1
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Chen S, Liang B, Xu J. Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations. J Transl Med 2024; 22:459. [PMID: 38750573 PMCID: PMC11094970 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads to variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges for clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as a promising approach to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discussed the reported markers of MSCs, encompassing those developed through candidate marker strategies and high-throughput approaches, with the aim of explore viable strategies for addressing the heterogeneity of MSCs and illuminate prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Liang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Fuqiang Avenue 1001, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Liu HY, Sun XJ, Xiu SY, Zhang XY, Wang ZQ, Gu YL, Yi CX, Liu JY, Dai YS, Yuan X, Liao HP, Liu ZM, Pang XC, Li TC. Frizzled receptors (FZDs) in Wnt signaling: potential therapeutic targets for human cancers. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01270-3. [PMID: 38632318 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Frizzled receptors (FZDs) are key contributors intrinsic to the Wnt signaling pathway, activation of FZDs triggering the Wnt signaling cascade is frequently observed in human tumors and intimately associated with an aggressive carcinoma phenotype. It has been shown that the abnormal expression of FZD receptors contributes to the manifestation of malignant characteristics in human tumors such as enhanced cell proliferation, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance as well as the acquisition of cancer stemness. Given the essential roles of FZD receptors in the Wnt signaling in human tumors, this review aims to consolidate the prevailing knowledge on the specific status of FZD receptors (FZD1-10) and elucidate their respective functions in tumor progression. Furthermore, we delineate the structural basis for binding of FZD and its co-receptors to Wnt, and provide a better theoretical foundation for subsequent studies on related mechanisms. Finally, we describe the existing biological classes of small molecule-based FZD inhibitors in detail in the hope that they can provide useful assistance for design and development of novel drug candidates targeted FZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si-Yu Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan-Lun Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chu-Xiao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu-Song Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hua-Peng Liao
- Yizhang County People's Hospital, Chenzhou, 424200, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiao-Cong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100034, China.
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3
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Li S, Chen X, Chen J, Wu B, Liu J, Guo Y, Li M, Pu X. Multi-omics integration analysis of GPCRs in pan-cancer to uncover inter-omics relationships and potential driver genes. Comput Biol Med 2023; 161:106988. [PMID: 37201441 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest drug target family. Unfortunately, applications of GPCRs in cancer therapy are scarce due to very limited knowledge regarding their correlations with cancers. Multi-omics data enables systematic investigations of GPCRs, yet their effective integration remains a challenge due to the complexity of the data. Here, we adopt two types of integration strategies, multi-staged and meta-dimensional approaches, to fully characterize somatic mutations, somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), DNA methylations, and mRNA expressions of GPCRs in 33 cancers. Results from the multi-staged integration reveal that GPCR mutations cannot well predict expression dysregulation. The correlations between expressions and SCNAs are primarily positive, while correlations of the methylations with expressions and SCNAs are bimodal with negative correlations predominating. Based on these correlations, 32 and 144 potential cancer-related GPCRs driven by aberrant SCNA and methylation are identified, respectively. In addition, the meta-dimensional integration analysis is carried out by using deep learning models, which predict more than one hundred GPCRs as potential oncogenes. When comparing results between the two integration strategies, 165 cancer-related GPCRs are common in both, suggesting that they should be prioritized in future studies. However, 172 GPCRs emerge in only one, indicating that the two integration strategies should be considered concurrently to complement the information missed by the other such that obtain a more comprehensive understanding. Finally, correlation analysis further reveals that GPCRs, in particular for the class A and adhesion receptors, are generally immune-related. In a whole, the work is for the first time to reveal the associations between different omics layers and highlight the necessity of combing the two strategies in identifying cancer-related GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jianfang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Binjian Wu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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4
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Le-Bel G, Desjardins P, Gross C, Cortez Ghio S, Couture C, Germain L, Guérin SL. Influence of the Postmortem/Storage Time of Human Corneas on the Properties of Cultured Limbal Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172716. [PMID: 36078126 PMCID: PMC9455001 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides being a powerful model to study the mechanisms of corneal wound healing, tissue-engineered human corneas (hTECs) are sparking interest as suitable substitutes for grafting purposes. To ensure the histological and physiological integrity of hTECs, the primary cultures generated from human cornea (identified as human limbal epithelial cells (hLECs) that are used to produce them must be of the highest possible quality. The goal of the present study consisted in evaluating the impact of the postmortem/storage time (PM/ST) on their properties in culture. hLECs were isolated from the entire cornea comprising the limbus and central cornea. When grown as monolayers, short PM/ST hLECs displayed increased daily doublings and generated more colonies per seeded cells than long PM/ST hLECs. Moreover, hLECs with a short PM/ST exhibited a markedly faster wound closure kinetic both in scratch wound assays and hTECs. Collectively, these results suggest that short PM/ST hLECs have a greater number of highly proliferative stem cells, exhibit a faster and more efficient wound healing response in vitro, and produce hTECs of a higher quality, making them the best candidates to produce biomaterial substitutes for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Le-Bel
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pascale Desjardins
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christelle Gross
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sergio Cortez Ghio
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Camille Couture
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-682-7565
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5
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Sompel K, Dwyer-Nield LD, Smith AJ, Elango AP, Vanderlinden LA, Kopf K, Keith RL, Tennis MA. Loss of Frizzled 9 in Lung Cells Alters Epithelial Phenotype and Promotes Premalignant Lesion Development. Front Oncol 2022; 12:815737. [PMID: 35924166 PMCID: PMC9343062 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.815737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane receptor Frizzled 9 (FZD9) is important for fetal neurologic and bone development through both canonical and non-canonical WNT/FZD signaling. In the adult lung, however, Fzd9 helps to maintain a normal epithelium by signaling through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The effect of FZD9 loss on normal lung epithelial cells and regulators of its expression in the lung are unknown. We knocked down FZD9 in human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines and found that downstream EMT targets and PPARγ activity are altered. We used a FZD9-/- mouse in the urethane lung adenocarcinoma model and found FZD9-/- adenomas had more proliferation, increased EMT signaling, decreased activation of PPARγ, increased expression of lung cancer associated genes, increased transformed growth, and increased potential for invasive behavior. We identified PPARγ as a transcriptional regulator of FZD9. We also demonstrated that extended cigarette smoke exposure in HBEC leads to decreased FZD9 expression, decreased activation of PPARγ, and increased transformed growth, and found that higher exposure to cigarette smoke in human lungs leads to decreased FZD9 expression. These results provide evidence for the role of FZD9 in lung epithelial maintenance and in smoking related malignant transformation. We identified the first transcriptional regulator of FZD9 in the lung and found FZD9 negative lesions are more dangerous. Loss of FZD9 creates a permissive environment for development of premalignant lung lesions, making it a potential target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Sompel
