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Srisai P, Chaiyadet S, Jumnainsong A, Suttiprapa S, Leelayuwat C, Saichua P. T helper cell responses to Opisthorchis viverrini infection associate with host susceptibility. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:135. [PMID: 38363354 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini infection is endemic in the lower Mekong subregion. The liver is an organ that worms are drawn to and cause damage. However, the immune-related susceptibility in the liver is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated T helper (Th) cell responses in the liver of BALB/c mice and golden Syrian hamsters during 2-28 days post-infection (DPI). We found that Th cell responses were distinct between mice and hamsters in terms of dynamics and polarization. Mice exhibited the early induction of Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells responses after the presence of O. viverrini worms at 2 DPI. In hamsters, the late induction of Th1/Th17, downregulation of Th2/Treg responses and early elevation of suppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 were found together with swift reduction of Th cell numbers. Interestingly, expressions of IL-4 (Th2 functional cytokine) and Foxp3 (Treg lineage) were completely different between mice and hamsters which elevated in mice but suppressed in hamsters. These results suggest that early induction and well-regulation are related to host resistance. In contrast, late induction of Th cell response might allow immature worms to develop in the host. Our findings provide a greater understanding in Th cell response-related susceptibility in O. viverrini infection which would be targeting immunity for the development of immune-based intervention such as vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Srisai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Tangkawattana S, Suyapoh W, Taiki N, Tookampee P, Chitchak R, Thongrin T, Tangkawattana P. Unraveling the relationship among inflammatory responses, oxidative damage, and host susceptibility to Opisthorchis viverrini infection: A comparative analysis in animal models. Vet World 2023; 16:2303-2312. [PMID: 38152278 PMCID: PMC10750739 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2303-2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced inflammation contributes to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development in humans and animals. Inflammation generates free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which damage the host's DNA. However, only 5% of O. viverrini-infected individuals develop malignancy, suggesting that variations in the inflammatory response of individuals to the parasite may influence susceptibility. Due to limitations in studying human susceptibility, we used an animal model to investigate the profiles of inflammatory reactions, oxidative burst, and irreversible DNA damage. This study aimed to explore the potential role of inflammation and RNS in causing DNA damage that may predispose susceptible hosts and non-susceptible animal models to cancer development in O. viverrini infection. Materials and Methods This experimental study was conducted on 30 Syrian golden hamsters (OV-H) and 30 BALB/c mice (OV-M) infected with O. viverrini, representing susceptible and non-susceptible models, respectively. Five animals per group were examined at six predetermined time points during the experiment. Biliary tract samples were systematically investigated using histopathological evaluation for inflammatory cell infiltration and immunohistochemical staining for RNS production and markers of DNA damage, including nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. These features were quantified and compared among the experimental groups. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results The comparison revealed that the OV-M group exhibited significantly earlier and higher rates of inflammatory cell infiltration during the acute phase, whereas the OV-H group exhibited chronic and more severe inflammation (p < 0.020). Intracellular RNS production and DNA damage were closely associated with the inflammatory response. Conclusion This study demonstrates differential responses in susceptible and non-susceptible models of O. viverrini infection regarding disease onset and duration, as well as intracellular RNS production and DNA damage caused by inflammation. Persistent inflammation generated oxidatively damaged DNA, which is a distinct pathological characteristic of susceptible hosts and may be critical for CCA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharapol Suyapoh
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nathamon Taiki
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Paramin Tookampee
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Ravisara Chitchak
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Thongrin
- Master of Science Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Prasarn Tangkawattana
