devoured by the female immediately before, during or after copulation, and is widespread amongst predatory invertebrates. Although the individual-level effects of sexual cannibalism are reasonably well understood, very little is known about the population-level effects. We constructed both a mathematical model and an individual-based model to predict how sexual cannibalism might affect population growth rate and extinction risk. We found that in the absence of any cannibalism-derived fecundity benefit, sexual cannibalism is always detrimental to population growth rate and leads to a higher population extinction risk. Increasing the fecundity benefits of sexual cannibalism leads to a consistently higher population growth rate and likely a lower extinction risk. However, even if cannibalism-derived fecundity benefits are large, very high rates of sexual cannibalism (>70%) can still drive the population to negative growth and potential extinction. Pre-copulatory cannibalism was particularly damaging for population growth rates and was the main predictor of growth declining below the replacement rate. Surprisingly, post-copulatory cannibalism had a largely positive effect on population growth rate when fecundity benefits were present. This study is the first to formally estimate the population-level effects of sexual cannibalism. We highlight the detrimental effect sexual cannibalism may have on population viability if (1) cannibalism rates become high, and/or (2) cannibalism-derived fecundity benefits become low. Decreased food availability could plausibly both increase the frequency of cannibalism, and reduce the fecundity benefit of cannibalism, suggesting that sexual cannibalism may increase the risk of population collapse in the face of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Fisher
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | | | - Tom A. R. Price
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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16
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Miller JM, Quinzin MC, Scheibe EH, Ciofi C, Villalva F, Tapia W, Caccone A. Genetic Pedigree Analysis of the Pilot Breeding Program for the Rediscovered Galapagos Giant Tortoise from Floreana Island. J Hered 2018; 109:620-630. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Maud C Quinzin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Elizabeth H Scheibe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Claudio Ciofi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fredy Villalva
- Galapagos Galapagos National Park Directorate, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
| | - Washington Tapia
- Galapagos Galapagos National Park Directorate, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
- Galapagos Conservancy, Fairfax, VA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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17
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Gooley RM, Hogg CJ, Belov K, Grueber CE. The effects of group versus intensive housing on the retention of genetic diversity in insurance populations. BMC ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-017-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Soft-Release, but Not Cool Winter Temperatures, Reduces Post-Translocation Dispersal of Jewelled Geckos. J HERPETOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1670/16-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Hillman TL, Keenlance P, Moore JA, Swanson BJ, Jacquot JJ, Witt JC, Cornman A. Genetic diversity of reintroduced American martens in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Ranke PS, Skjelseth S, Pärn H, Herfindal I, Pedersen ÅAB, Stokke BG, Kvalnes T, Ringsby TH, Saether BE, Jensen H. Demographic influences of translocated individuals on a resident population of house sparrows. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sjolte Ranke
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Sigrun Skjelseth
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Henrik Pärn
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Ivar Herfindal
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | | | - Bård Gunnar Stokke
- Dept of Biology; Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research (NINA); Trondheim Norway
| | - Thomas Kvalnes
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Thor Harald Ringsby
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Bernt-Erik Saether
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology; NO-7491 Trondheim Norway
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21
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Taylor HR, Colbourne RM, Robertson HA, Nelson NJ, Allendorf FW, Ramstad KM. Cryptic inbreeding depression in a growing population of a long-lived species. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:799-813. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen R. Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Kelburn Parade Wellington New Zealand
| | | | | | - Nicola J. Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Kelburn Parade Wellington New Zealand
| | - Fred W. Allendorf
- Montana Conservation Genetics Lab; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - Kristina M. Ramstad
- Department of Biology & Geology; University of South Carolina Aiken; 471 University Parkway Aiken SC USA
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22
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Giglio RM, Ivy JA, Jones LC, Latch EK. Evaluation of alternative management strategies for maintenance of genetic variation in wildlife populations. Anim Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Giglio
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - J. A. Ivy
- San Diego Zoo Global; San Diego CA USA
| | - L. C. Jones
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Bozeman MT USA
| | - E. K. Latch
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Milwaukee WI USA