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lori D Dwyer-Nield
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alex J Smith
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alamelu P Elango
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren A Vanderlinden
- School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katrina Kopf
- Office of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Robert L Keith
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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6
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Characterizing the Genomic Profile in High-Grade Gliomas: From Tumor Core to Peritumoral Brain Zone, Passing through Glioma-Derived Tumorspheres. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111157. [PMID: 34827152 PMCID: PMC8615186 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an extremely heterogeneous disease. Treatment failure and tumor recurrence primarily reflect the presence in the tumor core (TC) of the glioma stem cells (GSCs), and secondly the contribution, still to be defined, of the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ). Using the array-CGH platform, we deepened the genomic knowledge about the different components of GBM and we identified new specific biomarkers useful for new therapies. We firstly investigated the genomic profile of 20 TCs of GBM; then, for 14 cases and 7 cases, respectively, we compared these genomic profiles with those of the related GSC cultures and PBZ biopsies. The analysis on 20 TCs confirmed the intertumoral heterogeneity and a high percentage of copy number alterations (CNAs) in GBM canonical pathways. Comparing the genomic profiles of 14 TC-GSC pairs, we evidenced a robust similarity among the two samples of each patient. The shared imbalanced genes are related to the development and progression of cancer and in metabolic pathways, as shown by bioinformatic analysis using DAVID. Finally, the comparison between 7 TC-PBZ pairs leads to the identification of PBZ-unique alterations that require further investigation.
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7
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Sharma M, Arora I, Chen M, Wu H, Crowley MR, Tollefsbol TO, Li Y. Therapeutic Effects of Dietary Soybean Genistein on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Regulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:3944. [PMID: 34836197 PMCID: PMC8623013 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of dietary natural components such as genistein (GE) found in soy-rich sources is strongly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. However, bioactive dietary component-based therapeutic strategies are largely understudied in breast cancer treatment. Our investigation sought to elucidate the potential mechanisms linking bioactive dietary GE to its breast cancer chemotherapeutic potential in a special subtype of aggressive breast cancer-triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-by utilizing two preclinical patient-derived xenograft (PDX) orthotopic mouse models: BCM-3204 and TM00091. Our study revealed that administration of GE resulted in a delay of tumor growth in both PDX models. With transcriptomics analyses in TNBC tumors isolated from BCM-3204 PDXs, we found that dietary soybean GE significantly influenced multiple tumor-regulated gene expressions. Further validation assessment of six candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-Cd74, Lpl, Ifi44, Fzd9, Sat1 and Wwc1-demonstrated a similar trend at gene transcriptional and protein levels as observed in RNA-sequencing results. Mechanistically, GE treatment-induced Cd74 downregulation regulated the NF-κB/Bcl-xL/TAp63 signal pathway, which may contribute to soybean GE-mediated therapeutic effects on TNBC tumors. Additionally, our findings revealed that GE can modify expression levels of key epigenetic-associated genes such as DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt3b), ten-eleven translocation (Tet3) methylcytosine dioxygenases and histone deacetyltransferase (Hdac2), and their enzymatic activities as well as genomic DNA methylation and histone methylation (H3K9) levels. Collectively, our investigation shows high significance for potential development of a novel therapeutic approach by using bioactive soybean GE for TNBC patients who have few treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Huixin Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Heath, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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8
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Sompel K, Elango A, Smith AJ, Tennis MA. Cancer chemoprevention through Frizzled receptors and EMT. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:32. [PMID: 34604862 PMCID: PMC8429367 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzled (FZD) transmembrane receptors are well known for their role in β-catenin signaling and development and now understanding of their role in the context of cancer is growing. FZDs are often associated with the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through β-catenin, but some also influence EMT through non-canonical pathways. With ten different FZDs, there is a wide range of activity from oncogenic to tumor suppressive depending on the tissue context. Alterations in FZD signaling can occur during development of premalignant lesions, supporting their potential as targets of chemoprevention agents. Agonizing or antagonizing FZD activity may affect EMT, which is a key process in lesion progression often targeted by chemoprevention agents. Recent studies identified a specific FZD as important for activity of an EMT inhibiting chemopreventive agent and other studies have highlighted the previously unrecognized potential for targeting small molecules to FZD receptors. This work demonstrates the value of investigating FZDs in chemoprevention and here we provide a review of FZDs in cancer EMT and their potential as chemoprevention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sompel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - A. Elango
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - A. J. Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - M. A. Tennis
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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9
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Zacarías-Fluck MF, Jauset T, Martínez-Martín S, Kaur J, Casacuberta-Serra S, Massó-Vallés D, Serrano Del Pozo E, Martín-Fernández G, González-Larreategui Í, López-Estévez S, Brown-Swigart L, Beaulieu ME, Whitfield JR, Madan B, Virshup DM, Evan GI, Soucek L. The Wnt signaling receptor Fzd9 is essential for Myc-driven tumorigenesis in pancreatic islets. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e201900490. [PMID: 33653688 PMCID: PMC8008953 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The huge cadre of genes regulated by Myc has obstructed the identification of critical effectors that are essential for Myc-driven tumorigenesis. Here, we describe how only the lack of the receptor Fzd9, previously identified as a Myc transcriptional target, impairs sustained tumor expansion and β-cell dedifferentiation in a mouse model of Myc-driven insulinoma, allows pancreatic islets to maintain their physiological structure and affects Myc-related global gene expression. Importantly, Wnt signaling inhibition in Fzd9-competent mice largely recapitulates the suppression of proliferation caused by Fzd9 deficiency upon Myc activation. Together, our results indicate that the Wnt signaling receptor Fzd9 is essential for Myc-induced tumorigenesis in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano F Zacarías-Fluck
