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Tsakalos JL, Ottaviani G, Chelli S, Rea A, Elder S, Dobrowolski MP, Mucina L. Plant clonality in a soil-impoverished open ecosystem: insights from southwest Australian shrublands. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:981-990. [PMID: 36282998 PMCID: PMC9851296 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clonality is a key life-history strategy promoting on-spot persistence, space occupancy, resprouting after disturbance, and resource storage, sharing and foraging. These functions provided by clonality can be advantageous under different environmental conditions, including resource-paucity and fire-proneness, which define most mediterranean-type open ecosystems, such as southwest Australian shrublands. Studying clonality-environment links in underexplored mediterranean shrublands could therefore deepen our understanding of the role played by this essential strategy in open ecosystems globally. METHODS We created a new dataset including 463 species, six traits related to clonal growth organs (CGOs; lignotubers, herbaceous and woody rhizomes, stolons, tubers, stem fragments), and edaphic predictors of soil water availability, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from 138 plots. Within two shrubland communities, we explored multivariate clonal patterns and how the diversity of CGOs, and abundance-weighted and unweighted proportions .of clonality in plots changed along with the edaphic gradients. KEY RESULTS We found clonality in 65 % of species; the most frequent were those with lignotubers (28 %) and herbaceous rhizomes (26 %). In multivariate space, plots clustered into two groups, one distinguished by sandy plots and plants with CGOs, the other by clayey plots and non-clonal species. CGO diversity did not vary along the edaphic gradients (only marginally with water availability). The abundance-weighted proportion of clonal species increased with N and decreased with P and water availability, yet these results were CGO-specific. We revealed almost no relationships for unweighted clonality. CONCLUSIONS Clonality is more widespread in shrublands than previously thought, and distinct plant communities are distinguished by specific suites (or lack) of CGOs. We show that weighting belowground traits by aboveground abundance affects the results, with implications for trait-based ecologists using abundance-weighting. We suggest unweighted approaches for belowground organs in open ecosystems until belowground abundance is quantifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Tsakalos
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gianluigi Ottaviani
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Alethea Rea
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Scott Elder
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark P Dobrowolski
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Iluka Resources Ltd, Perth, WA, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ladislav Mucina
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Centre for Geographic Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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2
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Hopper SD, Lambers H, Silveira FAO, Fiedler PL. OCBIL theory examined: reassessing evolution, ecology and conservation in the world’s ancient, climatically buffered and infertile landscapes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OCBIL theory was introduced as a contribution towards understanding the evolution, ecology and conservation of the biological and cultural diversity of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs), especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The theory addresses some of the most intransigent environmental and cultural trends of our time – the ongoing decline of biodiversity and cultural diversity of First Nations. Here we reflect on OCBILs, the origins of the theory, and its principal hypotheses in biological, anthropological and conservation applications. The discovery that threatened plant species are concentrated in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) on infertile, phosphorous-impoverished uplands within 500 km of the coast formed the foundational framework for OCBIL theory and led to the development of testable hypotheses that a growing literature is addressing. Currently, OCBILs are recognized in 15 Global Biodiversity Hotspots and eight other regions. The SWAFR, Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and South America’s campos rupestres (montane grasslands) are those regions that have most comprehensively been investigated in the context of OCBIL theory. We summarize 12 evolutionary, ecological and cultural hypotheses and ten conservation-management hypotheses being investigated as recent contributions to the OCBIL literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Fernando A O Silveira
- Departmento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Peggy L Fiedler
- Natural Reserve System, University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA, USA
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3
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Robins TP, Binks RM, Byrne M, Hopper SD. Contrasting patterns of population divergence on young and old landscapes in Banksia seminuda (Proteaceae), with evidence for recognition of subspecies. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
