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Fu Y, Pateri E, Kuipers OP. Discovery, Biosynthesis, and Characterization of Rodencin, a Two-Component Lanthipeptide, Harboring d-Amino Acids Introduced by the Unusual Dehydrogenase RodJ A. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 39302883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Lanthipeptides, a group of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), exhibit diverse structures and bioactivities. Their biosynthetic enzymes serve as valuable tools for peptide bioengineering. Here, we report a class II lanthipeptide biosynthetic gene cluster in a Bacillus strain, driving the biosynthesis of a two-component lanthipeptide, termed rodencin, featured by the presence of two different d-amino acids, i.e., d-Ala and d-Abu. Rodencin displays synergistic antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. The α-peptide of rodencin contains one d-Ala and the β-peptide features both d-Ala and d-Abu. These are installed by dehydratases RodM1 and RodM2 and dehydrogenase RodJA, the activities of which were successfully reconstituted using a dedicated E. coli expression system. To illustrate the unusual d-Abu incorporation potential of the enzymes, analogous to the d-amino acid-containing β peptide of lacticin 3147, was successfully produced with the rodencin heterologous expression system, by employing RodM2 and the dehydrogenase RodJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Eleftheria Pateri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG The Netherlands
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2
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Moreira R, Yang Y, Luo Y, Gilmore MS, van der Donk WA. Bibacillin 1: a two-component lantibiotic from Bacillus thuringiensis. RSC Chem Biol 2024:d4cb00192c. [PMID: 39268544 PMCID: PMC11385697 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00192c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we describe bibacillin 1 - a two-component lantibiotic from Bacillus thuringiensis. The peptides that comprise bibacillin 1 are modified by a class II lanthipeptide synthetase Bib1M producing two peptides with non-overlapping ring patterns that are reminiscent of cerecidin and the short component of the enterococcal cytolysin (CylLS''), a virulence factor associated with human disease. Stereochemical analysis demonstrated that each component contains ll-methyllanthionine and dl-lanthionine. The mature bibacillin 1 peptides showed cooperative bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including members of the ESKAPE pathogens, and weak hemolytic activity. Optimal ratio studies suggest that bibacillin 1 works best when the components are present in a 1 : 1 ratio, but near optimal activity was observed at ratios strongly favouring one component over the other, suggesting that the two peptides may have different but complementary targets. Mechanism of action studies suggest a lipid II-independent killing action distinguishing bibacillin 1 from two other two-component lantibiotics haloduracin and lacticin 3147. One of the two components of bibacillin 1 showed cross reactivity with the cytolysin regulatory system. These result support the involvement of bibacillin 1 in quorum sensing and raise questions about the impact of CylLS''-like natural products on lanthipeptide expression in diverse bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61822 USA +1 217 244 5360
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61822 USA +1 217 244 5360
| | - Youran Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61822 USA +1 217 244 5360
| | - Michael S Gilmore
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02144 USA
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61822 USA +1 217 244 5360
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3
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Ye Z, Shentu H, Zhou Q, Wu D, Li P, Gu Q. A novel bacteriocin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, purified from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM9. Food Chem 2024; 451:139344. [PMID: 38663238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel bacteriocin, plantaricin ZFM9, was purified from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM9 using a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, XAD-2 macroporous resin, Sephadex G-50, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The molecular mass of plantaricin ZFM9 was 1151.606 Da, and the purity was 98.3%. Plantaricin ZFM9 has thermal stability (95.6% retention at 120 °C for 30 min), pH stability (pH ≤ 5), and sensitivity to the pepsin, trypsin, papain, and proteinase K. Plantaricin ZFM9 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and notably inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus D48 (MRSA). According to the results of electron microscopy and fluorescence leakage assay, it was found that plantaricin ZFM9 caused damage to the cells membrane and leakage of the contents of S. aureus D48. In addition, Lipid II was not the anti-MRSA target of plantaricin ZFM9. This study underscores the potential of plantaricin ZFM9 for applications in the food field and biopharmaceuticals against MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongdu Ye
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huifei Shentu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Danli Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Nutritional Health, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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4
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Buddle JE, Fagan RP. Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridioides difficile. Virulence 2023; 14:2150452. [PMID: 36419222 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and is responsible for a spectrum of diseases characterized by high levels of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. Treatment is complex, since antibiotics constitute both the main treatment and the major risk factor for infection. Worryingly, resistance to multiple antibiotics is becoming increasingly widespread, leading to the classification of this pathogen as an urgent threat to global health. As a consummate opportunist, C. difficile is well equipped for promoting disease, owing to its arsenal of virulence factors: transmission of this anaerobe is highly efficient due to the formation of robust endospores, and an array of adhesins promote gut colonization. C. difficile produces multiple toxins acting upon gut epithelia, resulting in manifestations typical of diarrheal disease, and severe inflammation in a subset of patients. This review focuses on such virulence factors, as well as the importance of antimicrobial resistance and genome plasticity in enabling pathogenesis and persistence of this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Buddle
- Molecular Microbiology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert P Fagan
- Molecular Microbiology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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5
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Wu C, Lower BA, Moreira R, Dorantes D, Le T, Giurgiu C, Shi Y, van der Donk WA. Investigation into the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial peptide epilancin 15X. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247222. [PMID: 38029153 PMCID: PMC10652874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Addressing the current antibiotic-resistance challenge would be aided by the identification of compounds with novel mechanisms of action. Epilancin 15X, a lantibiotic produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis 15 × 154, displays antimicrobial activity in the submicromolar range against a subset of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. S. epidermidis is a common member of the human skin or mucosal microbiota. We here investigated the mechanism of action of epilancin 15X. The compound is bactericidal against Staphylococcus carnosus as well as Bacillus subtilis and appears to kill these bacteria by membrane disruption. Structure-activity relationship studies using engineered analogs show that its conserved positively charged residues and dehydroamino acids are important for bioactivity, but the N-terminal lactyl group is tolerant of changes. Epilancin 15X treatment negatively affects fatty acid synthesis, RNA translation, and DNA replication and transcription without affecting cell wall biosynthesis. The compound appears localized to the surface of bacteria and is most potent in disrupting the membranes of liposomes composed of negatively charged membrane lipids in a lipid II independent manner. Epilancin 15X does not elicit a LiaRS response in B. subtilis but did upregulate VraRS in S. carnosus. Treatment of S. carnosus or B. subtilis with epilancin 15X resulted in an aggregation phenotype in microscopy experiments. Collectively these studies provide new information on epilancin 15X activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - B. Alexis Lower
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Ryan Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Darian Dorantes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Tung Le
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Constantin Giurgiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Yanxiang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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6