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Jauset
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Peptomyc SL, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Martínez-Martín
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jastrinjan Kaur
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Massó-Vallés
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika Serrano Del Pozo
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Génesis Martín-Fernández
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Íñigo González-Larreategui
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lamorna Brown-Swigart
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marie-Eve Beaulieu
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Babita Madan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerard I Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Soucek
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Peptomyc SL, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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10
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de Bastos DR, Conceição MPF, Michelli APP, Leite JMRS, da Silva RA, Cintra RC, Sanchez JJD, Vilanova-Costa CAST, Silva AMTC. An In Silico Analysis Identified FZD9 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients. Eur J Breast Health 2020; 17:42-52. [PMID: 33796830 DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.2020.5804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer (BC) is the main cause of cancer-related deaths in women across the world. It can be classified into different subtypes, including triple-negative (TN), which is characterized by the absence of hormone receptors for estrogen and progesterone and the lack of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. These tumors have high heterogeneity, acquire therapeutic resistance, and have no established target-driven treatment yet. The identification of differentially expressed genes in TN breast tumors and the in silico validation of their prognostic role in these tumors. Materials and Methods We employed a microarray dataset and, by using the GEO2R tool, we identified a list of differentially expressed genes. The in silico validation was conducted using several online platforms including the KM Plotter, cBioPortal, bc-GenExMiner, Prognoscan, and Roc Plotter. Results We observed that FZD9 was among the top differentially expressed genes in a cohort of patients with different TNBC subtypes. The FZD9 expression was significantly different in TN breast tumors than in non-TN (nTN) breast tumors (p<0.0001), and the basal TN subtype showed the highest levels (p<0.0001). In addition, the FZD9 levels were significantly inversely and positively proportional (p<0.0001) to estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 clinical parameters. The high levels of FZD9 were associated with worse overall survival (p=0.007), relapse-free survival (p=5.8e-05), and worse survival in patients who received chemotherapy (p=3.2e-05; 0.007). Conclusion Our cumulative results demonstrated that FZD9 plays an important role in TNBC and may be a potential prognostic biomarker. Nevertheless, further in vitro and in vivo assays are necessary to confirm our findings and to strengthen the evidences about the mechanisms by which FZD9 functions in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Paula Picaro Michelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thyroid Molecular Science Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael André da Silva
- Department of Cellular & Developmental Biology, Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cesar Cintra
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Talaat IM, Yakout NM, Hamoudi R. M1 Polarization Markers Are Upregulated in Basal-Like Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype and Associated With Favorable Patient Outcome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:560074. [PMID: 33304345 PMCID: PMC7701279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.560074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer heterogeneity is an essential element that plays a role in the therapy response variability and the patient's outcome. This highlights the need for more precise subtyping methods that focus not only on tumor cells but also investigate the profile of stromal cells as well as immune cells. Objectives To mine publicly available transcriptomic breast cancer datasets and reanalyze their transcriptomic profiling using unsupervised clustering in order to identify novel subsets in molecular subtypes of breast cancer, then explore the stromal and immune cells profile in each subset using bioinformatics and systems immunology approaches. Materials and Methods Transcriptomic data from 1,084 breast cancer patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were extracted and subjected to unsupervised clustering using a recently described, multi-step algorithm called Iterative Clustering and Guide-gene Selection (ICGS). For each cluster, the stromal and immune profile was investigated using ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT analytical tool. Clinical outcomes and differentially expressed genes of the characterized clusters were identified and validated in silico and in vitro in a cohort of 80 breast cancer samples by immunohistochemistry. Results Seven unique sub-clusters showed distinct molecular and clinical profiles between the well-known breast cancer subtypes. Those unsupervised clusters identified more homogenous subgroups in each of the classical subtypes with a different prognostic profile. Immune profiling of the identified clusters showed that while the classically activated macrophages (M1) are correlated with the more aggressive basal-like breast cancer subtype, the alternatively activated macrophages (M2) showed a higher level of infiltration in luminal A and luminal B subtypes. Indeed, patients with higher levels of M1 expression showed less advanced disease and better patient outcomes presented as prolonged overall survival. Moreover, the M1 high basal-like breast cancer group showed a higher expression of interferon-gamma induced chemokines and guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) involved in immunity against microbes. Conclusion Adding immune profiling using transcriptomic data can add precision for diagnosis and prognosis and can cluster patients according to the available modalities of therapy in a more personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Yaseen Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nada M. Yakout
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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González P, González-Fernández C, Campos-Martín Y, Mollejo M, Carballosa-Gautam M, Marcillo A, Norenberg M, Rodríguez FJ. Frizzled 1 and Wnt1 as new potential therapeutic targets in the traumatically injured spinal cord. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4631-4662. [PMID: 31900623 PMCID: PMC11104978 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the experimental evidence pointing to a significant role of the Wnt family of proteins in physiological and pathological rodent spinal cord functioning, its potential relevance in the healthy and traumatically injured human spinal cord as well as its therapeutic potential in spinal cord injury (SCI) are still poorly understood. To get further insight into these interesting issues, we first demonstrated by quantitative Real-Time PCR and simple immunohistochemistry that detectable mRNA expression of most Wnt components, as well as protein expression of all known Wnt receptors, can be found in the healthy human spinal cord, supporting its potential involvement in human spinal cord physiology. Moreover, evaluation of Frizzled (Fz) 1 expression by double immunohistochemistry showed that its spatio-temporal and cellular expression pattern in the traumatically injured human spinal cord is equivalent to that observed in a clinically relevant model of rat SCI and suggests its potential involvement in SCI progression/outcome. Accordingly, we found that long-term lentiviral-mediated overexpression of the Fz1 ligand Wnt1 after rat SCI improves motor functional recovery, increases myelin preservation and neuronal survival, and reduces early astroglial reactivity and NG2+ cell accumulation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of Wnt1 in this neuropathological situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau González
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.