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Winton CL, Plante Y, Hind P, McMahon R, Hegarty MJ, McEwan NR, Davies-Morel MCG, Morgan CM, Powell W, Nash DM. Comparative genetic diversity in a sample of pony breeds from the U.K. and North America: a case study in the conservation of global genetic resources. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3507-22. [PMID: 26380682 PMCID: PMC4569044 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most species exist as subdivided ex situ daughter population(s) derived from a single original group of individuals. Such subdivision occurs for many reasons both natural and manmade. Traditional British and Irish pony breeds were introduced to North America (U.S.A. and Canada) within the last 150 years, and subsequently equivalent breed societies were established. We have analyzed selected U.K. and North American equivalent pony populations as a case study for understanding the relationship between putative source and derived subpopulations. Diversity was measured using mitochondrial DNA and a panel of microsatellite markers. Genetic signatures differed between the North American subpopulations according to historical management processes. Founder effect and stochastic drift was apparent, particularly pronounced in some breeds, with evidence of admixture of imported mares of different North American breeds. This demonstrates the importance of analysis of subpopulations to facilitate understanding the genetic effects of past management practices and to lead to informed future conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Winton
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, U.K
| | - Yves Plante
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Pamela Hind
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Robert McMahon
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, U.K
| | - Matthew J Hegarty
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, U.K
| | - Neil R McEwan
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, U.K
| | | | - Charly M Morgan
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, U.K
| | | | - Deborah M Nash
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, U.K
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Jarvie S, Senior AM, Adolph SC, Seddon PJ, Cree A. Captive rearing affects growth but not survival in translocated juvenile tuatara. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jarvie
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - A. M. Senior
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - S. C. Adolph
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
- Department of Biology Harvey Mudd College Claremont CA USA
| | - P. J. Seddon
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - A. Cree
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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25
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McGuire J, Congdon J, Kinney O, Osentoski M, Scribner K. Influences on male reproductive success in long-lived Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowing how the number and qualities of mates influence male reproductive success (RS) can help interpret mating-system dynamics that are important for conservation efforts. We combined parentage data (1999–2006) with data from a long-term life-history study (1953–2007) of Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook, 1838)) on the University of Michigan’s E.S. George Reserve to document the relative influence of mate number and quality on male RS. Blood samples were taken from >92% of resident adults and tissue samples were taken from 723 hatchlings from 92 nests of 54 females over eight nesting seasons. The incidence of multiple paternity averaged 41.6% (N = 77), was variable among years (minimum–maximum = 15.4%–55.6%), and was positively associated with female age, body size, and clutch size. Repeat paternity was observed in 69.9% of sequential clutches of the same female separated by 1–7 years. Male RS was variable (1–40 offspring) and was positively associated with the number of mates and clutches sired. The youngest male to sire offspring was 22 years old. Adult movements that result in encountering different mates and (or) the ability to use attributes (e.g., size or age) to identify high-quality mates have the potential to substantially increase RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. McGuire
- Department of Zoology, 288 Farm Lane Room 203, Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J.D. Congdon
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - O.M. Kinney
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
- Darlington School, 1014 Cave Spring Road, Rome, GA 30161, USA
| | | | - K.T. Scribner
- Department of Zoology, 288 Farm Lane Room 203, Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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26
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Murphy SM, Cox JJ, Clark JD, Augustine BC, Hast JT, Gibbs D, Strunk M, Dobey S. Rapid growth and genetic diversity retention in an isolated reintroduced black bear population in the central appalachians. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Murphy
- Department of Forestry; University of Kentucky; 214 Thomas Poe Cooper Building, Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - John J. Cox
- Department of Forestry; University of Kentucky; 102 Thomas Poe Cooper Building, Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Joseph D. Clark
- United States Geological Survey; Southern Appalachian Research Branch; University of Tennessee; 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building, Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Ben C. Augustine
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 318 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - John T. Hast
- Department of Forestry; University of Kentucky; 214 Thomas Poe Cooper Building, Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Dan Gibbs
- Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; 3030 Wildlife Way, Morristown TN 37814 USA
| | - Michael Strunk
- Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources; 11990 N Highway 27, Parkers Lake KY 42634 USA
| | - Steven Dobey
- Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources; #1 Sportsman's Lane, Frankfort KY 40601 USA
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27