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Peng Z, Xiong T, Huang T, Xu X, Fan P, Qiao B, Xie M. Factors affecting production and effectiveness, performance improvement and mechanisms of action of bacteriocins as food preservative. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12294-12307. [PMID: 35866501 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Modern society is increasingly attracted with safe, natural, and additive-free food products, that gives preference to bacteriocins produced by General Recognized as Safe bacteria as a food preservative. Bacteriocins have been reported to be effective in extending shelf life of diverse foods such as meats, dairy products, wine, juice, and fruits and vegetables, whereas commercialized bacteriocins remain only nisin, pediocin, and Micocin. It is important that commercialized preservatives undergo an easy-to-handle manufacturing while maintaining high efficacy. Limited application of bacteriocins is most often caused by the absence of legislatives for use, low production, high cost and complicated purification process, reduced efficiency in the complex food matrix and insufficiently defined mechanism of action. Accordingly, this review provides an overview of bacteriocins, in relation to production stimulation, general purification scheme, impact of food matrix on bacteriocin effectiveness, and collaborative technology to improve bacteriocin performances. It is worth to note that purification and performance improvement technology remain the two challenging tasks in promoting bacteriocins as a widely used bio-preservative. Furthermore, this review for the first time divides bacteriocin receptors into specific classes (class I, II, III) and nonspecific class, to provide a basis for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengrong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoling Qiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Choeisoongnern T, Chaiyasut C, Sivamaruthi BS, Makhamrueang N, Peerajan S, Sirilun S, Sittiprapaporn P. Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococcus faecium OV3-6 as a Bio-Preservative Agent to Produce Fermented Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Beverages: A Preliminary Study. Foods 2023; 12:3520. [PMID: 37835173 PMCID: PMC10572304 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination affects the quality of the fermented Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (H. cordata) beverage (FHB). The present study aimed to assess the bio-preservative property of Enterococcus faecium OV3-6 (E. faecium OV3-6) during the production of FHB. The antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus and the survival of E. faecium OV3-6 were studied. Then, FHB fermentation was performed with different preservatives (non-preservative, E. faecium OV3-6, cell-free supernatant of E. faecium OV3-6, and nisin) with and without representative pathogens. The maximum antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and B. cereus was observed after 18 h of cultivation in an MRS medium. E. faecium OV3-6 was used as a starter to produce the FHB, and the strain survived up to 48 h in the fermented beverage. E. faecium OV3-6 and its cell-free supernatant inhibited the growth of E. coli, Salmonella, B. cereus, and S. aureus in the stimulated FHB. The non-preservatives and nisin-containing FHB showed inhibition against Gram-positive pathogens. The FHB treated with E. faecium OV3-6 was rich in lactic acid bacteria, and the product was at an acceptable level of pH (less than 4.3). Certain limitations were identified in the study, such as lack of nutritional, metabolomics analysis, and safety and consumer acceptability of FHB. The results suggested that E. faecium OV3-6 could be used as a bio-preservative to produce fermented plant beverages (FPBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiwanya Choeisoongnern
- Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (B.S.S.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Netnapa Makhamrueang
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.C.); (B.S.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn
- Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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Mhlongo JT, Waddad AY, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Antimicrobial Peptide Synergies for Fighting Infectious Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300472. [PMID: 37407512 PMCID: PMC10502873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential elements of thehost defense system. Characterized by heterogenous structures and broad-spectrumaction, they are promising candidates for combating multidrug resistance. Thecombined use of AMPs with other antimicrobial agents provides a new arsenal ofdrugs with synergistic action, thereby overcoming the drawback of monotherapiesduring infections. AMPs kill microbes via pore formation, thus inhibitingintracellular functions. This mechanism of action by AMPs is an advantage overantibiotics as it hinders the development of drug resistance. The synergisticeffect of AMPs will allow the repurposing of conventional antimicrobials andenhance their clinical outcomes, reduce toxicity, and, most significantly,prevent the development of resistance. In this review, various synergies ofAMPs with antimicrobials and miscellaneous agents are discussed. The effect ofstructural diversity and chemical modification on AMP properties is firstaddressed and then different combinations that can lead to synergistic action,whether this combination is between AMPs and antimicrobials, or AMPs andmiscellaneous compounds, are attended. This review can serve as guidance whenredesigning and repurposing the use of AMPs in combination with other antimicrobialagents for enhanced clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T. Mhlongo
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Ayman Y. Waddad
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
- CIBER‐BBNNetworking Centre on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicineand Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
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Choi GH, Holzapfel WH, Todorov SD. Diversity of the bacteriocins, their classification and potential applications in combat of antibiotic resistant and clinically relevant pathogens. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:578-597. [PMID: 35731254 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is almost a century since discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, a century of enthusiasm, abuse, facing development of antibiotic-resistance and clear conclusion that the modern medicine needs a new type of antimicrobials. Bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes were widely explored as potential antimicrobials with several applications in food industry. In last two decades bacteriocins showed their potential as promising alternative therapeutic for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Bacteriocins can be characterised as highly selective antimicrobials and therapeutics with low cytotoxicity. Most probably in order to solve the problems associated with the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the application of natural or bioengineered bacteriocins in addition to synergistically acting preparations of bacteriocins and conventional antibiotics, can be the next step in combat versus drug-resistant pathogens. In this overview we focussed on diversity of specific lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins. Moreover, some additional examples of bacteriocins from non-lactic acid, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Archaea and eukaryotic organisms are presented and discussed. Therapeutic properties of bacteriocins, their bioengineering and combined applications, together with conventional antibiotics, were evaluated with the scope of application in human and veterinary medicine for combating (multi-)drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Hyeun Choi
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
- Human Effective Microbes, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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Heinzinger LR, Pugh AR, Wagner JA, Otto M. Evaluating the Translational Potential of Bacteriocins as an Alternative Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Animals and Humans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1256. [PMID: 37627676 PMCID: PMC10451987 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance remains a global threat to human and animal health. Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes minor to life-threatening infections. The widespread use of antibiotics in the clinical, veterinary, and agricultural setting combined with the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains makes it abundantly clear that alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed. Bacteriocins represent one potential alternative therapeutic. They are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria that are generally nontoxic and have a relatively narrow target spectrum, and they leave many commensals and most mammalian cells unperturbed. Multiple studies involving bacteriocins (e.g., nisin, epidermicin, mersacidin, and lysostaphin) have demonstrated their efficacy at eliminating or treating a wide variety of S. aureus infections in animal models. This review provides a comprehensive and updated evaluation of animal studies involving bacteriocins and highlights their translational potential. The strengths and limitations associated with bacteriocin treatments compared with traditional antibiotic therapies are evaluated, and the challenges that are involved with implementing novel therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (L.R.H.); (A.R.P.); (J.A.W.)
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11
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Li M, Tang H, Li Z, Song Y, Chen L, Ran C, Jiang Y, Chen C. Optimization of the Production and Characterization of an Antifungal Protein by Bacillus velezensis Strain NT35 and Its Antifungal Activity against Ilyonectria robusta Causing Ginseng Rusty Root Rot. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