| | | | | | - Manuela Mollejo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Virgen de La Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Alexander Marcillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Michael Norenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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13
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Li L, Li H, Wang L, Wu S, Lv L, Tahir A, Xiao X, Wong CKC, Sun F, Ge R, Cheng CY. Role of cell polarity and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins in spermatogenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:71-87. [PMID: 32207344 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies on cell polarity proteins and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins date back to almost 40 years ago in Drosophila and C. elegans when these proteins were shown to be crucial to support apico-basal polarity and also directional alignment of polarity cells across the plane of an epithelium during morphogenesis. In adult mammals, cell polarity and PCP are most notable in cochlear hair cells. However, the role of these two groups of proteins to support spermatogenesis was not explored until a decade earlier when several proteins that confer cell polarity and PCP proteins were identified in the rat testis. Since then, there are several reports appearing in the literature to examine the role of both cell polarity and PCP in supporting spermatogenesis. Herein, we provide an overview regarding the role of cell polarity and PCP proteins in the testis, evaluating these findings in light of studies in other mammalian epithelial cells/tissues. Our goal is to provide a timely evaluation of these findings, and provide some thought provoking remarks to guide future studies based on an evolving concept in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Lixiu Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anam Tahir
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Population Council, New York, USA
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Sivasubramaniyan K, Koevoet WJLM, Hakimiyan AA, Sande M, Farrell E, Hoogduijn MJ, Verhaar JAN, Chubinskaya S, Bühring HJ, van Osch GJVM. Cell-surface markers identify tissue resident multipotential stem/stromal cell subsets in synovial intimal and sub-intimal compartments with distinct chondrogenic properties. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1831-1840. [PMID: 31536814 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovium contains multipotent progenitor/stromal cells (MPCs) with potential to participate in cartilage repair. Understanding the identity of these MPCs will allow their therapeutic potential to be fully exploited. Hence this study aimed to identify primary synovial MPCs and characterize them in the context of cartilage regeneration. METHODS Primary MPC/MPC-subset specific markers in synovium were identified by FACS analysis of uncultured cells. MPC-subsets from human synovium obtained from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were FACS sorted, cultured, immunophenotyped and chondrogenically differentiated. The anatomical localization of MPCs in synovium was examined using immunohistochemistry. Finally, the presence of these MPC subsets in healthy synovium obtained from human organ donors was examined. RESULTS A combination of CD45, CD31, CD73 and CD90 can isolate two distinct MPC-subsets in synovium. These MPC-subsets, freshly isolated from synovium, did not express CD45 or CD31, but expressed CD73. Additionally, a sub-population of CD73+ cells also expressed CD90. CD45-CD31-CD73+CD90- cells were significantly more chondrogenic than CD45-CD31-CD73+CD90+ cells in the presence of TGFβ1. Interestingly, reduced chondrogenic ability of CD73+CD90+ cells could be reversed by the addition of BMP2, showing discrete chondrogenic factor requirements by distinct cell-subsets. In addition, these MPCs had distinct anatomical localization; CD73 was expressed both in intimal and sub-intimal region while CD90 was enriched in the sub-intimal region. We further demonstrated that these subsets are also present in healthy synovium. CONCLUSIONS We provide indications that primary MPCs in synovial intima and sub-intima are phenotypically and functionally distinct with different chondrogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivasubramaniyan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W J L M Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A A Hakimiyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Sande
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A N Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H-J Bühring
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Frizzled Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Human Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051543. [PMID: 29789460 PMCID: PMC5983605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzled receptors (FZDs) are a family of seven-span transmembrane receptors with hallmarks of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that serve as receptors for secreted Wingless-type (WNT) ligands in the WNT signaling pathway. Functionally, FZDs play crucial roles in regulating cell polarity, embryonic development, cell proliferation, formation of neural synapses, and many other processes in developing and adult organisms. In this review, we will introduce the basic structural features and review the biological function and mechanism of FZDs in the progression of human cancers, followed by an analysis of clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of FZDs. We will focus on the development of antibody-based and small molecule inhibitor-based therapeutic strategies by targeting FZDs for human cancers.
