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Lee CY, Liao CW, Wang LC, Fan CK, Chuang TW, En-Te Hwu E, Chao D, Cheng PC. IgE antibody responses in cerebrospinal fluids relate to the brain pathologic injury of hosts with Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:1261-1272. [PMID: 37689501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection increases in the host. This study analyzed the IgG and IgE responses detected in different body fluids of A. cantonensis-infected mice. METHODS BALB/c (high susceptibility), CBA (medium), and C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 (resistance) strain mice were used in this study. The levels of IgM, IgG, and IgE in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from infected mice were compared. A. cantonensis-reactive antigens from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice CSF were also analyzed. RESULTS Antibodies against fifth-stage larvae (L5) antigens increased in mice CSF, particularly IgE, relate to worm rejection and the susceptibility of different mouse strains. The increased IgE level in BALB/c mice CSF is lower than that from others, suggesting IgE response in brain is more important than that in serum. Anti-L5 and anti-excretory/secretory (ES) antigen IgE and IgG responses in CSF were analyzed. In addition, the antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity induced by anti-excretory/secretory (ES) antigen antibodies may be the reason of severe brain inflammation in infected BALB/c mice. IgE and IgG antibodies against a 105 kDa protein of L5 antigen was detected at week 3 post-infection in C57BL/6 mice and week 5 post-infection in BALB/c mice. We suggest that 105 kDa protein is related with the antibody response of A. cantonensis-infected mice. CONCLUSION We found that IgE antibodies in mice CSF against L5 antigens related to worm rejection in mice brains. This study may help to identify specific angiostrongyliasis markers that can be applied for clinical diagnosis and treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Liao
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kwung Fan
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wu Chuang
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edwin En-Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Demark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Chao
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Cheng
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wun MK, Malik R, Yu J, Chow KE, Lau M, Podadera JM, Webster N, Lee R, Šlapeta J, Davies S. Magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with neuroangiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease). Parasitology 2021; 148:198-205. [PMID: 32951620 PMCID: PMC11010213 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the brain and spinal cord in humans with neuroangiostrongyliasis (NA) due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection has been well reported. Equivalent studies in animals are lacking. This case series describes clinical and MRI findings in 11 dogs with presumptively or definitively diagnosed NA. MRI of the brain and/or spinal cord was performed using high-field (1.5 T) or low-field (0.25 T) scanners using various combinations of transverse, sagittal, dorsal and three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted (T1W), transverse, sagittal and dorsal T2-weighted (T2W), T2W fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2*-weighted (T2*W) gradient echo (GRE), dorsal T2W short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and post-gadolinium transverse, sagittal, dorsal and 3D T1W and transverse T2W FLAIR sequences. In 4/6 cases where the brain was imaged, changes consistent with diffuse meningoencephalitis were observed. Evidence of meningeal involvement was evident even when not clinically apparent. The spinal cord was imaged in 9 dogs, with evidence of meningitis and myelitis detected in regions consistent with the observed neuroanatomical localization. Pathognomonic changes of neural larva migrans, as described in some human patients with NA, were not detected. NA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with MRI evidence of focal or diffuse meningitis, myelitis and/or encephalitis, especially in areas where A. cantonensis is endemic. If not precluded by imaging findings suggestive of brain herniation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection for cytology, fluid analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing should be considered mandatory in such cases after the MRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Wun
- Veterinary Specialist Services, 1-15 Lexington Rd, Underwood, QLD4119, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2006, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Jane Yu
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Kathleen E. Chow
- Sydney Veterinary Emergency & Specialists, 675 Botany Rd, Rosebery, NSW2018, Australia
| | - Michelle Lau
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Juan M. Podadera
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Natalie Webster
- IDEXX Telemedicine Consultants, 124/45 Gilby Rd, Mount Waverley, VIC 3149, Australia
| | - Rogan Lee
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Sarah Davies
- Veterinary Imaging Associates, 52-56 Atchison St, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Chen JX, Chen MX, Ai L, Xu XN, Jiao JM, Zhu TJ, Su HY, Zang W, Luo JJ, Guo YH, Lv S, Zhou XN. An Outbreak of Human Fascioliasis gigantica in Southwest China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71520. [PMID: 23951181 PMCID: PMC3738520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a common parasitic disease in livestock in China. However, human fascioliasis is rarely reported in the country. Here we describe an outbreak of human fascioliasis in Yunnan province. We reviewed the complete clinical records of 29 patients and performed an epidemiological investigation on the general human population and animals in the outbreak locality. Our findings support an outbreak due to Fasciola gigantica with a peak in late November, 2011. The most common symptoms were remittent fever, epigastric tenderness, and hepatalgia. Eosinophilia and tunnel-like lesions in ultrasound imaging in the liver were also commonly seen. Significant improvement of patients' condition was achieved by administration of triclabendazole®. Fasciola spp. were discovered in local cattle (28.6%) and goats (26.0%). Molecular evidence showed a coexistence of F. gigantica and F. hepatica. However, all eggs seen in humans were confirmed to be F. gigantica. Herb (Houttuynia cordata) was most likely the source of infections. Our findings indicate that human fascioliasis is a neglected disease in China. The distribution of triclabendazole®, the only efficacious drug against human fascioliasis, should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xu Chen
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mu-Xin Chen
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ai
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Nian Xu
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Jiao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Jun Zhu
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yong Su
- The People’s Hospital of Dali Prefecture, Dali, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zang
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jun Luo
- Dali Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Dali, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hai Guo
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Lv