OCBIL theory provides a basis for understanding of the evolution and ecology of biota on old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs) worldwide. Here, we test a genetic hypothesis presented in OCBIL theory that predicts highly differentiated intraspecific population systems on OCBILs vs. more limited differentiation on young, often disturbed, fertile landscapes (YODFELs). We examined patterns of genomic and morphological divergence in Banksia seminuda across OCBILs and YODFELs in south-western Australia. We also used these data to determine whether these OCBIL and YODFEL populations represent distinct subspecific lineages, a point of previous contention among taxonomists. As hypothesized, genomic analyses based on 3466 SNP loci revealed strong structuring within B. seminuda, with high differentiation across narrow geographic scales among OCBIL populations vs. lower differentiation across much larger geographic scales among YODFEL populations. In addition, genomic and morphological divergence was found between OCBIL and YODFEL populations, providing comprehensive quantitative evidence for two subspecies. These findings have taxonomic implications for the species and provide support for OCBIL theory and its insights into the evolution, ecology and conservation of biota on ancient landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Robins
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel M Binks
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
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4
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Millar MA, Byrne M. Variable clonality and genetic structure among disjunct populations of Banksia mimica. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Radosavljević I, Antonić O, Hruševar D, Križan J, Satovic Z, Turković D, Liber Z. The Influence of a Seedling Recruitment Strategy and a Clonal Architecture on a Spatial Genetic Structure of a Salvia brachyodon (Lamiaceae) Population. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070828. [PMID: 32630143 PMCID: PMC7412074 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By performing a high-resolution spatial-genetic analysis of a partially clonal Salvia brachyodon population, we elucidated its clonal architecture and seedling recruitment strategy. The sampling of the entire population was based on a 1 × 1 m grid and each sampled individual was genotyped. Population-genetic statistics were combined with geospatial analyses. On the population level, the presence of both sexual and clonal reproduction and repeated seedling recruitment as the prevailing strategy of new genets establishment were confirmed. On the patch level, a phalanx clonal architecture was detected. A significant negative correlation between patches' sizes and genotypic richness was observed as young plants were not identified within existing patches of large genets but almost exclusively in surrounding areas. The erosion of the genetic variability of older patches is likely caused by the inter-genet competition and resulting selection or by a random die-off of individual genets accompanied by the absence of new seedlings establishment. This study contributes to our understanding of how clonal architecture and seedling recruitment strategies can shape the spatial-genetic structure of a partially clonal population and lays the foundation for the future research of the influence of the population's clonal organization on its sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Radosavljević
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (D.T.); (Z.L.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-99-8353-230
| | - Oleg Antonić
- Subdepartment of Quantitative Ecology, Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Dario Hruševar
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (D.T.); (Z.L.)
| | | | - Zlatko Satovic
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Doroteja Turković
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (D.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zlatko Liber
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (D.T.); (Z.L.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Lullfitz A, Byrne M, Knapp L, Hopper SD. Platysace (Apiaceae) of south-western Australia: silent story tellers of an ancient human landscape. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHigh gene flow and a population structure corresponding to human rather than geographical drivers are likely to be genetic patterns of human-dispersed plant taxa. We examined variation in geographical structure and gene flow estimates based on three non-coding regions of plastid DNA in three south-west Australian members of the Platysace genus to identify whether a human influence on dispersion of utilized taxa was detectable. Edible tubers of Platysace deflexa and Platysace trachymenioides have been harvested historically by Noongar traditional owners, whereas Platysace effusa has no known cultural significance. We found differences between utilized and non-utilized taxa, particularly when considered against the generally complex phylogeographical patterning in south-west Australian plant taxa. Platysace effusa showed a pattern of high population divergence, low gene flow and multiple refugia, consistent with a long evolutionary history, past climatic oscillations and persistence in a highly fragmented landscape. In contrast, higher gene flow estimates, less divergence between populations and common haplotypes in P. deflexa and in P. trachymenioides over the south-eastern part of its range are consistent with anthropogenic influences. This study contributes to the understanding of human influences on south-west Australian plant taxa that have been present since the late Pleistocene, but to date have received little scientific attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Lullfitz
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Lynette Knapp
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
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7
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Nevill PG, Robinson TP, Di Virgilio G, Wardell‐Johnson G. Beyond isolation by distance: What best explains functional connectivity among populations of three sympatric plant species in an ancient terrestrial island system? DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gerard Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Todd P. Robinson
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Giovanni Di Virgilio
- Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Grant Wardell‐Johnson