A biocontrol Bacillus velezensis strain, NT35, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of ginseng, and its sterile filtrate was obtained through a 0.22 μm filter which had a significant inhibitory effect against Ilyonectria robusta, which causes rusty root rot in Panax ginseng. In order to obtain the best sterile filtrate, the medium fermentation conditions of the strain NT35 were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), and the best composition was obtained. Therefore, the fermentation medium was composed of yeast extract powder 2.5%, cornmeal 1.5%, K2HPO4 1.5%, and (NH4)2SO4 2.5%. The optimal inoculum amount was 6%, at an initial pH value of 7.0 and culturing at 34 °C at 180 rpm. The antifungal protein 1-4-2F was obtained through precipitation via 30% (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, desalting by Sephadex G-25, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. Tricine-SDS-PAGE showed that the purified protein had a relative molecular weight of approximately 6.5 kDa. The protein 1-4-2F was relatively stable and had better antifungal activity at pH 4–10 and 20–100 °C under ultraviolet irradiation of 30 W. The amino acid sequence of protein 1-4-2F was obtained using mass spectrometry, and had 100% similarity to a hypothetical protein from B. velezensis YAU B9601-Y2 (Accession No: AFJ62117). Its molecular weight was 10.176 kDa, the isoelectric point was 9.08, and its sequence coverage reached 49%. The EC50 value of the protein 1-4-2F against I. robusta was 1.519 μg·mL−1. The mycelia morphology of I. robusta changed significantly after treatment with antifungal protein under microscopic observation; the branches of the mycelia increased, distorted, partially swelled into a spherical or elliptical shape, and even ruptured; and the cells became vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao Tang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zongyan Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu Song
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chao Ran
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Changqing Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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12
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Ryan A, Patel P, Ratrey P, O'Connor PM, O'Sullivan J, Ross RP, Hill C, Hudson SP. The development of a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-based lacticin 3147 hydrogel for the treatment of wound infections. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023:10.1007/s13346-023-01332-9. [PMID: 36964439 PMCID: PMC10382363 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds affect millions of people globally. This number is set to rise with the increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which impair the healing of chronic wounds. Lacticin 3147 is a two-peptide chain bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis that is active against S. aureus including MRSA strains. Previously, poor physicochemical properties of the peptides were overcome by the encapsulation of lacticin 3147 into solid lipid nanoparticles. Here, a lacticin 3147 solid lipid nanoparticle gel is proposed as a topical treatment for S. aureus and MRSA wound infections. Initially, lacticin 3147's antimicrobial activity against S. aureus was determined before encapsulation into solid lipid nanoparticles. An optimised gel formulation with the desired physicochemical properties for topical application was developed, and the lacticin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and free lacticin 3147 aqueous solution were incorporated into separate gels. The release of lacticin 3147 from both the solid lipid nanoparticle and free lacticin gels was measured where the solid lipid nanoparticle gel exhibited increased activity for a longer period (11 days) compared to the free lacticin gel (9 days). Both gels displayed potent activity ex vivo against S. aureus-infected pig skin with significant bacterial eradication (> 75%) after 1 h. Thus, a long-acting potent lacticin 3147 solid lipid nanoparticle gel with the required physicochemical properties for topical delivery of lacticin 3147 to the skin for the potential treatment of S. aureus-infected chronic wounds was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoibhín Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Pratikkumar Patel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Poonam Ratrey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Paula M O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Julie O'Sullivan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- SSPC the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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13
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Imperlini E, Massaro F, Buonocore F. Antimicrobial Peptides against Bacterial Pathogens: Innovative Delivery Nanosystems for Pharmaceutical Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010184. [PMID: 36671385 PMCID: PMC9854484 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of antibiotics has revolutionized the treatment and prevention of microbial infections. However, the global spread of pathogens resistant to available antibiotics is a major concern. Recently, the WHO has updated the priority list of multidrug-resistant (MDR) species for which the discovery of new therapeutics is urgently needed. In this scenario, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a new potential alternative to conventional antibiotics, as they show a low risk of developing antimicrobial resistance, thus preventing MDR bacterial infections. However, there are limitations and challenges related to the clinical impact of AMPs, as well as great scientific efforts to find solutions aimed at improving their biological activity, in vivo stability, and bioavailability by reducing the eventual toxicity. To overcome some of these issues, different types of nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for AMP delivery over the last decades. In this review, we provide an update on recent nanosystems applied to AMPs, with special attention on their potential pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of bacterial infections. Among lipid nanomaterials, solid lipid NPs and lipid nanocapsules have been employed to enhance AMP solubility and protect peptides from proteolytic degradation. In addition, polymeric NPs, particularly nanogels, are able to help in reducing AMP toxicity and also increasing AMP loading. To boost AMP activity instead, mesoporous silica or gold NPs can be selected due to their easy surface functionalization. They have been also used as nanocarriers for different AMP combinations, thus synergistically potentiating their action against pathogens.
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14
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Panina IS, Balandin SV, Tsarev AV, Chugunov AO, Tagaev AA, Finkina EI, Antoshina DV, Sheremeteva EV, Paramonov AS, Rickmeyer J, Bierbaum G, Efremov RG, Shenkarev ZO, Ovchinnikova TV. Specific Binding of the α-Component of the Lantibiotic Lichenicidin to the Peptidoglycan Precursor Lipid II Predetermines Its Antimicrobial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021332. [PMID: 36674846 PMCID: PMC9863751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, a number of lantibiotics have been shown to use lipid II-a highly conserved peptidoglycan precursor in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria-as their molecular target. The α-component (Lchα) of the two-component lantibiotic lichenicidin, previously isolated from the Bacillus licheniformis VK21 strain, seems to contain two putative lipid II binding sites in its N-terminal and C-terminal domains. Using NMR spectroscopy in DPC micelles, we obtained convincing evidence that the C-terminal mersacidin-like site is involved in the interaction with lipid II. These data were confirmed by the MD simulations. The contact area of lipid II includes pyrophosphate and disaccharide residues along with the first isoprene units of bactoprenol. MD also showed the potential for the formation of a stable N-terminal nisin-like complex; however, the conditions necessary for its implementation in vitro remain unknown. Overall, our results clarify the picture of two component lantibiotics mechanism of antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S. Panina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Balandin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-335-0900
| | - Andrey V. Tsarev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anton O. Chugunov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Tagaev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V. Antoshina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elvira V. Sheremeteva
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Paramonov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jasmin Rickmeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53117 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53117 Bonn, Germany
| | - Roman G. Efremov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Applied Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Structure and Activity Relationships of the Two-Component Lantibiotic Bicereucin. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2529-2539. [PMID: 36354217 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Identified from the pathogen Bacillus cereus SJ1, the two-component lantibiotic bicereucin is featured by the presence of a series of nonproteogenic amino acids and exhibits potent synergistic activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, as well as hemolytic activity against mammalian cells. In this study, we performed site-directed mutagenesis on the nonproteogenic amino acids as well as truncation of dehydrobutyrine-rich N-terminal residues and evaluated the effects on both biological activities. We identified that D-Ala21 and D-Ala26 of Bsjα and D-Ala23 and D-Ala28 of Bsjβ play an essential role in the antimicrobial activity, while the N-termini of both peptides are important for both activities. We also determined that the integrity of both subunits is essential for hemolytic activity. Finally, we obtained two variants BsjαtS17A+Bsjβ and BsjαS30A+BsjβT19A, which retained the antimicrobial activity and exhibited greatly decreased hemolytic toxicity. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationships of bicereucin and insights into the mechanism of action thereof, facilitating the further exploration of the molecular basis of the binding receptor of bicereucin and genome mining of potential novel two-component lantibiotics.