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16
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Nishikawaji T, Akiyama Y, Shimada S, Kojima K, Kawano T, Eishi Y, Yuasa Y, Tanaka S. Oncogenic roles of the SETDB2 histone methyltransferase in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67251-67265. [PMID: 27572307 PMCID: PMC5341872 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SETDB2 is a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) tri-methyltransferase that is involved in transcriptional gene silencing. Since it is still unknown whether SETDB2 is linked to carcinogenesis, we studied alterations and functions of SETDB2 in human gastric cancers (GCs). SETDB2 protein was highly expressed in 30 of 72 (41.7%) primary GC tissues compared with their normal counterparts by immunohistochemistry. SETDB2 overexpression was significantly associated with the late stage of GCs (P<0.05) and poor prognosis of GC patients (P<0.05). The GC cell lines with SETDB2 knockdown and overexpression significantly decreased and increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively (P<0.05). Knockdown of SETDB2 in MKN74 and MKN45 cells reduced global H3K9 tri-methylation (me3) levels. Microarray analysis indicated that expression of WWOX and CADM1, tumor suppressor genes, was significantly enhanced in MKN74 cells after SETDB2 knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that the H3K9me3 levels at the promoter regions of these two genes corresponded to the SETDB2 expression levels in GC cells. Moreover, ectopic SETDB2 protein was recruited to their promoter regions. Our data suggest that SETDB2 is associated with transcriptional repression of WWOX and CADM1, and hence overexpression of SETDB2 may contribute to GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketo Nishikawaji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kojima
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kawano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Yuasa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Yang Q, Wang Y, Pan X, Ye J, Gan S, Qu F, Chen L, Chu C, Gao Y, Cui X. Frizzled 8 promotes the cell proliferation and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78989-79002. [PMID: 29108281 PMCID: PMC5668014 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown a rapid rise in the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and Wnt (Wingless-related integration site) signaling pathway is important in RCC. Frizzled 8 (FZD8) is a member of Frizzled (FZD) receptor family which could activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Nevertheless, the role of FZD8 in RCC is poorly investigated. The immunohistochemical analysis showed high expression of FZD8 in RCC tissues compared with peri-tumor tissues. FZD8 knockdown decreased the ability of proliferation and metastasis of RCC cells. Research revealed that the FZD8 regulated the transcription of Cyclin D1, c-Myc, and could promote the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by mediating Vimentin and Snail through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, the results of our experiment revealed that FZD8 is involved in the regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. These data suggested that the expression of FZD8 may play an important role in the proliferation and metastasis of RCC, and serve as a putative promising drug target for human RCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai 201805, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuwu Pan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai 201805, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Ye
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai 201805, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sishun Gan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai 201805, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fajun Qu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai 201805, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanmin Chu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai 201805, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingang Cui
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai 201805, People’s Republic of China
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Matias D, Predes D, Niemeyer Filho P, Lopes MC, Abreu JG, Lima FRS, Moura Neto V. Microglia-glioblastoma interactions: New role for Wnt signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:333-340. [PMID: 28554667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and fatal type of brain tumor, is capable of interacting with brain immune cells such as microglia, which contributes to the growth of these tumors. Various molecules, including growth factors and cytokines, have been identified as regulators of microglia-glioblastoma interaction. Recent studies suggest that the Wnt family of lipoglycoproteins plays an important role, not only in biological events during development, but also in cancer progression, and can be part of microglia recruitment to glioblastoma as well as of tumor growth and invasion. Here, we discuss recent interesting findings that support a role for Wnt signaling pathways in the microglia-glioblastoma crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matias
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - D Predes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - M C Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) and Faculty of Pharmacy at University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J G Abreu
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - F R S Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - V Moura Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, RJ, Brazil.
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Brooks MD, Jackson E, Warrington NM, Luo J, Forys JT, Taylor S, Mao DD, Leonard JR, Kim AH, Piwnica-Worms D, Mitra RD, Rubin JB. PDE7B is a novel, prognostically significant mediator of glioblastoma growth whose expression is regulated by endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107397. [PMID: 25203500 PMCID: PMC4159344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions between tumor cells and constituents of their microenvironment are critical determinants of tumor tissue biology and therapeutic responses. Interactions between glioblastoma (GBM) cells and endothelial cells (ECs) establish a purported cancer stem cell niche. We hypothesized that genes regulated by these interactions would be important, particularly as therapeutic targets. Using a computational approach, we deconvoluted expression data from a mixed physical co-culture of GBM cells and ECs and identified a previously undescribed upregulation of the cAMP specific phosphodiesterase PDE7B in GBM cells in response to direct contact with ECs. We further found that elevated PDE7B expression occurs in most GBM cases and has a negative effect on survival. PDE7B overexpression resulted in the expansion of a stem-like cell subpopulation in vitro and increased tumor growth and aggressiveness in an in vivo intracranial GBM model. Collectively these studies illustrate a novel approach for studying cell-cell interactions and identifying new therapeutic targets like PDE7B in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Erin Jackson
- BRIGHT Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicole M. Warrington
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Forys
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sara Taylor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Diane D. Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Leonard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Albert H. Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- BRIGHT Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robi D. Mitra
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joshua B. Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dietrich J, Diamond EL, Kesari S. Glioma stem cell signaling: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 10:709-22. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Spatio-temporal expression pattern of frizzled receptors after contusive spinal cord injury in adult rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50793. [PMID: 23251385 PMCID: PMC3519492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wnt proteins are a large family of molecules that are critically involved in multiple central nervous system (CNS) developmental processes. Experimental evidences suggest a role for this family of proteins in many CNS disorders, including spinal cord injury (SCI), which is a major neuropathology owing to its high prevalence and chronic sensorimotor functional sequelae. Interestingly, most Wnt proteins and their inhibitors are expressed in the uninjured spinal cord, and their temporal expression patterns are dramatically altered after injury. However, little is known regarding the expression of their better-known receptors, the Frizzled family, after SCI. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of Frizzled receptors in the damaged spinal cord. Findings Based on the evidence that Wnts are expressed in the spinal cord and are transcriptionally regulated by SCI in adulthood, we analysed the spatio-temporal mRNA and protein expression patterns of Frizzled receptors after contusive SCI using quantitative RT-PCR and single and double immunohistochemistry, respectively. Our results show that almost all of the 10 known Frizzled receptors were expressed in specific spatial patterns in the uninjured spinal cords. Moreover, the Frizzled mRNAs and proteins were expressed after SCI, although their expression patterns were altered during the temporal progression of SCI. Finally, analysis of cellular Frizzled 5 expression pattern by double immunohistochemistry showed that, in the uninjured spinal cord, this receptor was expressed in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia and NG2+ glial precursors. After injury, Frizzled 5 was not only still expressed in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and NG2+ glial precursors but also in axons at all evaluated time points. Moreover, Frizzled 5 was expressed in reactive microglia/macrophages from 3 to 14 days post-injury. Conclusions Our data suggest the involvement of Frizzled receptors in physiological spinal cord function and in the cellular and molecular events that characterise its neuropathology.