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Kovner A, Zaparina O, Kapushchak Y, Minkova G, Mordvinov V, Pakharukova M. Jagged-1/Notch Pathway and Key Transient Markers Involved in Biliary Fibrosis during Opisthorchis felineus Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:364. [PMID: 36355906 PMCID: PMC9697314 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic opisthorchiasis associated with Opisthorchis felineus infection is accompanied by severe fibrotic complications. It is of high practical significance to elucidate the mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis in chronic infection dynamics. The goal of the study is to investigate the temporal profile of key markers and the Jagged1/Notch signaling pathway in the implementation of fibrosis in a chronic O. felineus infection. For the first time, using histological methods and real-time PCR analysis, we demonstrated the activation of the Jagged1/Notch pathway in liver fibrogenesis, including the activation of the Hes1 and Hey1 target genes during experimental opisthorchiasis in Mesocricetus auratus. Cluster analysis followed by regression analysis of key markers during the infection showed that Jagged1 and Mmp9have the greatest contribution to the development of cholangiofibrosis and periductal fibrosis. Moreover, we detected a significant increase in the number of Jagged1-positive cells in the liver of chronic opisthorchiasis patients compared to that of the control group without infection. The results of the study are extremely informative both in terms of investigation both diverse fibrosis mechanisms as well as potential targets in complex antihelmintic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovner
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oxana Zaparina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Kapushchak
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Galina Minkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav Mordvinov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria Pakharukova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of FRC FTM, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
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Suyapoh W, Tirnitz-Parker JEE, Tangkawattana S, Suttiprapa S, Sripa B. Biliary Migration, Colonization, and Pathogenesis of O. viverrini Co-Infected with CagA+ Helicobacter pylori. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091089. [PMID: 34578122 PMCID: PMC8469007 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infection with the cagA strain of Helicobacter pylori exacerbates the pathology of human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection leading to cholangiocarcinoma. However, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We report a significant increase in cagA-positive and cagA-negative H. pylori in the stomach, blood, bile, and in the OV worms of co-infected Syrian golden hamsters at one hour, three hours, and one month, post-infection, compared to hamsters infected with either OV or H. pylori alone. Except in the worms, H. pylori numbers declined at three months post-infection, particularly in the bile fluid of co-infected animals. Both strains of H. pylori were immunohistochemically detected in the tegument of the worm, as well as in the bile duct epithelium when co-infected with O. viverrine, but not in H. pylori infection alone. Interestingly, only the cagA-positive strain was detected in the gut of the worm. Co-infection between cagA-positive H. pylori and O. viverrini resulted in a more severe biliary pathology and decreased E-cadherin expression in vivo and in vitro than those of the cagA-negative strain. These data suggest that O. viverrini acts as a carrier of cagA-positive H. pylori and co-migrates to the bile ducts, whereas O. viverrini facilitates H. pylori colonization and enhances the biliary pathogenesis and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapol Suyapoh
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Janina E. E. Tirnitz-Parker
- Liver Disease and Regeneration Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia;
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.S.)
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.T.); (S.S.)
- Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-62-6080860; Fax: +66-43-363319
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Jittimanee S, Wongratanacheewin S, Kaewraemruaen C, Jittimanee J. Opisthorchis viverrini antigens up-regulates the expression of CD80 and MHC class II in JAWSII mouse dendritic cells and promotes IL-10 and TGF-β secretions. Parasitol Int 2021; 84:102401. [PMID: 34082134 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APC) involved in the initiation of immune responses. Maturation of DCs is characterized by the high expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and co-stimulatory clusters of differentiation (CD) 40, CD80, and CD86 molecules. Matured DCs are required for T cell differentiation and proliferation. However, the response of DCs to Opisthorchis viverrini antigens has not yet been understood. Therefore, this study sought to determine the expression of surface molecules of JAWSII mouse DCs stimulated by crude somatic (CS) and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of O. viverrini. ES antigen significantly induced only mRNA expression of CD80 and MHC class II in JAWSII mouse DCs, while CS antigen promoted up-regulation of both mRNA and protein levels of CD80 and MHC class II, indicating relative maturation of JAWII mouse DCs. Moreover, the secreted cytokines from the co-cultures of O. viverrini antigens stimulated JAWSII DC with naïve CD4+ T cells was determined. Significantly increased levels of immunosuppressive cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were found. The up-regulation of these cytokines may indicate the response of regulatory T cells (Treg) to CS antigen-stimulated JAWSII DC. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the role that DCs play in O. viverrini infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphattra Jittimanee
- Division of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Chamraj Kaewraemruaen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campas, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
| | - Jutharat Jittimanee
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand.