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Herfindal I, Haanes H, Røed KH, Solberg EJ, Markussen SS, Heim M, Sæther BE. Population properties affect inbreeding avoidance in moose. Biol Lett 2014; 10:20140786. [PMID: 25540152 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms reducing inbreeding are thought to have evolved owing to fitness costs of breeding with close relatives. In small and isolated populations, or populations with skewed age- or sex distributions, mate choice becomes limited, and inbreeding avoidance mechanisms ineffective. We used a unique individual-based dataset on moose from a small island in Norway to assess whether inbreeding avoidance was related to population structure and size, expecting inbreeding avoidance to be greater in years with larger populations and even adult sex ratios. The probability that a potential mating event was realized was negatively related to the inbreeding coefficient of the potential offspring, with a stronger relationship in years with a higher proportion or number of males in the population. Thus, adult sex ratio and population size affect the degree of inbreeding avoidance. Consequently, conservation managers should aim for sex ratios that facilitate inbreeding avoidance, especially in small and isolated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Herfindal
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hallvard Haanes
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0033 Oslo, Norway Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, PO Box 55, 1332 Østerås, Norway
| | - Knut H Røed
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erling J Solberg
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stine S Markussen
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Heim
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bernt-Erik Sæther
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Anthonysamy WJB, Dreslik MJ, Douglas MR, Marioni NK, Phillips CA. Reproductive Ecology of an Endangered Turtle in a Fragmented Landscape. COPEIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-13-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Knox CD, Monks JM. Penning prior to release decreases post-translocation dispersal of jewelled geckos. Anim Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Knox
- EcoGecko Consultants Ltd; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - J. M. Monks
- Department of Conservation; Dunedin New Zealand
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30
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Jarvie S, Besson AA, Seddon PJ, Cree A. Assessing thermal suitability of translocation release sites for egg-laying reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination: a case study with tuatara. Anim Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jarvie
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - A. A. Besson
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - P. J. Seddon
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - A. Cree
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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31
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Miller KA, Bell TP, Germano JM. Understanding publication bias in reintroduction biology by assessing translocations of New Zealand's herpetofauna. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2014; 28:1045-1056. [PMID: 24606604 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The intentional translocation of animals is an important tool for species conservation and ecosystem restoration, but reported success rates are low, particularly for threatened and endangered species. Publication bias further distorts success rates because the results of successful translocations may be more likely to be published than failed translocations. We conducted the first comprehensive review of all published and unpublished translocations of herpetofauna in New Zealand to assess publication bias. Of 74 translocations of 29 species in 25 years, 35 have been reported in the published literature, and the outcomes of 12 have been published. Using a traditional definition of success, publication bias resulted in a gross overestimate of translocation success rates (41.7% and 8.1% for published and all translocations, respectively), but bias against failed translocations was minimal (8.3% and 6.8%, respectively). Publication bias against translocations with uncertain outcomes, the vast majority of projects, was also strong (50.0% and 85.1% for published and all translocations, respectively). Recent translocations were less likely to be published than older translocations. The reasons behind translocations were related to publication. A greater percentage of translocations for conservation and research were published (63.3% and 40.0%, respectively) than translocations for mitigation during land development (10.0%). Translocations conducted in collaboration with a university were more frequently published (82.7% and 24.4%, respectively). To account for some of this publication bias, we reassessed the outcome of each translocation using a standardized definition of success, which takes into consideration the species' life history and the time since release. Our standardized definition of translocation success provided a more accurate summary of success rates and allows for a more rigorous evaluation of the causes of translocation success and failure in large-scale reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Miller
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Building 18, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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32
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Puckett EE, Kristensen TV, Wilton CM, Lyda SB, Noyce KV, Holahan PM, Leslie DM, Beringer J, Belant JL, White D, Eggert LS. Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, USA, 50 years after translocation. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2414-27. [PMID: 24712442 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Puckett
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of Missouri; 226 Tucker Hall Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Thea V. Kristensen
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Science and Engineering 601 Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
| | - Clay M. Wilton