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Ueno K, Hirata H, Hinoda Y, Dahiya R. Frizzled homolog proteins, microRNAs and Wnt signaling in cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1731-40. [PMID: 22833265 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways play important roles in tumorigenesis and are initiated by binding of Wnt to various receptors including frizzleds (FZDs). FZDs are one of several families of receptors comprised of FZD/LRP/ROR2/RYK in the Wnt signaling pathway. Expression of some FZD receptors are up regulated, thereby activating the Wnt signaling pathway and is correlated with cancer malignancy and patient outcomes (recurrence and survival) in many cancers. The FZD family contains ten genes in humans and their function has not been completely examined including the regulatory mechanisms of FZD genes in cancer. Knockdown of FZDs may suppress the Wnt signaling pathway resulting in decreased cell growth, invasion, motility and metastasis of cancer cells. Recently a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified and reported to be important in several cancers. MiRNAs regulate target gene expression at both the transcription and translation levels. The study of miRNA is a newly emerging field and promises to be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of FZDs in cancer. In addition, miRNAs may be useful in regulating FZDs in cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss current knowledge of the functional mechanisms of FZDs in cancer, including regulation by miRNAs and the potential for possible use of miRNAs and FZDs in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ueno
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Pedersen DS, Fredericia PM, Pedersen MO, Stoltenberg M, Penkowa M, Danscher G, Rungby J, Larsen A. Metallic gold slows disease progression, reduces cell death and induces astrogliosis while simultaneously increasing stem cell responses in an EAE rat model of multiple sclerosis. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:787-802. [PMID: 22820857 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the Western world affecting younger, otherwise healthy individuals. Today no curative treatment exists. Patients suffer from recurring attacks caused by demyelination and underlying neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to loss of neurons. Recent research shows that bio-liberation of gold ions from metallic gold implants can ameliorate inflammation, reduce apoptosis and promote proliferation of neuronal stem cells (NSCs) in a mouse model of focal brain injury. Based on these findings, the present study investigates whether metallic gold implants affect the clinical signs of disease progression and the pathological findings in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS. Gold particles 20-45 μm suspended in hyaluronic acid were bilaterally injected into the lateral ventricles (LV) of young Lewis rats prior to EAE induction. Comparing gold-treated animals to untreated and vehicle-treated ones, a statistically significant slowing of disease progression in terms of reduced weight loss was seen. Despite massive inflammatory infiltration, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining revealed reduced apoptotic cell death in disease foci in the brain stem of gold-treated animals, alongside an up-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive reactive astrocytes near the LV and in the brain stem. Cell counting of frizzled-9 and nestin-stained cells showed statistically significant up-regulation of NSCs migrating from the subventricular zone. Additionally, the neuroprotective proteins Metallothionein-1 and -2 were up-regulated in the corpus callosum. In conclusion, this study is the first to show that the presence of small gold implants affect disease progression in a rat model of MS, increasing the neurogenic response and reducing the loss of cells in disease foci. Gold implants might thus improve clinical outcome for MS patients and further research into the long-term effects of such localized gold treatment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sonne Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Building 1240, 3rd Floor, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Han L, Pu P, Kang C. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in glioma. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2012; 7:740-9. [PMID: 22454041 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-012-9359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Extensive data have shown that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is associated with various disease pathologies, including an important role in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in glioma, with particular focus on the expression signatures of the main components in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, the role of key factors in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss the involvement of microRNAs in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in glioma. This review reveals new insights into the role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in gliomagenesis, and highlights new therapeutic approaches for glioma, based on the modulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
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Tung EKK, Wong BYC, Yau TO, Ng IOL. Upregulation of the Wnt co-receptor LRP6 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis and enhances cell invasion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36565. [PMID: 22570728 PMCID: PMC3343020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-6 (LRP6) is one of the co-receptors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and forms a signaling complex with Wnt ligand and Frizzled receptor to activate downstream signaling. However, the role of LRP6 in hepatocarcinogenesis is unclear. In this study, we examined its expression and roles in human HCC. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we found that LRP6 was frequently (45%) overexpressed in human HCCs (P = 0.003). In vitro studies showed that ectopic expression of LRP6 increased the protein level of β-catenin. Moreover, overexpression of the full-length and constitutively active LRP6, respectively, activated the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, as shown by the TCF/β-catenin reporter assay. With regard to the effects of LRP6 overexpression in HCC cells, stable overexpression of the constitutively active LRP6 in BEL-7402 HCC cells enhanced cell proliferation, cell migration, and invasion in vitro as well as tumorigenicity in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that overexpression of LRP6 contributes to the hyperactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human HCCs and suggest it may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Kwok-Kwan Tung
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Betty Yin-Chi Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tai-On Yau
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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Pulvirenti T, Van Der Heijden M, Droms LA, Huse JT, Tabar V, Hall A. Dishevelled 2 signaling promotes self-renewal and tumorigenicity in human gliomas. Cancer Res 2011; 71:7280-90. [PMID: 21990322 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common glioma variant in adults and is highly malignant. Tumors are thought to harbor a subpopulation of stem-like cancer cells, with the bulk resembling neural progenitor-like cells that are unable to fully differentiate. Although multiple pathways are known to be involved in glioma tumorigenesis, the role of Wnt signaling has been poorly described. Here, we show that Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2), a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway, is overexpressed in human gliomas. RNA interference-mediated depletion of Dvl2 blocked proliferation and promoted the differentiation of cultured human glioma cell lines and primary, patient-derived glioma cells. In addition, Dvl2 depletion inhibited tumor formation after intracranial injection of glioblastoma cells in immunodeficient mice. Inhibition of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling also blocked proliferation, but unlike Dvl2 depletion, did not induce differentiation. Finally, Wnt5a, a noncanonical Wnt ligand, was also required for glioma cell proliferation. The data therefore suggest that both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways downstream of Dvl2 cooperate to maintain the proliferative capacity of human glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Pulvirenti
- Cell Biology Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA.