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Suyapoh W, Tangkawattana S, Suttiprapa S, Punyapornwithaya V, Tangkawattana P, Sripa B. Synergistic effects of cagA+ Helicobacter pylori co-infected with Opisthorchis viverrini on hepatobiliary pathology in hamsters. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105740. [PMID: 33159904 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is associated with several biliary diseases including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Recently, it was discovered that the liver fluke is a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori, particularly the cagA-positive strain (cytotoxin-associated gene A) in its gut. Given that two carcinogenic pathogens are associated with CCA development, however, the role of cagA-positive H. pylori in opisthorchiasis has not been clarified. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate histopathological changes of the biliary system in hamsters co-infected with O. viverrini and cagA-positive H. pylori or O. viverrini and cagA-negative H. pylori, with controls of O. viverrini, cagA-positive H. pylori, or cagA-negative H. pylori alone, over time. Major histopathological changes were systematically investigated. All pathological features were quantified/semi-quantified and compared among the experimental groups. The results showed that O. viverrini infection groups (O. viverrini, cagA-positive H. pylori and cagA-negative H. pylori) showed a high degree of eosinophil and mononuclear cell infiltration, lymphoid aggregation and granuloma. Specifically, O. viverrini co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori presented significantly higher inflammatory scores than O. viverrini and O. viverrini with cagA-positive H. pylori. Proliferation and adaptive lesions such as hyperplasia, goblet cell metaplasia and dysplasia were detected only in O. viverrini infection groups. Dysplasia, the precancerous lesion of CCA, was observed in the first-order bile ducts, especially where the inflammation existed and was found earlier and more severely in O. viverrini with cagA-positive H. pylori than other groups. Similarly, the BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) proliferation index was significantly higher in O. viverrini co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori than O. viverrini and O. viverrini with cagA-negative H. pylori groups. Periductal fibrosis was a prominent histopathologic feature in chronic infection in O. viverrini infection groups. Multiple logistic regression showed that O. viverrini co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori and the duration of infection were the most important factors associated with periductal fibrosis (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.02-9.29, p = 0.04 and OR 3.82, 95% CI 2.61-5.97, p<0.001). This study demonstrates that the liver fluke co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori induces severe biliary pathology that may predispose to cholangiocarcinogenesis.
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Chaidee A, Onsurathum S, Intuyod K, Haonon O, Pannangpetch P, Pongchaiyakul C, Pinlaor P, Pairojkul C, Welbat JU, Ittiprasert W, Cochran CJ, Mann VH, Brindley PJ, Pinlaor S. Opisthorchis viverrini Infection Augments the Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat/High-Fructose Diet-Fed Hamsters. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:1161-1169. [PMID: 31482785 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide, including in regions where helminth infections such as the fish-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) also occur. We investigated the effects of a high-fat and high-fructose (HFF) diet on the development and progression of NAFLD in experimental opisthorchiasis. Two groups of hamsters were infected with Ov for 4 months before the experiment to induce chronic inflammation. One of these groups (OvHFF) was fed with a HFF diet for up to further 4 months. One uninfected group of hamsters served as the normal control group, and another received the HFF diet (HFF group) for up to 4 months. Histopathology, biochemical parameters, and ultrastructural features of liver were investigated. In a short-term treatment, the OvHFF group showed significantly better homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance level and lower liver lipid than did the HFF group. By contrast, histopathological characteristics of severe NAFLD were prominent in the OvHFF group after 4 months on the HFF diet, findings which were supported by confirmatory ultrastructural changes. In conclusion, opisthorchiasis induced the severe NAFLD in hamsters fed high-fat/high-fructose diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apisit Chaidee
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET) Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Onsurathum
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET) Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET) Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ornuma Haonon