- Carnivore Ecology Laboratory; Forest and Wildlife Research Center; Mississippi State University; Box 9690 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Sara B. Lyda
- Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management; Oklahoma State University; 007 Agriculture Hall Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Karen V. Noyce
- Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; 1201 East Highway 2 Grand Rapids MN 55744 USA
| | - Paula M. Holahan
- University of Wisconsin Zoological Museum; 250 North Mills Street Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - David M. Leslie
- Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management; U.S. Geological Survey; Oklahoma State University; 007 Agriculture Hall Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Jeff Beringer
- Missouri Department of Conservation; Resource Science Center; 3500 Gans Creed Road Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Carnivore Ecology Laboratory; Forest and Wildlife Research Center; Mississippi State University; Box 9690 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Don White
- Arkansas Forest Resources Center; University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Arkansas-Monticello; 110 University Court Monticello AR 71656 USA
| | - Lori S. Eggert
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of Missouri; 226 Tucker Hall Columbia MO 65211 USA
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33
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Helmstedt KJ, Possingham HP, Brennan KEC, Rhodes JR, Bode M. Cost-efficient fenced reserves for conservation: single large or two small? ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 24:1780-1792. [PMID: 29210237 DOI: 10.1890/13-1579.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fences that exclude alien invasive species are used to reduce predation pressure on reintroduced threatened wildlife. Planning these continuously managed systems of reserves raises an important extension of the Single Large or Several Small (SLOSS) reserve planning framework: the added complexity of ongoing management. We investigate the long-term cost-efficiency of a single large or two small predator exclusion fences in the arid Australian context of reintroducing bilbies Macrotis lagotis, and we highlight the broader significance of our results with sensitivity analysis. A single fence more frequently results in a much larger net cost than two smaller fences. We find that the cost-efficiency of two fences is robust to strong demographic and environmental uncertainty, which can help managers to mitigate the risk of incurring high costs over the entire life of the project.
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34
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Spatial aspects of movements, mating patterns, and nest distributions influence gene flow among population subunits of Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Mello RSR, Besson AA, Hare KM, Fay V, Smith E, Cree A. Adjustment of juvenile tuatara to a cooler, southern climate: operative temperatures, emergence behaviour and growth rate. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2013.775167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RSR Mello
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Current address: HRT Oil & Gas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - AA Besson
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - KM Hare
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Current address: Research Office, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - V Fay
- Orokonui Ecosanctuary, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - E Smith
- Orokonui Ecosanctuary, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A Cree
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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36
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Weiser EL, Grueber CE, Jamieson IG. Simulating retention of rare alleles in small populations to assess management options for species with different life histories. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2013; 27:335-344. [PMID: 23330669 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Preserving allelic diversity is important because it provides the capacity for adaptation and thus enables long-term population viability. Allele retention is difficult to predict in animals with overlapping generations, so we used a new computer model to simulate retention of rare alleles in small populations of 3 species with contrasting life-history traits: North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli; monogamous, long-lived), North Island Robins (Petroica longipes; monogamous, short-lived), and red deer (Cervus elaphus; polygynous, moderate lifespan). We simulated closed populations under various demographic scenarios and assessed the amounts of artificial immigration needed to achieve a goal of retaining 90% of selectively neutral rare alleles (frequency in the source population = 0.05) after 10 generations. The number of immigrants per generation required to meet the genetic goal ranged from 11 to 30, and there were key similarities and differences among species. None of the species met the genetic goal without immigration, and red deer lost the most allelic diversity due to reproductive skew among polygynous males. However, red deer required only a moderate rate of immigration relative to the other species to meet the genetic goal because nonterritorial breeders had a high turnover. Conversely, North Island Brown Kiwi needed the most immigration because the long lifespan of locally produced territorial breeders prevented a large proportion of immigrants from recruiting. In all species, the amount of immigration needed generally decreased with an increase in carrying capacity, survival, or reproductive output and increased as individual variation in reproductive success increased, indicating the importance of accurately quantifying these parameters to predict the effects of management. Overall, retaining rare alleles in a small, isolated population requires substantial investment of management effort. Use of simulations to explore strategies optimized for the populations in question will help maximize the value of this effort..