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
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8
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Monks L, Barrett S, Beecham B, Byrne M, Chant A, Coates D, Cochrane JA, Crawford A, Dillon R, Yates C. Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region. PLANT DIVERSITY 2019; 41:59-74. [PMID: 31193161 PMCID: PMC6520493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Monks
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sarah Barrett
- Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. 120 Albany Highway, Albany, Western Australia, 6330, Australia
| | - Brett Beecham
- Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. P.O. Box 100, Narrogin, Western Australia, 6312, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - Alanna Chant
- Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. P.O. Box 72, Geraldton, Western Australia, 6531, Australia
| | - David Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - J. Anne Cochrane
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - Andrew Crawford
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - Rebecca Dillon
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
| | - Colin Yates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia, 6983, Australia
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9
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Byrne M, Krauss SL, Millar MA, Elliott CP, Coates DJ, Yates C, Binks RM, Nevill P, Nistelberger H, Wardell-Johnson G, Robinson T, Butcher R, Barrett M, Gibson N. Persistence and stochasticity are key determinants of genetic diversity in plants associated with banded iron formation inselbergs. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:753-772. [PMID: 30479069 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The high species endemism characteristic of many of the world's terrestrial island systems provides a model for studying evolutionary patterns and processes, yet there has been no synthesis of studies to provide a systematic evaluation of terrestrial island systems in this context. The banded iron formations (BIFs) of south-western Australia are ancient terrestrial island formations occurring within a mosaic of alluvial clay soils, sandplains and occasional granite outcropping, across an old, gently undulating, highly weathered, plateau. Notably, these BIFs display exceptionally high beta plant diversity. Here, we address the determinants and consequences of genetic diversity for BIF-associated plant species through a comprehensive review of all studies on species distribution modelling, phylogenetics, phylogeography, population genetics, life-history traits and ecology. The taxa studied are predominantly narrowly endemic to individual or a few BIF ranges, but some have more regional distributions occurring both on and off BIFs. We compared genetic data for these BIF-endemic species to other localised species globally to assess whether the unique history and ancestry of BIF landscapes has driven distinct genetic responses in plants restricted to this habitat. We also assessed the influence of life-history parameters on patterns of genetic diversity. We found that BIF-endemic species display similar patterns of genetic diversity and structure to other species with localised distributions. Despite often highly restricted distributions, large effective population size or clonal reproduction appears to provide these BIF-endemic species with ecological and evolutionary resilience to environmental stochasticity. We conclude that persistence and stochasticity are key determinants of genetic diversity and its spatial structure within BIF-associated plant species, and that these are key evolutionary processes that should be considered in understanding the biogeography of inselbergs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 2 Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
| | - Melissa A Millar
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Carole P Elliott
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 2 Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
| | - David J Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Colin Yates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Rachel M Binks
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Paul Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Heidi Nistelberger
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Grant Wardell-Johnson
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Todd Robinson
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Ryonen Butcher
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Matthew Barrett
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 2 Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
| | - Neil Gibson
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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10
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Broadhurst L, Breed M, Lowe A, Bragg J, Catullo R, Coates D, Encinas-Viso F, Gellie N, James E, Krauss S, Potts B, Rossetto M, Shepherd M, Byrne M. Genetic diversity and structure of the Australian flora. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Broadhurst
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research; CSIRO National Research Collections Australia; PO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Martin Breed
- Environment Institute; School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew Lowe
- Environment Institute; School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jason Bragg
- National Herbarium of NSW; Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust; Mrs Macquaries Road Sydney NSW 2000 Australia
| | - Renee Catullo
- School of Science and Health; Western Sydney University; Sydney NSW 2751 Australia
| | - David Coates
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - Francisco Encinas-Viso
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research; CSIRO National Research Collections Australia; PO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Nick Gellie