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Schulte G. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXX. The class Frizzled receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 62:632-67. [PMID: 21079039 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor class Frizzled, which has recently been categorized as a separate group of G protein-coupled receptors by the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, consists of 10 Frizzleds (FZD(1-10)) and Smoothened (SMO). The FZDs are activated by secreted lipoglycoproteins of the Wingless/Int-1 (WNT) family, whereas SMO is indirectly activated by the Hedgehog (HH) family of proteins acting on the transmembrane protein Patched (PTCH). Recent years have seen major advances in our knowledge about these seven-transmembrane-spanning proteins, including: receptor function, molecular mechanisms of signal transduction, and the receptor's role in embryonic patterning, physiology, cancer, and other diseases. Despite intense efforts, many question marks and challenges remain in mapping receptor-ligand interaction, signaling routes, mechanisms of specificity and how these molecular details underlie disease and also the receptor's important role in physiology. This review therefore focuses on the molecular aspects of WNT/FZD and HH/SMO signaling discussing receptor structure, mechanisms of signal transduction, accessory proteins, receptor dynamics, and the possibility of targeting these signaling pathways pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Charles N, Holland EC. The perivascular niche microenvironment in brain tumor progression. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:3012-21. [PMID: 20714216 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.15.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most frequent and aggressive malignant brain tumor, has a very poor prognosis of approximately 1-year. The associated aggressive phenotype and therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma is postulated to be due to putative brain tumor stem-like cells (BTSC). The best hope for improved therapy lies in the ability to understand the molecular biology that controls BTSC behavior. The tumor vascular microenvironment of brain tumors has emerged as important regulators of BTSC behavior. Emerging data have identified the vascular microenvironment as home to a multitude of cell types engaged in various signaling that work collectively to foster a supportive environment for BTSCs. Characterization of the signaling pathways and intercellular communication between resident cell types in the microvascular niche of brain tumors is critical to the identification of potential BTSC-specific targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Charles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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The role of Pygopus 2 in rat glioma cell growth. Med Oncol 2010; 28:631-40. [PMID: 20361361 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is a common malignant tumor of the human neural system, and Wnt signaling activation is closely connected with glioma malignancy. Pygopus 2 (Pygo2) was recently discovered as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway regulating β-catenin/Tcf dependent transcription. However, the role of Pygo2 in glioma cells has not yet been defined. In the current study, we investigated the role of Pygo2 in rat glioma C6 cells for the first time. Our results showed that over-expression of Pygo2 promoted cell proliferation as well as enhanced cell cycle progression from G₁ to S phase associated with an increase in the expression of the Wnt target gene cyclin D1. In contrast, knockdown of Pygo2 suppressed cell proliferation with cell cycle block from G₁ to S phase and down-regulation of cyclin D1. In addition, the expression of Pygo2 and cyclin D1 in 67 glioma tissue samples was quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunochemistry. The data indicated that tumor grade was significantly associated with over-expression of Pygo2 and cyclin D1. We conclude that Pygo2 is highly expressed in and promotes the growth of glioma cells by an increase in the expression of cyclin D1 to improve G₁/S transition.
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Wang ZX, Chen YY, Li BA, Tan GW, Liu XY, Shen SH, Zhu HW, Wang HD. Decreased pygopus 2 expression suppresses glioblastoma U251 cell growth. J Neurooncol 2010; 100:31-41. [PMID: 20204459 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are common malignant tumors of the human neural system, and Wnt signaling activation is closely related to glioma malignancy. Human Pygopus 2 (Pygo2) was recently discovered to be a component of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is required for β-catenin/Tcf-dependent transcription. However, the role of Pygo2 in glioblastoma cell growth and survival remains uncertain. In the present study, Pygo2 expression was evaluated in 80 glioma tissue samples. Results demonstrated that tumor grade exhibited a positive correlation with overexpression of Pygo2. In addition, small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to specifically knockdown Pygo2 expression in human glioblastoma U251 cell lines. Results showed that inhibition of Pygo2 expression resulted in inhibited cell proliferation and invasiveness, as well as increased cell cycle arrest at the G(1) stage and decreased expression of the Wnt target gene cyclin D1. These results demonstrated that Pygo2 was highly expressed in glioma tissue and required for growth of glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Xiamen Affiliated to the Fujian Medical University, 361003, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
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Sareddy GR, Panigrahi M, Challa S, Mahadevan A, Babu PP. Activation of Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway in human astrocytomas. Neurochem Int 2009; 55:307-17. [PMID: 19576519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytomas are the most common form of primary brain tumors. Understanding the molecular basis of development and progression of astrocytomas is required to develop more effective therapies. Although, over activation of Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf pathway is a hallmark of several forms of cancer, little is known about its role in human astrocytomas. Here, we report the evidence that Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway is constitutively activated in astrocytic tumors. In the present study, human astrocytic tumors with different clinical grades were analyzed for mRNA expression of Dvl-1, Dvl-2, Dvl-3, beta-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 and protein levels of beta-catenin, Lef1, Tcf4, c-Myc, N-Myc, c-jun and cyclin D1. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the overexpression of Dvl-3, beta-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 in astrocytomas. Western blotting revealed upregulation of beta-catenin, Lef1, Tcf4 and their target proteins in the core tumor tissues in comparison to peritumor and normal brain tissues. The protein and mRNA levels were positively correlated with the histological malignancy. Cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, nuclear localization of Lef1, Tcf4, c-Myc, N-Myc, c-jun and cyclin D1 were demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. Our studies tend to suggest that Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway is implicated in malignancy of astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Sareddy GR, Challa S, Panigrahi M, Babu PP. Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway activation in malignant progression of rat gliomas induced by transplacental N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea exposure. Neurochem Res 2009; 34:1278-88. [PMID: 19148749 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway has been shown to be a crucial factor in the development of many cancers, little is known about its role in glioma malignancy. In the present study, we report the first evidence that Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway is constitutively activated in experimental gliomas induced by single transplacental dose of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). In the present study we analyzed ENU induced rat gliomas of different stages (P90, P135 and P180) for the expression of beta-catenin, Lef1, Tcf4 and their targets c-Myc, N-Myc and cyclin D1. Western blot analysis revealed upregulation of beta-catenin, Lef1, Tcf4, c-Myc, N-Myc and cyclin D1 in gliomas compared to controls and their levels were progressively increased from initial stage (P90) to progression stage (P180). In consistent with this, immunohistochemistry revealed the cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, and nuclear positivity was evident for Lef1, Tcf4, c-Myc, N-Myc and cyclin D1. Based on these results, we conclude that Wnt/beta-catenin pathway may play a major role in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression in ENU induced rat gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Progress on potential strategies to target brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2008; 29:141-55. [PMID: 18781384 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-008-9310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The identification of brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) leads to promising progress on brain tumor treatment. For some brain tumors, BTSCs are the driving force of tumor growth and the culprits that make tumor revive and resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, it is specifically significant to eliminate BTSCs for treatment of brain tumors. There are considerable similarities between BTSCs and normal neural stem cells (NSCs), and diverse aspects of BTSCs have been studied to find potential targets that can be manipulated to specifically eradicate BTSCs without damaging normal NSCs, including their surface makers, surrounding niche, and aberrant signaling pathways. Many strategies have been designed to kill BTSCs, and some of them have reached, or are approaching, effective therapeutic results. Here, we will focus on advantages in the issue of BTSCs and emphasize on potential therapeutic strategies targeting BTSCs.