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- The National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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A protein microarray for the rapid screening of patients suspected of infection with various food-borne helminthiases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1899. [PMID: 23209851 PMCID: PMC3510079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food-borne helminthiases (FBHs) have become increasingly important due to frequent occurrence and worldwide distribution. There is increasing demand for developing more sensitive, high-throughput techniques for the simultaneous detection of multiple parasitic diseases due to limitations in differential clinical diagnosis of FBHs with similar symptoms. These infections are difficult to diagnose correctly by conventional diagnostic approaches including serological approaches. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, antigens obtained from 5 parasite species, namely Cysticercus cellulosae, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Paragonimus westermani, Trichinella spiralis and Spirometra sp., were semi-purified after immunoblotting. Sera from 365 human cases of helminthiasis and 80 healthy individuals were assayed with semi-purified antigens by both a protein microarray and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensitivity, specificity and simplicity of each test for the end-user were evaluated. The specificity of the tests ranged from 97.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 95.3–98.7%) to 100.0% (95% CI: 100.0%) in the protein microarray and from 97.7% (95% CI: 96.2–99.2%) to 100.0% (95% CI: 100.0%) in ELISA. The sensitivity varied from 85.7% (95% CI: 75.1–96.3%) to 92.1% (95% CI: 83.5–100.0%) in the protein microarray, while the corresponding values for ELISA were 82.0% (95% CI: 71.4–92.6%) to 92.1% (95% CI: 83.5–100.0%). Furthermore, the Youden index spanned from 0.83 to 0.92 in the protein microarray and from 0.80 to 0.92 in ELISA. For each parasite, the Youden index from the protein microarray was often slightly higher than the one from ELISA even though the same antigen was used. Conclusions/Significance The protein microarray platform is a convenient, versatile, high-throughput method that can easily be adapted to massive FBH screening. Food-borne helminthiases (FBHs) have caused significant problems in public health and also posed socio-economic concerns. Common FBHs, such as cysticercosis, trichinellosis, paragonimiasis, sparganosis and angiostrongyliasis, have a worldwide distribution with high morbidity and even death. The objective of the present study was to develop and test a rapid assay suitable for large-scale screening for FBHs that would also allow differential diagnosis between the various parasite species. We tested archived, well-characterized serum specimens and prioritized tests for future evaluation in rapid and simultaneous screening of five different FBHs, i.e. cysticercosis, trichinellosis, paragonimiasis, sparganosis and angiostrongyliasis. This was done with a multiplex protein microarray assay equipped with semi-purified antigens capable of detecting disease-specific antibodies. Results showed that the protein microarray developed displayed a good specificity, ranging from 97.0% to 100.0%, and a sensitivity, ranging from 85.7% to 92.1%, with a Youden index variation from 0.83 to 0.92. It was concluded that the protein microarray provides a sensitive, high-throughput technique for the simultaneous detection of multiple FBHs overcoming the limitations of conventional diagnostics.
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Makepeace BL, Martin C, Turner JD, Specht S. Granulocytes in helminth infection -- who is calling the shots? Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:1567-86. [PMID: 22360486 PMCID: PMC3394172 DOI: 10.2174/092986712799828337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are parasitic organisms that can be broadly described as “worms” due to their elongated body plan, but which otherwise differ in shape, development, migratory routes and the predilection site of the adults and larvae. They are divided into three major groups: trematodes (flukes), which are leaf-shaped, hermaphroditic (except for blood flukes) flatworms with oral and ventral suckers; cestodes (tapeworms), which are segmented, hermaphroditic flatworms that inhabit the intestinal lumen; and nematodes (roundworms), which are dioecious, cylindrical parasites that inhabit intestinal and peripheral tissue sites. Helminths exhibit a sublime co-evolution with the host´s immune system that has enabled them to successfully colonize almost all multicellular species present in every geographical environment, including over two billion humans. In the face of this challenge, the host immune system has evolved to strike a delicate balance between attempts to neutralize the infectious assault versus limitation of damage to host tissues. Among the most important cell types during helminthic invasion are granulocytes: eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils. Depending on the specific context, these leukocytes may have pivotal roles in host protection, immunopathology, or facilitation of helminth establishment. This review provides an overview of the function of granulocytes in helminthic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Makepeace
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
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Chen MX, Wang K, Ai L, Yan WH, Peng L, Zhang RL. Development of a Double Antibody Sandwich Elisa Assay for the Diagnosis of Angiostrongyliasis. J Parasitol 2011; 97:721-4. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-2590.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Chen MX, Zhang RL, Chen JX, Chen SH, Li XH, Gao ST, Geng YJ, Huang DN, Ai L, Xu MJ, Zhu XQ. Monoclonal Antibodies Against Excretory/Secretory Antigens ofAngiostrongylus cantonensis. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2010; 29:447-52. [DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2010.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Xin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- Department of Parasitology, Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Li Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Heng Li
- Department of Parasitology, Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Tong Gao
- Department of Parasitology, Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jie Geng
- Department of Parasitology, Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Da-Na Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Shenzhen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Min-Jun Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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Yoshimura K, Sugaya H, Ishida K. The role of eosinophils in Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 10:231-3. [PMID: 15275458 DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(94)90124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in the Pacific Islands and Southeast Asia. Prominent eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patients has been used as one of the diagnostic criteria for the disease but the role(s) of the CSF eosinophils has remained to be elucidated. In this article, Kentaro Yoshimura, Hiroko Sugaya and Kazuto Ishido discuss the involvement of CSF eosinophils in the killing of intracranial worms and the damage of the central nervous system of the hosts, and consider why eosinophils in A. cantonensis infection play a more important role in nonpermissive hosts (including humans) than in the permissive rat host.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshimura
- Department of Parasitology, Akita University School of Medicine, Hondo, Akita 010, Japan
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