- Environment Institute; School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
| | - Elizabeth James
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria; Private Bag 2000 Melbourne Vic. 3141 Australia
| | - Siegfried Krauss
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Fraser Avenue West Perth WA 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6907 Australia
| | - Brad Potts
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. 7001 Australia
| | - Maurizio Rossetto
- National Herbarium of NSW; Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust; Mrs Macquaries Road Sydney NSW 2000 Australia
| | - Mervyn Shepherd
- Southern Cross Plant Science; Southern Cross University; Lismore NSW 2480 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Perth WA 6983 Australia
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11
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Bradbury D, Grayling PM, MacDonald B, Hankinson M, Byrne M. Clonality, interspecific hybridisation and inbreeding in a rare mallee eucalypt, Eucalyptus absita (Myrtaceae), and implications for conservation. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Assessing genetic structure in a rare clonal eucalypt as a basis for augmentation and introduction translocations. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Nistelberger HM, Coates DJ, Llorens TM, Yates CJ, Byrne M. A cryptic genetic boundary in remnant populations of a long-lived, bird-pollinated shrubBanksia sphaerocarpavar.caesia(Proteaceae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M. Nistelberger
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - David J. Coates
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - Tanya M. Llorens
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - Colin J. Yates
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104 Perth WA 6983 Australia
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Binks RM, Millar MA, Byrne M. Not all rare species are the same: contrasting patterns of genetic diversity and population structure in two narrow-range endemic sedges. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Binks
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104; Bentley Delivery Centre; Bentley WA 6983 Australia
| | - Melissa A. Millar
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104; Bentley Delivery Centre; Bentley WA 6983 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104; Bentley Delivery Centre; Bentley WA 6983 Australia
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15
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James EA, McDougall KL. Spatial genetic structure reflects extensive clonality, low genotypic diversity and habitat fragmentation in Grevillea renwickiana (Proteaceae), a rare, sterile shrub from south-eastern Australia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:413-23. [PMID: 24737718 PMCID: PMC4111381 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association of clonality, polyploidy and reduced fecundity has been identified as an extinction risk for clonal plants. Compromised sexual reproduction limits both their ability to adapt to new conditions and their capacity to disperse to more favourable environments. Grevillea renwickiana is a prostrate, putatively sterile shrub reliant on asexual reproduction. Dispersal is most likely limited by the rate of clonal expansion via rhizomes. The nine localized populations constituting this species provide an opportunity to examine the extent of clonality and spatial genotypic diversity to evaluate its evolutionary prospects. METHODS Ten microsatellite loci were used to compare genetic and genotypic diversity across all sites with more intensive sampling at four locations (n = 185). The spatial distribution of genotypes and chloroplast DNA haplotypes based on the trnQ-rps16 intergenic spacer region were compared. Chromosome counts provided a basis for examining genetic profiles inconsistent with diploidy. KEY RESULTS Microsatellite analysis identified 46 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in eight multilocus clonal lineages (MLLs). MLLs are not shared among sites, with two exceptions. Spatial autocorrelation was significant to 1·6 km. Genotypic richness ranged from 0 to 0·33. Somatic mutation is likely to contribute to minor variation between MLGs within clonal lineages. The eight chloroplast haplotypes identified were correlated with eight MLLs defined by ordination and generally restricted to single populations. Triploidy is the most likely reason for tri-allelic patterns. CONCLUSIONS Grevillea renwickiana comprises few genetic individuals. Sterility has most likely been induced by triploidy. Extensive lateral suckering in long-lived sterile clones facilitates the accumulation of somatic mutations, which contribute to the measured genetic diversity. Genetic conservation value may not be a function of population size. Despite facing evolutionary stagnation, sterile clonal species can play a vital role in mitigating ecological instability as floras respond to rapid environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A James
- Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Keith L McDougall
- NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 733, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia Department of Environmental Management & Ecology, La Trobe University, PO Box 821, Wodonga, Victoria 3689, Australia