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16
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Ongpipattanakul C, Desormeaux EK, DiCaprio A, van der Donk WA, Mitchell DA, Nair SK. Mechanism of Action of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptides. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14722-14814. [PMID: 36049139 PMCID: PMC9897510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a natural product class that has undergone significant expansion due to the rapid growth in genome sequencing data and recognition that they are made by biosynthetic pathways that share many characteristic features. Their mode of actions cover a wide range of biological processes and include binding to membranes, receptors, enzymes, lipids, RNA, and metals as well as use as cofactors and signaling molecules. This review covers the currently known modes of action (MOA) of RiPPs. In turn, the mechanisms by which these molecules interact with their natural targets provide a rich set of molecular paradigms that can be used for the design or evolution of new or improved activities given the relative ease of engineering RiPPs. In this review, coverage is limited to RiPPs originating from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanid Ongpipattanakul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emily K. Desormeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Adam DiCaprio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Douglas A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Satish K. Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Departments of Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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17
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Griggs JL, Chi L, Hanley NM, Kohan M, Herbin-Davis K, Thomas DJ, Lu K, Fry RC, Bradham KD. Bioaccessibility of arsenic from contaminated soils and alteration of the gut microbiome in an in vitro gastrointestinal model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119753. [PMID: 35835276 PMCID: PMC9667710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure has been reported to alter the gut microbiome in mice. Activity of the gut microbiome derived from fecal microbiota has been found to affect arsenic bioaccessibility in an in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) model. Only a few studies have explored the relation between arsenic exposure and changes in the composition of the gut microbiome and in arsenic bioaccessibility. Here, we used simulated GI model system (GIMS) containing a stomach, small intestine, colon phases and microorganisms obtained from mouse feces (GIMS-F) and cecal contents (GIMS-C) to assess whether exposure to arsenic-contaminated soils affect the gut microbiome and whether composition of the gut microbiome affects arsenic bioaccessibility. Soils contaminated with arsenic did not alter gut microbiome composition in GIMS-F colon phase. In contrast, arsenic exposure resulted in the decline of bacteria in GIMS-C, including members of Clostridiaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Parabacteroides due to greater diversity and variability in microbial sensitivity to arsenic exposure. Arsenic bioaccessibility was greatest in the acidic stomach phase of GIMS (pH 1.5-1.7); except for GIMS-C colon phase exposed to mining-impacted soil in which greater levels of arsenic solubilized likely due to microbiome effects. Physicochemical properties of different test soils likely influenced variability in arsenic bioaccessibility (GIMS-F bioaccessibility range: 8-37%, GIMS-C bioaccessibility range: 2-18%) observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Griggs
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nancy M Hanley
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Michael Kohan
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Karen Herbin-Davis
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - David J Thomas
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Karen D Bradham
- Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modelling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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18
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Ryan A, Patel P, O'Connor PM, Cookman J, Paul Ross R, Hill C, Hudson SP. Single versus double occupancy solid lipid nanoparticles for delivery of the dual-acting bacteriocin, lacticin 3147. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:199-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Barbosa JC, Gonçalves S, Makowski M, Silva ÍC, Caetano T, Schneider T, Mösker E, Süssmuth RD, Santos NC, Mendo S. Insights into the mode of action of the two-peptide lantibiotic lichenicidin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 211:112308. [PMID: 34973602 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are promising candidates to address the worldwide problem of antibiotic resistance. They belong to a class of natural compounds exhibiting strong activity against clinically relevant Gram-positive bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). Lichenicidin is a class II two-peptide lantibiotic. The presence of the two mature peptides, Bliα and Bliβ, is necessary for full activity against target bacteria. This work aims at clarifying the synergistic activity of both peptides in their interaction with the target membranes. The effect of lichenicidin was tested against S. aureus cells and large unilamellar vesicles. Lichenicidin increases the net surface charge of S. aureus, as shown by zeta-potential measurements, without reaching electroneutralization. In addition, lichenicidin causes cell surface perturbations that culminate in the leakage of its internal contents, as observed by atomic force microscopy. Bliα seems to have low affinity for S. aureus, however, it contributes to increase the affinity of Bliβ, because together they present higher affinity than separately. In contrast, Bliα seems to provide an anchoring site for lichenicidin in lipid II-containing membranes. Interestingly, Bliβ alone can induce high levels of membrane leakage, but this effect appears to be faster in the presence of Bliα. Based on this information, we propose a mechanism of action of lichenicidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Barbosa
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marcin Makowski
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ítala C Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Caetano
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tanja Schneider
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Eva Mösker
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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20
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Design of Membrane Active Peptides Considering Multi-Objective Optimization for Biomedical Application. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020180. [PMID: 35207101 PMCID: PMC8880019 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of membrane active peptides exists that divides into subclasses, such as cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) capable to enter eukaryotic cells or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) able to interact with prokaryotic cell envelops. Peptide membrane interactions arise from unique sequence motifs of the peptides that account for particular physicochemical properties. Membrane active peptides are mainly cationic, often primary or secondary amphipathic, and they interact with membranes depending on the composition of the bilayer lipids. Sequences of these peptides consist of short 5–30 amino acid sections derived from natural proteins or synthetic sources. Membrane active peptides can be designed using computational methods or can be identified in screenings of combinatorial libraries. This review focuses on strategies that were successfully applied to the design and optimization of membrane active peptides with respect to the fact that diverse features of successful peptide candidates are prerequisites for biomedical application. Not only membrane activity but also degradation stability in biological environments, propensity to induce resistances, and advantageous toxicological properties are crucial parameters that have to be considered in attempts to design useful membrane active peptides. Reliable assay systems to access the different biological characteristics of numerous membrane active peptides are essential tools for multi-objective peptide optimization.
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21
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Assessing the potential of the two-peptide lantibiotic lichenicidin as a new generation antimicrobial. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:18. [PMID: 34977979 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are a promising class of natural antimicrobial peptides. Lichenicidin is a two-peptide lantibiotic in which two mature peptides act synergistically to exhibit full bioactivity. Considering the two-peptide lantibiotics described so far, only cytolysin has been deeply characterized in terms of toxicity towards eukaryotic cells and it was found to be hemolytic and cytotoxic. This work aimed to improve the production of lichenicidin in vivo and characterize its antibacterial activity and toxicity against human cells. Peptides were purified and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against several strains; a time-kill assay was performed with Staphylococcus aureus. The hemolytic effect of lichenicidin was evaluated on blood samples from healthy donors and its toxicity towards human fibroblasts. The quantity of purified peptides was 1 mg/l Bliα and 0.4 mg/l Bliβ. MIC for methicillin-sensitive and resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) strains were 16-32 µg/ml and 64-128 µg/ml, respectively. At the MIC, lichenicidin took less than 3 h to eliminate MSSA, indicating a strong bactericidal effect. It induces cell lysis at the highest concentration, an effect that might be potentiated by Bliβ. Lichenicidin was not cytotoxic to human erythrocytes and fibroblasts. In this work, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of lichenicidin as a possible antimicrobial alternative.
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22
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Roshanak S, Shahidi F, Tabatabaei Yazdi F, Javadmanesh A, Movaffagh J. Buforin I an alternative to conventional antibiotics: Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties, stability, and safety. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105301. [PMID: 34822969 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides are being developed as a promising class of antimicrobial sub-stances. The introduction of a new antibiotic component requires a comprehensive study of its properties so that it can be relied upon to continue laboratory procedures and clinical trials on laboratory animals or human volunteers. Antimicrobial activity of buforin I was evaluated against 15 of the most important pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. This was followed by assessing anti-biofilm activity, time-dependent inhibitory, thermal stability, plas-ma stability, hemolysis, and cytotoxic activities. The range of obtained MICs was between 4 and 16 μg/mL. The most resistant and most sensitive microbial strains were S. salivarius and C. perfringens, respectively. Buforin I not only inhibited biofilm formation, but also showed a high biofilm radiation activity. Buforin I was stable in human plasma and also at different temperatures including 40, 60, and 80 °C. Although no significant anti-cancer properties were observed for buforin I, the lack of cytotoxicity as well as the lack of hemolytic activity confirm its safety. The high therapeutic index indicated that buforin I has a considerable pharmaceutical potential and can be a reasonable candidate to replace antibiotics or administered in combination with antibiotics to increase the effectiveness as well as reduce the dose of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Roshanak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fakhri Shahidi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farideh Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Javadmanesh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Jebraeil Movaffagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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23
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Tocchetti A, Iorio M, Hamid Z, Armirotti A, Reggiani A, Donadio S. Understanding the Mechanism of Action of NAI-112, a Lanthipeptide with Potent Antinociceptive Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226764. [PMID: 34833857 PMCID: PMC8624038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NAI-112, a glycosylated, labionine-containing lanthipeptide with weak antibacterial activity, has demonstrated analgesic activity in relevant mouse models of nociceptive and neuropathic pain. However, the mechanism(s) through which NAI-112 exerts its analgesic and antibacterial activities is not known. In this study, we analyzed changes in the spinal cord lipidome resulting from treatment with NAI-112 of naive and in-pain mice. Notably, NAI-112 led to an increase in phosphatidic acid levels in both no-pain and pain models and to a decrease in lysophosphatidic acid levels in the pain model only. We also showed that NAI-112 can form complexes with dipalmitoyl-phosphatidic acid and that Staphylococcus aureus can become resistant to NAI-112 through serial passages at sub-inhibitory concentrations of the compound. The resulting resistant mutants were phenotypically and genotypically related to vancomycin-insensitive S. aureus strains, suggesting that NAI-112 binds to the peptidoglycan intermediate lipid II. Altogether, our results suggest that NAI-112 binds to phosphate-containing lipids and blocks pain sensation by decreasing levels of lysophosphatidic acid in the TRPV1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna Iorio
- Naicons Srl, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zeeshan Hamid
- D3 Validation, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (Z.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Angelo Reggiani
- D3 Validation, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (Z.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Stefano Donadio
- Naicons Srl, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.T.); (S.D.)