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET) Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET) Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Christina J Cochran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Victoria H Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in The Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET) Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Salao K, Spofford EM, Price C, Mairiang E, Suttiprapa S, Wright HL, Sripa B, Edwards SW. Enhanced neutrophil functions during Opisthorchis viverrini infections and correlation with advanced periductal fibrosis. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:145-152. [PMID: 32006550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people are infected with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), but only ~25% of those infected develop liver disease and even fewer develop cholangiocarcinoma. The reasons for these differential outcomes following infection are unknown but it has been proposed that differential immune responses to the parasite may play a role. We therefore measured granulocyte (neutrophil) function in OV-infected individuals, with and without advanced periductal fibrosis, to determine if these cells have a "pro-inflammatory" phenotype that may contribute to liver disease post-infection. A case-controlled study (n = 54 in each cohort) from endemic OV-infected areas of northeastern Thailand measured neutrophil functions in whole blood from non-infected (healthy controls) and OV-infected individuals with and without APF. We measured reactive oxygen species production, phagocytosis, receptor expression and apoptosis. Secreted products from OV cultures (obtained after in vitro culture of parasites) stimulated reactive oxygen species production in non-infected healthy controls, but levels were two-fold greater after OV infection (P < 0.0001); neutrophil reactive oxygen species production in individuals with APF was double that observed in those without APF (P < 0.0001). OV-infected neutrophils had elevated CD11b expression and greater phagocytic capacity, which was even three-fold higher in those with advanced periductal fibrosis (P < 0.0001). This "activated" phenotype of circulating neutrophils was further confirmed by the observation that isolated neutrophils had delayed apoptosis ex vivo. We believe this is the first study to show that circulating blood neutrophil function is enhanced following OV infection and is more activated in those with advanced periductal fibrosis. We propose that this activated phenotype could contribute to the pathology of liver disease. These data support the hypothesis of an activated innate inflammatory phenotype following OV infection and provide the first evidence for involvement of neutrophils in disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Edward M Spofford
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Charlotte Price
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Helen L Wright
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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Mei XF, Shi W, Zhang YY, Zhu B, Wang YR, Hou LJ, Zhao WP, Li J, Wang DY, Luo HL, Huang WY. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation profiles reveal possible role of highly methylated TLR signaling on Fasciola gigantica excretory/secretory products (FgESPs) modulation of buffalo dendritic cells. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:358. [PMID: 31337442 PMCID: PMC6647289 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) released by parasites influence the development and functions of host dendritic cells (DCs). However, little is known about changes of DNA (hydroxy)methylation on DC development during Fasciola gigantica infection. The present study aimed to investigate whether F. gigantica ESPs (FgESPs) affects the development and functions of buffalo DCs through altering the DNA (hydroxy)methylation of DCs. METHODS Buffalo DCs were prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) and quantitative reverse transcriptional PCR (qRT-RCR). DCs were treated with 200 μg/ml of FgESPs in vitro, following DNA extraction. The DNA methylome and hydroxymethylome were profiled based on (hydroxy)methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing [(h)MeDIP-Seq] and bioinformatics analyses. qRT-RCR was also performed to assess the gene transcription levels of interest. RESULTS FgESPs markedly suppressed DC maturation evidenced by morphological changes and downregulated gene expression of CD1a and MHC II. Totals of 5432 and 360 genes with significant changes in the 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) levels, respectively, were identified in buffalo DCs in response to FgESPs challenge. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in pathways associated with immune response. Some cancer-related pathways were also indicated. There were 111 genes demonstrating changes in both 5-mC and 5-hmC levels, 12 of which were interconnected and enriched in 12 pathways. The transcription of hypermethylated genes TLR2, TLR4 and IL-12B were downregulated or in a decreasing trend, while the mRNA level of high-hydroxymethylated TNF gene was upregulated in buffalo DCs post-exposure to FgESPs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the present study provides for the first time a unique genome-wide profile of DNA (hydroxy)methylation for DCs that interact with FgESPs, and suggests a possible mechanism of FgESPs in suppressing DC maturation and functions that are involved in TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fang Mei