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Weston PH. What has molecular systematics contributed to our knowledge of the plant family Proteaceae? Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1115:365-97. [PMID: 24415484 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-767-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular systematics has revolutionized our understanding of the evolution of the Proteaceae. Phylogenetic relationships have been reconstructed down to generic level and below from alignments of chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. These trees have enabled the monophyly of all subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes to be rigorously tested and the construction of a new classification of the family at these ranks. Molecular data have also played a major part in testing the monophyly of genera and infrageneric taxa, some of which have been recircumscribed as a result. Molecular trees and chronograms have been used to test numerous previously postulated biogeographic and evolutionary hypotheses, some of which have been modified or abandoned as a result. Hypotheses that have been supported by molecular phylogenetic trees and chronograms include the following: that the proteaceous pattern of repeated disjunct distributions across the southern hemisphere is partly the result of long-distance dispersal; that high proteaceous diversity in south-western Australia and the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa is due to high diversification rates in some clades but is not an evolutionary response to Mediterranean climates; that the sclerophyllous leaves of many shrubby members of the family are not adaptations to dry environments but for protecting mesophyll in brightly illuminated habitats; that deeply encrypted foliar stomata are adaptations for minimizing water loss in dry environments; and that Protea originated in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and that one of its subclades has greatly expanded its distribution into tropical savannas. Reconstructing phylogeny down to species level is now the main goal of molecular systematists of the Proteaceae. The biggest challenge in achieving this task will be resolving species trees from numerous gene trees in complexes of closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Weston
- The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Reproductive allocation between the sexes, across natural and novel habitats, and its impact on genetic diversity. Evol Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-013-9672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Millar MA, Byrne M. Cryptic divergent lineages ofPultenaea paucifloraM.B. Scott (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae) exhibit different evolutionary history. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ann Millar
- Science Division; Department of Environment and Conservation; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104; Bentley; WA; 6983; Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science Division; Department of Environment and Conservation; Bentley Delivery Centre; Locked Bag 104; Bentley; WA; 6983; Australia
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Tepedino VJ. Overestimating population sizes of rare clonal plants. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2012; 26:945-947. [PMID: 22830959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V J Tepedino
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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Gross CL, Nelson PA, Haddadchi A, Fatemi M. Somatic mutations contribute to genotypic diversity in sterile and fertile populations of the threatened shrub, Grevillea rhizomatosa (Proteaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:331-42. [PMID: 22080138 PMCID: PMC3268532 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Grevillea rhizomatosa is a spreading shrub which exhibits multiple breeding strategies within a narrow area in the fire-prone heathlands of eastern Australia. Reproductive strategies include self-compatibility, self-incompatibility and clonality (with and without sterility). The close proximity of contrasting breeding systems provides an opportunity to explore the evolution of sterility and to compare and contrast the origins of genotypic diversity (recombinant or somatic) against degrees of sexual expression. METHODS ISSR markers for 120 band positions (putative loci) were used to compare genetic diversity among five populations at a macro-scale of 5 m between samples (n = 244 shrubs), and at a micro-scale of nearest neighbours for all plants in five 25-m(2) quadrats with contrasting fertilities (n = 162 shrubs). Nearest-neighbour sampling included several clusters of connected ramets. Matrix incompatibility (MIC) analyses were used to evaluate the relative contribution of recombination and somatic mutation to genotype diversity. KEY RESULTS High levels of genotypic diversity were found in all populations regardless of fertilities (fertile populations, G/N ≥ 0·94; sterile populations, G/N ≥ 0·97) and most sterile populations had a unique genetic profile. Somatic mutations were detected along connected ramets in ten out of 42 ramet clusters. MIC analyses showed that somatic mutations have contributed to diversity in all populations and particularly so in sterile populations. CONCLUSIONS Somatic mutations contribute significantly to gene diversity in sterile populations of Grevillea rhizomatosa, the accumulation of which is the likely cause of male and female sterility. High levels of genetic diversity therefore may not always be synonymous with sexual fitness and genetic health. We hypothesize that frequent fires drive selection for clonal reproduction, at the cost of flowering such that sexual functions are not maintained through selection, and the build-up of somatic mutations in meristems results in high genotype diversity at the cost of pollen and ovule fertilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Gross
- Ecosystem Management, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
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Brzyski JR, Culley TM. Genetic variation and clonal structure of the rare, riparian shrub Spiraea virginiana (Rosaceae). CONSERV GENET 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Severns PM, Liston A, Wilson MV. Implications of Nonadventitious Rhizome Spread on Reproduction, Inbreeding, and Conservation for a Rare Grassland Legume. J Hered 2011; 102:371-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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