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24
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Kirtonia K, Salauddin M, Bharadwaj KK, Pati S, Dey A, Shariati MA, Tilak VK, Kuznetsova E, Sarkar T. Bacteriocin: A new strategic antibiofilm agent in food industries. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Biology and applications of co-produced, synergistic antimicrobials from environmental bacteria. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1118-1128. [PMID: 34446927 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental bacteria, such as Streptomyces spp., produce specialized metabolites that are potent antibiotics and therapeutics. Selected specialized antimicrobials are co-produced and function together synergistically. Co-produced antimicrobials comprise multiple chemical classes and are produced by a wide variety of bacteria in different environmental niches, suggesting that their combined functions are ecologically important. Here, we highlight the exquisite mechanisms that underlie the simultaneous production and functional synergy of 16 sets of co-produced antimicrobials. To date, antibiotic and antifungal discovery has focused mainly on single molecules, but we propose that methods to target co-produced antimicrobials could widen the scope and applications of discovery programs.
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26
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Rahman IR, Sanchez A, Tang W, van der Donk WA. Structure-Activity Relationships of the Enterococcal Cytolysin. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2445-2454. [PMID: 34265205 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcal cytolysin is a hemolytic virulence factor linked to human disease and increased patient mortality. Produced by pathogenic strains of Enterococcus faecalis, cytolysin is made up of two small, post-translationally modified peptides called CylLL" and CylLS". They exhibit a unique toxicity profile where lytic activity is observed for both mammalian cells and Gram-positive bacteria that is dependent on the presence of both peptides. In this study, we performed alanine substitution of all residues in CylLL" and CylLS" and determined the effect on both activities. We identified key residues involved in overall activity and residues that dictate cell type specificity. All (methyl)lanthionines as well as a Gly-rich hinge region were critical for both activities. In addition, we investigated the binding of the two subunits to bacterial cells suggesting that the large subunit CylLL" has stronger affinity for the membrane or a target molecule therein. Genome mining identified other potential two-component lanthipeptides and provided insights into potential evolutionary origins.
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27
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Ryan A, Patel P, O'Connor PM, Ross RP, Hill C, Hudson SP. Pharmaceutical design of a delivery system for the bacteriocin lacticin 3147. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1735-1751. [PMID: 33876405 PMCID: PMC8236048 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lacticin 3147 is a dual-acting two-peptide bacteriocin which is generally active against Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria such as Closteroides difficile in the colon. L. monocytogenes infections can cause life-long effects in the elderly and vulnerable and can cause severe complications in pregnant women. C. difficile causes one of the most common healthcare-associated infections and can be fatal in vulnerable groups such as the elderly. Although lacticin 3147 is degraded by intestinal proteases and has poor aqueous solubility, encapsulation of the bacteriocin could enable its use as an antimicrobial for treating these bacterial infections locally in the gastrointestinal tract. Lacticin 3147 displayed activity in aqueous solutions at a range of pH values and in gastric and intestinal fluids. Exposure to trypsin and α-chymotrypsin resulted in complete inactivation, implying that lacticin 3147 should be protected from these enzymes to achieve successful local delivery to the gastrointestinal tract. The amount of lacticin 3147 dissolved, i.e. its solution concentration, in water or buffered solutions at pH 1.6 and 7.4 was low and varied with time but increased and was stabilized in gastrointestinal fluids by the phospholipid and bile salt components present. Thus, the feasibility of a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) delivery system for local administration of lacticin 3147 was investigated. Bacteriocin activity was observed after encapsulation and release from a lipid matrix. Moreover, activity was seen after exposure to degrading enzymes. Further optimization of SLN delivery systems could enable the successful pharmaceutical development of active lacticin 3147 as an alternative to traditional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoibhín Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Pratikkumar Patel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Paula M O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy Co. Cork, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- SSPC the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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28
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Cao L, Do T, Link AJ. Mechanisms of action of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs). J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6121428. [PMID: 33928382 PMCID: PMC8183687 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural products remain a critical source of medicines and drug leads. One of the most rapidly growing superclasses of natural products is RiPPs: ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides. RiPPs have rich and diverse bioactivities. This review highlights examples of the molecular mechanisms of action that underly those bioactivities. Particular emphasis is placed on RiPP/target interactions for which there is structural information. This detailed mechanism of action work is critical toward the development of RiPPs as therapeutics and can also be used to prioritize hits in RiPP genome mining studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Truc Do
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - A James Link
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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29
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Zhao X, Wang X, Shukla R, Kumar R, Weingarth M, Breukink E, Kuipers OP. Brevibacillin 2V Exerts Its Bactericidal Activity via Binding to Lipid II and Permeabilizing Cellular Membranes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694847. [PMID: 34335524 PMCID: PMC8322648 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipo-tridecapeptides, a class of bacterial non-ribosomally produced peptides, show strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. However, many of these lipo-tridecapeptides have shown high hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity, which has limited their potential to be developed into antibiotics. Recently, we reported a novel antimicrobial lipo-tridecapeptide, brevibacillin 2V, which showed no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at a high concentration of 128 mg/L, opposite to other brevibacillins and lipo-tridecapeptides. In addition, brevibacillin 2V showed much lower cytotoxicity than the other members of the brevibacillin family. In this study, we set out to elucidate the antimicrobial mode of action of brevibacillin 2V. The results show that brevibacillin 2V acts as bactericidal antimicrobial agent against S. aureus (MRSA). Further studies show that brevibacillin 2V exerts its bactericidal activity by binding to the bacterial cell wall synthesis precursor Lipid II and permeabilizing the bacterial membrane. Combined solid-state NMR, circular dichroism, and isothermal titration calorimetry assays indicate that brevibacillin 2V binds to the GlcNAc-MurNAc moiety and/or the pentapeptide of Lipid II. This study provides an insight into the antimicrobial mode of action of brevibacillin 2V. As brevibacillin 2V is a novel and promising antibiotic candidate with low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity, the here-elucidated mode of action will help further studies to develop it as an alternative antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rhythm Shukla
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Raj Kumar
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Markus Weingarth
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
Lanthipeptides are a class of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products characterized by the presence of lanthionine and methyllanthionine. During the maturation of select lanthipeptides, five different alterations have been observed to the chemical structure of the peptide backbone. First, dehydratases generate dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine from Ser or Thr residues, respectively. A second example of introduction of unsaturation is the oxidative decarboxylation of C-terminal Cys residues catalyzed by the decarboxylase LanD. Both modifications result in loss of chirality at the α-carbon of the amino acid residues. Attack of a cysteine thiol onto a dehydrated amino acid results in thioether crosslink formation with either inversion or retention of the l-stereochemical configuration at the α-carbon of former Ser and Thr residues. A fourth modification of the protein backbone is the hydrogenation of dehydroamino acids to afford d-amino acids catalyzed by NAD(P)H-dependent reductases. A fifth modification is the conversion of Asp to isoAsp. Herein, the methods used to produce and characterize the lanthipeptide bicereucin will be described in detail along with a brief overview of other lanthipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Ayikpoe
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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31
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Walsh L, Johnson CN, Hill C, Ross RP. Efficacy of Phage- and Bacteriocin-Based Therapies in Combatting Nosocomial MRSA Infections. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:654038. [PMID: 33996906 PMCID: PMC8116899 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.654038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen commonly found in nosocomial environments where infections can easily spread - especially given the reduced immune response of patients and large overlap between personnel in charge of their care. Although antibiotics are available to treat nosocomial infections, the increased occurrence of antibiotic resistance has rendered many treatments ineffective. Such is the case for methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which has continued to be a threat to public health since its emergence. For this reason, alternative treatment technologies utilizing antimicrobials such as bacteriocins, bacteriophages (phages) and phage endolysins are being developed. These antimicrobials provide an advantage over antibiotics in that many have narrow inhibition spectra, enabling treatments to be selected based on the target (pathogenic) bacterium while allowing for survival of commensal bacteria and thus avoiding collateral damage to the microbiome. Bacterial resistance to these treatments occurs less frequently than with antibiotics, particularly in circumstances where combinatory antimicrobial therapies are used. Phage therapy has been well established in Eastern Europe as an effective treatment against bacterial infections. While there are no Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) to our knowledge examining phage treatment of S. aureus infections that have completed all trial phases, numerous clinical trials are underway, and several commercial phage preparations are currently available to treat S. aureus infections. Bacteriocins have primarily been used in the food industry for bio-preservation applications. However, the idea of repurposing bacteriocins for human health is an attractive one considering their efficacy against many bacterial pathogens. There are concerns about the ability of bacteriocins to survive the gastrointestinal tract given their proteinaceous nature, however, this obstacle may be overcome by altering the administration route of the therapy through encapsulation, or by bioengineering protease-resistant variants. Obstacles such as enzymatic digestion are less of an issue for topical/local administration, for example, application to the surface of the skin. Bacteriocins have also shown impressive synergistic effects when used in conjunction with other antimicrobials, including antibiotics, which may allow antibiotic-based therapies to be used more sparingly with less resistance development. This review provides an updated account of known bacteriocins, phages and phage endolysins which have demonstrated an impressive ability to kill S. aureus strains. In particular, examples of antimicrobials with the ability to target MRSA strains and their subsequent use in a clinical setting are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Walsh