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rui Wang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Jing Hou
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ping Zhao
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ying Wang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Lin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Chaidee A, Onsurathum S, Intuyod K, Pannangpetch P, Pongchaiyakul C, Pinlaor P, Pairojkul C, Ittiprasert W, Cochran CJ, Mann VH, Brindley PJ, Pinlaor S. Co-occurrence of opisthorchiasis and diabetes exacerbates morbidity of the hepatobiliary tract disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006611. [PMID: 29953446 PMCID: PMC6040770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications arising from infection with the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini cause substantial morbidity and mortality in Thailand and adjacent lower Mekong countries. In parallel, the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in this same region, and indeed worldwide. Many residents in opisthorchiasis-endemic regions also exhibit DM, but the hepatobiliary disease arising during the co-occurrence of these two conditions remains to be characterized. Here, the histopathological profile during co-occurrence of opisthorchiasis and DM was investigated in a rodent model of human opisthorchiasis in which diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. The effects of excretory/secretory products from the liver fluke, O. viverrini (OVES) on hepatocyte and cholangiocyte responses during hyperglycemic conditions also were monitored. Both the liver fluke-infected hamsters (OV group) and hamsters with DM lost weight compared to control hamsters. Weight loss was even more marked in the hamsters with both opisthorchiasis and DM (OD group). Hypertrophy of hepatocytes, altered biliary canaliculi, and biliary hyperplasia were more prominent in the OD group, compared with OV and DM groups. Profound oxidative DNA damage, evidenced by 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and periductal fibrosis characterized the OD compared to OV and DM hamsters. Upregulation of expression of cytokines in response to infection and impairment of the pathway for insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling attended these changes. In vitro, OVES and glucose provoked time- and dose-dependent effects on the proliferation of both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In overview, the co-occurrence of opisthorchiasis and diabetes exacerbated pathophysiological damage to the hepatobiliary tract. We speculate that opisthorchiasis and diabetes together aggravate hepatobiliary pathogenesis through an IRS/PI3K/AKT-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apisit Chaidee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Onsurathum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Christina J. Cochran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Victoria H. Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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11
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Immune Response to Opisthorchis viverrini Infection and Its Role in Pathology. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 102:73-95. [PMID: 30442311 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is a major public health problem in Mekong countries such as Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar with over 10 million infected through consumption of fish containing infective metacercariae. With no tissue migration phase and living entirely within the larger secondary (intrahepatic) bile ducts, liver flukes are only exposed to a biliary mucosal immune response, while their excretory and secretory products also stimulate chronic inflammation of biliary epithelium. Neither mucosal nor tissue immune responses appear to cause parasite death or protect against newly established flukes, as evidenced by the persistence of infection for decades in the body and rapid reinfection following treatment. Experimental studies suggest that specific immune suppressive mechanisms may promote parasite persistence, therefore allowing continued secretion of parasite products that damage the biliary epithelium, both directly through mechanical damage and mitogenicity and through innate and adaptive inflammatory responses. Chronic infection is associated with several hepatobiliary diseases, specifically gallbladder and bile duct inflammation (cholecystitis and cholangitis), periductal fibrosis, and cholangiocarcinoma, the fatal bile duct cancer. Various studies have linked the chronic immune response to parasite antigens to both fibrosis and many steps in the carcinogenic process. Here, we review research-based understandings of the basic immune response to liver fluke infection and its roles in host protection and immunopathogenesis from available literature and also from recent studies conducted by the authors.