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Weiser
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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37
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Boissin E, Hurley B, Wingfield MJ, Vasaitis R, Stenlid J, Davis C, de Groot P, Ahumada R, Carnegie A, Goldarazena A, Klasmer P, Wermelinger B, Slippers B. Retracing the routes of introduction of invasive species: the case of the Sirex noctilio woodwasp. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:5728-44. [PMID: 23106425 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary histories of invasive species is critical to adopt appropriate management strategies, but this process can be exceedingly complex to unravel. As illustrated in this study of the worldwide invasion of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio, population genetic analyses using coalescent-based scenario testing together with Bayesian clustering and historical records provide opportunities to address this problem. The pest spread from its native Eurasian range to the Southern Hemisphere in the 1900s and recently to Northern America, where it poses economic and potentially ecological threats to planted and native Pinus spp. To investigate the origins and pathways of invasion, samples from five continents were analysed using microsatellite and sequence data. The results of clustering analysis and scenario testing suggest that the invasion history is much more complex than previously believed, with most of the populations being admixtures resulting from independent introductions from Europe and subsequent spread among the invaded areas. Clustering analyses revealed two major source gene pools, one of which the scenario testing suggests is an as yet unsampled source. Results also shed light on the microevolutionary processes occurring during introductions, and showed that only few specimens gave rise to some of the populations. Analyses of microsatellites using clustering and scenario testing considered against historical data drastically altered our understanding of the invasion history of S. noctilio and will have important implications for the strategies employed to fight its spread. This study illustrates the value of combining clustering and ABC methods in a comprehensive framework to dissect the complex patterns of spread of global invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boissin
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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Miller KA, Miller HC, Moore JA, Mitchell NJ, Cree A, Allendorf FW, Sarre SD, Keall SN, Nelson NJ. Securing the demographic and genetic future of tuatara through assisted colonization. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2012; 26:790-798. [PMID: 22827440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a particular threat to species with fragmented distributions and little or no capacity to migrate. Assisted colonization, moving species into regions where they have not previously occurred, aims to establish populations where they are expected to survive as climatic envelopes shift. However, adaptation to the source environment may affect whether species successfully establish in new regions. Assisted colonization has spurred debate among conservation biologists and ecologists over whether the potential benefits to the threatened species outweigh the potential disruption to recipient communities. In our opinion, the debate has been distracted by controversial examples, rather than cases where assisted colonization may be a viable strategy. We present a strategic plan for the assisted migration of tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), an endemic New Zealand reptile. The plan includes use of extant populations as reference points for comparisons with assisted-colonization populations with respect to demography, phenotypic plasticity, and phenology; optimization of genetic variation; research to fill knowledge gaps; consideration of host and recipient communities; and inclusion of stakeholders in the planning stage. When strategically planned and monitored, assisted colonization could meet conservation and research goals and ultimately result in the establishment of long-term sustainable populations capable of persisting during rapid changes in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Miller
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Becker PA, Miller PS, Gunther MS, Somers MJ, Wildt DE, Maldonado JE. Inbreeding avoidance influences the viability of reintroduced populations of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). PLoS One 2012; 7:e37181. [PMID: 22615933 PMCID: PMC3353914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conservation of many fragmented and small populations of endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) relies on understanding the natural processes affecting genetic diversity, demographics, and future viability. We used extensive behavioural, life-history, and genetic data from reintroduced African wild dogs in South Africa to (1) test for inbreeding avoidance via mate selection and (2) model the potential consequences of avoidance on population persistence. Results suggested that wild dogs avoided mating with kin. Inbreeding was rare in natal packs, after reproductive vacancies, and between sibling cohorts (observed on 0.8%, 12.5%, and 3.8% of occasions, respectively). Only one of the six (16.7%) breeding pairs confirmed as third-order (or closer) kin consisted of animals that were familiar with each other, while no other paired individuals had any prior association. Computer-simulated populations allowed to experience inbreeding had only a 1.6% probability of extinction within 100 years, whereas all populations avoiding incestuous matings became extinct due to the absence of unrelated mates. Populations that avoided mating with first-order relatives became extinct after 63 years compared with persistence of 37 and 19 years for those also prevented from second-order and third-order matings, respectively. Although stronger inbreeding avoidance maintains significantly more genetic variation, our results demonstrate the potentially severe demographic impacts of reduced numbers of suitable mates on the future viability of small, isolated wild dog populations. The rapid rate of population decline suggests that extinction may occur before inbreeding depression is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny A Becker
- Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.