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Crystal N Johnson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
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32
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Martínez B, Rodríguez A, Kulakauskas S, Chapot-Chartier MP. Cell wall homeostasis in lactic acid bacteria: threats and defences. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 44:538-564. [PMID: 32495833 PMCID: PMC7476776 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) encompasses industrially relevant bacteria involved in food fermentations as well as health-promoting members of our autochthonous microbiota. In the last years, we have witnessed major progresses in the knowledge of the biology of their cell wall, the outermost macrostructure of a Gram-positive cell, which is crucial for survival. Sophisticated biochemical analyses combined with mutation strategies have been applied to unravel biosynthetic routes that sustain the inter- and intra-species cell wall diversity within LAB. Interplay with global cell metabolism has been deciphered that improved our fundamental understanding of the plasticity of the cell wall during growth. The cell wall is also decisive for the antimicrobial activity of many bacteriocins, for bacteriophage infection and for the interactions with the external environment. Therefore, genetic circuits involved in monitoring cell wall damage have been described in LAB, together with a plethora of defence mechanisms that help them to cope with external threats and adapt to harsh conditions. Since the cell wall plays a pivotal role in several technological and health-promoting traits of LAB, we anticipate that this knowledge will pave the way for the future development and extended applications of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martínez
- DairySafe research group. Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products. Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC. Paseo Río Linares s/n. 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- DairySafe research group. Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products. Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC. Paseo Río Linares s/n. 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Saulius Kulakauskas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Sibinelli-Sousa S, Hespanhol JT, Bayer-Santos E. Targeting the Achilles' Heel of Bacteria: Different Mechanisms To Break Down the Peptidoglycan Cell Wall during Bacterial Warfare. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e00478-20. [PMID: 33139480 PMCID: PMC8088523 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00478-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria commonly live in dense polymicrobial communities and compete for scarce resources. Consequently, they employ a diverse array of mechanisms to harm, inhibit, and kill their competitors. The cell wall is essential for bacterial survival by providing mechanical strength to resist osmotic stress. Because peptidoglycan is the major component of the cell wall and its synthesis is a complex multistep pathway that requires the coordinate action of several enzymes, it provides a target for rival bacteria, which have developed a large arsenal of antibacterial molecules to attack the peptidoglycan of competitors. These molecules include antibiotics, bacteriocins, and contact-dependent effectors that are either secreted into the medium or directly translocated into a target cell. In this minireview, we summarize the diversity of these molecules and highlight distinct mechanisms to disrupt the peptidoglycan, giving special attention to molecules that are known or have the potential to be used during interbacterial competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sibinelli-Sousa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Takuno Hespanhol
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ethel Bayer-Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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34
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S S, S R. Cyclic peptide production from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their diverse applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2909-2927. [PMID: 33356473 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1860900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cyclic peptides gave gained increasing attention owing to their pH tolerance, heat stability and resistance to enzymatic actions. The increasing outbreaks of antibiotic resistant pathogens and food spoilage have prompted researchers to search for new approaches to combat them. The increasing number of reports on novel cyclic peptides from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is considered as a breakthrough due to their potential applications. Although an extensive investigation is required to understand the mechanism of action and range of applications, LAB cyclic peptides can be considered as potential substitutes for commercially available antibiotics and bio preservatives. This review summarizes the current updates of LAB cyclic peptides with emphasis on their structure, mode of action and applications. Recent trends in cyclic peptide applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankalathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rupachandra S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankalathur, Tamilnadu, India
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35
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Duraisamy S, Balakrishnan S, Ranjith S, Husain F, Sathyan A, Peter AS, Prahalathan C, Kumarasamy A. Bacteriocin-a potential antimicrobial peptide towards disrupting and preventing biofilm formation in the clinical and environmental locales. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44922-44936. [PMID: 33006097 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm, a consortium of microbial cells, protected by extracellular polymeric matrix, is considered a global challenge due to the inherent antibiotic resistance conferred by its lifestyle. Besides, it poses environmental threats causing huge damage in food industries, fisheries, refineries, water systems, pharmaceutical industries, medical industries, etc. Living in a community of microbial populations is most critical in the clinical field, making it responsible for about 80% of severe and chronic microbial diseases. The necessity to find an alternative approach is the need of the hour to solve these crises. So far, many approaches have been attempted to disrupt the initial stage of biofilm formation, including adherence and maturation. Bacteriocins are a group of antimicrobial peptides, produced by bacteria having the potential to disrupt biofilm either by itself or in combination with other drugs than antibiotic counterparts. A clear understanding on mechanisms of bacterial biofilm formation, progression, and resistance will surely lead to the development of innovative, effective biofilm control strategies in pharmaceutical, health care industries and environmental locales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbagam Duraisamy
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Senthilkumar Balakrishnan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sukumar Ranjith
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Fazal Husain
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Aswathy Sathyan
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Ansu Susan Peter
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Chidambaram Prahalathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Anbarasu Kumarasamy
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
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36
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Roshanak S, Shahidi F, Tabatabaei Yazdi F, Javadmanesh A, Movaffagh J. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Buforin I and Nisin and Synergistic Effect of the Combination of them as a Novel Antimicrobial Preservative. J Food Prot 2020; 83:2018-2025. [PMID: 32502264 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most effective methods for increasing the antimicrobial activity of a substance is to combine it with one or more other antimicrobial agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of buforin I and nisin alone and investigate the synergistic action of these compounds against the most important food spoilage microorganisms in clouding B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, L. innocua, E. coli, S. Enteritidis, A. oryzae, R. glutinis and G. candidum. The results of MIC and MBC/MFC examinations showed that buforin I had higher antimicrobial activity than nisin on all the microbial strains used in this study (p≤0.5). E.coli was the most resistant to both antimicrobial agents, while Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most sensitive to nisin and buforin I, respectively. The results of synergistic interaction between buforin I and nisin indicated that the combination of buforin I and nisin on B. subtilis, S. epidermidis and A. oryzae showed synergistic effect, while it had no effect on S. Enteritidis and Geotrichum candidum. The combination of buforin I and nisin showed partial synergistic effect on Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli, Rhodotorula glutinis. Assessment of viability of the microorganisms under the antimicrobial agents alone and in combination with each other at MICs and FICs indicated that use of these antimicrobial agents in combination enhances antimicrobial activity at lower concentrations of both agents. The present study investigated the antimicrobial properties of buforin I against food spoilage microorganisms for the first time and suggests that its use alone or in combination with nisin may provide a clear horizon for the application of antimicrobial peptides as natural preservatives. Thus, the combination of antimicrobial peptides and traditional antimicrobial food preservative could be a promising option for the prevention of contamination, spoilage, and infestation of food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fakhri Shahidi
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Professor Food science and Technology Azadi IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Mashhad Razavi Khorasan 9177948974
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37
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Cui Y, Luo L, Wang X, Lu Y, Yi Y, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Mining, heterologous expression, purification, antibactericidal mechanism, and application of bacteriocins: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:863-899. [PMID: 33443793 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are generally considered as low-molecular-weight ribosomal peptides or proteins synthesized by G+ and G- bacteria that inhibit or kill other related or unrelated microorganisms. However, low yield is an important factor restricting the application of bacteriocins. This paper reviews mining methods, heterologous expression in different systems, the purification technologies applied to bacteriocins, and identification methods, as well as the antibacterial mechanism and applications in three different food systems. Bioinformatics improves the efficiency of bacteriocins mining. Bacteriocins can be heterologously expressed in different expression systems (e.g., Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, and yeast). Ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis membrane, pH-mediated cell adsorption/desorption, solvent extraction, macroporous resin column, and chromatography are always used as purification methods for bacteriocins. The bacteriocins are identified through electrophoresis and mass spectrum. Cell envelope (e.g., cell permeabilization and pore formation) and inhibition of gene expression are common antibacterial mechanisms of bacteriocins. Bacteriocins can be added to protect meat products (e.g., beef and sausages), dairy products (e.g., cheese, milk, and yogurt), and vegetables and fruits (e.g., salad, apple juice, and soybean sprouts). The future research directions are also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Cui
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lingli Luo
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bianfang Liu
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Lü
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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38