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Lau YKI, Murray LB, Houshmandi SS, Xu Y, Gutmann DH, Yu Q. Merlin is a potent inhibitor of glioma growth. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5733-42. [PMID: 18632626 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is an inherited cancer syndrome in which affected individuals develop nervous system tumors, including schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas. The NF2 protein merlin (or schwannomin) is a member of the Band 4.1 superfamily of proteins, which serve as linkers between transmembrane proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. In addition to mutational inactivation of the NF2 gene in NF2-associated tumors, mutations and loss of merlin expression have also been reported in other types of cancers. In the present study, we show that merlin expression is dramatically reduced in human malignant gliomas and that reexpression of functional merlin dramatically inhibits both subcutaneous and intracranial growth of human glioma cells in mice. We further show that merlin reexpression inhibits glioma cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in vivo. Using microarray analysis, we identify altered expression of specific molecules that play key roles in cell proliferation, survival, and motility. These merlin-induced changes of gene expression were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and functional assays. These results indicate that reexpression of merlin correlates with activation of mammalian sterile 20-like 1/2-large tumor suppressor 2 signaling pathway and inhibition of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signals. Collectively, our results show that merlin is a potent inhibitor of high-grade human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ka Ingar Lau
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Guled M, Myllykangas S, Frierson HF, Mills SE, Knuutila S, Stelow EB. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of olfactory neuroblastoma. Mod Pathol 2008; 21:770-8. [PMID: 18408657 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2008.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory neuroblastoma is an unusual neuroectodermal malignancy, which is thought to arise at the olfactory membrane of the sinonasal tract. Due to its rarity, little is understood regarding its molecular and cytogenetic abnormalities. The aim of the current study is to identify specific DNA copy number changes in olfactory neuroblastoma. Thirteen dissected tissue samples were analyzed using array comparative genomic hybridization. Our results show that gene copy number profiles of olfactory neuroblastoma samples are complex. The most frequent changes included gains at 7q11.22-q21.11, 9p13.3, 13q, 20p/q, and Xp/q, and losses at 2q31.1, 2q33.3, 2q37.1, 6q16.3, 6q21.33, 6q22.1, 22q11.23, 22q12.1, and Xp/q. Gains were more frequent than losses, and high-stage tumors showed more alterations than low-stage olfactory neuroblastoma. Frequent changes in high-stage tumors were gains at 13q14.2-q14.3, 13q31.1, and 20q11.21-q11.23, and loss of Xp21.1 (in 66% of cases). Gains at 5q35, 13q, and 20q, and losses at 2q31.1, 2q33.3, and 6q16-q22, were present in 50% of cases. The identified regions of gene copy number change have been implicated in a variety of tumors, especially carcinomas. In addition, our results indicate that gains in 20q and 13q may be important in the progression of this cancer, and that these regions possibly harbor genes with functional relevance in olfactory neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Guled
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Tennis
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Battula VL, Treml S, Abele H, Bühring HJ. Prospective isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta using a frizzled-9-specific monoclonal antibody. Differentiation 2007; 76:326-36. [PMID: 17924962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that frizzled-9 (FZD9, CD349) is expressed on the cell surface of cultured mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from the human bone marrow (BM) and chorionic placenta (PL). To study whether FZD9 is also a marker for naive mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), we analyzed the expression pattern of FZD9 on freshly isolated PL cells and determined the clonogenic potential of isolated FZD9(+) cells using the colony-forming units-fibroblastic (CFU-F) assay. About 0.2% of isolated PL cells were positive for FZD9. Two-color analysis revealed that FZD9(+) PL cells uniformly express CD9, CD63, and CD90, but are heterogeneous for CD10, CD13, and CD26 expression. In contrast to BM-derived MSC, PL-derived MSC expressed only low levels of CD271. Colony assays of sorted cells showed that clonogenic CFU-F reside exclusively in the FZD9(+) but not in the FZD9(-) fraction. Further analysis revealed that CFU-F were enriched by 60-fold in the FZD9(+)CD10(+)CD26(+) fraction but were absent in the FZD9(+)CD10(-)CD26(-) population. Cultured FZD9(+) cells expressed the embryonic stem cell makers Oct-4 and nanog as well as SSEA-4 and TRA1-2-49/6E. In addition, they could be differentiated into functional adipocytes and osteoblasts. This report describes for the first time that FZD9 is a novel and specific marker for the prospective isolation of MSC from human term PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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