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40
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Reynolds MH, Hatfield JS, Laniawe LP, Vekasy MS, Klavitter JL, Berkowitz P, Crampton LH, Walters JR. Influence of space use on fitness and the reintroduction success of the Laysan teal. Anim Conserv 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Reynolds
- US Geological Survey, Kilauea Field Station; Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Hawaii National Park; HI; USA
| | - J. S. Hatfield
- US Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Laurel; MD; USA
| | | | - M. S. Vekasy
- US Geological Survey, Kilauea Field Station; Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Hawaii National Park; HI; USA
| | - J. L. Klavitter
- US Fish and Wildlife Service; Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge; Honolulu; HI; USA
| | - P. Berkowitz
- Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit; Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center; University of Hawaii at Hilo; Hilo; HI; USA
| | | | - J. R. Walters
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA; USA
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Tracy LN, Wallis GP, Efford MG, Jamieson IG. Preserving genetic diversity in threatened species reintroductions: how many individuals should be released? Anim Conserv 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Genetic structure and individual performance following a recent founding event in a small lizard. CONSERV GENET 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-010-0154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Besson AA, Cree A. Integrating physiology into conservation: an approach to help guide translocations of a rare reptile in a warming environment. Anim Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gasc A, Duryea MC, Cox RM, Kern A, Calsbeek R. Invasive predators deplete genetic diversity of island lizards. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12061. [PMID: 20706576 PMCID: PMC2919386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species can dramatically impact natural populations, especially those living on islands. Though numerous examples illustrate the ecological impact of invasive predators, no study has examined the genetic consequences for native populations subject to invasion. Here we capitalize on a natural experiment in which a long-term study of the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) was interrupted by rat invasion. An island population that was devastated by rats recovered numerically following rat extermination. However, population genetic analyses at six microsatellite loci suggested a possible loss of genetic diversity due to invasion when compared to an uninvaded island studied over the same time frame. Our results provide partial support for the hypothesis that invasive predators can impact the genetic diversity of resident island populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gasc
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - M. C. Duryea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Cox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Andrew Kern
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Ryan Calsbeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
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Keogh JS. Evolutionary, behavioural and molecular ecology must meet to achieve long-term conservation goals. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:3761-2. [PMID: 19761487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Founder populations in reintroduction programmes can experience a genetic bottleneck simply because of their small size. The influence of reproductive skew brought on by polygynous or polyandrous mating systems in these populations can exacerbate already difficult conservation genetic problems, such as inbreeding depression and loss of adaptive potential. Without an understanding of reproductive skew in a target species, and the effect it can have on genetic diversity retained over generations, long-term conservation goals will be compromised. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Miller et al. (2009a) test how founder group size and variance in male reproductive success influence the maintenance of genetic diversity following reintroduction on a long-term scale. They evaluated genetic diversity in two wild populations of the iconic New Zealand tuatara (Fig. 1), which differ greatly in population size and genetic diversity, and compared this to genetic diversity in multiple founder populations sourced from both populations. Population viability analysis on the maintenance of genetic diversity over 400 years (10 generations) demonstrated that while the loss of heterozygosity was low when compared with both source populations (1-14%), the greater the male reproductive skew, the greater the predicted losses of genetic diversity. Importantly however, the loss of genetic diversity was ameliorated after population size exceeded 250 animals, regardless of the level of reproductive skew. This study demonstrates that highly informed conservation decisions could be made when you build on a solid foundation of demographic, natural history and behavioural ecology data. These data, when informed by modern population and genetic analysis, mean that fundamental applied conservation questions (how many animals should make up a founder population?) can be answered accurately and with an eye to the long-term consequences of management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Keogh
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 200, Australia.
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