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Smits SHJ, Schmitt L, Beis K. Self-immunity to antibacterial peptides by ABC transporters. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3920-3942. [PMID: 33040342 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria produce under certain stress conditions bacteriocins and microcins that display antibacterial activity against closely related species for survival. Bacteriocins and microcins exert their antibacterial activity by either disrupting the membrane or inhibiting essential intracellular processes of the bacterial target. To this end, they can lyse bacterial membranes and cause subsequent loss of their integrity or nutrients, or hijack membrane receptors for internalisation. Both bacteriocins and microcins are ribosomally synthesised and several are posttranslationally modified, whereas others are not. Such peptides are also toxic to the producer bacteria, which utilise immunity proteins or/and dedicated ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters to achieve self-immunity and peptide export. In this review, we discuss the structure and mechanism of self-protection that is conferred by these ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Beis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.,Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
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Bobeica SC, Zhu L, Acedo JZ, Tang W, van der Donk WA. Structural determinants of macrocyclization in substrate-controlled lanthipeptide biosynthetic pathways. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12854-12870. [PMID: 34094481 PMCID: PMC8163290 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthipeptides are characterized by thioether crosslinks formed by post-translational modifications. The cyclization process that favors a single ring pattern over many other possible ring patterns has been the topic of much speculation. Recent studies suggest that for some systems the cyclization pattern and stereochemistry is determined not by the enzyme, but by the sequence of the precursor peptide. However, the factors that govern the outcome of the cyclization process are not understood. This study presents the three-dimensional structures of seven lanthipeptides determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including five prochlorosins and the two peptides that make up cytolysin, a virulence factor produced by Enterococcus faecalis that is directly linked to human disease. These peptides were chosen because their substrate sequence determines either the ring pattern (prochlorosins) or the stereochemistry of cyclization (cytolysins). We present the structures of prochlorosins 1.1, 2.1, 2.8, 2.10 and 2.11, the first three-dimensional structures of prochlorosins. Our findings provide insights into the molecular determinants of cyclization as well as why some prochlorosins may be better starting points for library generation than others. The structures of the large and small subunits of the enterococcal cytolysin show that these peptides have long helical stretches, a rare observation for lanthipeptides characterized to date. These helices may explain their pore forming activity and suggest that the small subunit may recognize a molecular target followed by recruitment of the large subunit to span the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia C Bobeica
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA +1-217-244-8533 +1-217-244-5360
| | - Lingyang Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences NMR Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 505 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Jeella Z Acedo
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA +1-217-244-8533 +1-217-244-5360
| | - Weixin Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA +1-217-244-8533 +1-217-244-5360
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA +1-217-244-8533 +1-217-244-5360
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40
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Walker MC, Eslami SM, Hetrick KJ, Ackenhusen SE, Mitchell DA, van der Donk WA. Precursor peptide-targeted mining of more than one hundred thousand genomes expands the lanthipeptide natural product family. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:387. [PMID: 32493223 PMCID: PMC7268733 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lanthipeptides belong to the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide group of natural products and have a variety of biological activities ranging from antibiotics to antinociceptives. These peptides are cyclized through thioether crosslinks and can bear other secondary post-translational modifications. While lanthipeptide biosynthetic gene clusters can be identified by the presence of genes encoding characteristic enzymes involved in the post-translational modification process, locating the precursor peptides encoded within these clusters is challenging due to their short length and high sequence variability, which limits the high-throughput exploration of lanthipeptide biosynthesis. To address this challenge, we enhanced the predictive capabilities of Rapid ORF Description & Evaluation Online (RODEO) to identify members of all four known classes of lanthipeptides. Results Using RODEO, we mined over 100,000 bacterial and archaeal genomes in the RefSeq database. We identified nearly 8500 lanthipeptide precursor peptides. These precursor peptides were identified in a broad range of bacterial phyla as well as the Euryarchaeota phylum of archaea. Bacteroidetes were found to encode a large number of these biosynthetic gene clusters, despite making up a relatively small portion of the genomes in this dataset. A number of these precursor peptides are similar to those of previously characterized lanthipeptides, but even more were not, including potential antibiotics. One such new antimicrobial lanthipeptide was purified and characterized. Additionally, examination of the biosynthetic gene clusters revealed that enzymes installing secondary post-translational modifications are more widespread than initially thought. Conclusion Lanthipeptide biosynthetic gene clusters are more widely distributed and the precursor peptides encoded within these clusters are more diverse than previously appreciated, demonstrating that the lanthipeptide sequence-function space remains largely underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, 346 Clark Hall, 300 Terrace St. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Sara M Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kenton J Hetrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sarah E Ackenhusen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Douglas A Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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An Engineered Double Lipid II Binding Motifs-Containing Lantibiotic Displays Potent and Selective Antimicrobial Activity against Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02050-19. [PMID: 32179527 PMCID: PMC7269505 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02050-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid II is an essential precursor for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and thereby an important target for various antibiotics. Several lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotics target lipid II with lanthionine-stabilized lipid II binding motifs. Here, we used the biosynthesis system of the lantibiotic nisin to synthesize a two-lipid II binding motifs-containing lantibiotic, termed TL19, which contains the N-terminal lipid II binding motif of nisin and the distinct C-terminal lipid II binding motif of one peptide of the two-component haloduracin (i. Lipid II is an essential precursor for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and thereby an important target for various antibiotics. Several lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotics target lipid II with lanthionine-stabilized lipid II binding motifs. Here, we used the biosynthesis system of the lantibiotic nisin to synthesize a two-lipid II binding motifs-containing lantibiotic, termed TL19, which contains the N-terminal lipid II binding motif of nisin and the distinct C-terminal lipid II binding motif of one peptide of the two-component haloduracin (i.e., HalA1). Further characterization demonstrated that (i) TL19 exerts 64-fold stronger antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecium than nisin(1-22), which has only one lipid II binding site, and (ii) both the N- and C-terminal domains are essential for the potent antimicrobial activity of TL19, as evidenced by mutagenesis of each single and the double domains. These results show the feasibility of a new approach to synthesize potent lantibiotics with two different lipid II binding motifs to treat specific antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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42
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Simons A, Alhanout K, Duval RE. Bacteriocins, Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Overview of Their Biology and Their Impact against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E639. [PMID: 32349409 PMCID: PMC7285073 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the emergence and ongoing dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria are critical health and economic issue, leading to increased rates of morbidity and mortality related to bacterial infections. Research and development for new antimicrobial agents is currently needed to overcome this problem. Among the different approaches studied, bacteriocins seem to be a promising possibility. These molecules are peptides naturally synthesized by ribosomes, produced by both Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), which will allow these bacteriocin producers to survive in highly competitive polymicrobial environment. Bacteriocins exhibit antimicrobial activity with variable spectrum depending on the peptide, which may target several bacteria. Already used in some areas such as agro-food, bacteriocins may be considered as interesting candidates for further development as antimicrobial agents used in health contexts, particularly considering the issue of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to present an updated global report on the biology of bacteriocins produced by GPB and GNB, as well as their antibacterial activity against relevant bacterial pathogens, and especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Simons
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Institut Micalis, équipe Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay—INRAE—AgroParisTech, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kamel Alhanout
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Raphaël E. Duval
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
- ABC Platform, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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43
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Wang X, Gu Q, Breukink E. Non-lipid II targeting lantibiotics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183244. [PMID: 32126235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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44
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Li Y, Rebuffat S. The manifold roles of microbial ribosomal peptide-based natural products in physiology and ecology. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:34-54. [PMID: 31784450 PMCID: PMC6952617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs), also called ribosomal peptide natural products (RPNPs), form a growing superfamily of natural products that are produced by many different organisms and particularly by bacteria. They are derived from precursor polypeptides whose modification by various dedicated enzymes helps to establish a vast array of chemical motifs. RiPPs have attracted much interest as a source of potential therapeutic agents, and in particular as alternatives to conventional antibiotics to address the bacterial resistance crisis. However, their ecological roles in nature are poorly understood and explored. The present review describes major RiPP actors in competition within microbial communities, the main ecological and physiological functions currently evidenced for RiPPs, and the microbial ecosystems that are the sites for these functions. We envision that the study of RiPPs may lead to discoveries of new biological functions and highlight that a better knowledge of how bacterial RiPPs mediate inter-/intraspecies and interkingdom interactions will hold promise for devising alternative strategies in antibiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (MCAM, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), CNRS, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (MCAM, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), CNRS, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier 75005, Paris, France.
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45
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Malin JJ, de Leeuw E. Therapeutic compounds targeting Lipid II for antibacterial purposes. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2613-2625. [PMID: 31692545 PMCID: PMC6711568 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s215070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance against commonly used antibiotics has emerged in all bacterial pathogens. In fact, there is no antibiotic currently in clinical use against which resistance has not been reported. In particular, rapidly increasing urbanization in developing nations are sites of major concern. Additionally, the widespread practice by physicians to prescribe antibiotics in cases of viral infections puts selective pressure on antibiotics that still remain effective and it will only be a matter of time before resistance develops on a large scale. The biosynthesis pathway of the bacterial cell wall is well studied and a validated target for the development of antibacterial agents. Cell wall biosynthesis involves two major processes; 1) the biosynthesis of cell wall teichoic acids and 2) the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. Key molecules in these pathways, including enzymes and precursor molecules are attractive targets for the development of novel antibacterial agents. In this review, we will focus on the major class of natural antibacterial compounds that target the peptidoglycan precursor molecule Lipid II; namely the glycopeptides, including the novel generation of lipoglycopeptides. We will discuss their mechanism-of-action and clinical applications. Further, we will briefly discuss additional peptides that target Lipid II such as the lantibiotic nisin and defensins. We will highlight recent developments and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob J Malin
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erik de Leeuw
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry of the University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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46
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Grein F, Schneider T, Sahl HG. Docking on Lipid II-A Widespread Mechanism for Potent Bactericidal Activities of Antibiotic Peptides. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3520-3530. [PMID: 31100388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural product antibiotics usually target the major biosynthetic pathways of bacterial cells and the search for new targets outside these pathways has proven very difficult. Cell wall biosynthesis maybe the most prominent antibiotic target, and ß-lactams are among the clinically most relevant antibiotics. Among cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors, glycopeptide antibiotics are a second group of important drugs, which bind to the peptidoglycan building block lipid II and prevent the incorporation of the monomeric unit into polymeric cell wall. However, lipid II acts as a docking molecule for many more naturally occurring antibiotics from diverse chemical classes and likely is the most targeted molecule in antibacterial mechanisms. We summarize current knowledge on lipid II binding antibiotics and explain, on the levels of mechanisms and resistance development, why lipid II is such a prominent target, and thus provide insights for the design of new antibiotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Grein
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tanja Schneider
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Sahl
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Aresti Sanz J, El Aidy S. Microbiota and gut neuropeptides: a dual action of antimicrobial activity and neuroimmune response. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1597-1609. [PMID: 30997526 PMCID: PMC6598950 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is comprised of a vast variety of microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract and exert crucial roles for the host health. These microorganisms, partially via their breakdown of dietary components, are able to modulate immune response, mood, and behavior, establishing a chemical dialogue in the microbiota-gut-brain interphase. Changes in the gut microbiota composition and functionality are associated with multiple diseases, in which altered levels of gut-associated neuropeptides are also detected. Gut neuropeptides are strong neuroimmune modulators; they mediate the communication between the gut microbiota and the host (including gut-brain axis) and have also recently been found to exert antimicrobial properties. This highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between gut neuropeptides and microbiota and their implications on host health. Here, we will discuss how gut neuropeptides help to maintain a balanced microbiota and we will point at the missing gaps that need to be further investigated in order to elucidate whether these molecules are related to neuropsychiatric disorders, which are often associated with gut dysbiosis and altered gut neuropeptide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Aresti Sanz
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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48
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Acedo JZ, Chiorean S, Vederas JC, van Belkum MJ. The expanding structural variety among bacteriocins from Gram-positive bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 42:805-828. [PMID: 30085042 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use various strategies to compete in an ecological niche, including the production of bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antibacterial peptides, and it has been postulated that the majority of Gram-positive bacteria produce one or more of these natural products. Bacteriocins can be used in food preservation and are also considered as potential alternatives to antibiotics. The majority of bacteriocins from Gram-positive bacteria had been traditionally divided into two major classes, namely lantibiotics, which are post-translationally modified bacteriocins, and unmodified bacteriocins. The last decade has seen an expanding number of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) in Gram-positive bacteria that have antibacterial activity. These include linear azol(in)e-containing peptides, thiopeptides, bottromycins, glycocins, lasso peptides and lipolanthines. In addition, the three-dimensional (3D) structures of a number of modified and unmodified bacteriocins have been elucidated in recent years. This review gives an overview on the structural variety of bacteriocins from Gram-positive bacteria. It will focus on the chemical and 3D structures of these peptides, and their interactions with receptors and membranes, structure-function relationships and possible modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeella Z Acedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sorina Chiorean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - John C Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marco J van Belkum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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49
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Vasilchenko AS, Valyshev AV. Pore-forming bacteriocins: structural–functional relationships. Arch Microbiol 2018; 201:147-154. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Sandiford SK. Current developments in lantibiotic discovery for treating Clostridium difficile infection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 14:71-79. [PMID: 30479173 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1549032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridium difficile is a major cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea linked to the misuse of antimicrobials and the corresponding deleterious impact they have on the protective microbiota of the gut. Resistance to agents used to treat C. difficile including metronizadole and vancomycin has been reported highlighting the need for novel agents. Lantibiotics represent a novel class of agents that many studies have highlighted as effective against C. difficile. Areas covered: In this review lantibiotics including nisin, actagardine, mersacidin, NAI-107 and MU-1140 that exhibit good activity against C.difficile, all of which are currently in the preclinical phase of investigation are discussed. The lantibiotic NVB302, which has completed phase I clinical trials for the treatment of C. difficile, is also described. Expert opinion: Lantibiotics represent promising candidates for the treatment of C. difficile infections due to their novel mode of action, which is thought to decrease the potential of resistance developing and the fact they often possess a less deleterious effect on the protective gut microbiota when compared to traditional agents. They are also extremely amenable to bioengineering approaches and the incorporation of synthetic biology to produce more potent variants.
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