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12
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Edwards SW, Spofford EM, Price C, Wright HL, Salao K, Suttiprapa S, Sripa B. Opisthorchiasis-Induced Cholangiocarcinoma: How Innate Immunity May Cause Cancer. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 101:149-176. [PMID: 29907253 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Innate, inflammatory responses towards persistent Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection are likely to contribute to the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a liver cancer that is rare in the West but prevalent in Greater Mekong Subregion countries in Southeast Asia. Infection results in the infiltration of innate immune cells into the bile ducts and subsequent activation of inflammatory immune responses that fail to clear OV but instead may damage local tissues within the bile ducts. Not all patients infected with OV develop CCA, and so tumourigenesis may be dependent on multiple factors including the magnitude of the inflammatory response that is activated in infected individuals. The purpose of this review is to summarize how innate immune responses may promote tumourigenesis following OV infection and if such responses can be used to predict CCA onset in OV-infected individuals. It also hypothesizes on the role that Helicobacterspp., which are associated with liver fluke infections, may play in activation of the innate the immune system to promote tissue damage and persistent inflammation leading to CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edward M Spofford
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Price
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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13
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Avgustinovich DF, Orlovskaya IA, Toporkova LB, Vishnivetskaya GB, Katokhin AV, Lvova MN, Kashina EV, Bondar NP, Feofanova NA, Mordvinov VA. Experimental opisthorchiasis: Study of blood cell composition, hematopoiesis, and startle reflex in laboratory animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079059717010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Kaewraemruaen C, Sermswan RW, Wongratanacheewin S. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides with crude parasite antigens reduce worm recovery in Opisthorchis viverrini infected hamsters. Acta Trop 2016; 164:395-401. [PMID: 27737764 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini, a human liver fluke, is still an endemic parasitic infection in Thailand and nearly all countries in Southeast Asia. O. viverrini induces a chronic stage of infection in hamsters. During the first 2 weeks of infection, Th1 inducing cytokine, IL-12, increased but was down regulated in chronic infection. In this study it was found that unmethylated-CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotides) 1826 increased hamster mononuclear cell proliferation and stimulated IFN-γ production in vitro. The IFN-γ levels in hamster sera were significantly increased in hamsters injected with CpG ODN 1826 alone or plus crude somatic antigens (CSAg). Further investigation using the flow cytometer found that CD4+T cells and IFN-γ+ CD4+T cells (Th1-like cells) in the hamster blood were significantly increased. The role of these cells in the protective responses in hamsters was evaluated by challenging with 25 metacercaria and observation for 3 months. The number of worms recovered was significantly reduced in the hamsters injected with CpG ODN 1826 with CSAg, but not in CpG ODN 1826 alone groups when compared to PBS control. The percent of reduction in hamsters against this parasite were 32.95% and 21.49% in the CpG ODN 1826 with CSAg and CpG ODN 1826 alone. This study indicates that CpG ODN 1826 plus parasite antigens elicit a Th1-like response that leads to the enhancement of worm reduction.
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15
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Kaewraemruaen C, Sermswan RW, Wongratanacheewin S. Induction of regulatory T cells by Opisthorchis viverrini. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:688-697. [PMID: 27552546 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini causes public health problems in South-East Asia. Recently, TGF-β and IL-10 have been reported to increase in O. viverrini-infected hamsters but the sources of these cytokines are still unknown. In this study, the CD4+ T cells in infected hamsters were investigated. It was demonstrated that IL-4+ CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in hamster spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) during chronic infection. Interestingly, IL-10+ CD4+ T cells were also discovered at a significant level while Treg (T regulatory)-like TGF- β+ CD4+ T cells were in MLNs of infected hamsters. Moreover, the CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cell response was significantly found both in spleens and MLNs in infected hamsters. The findings were then confirmed by development of T-cell clones against crude somatic antigens (CSAg) in immunized BALB/c mice. Five clones named TCC21, TCC23, TCC35, TCC41 and TCC108 were established. The TCC21 was found to be the TGF-β+ CD4+ while TCC35, TCC41 and TCC108 were IL-4+ CD4+ and TCC23 was IFN-γ+ CD4+ . This TGF-β+ CD4+ T clone showed an inhibitory function in vitro in mononuclear cell proliferation via TGF-β-mediated mechanisms. This study indicated that O. viverrini-infected hamsters could induce TGF-β+ CD4+ Treg-like cells. The CSAg-specific Tregs secreted high TGF-β, and limited immune cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kaewraemruaen
- Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - R W Sermswan
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - S Wongratanacheewin
- Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. .,Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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16
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Avgustinovich DF, Marenina MK, Zhanaeva SY, Tenditnik MV, Katokhin AV, Pavlov KS, Sivkov AY, Vishnivetskaya GB, Lvova MN, Tolstikova TG, Mordvinov VA. Combined effects of social stress and liver fluke infection in a mouse model. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 53:262-272. [PMID: 26778779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of two influences, social stress and acute opisthorchiasis, were investigated in inbred C57BL/6J male mice. In the model of social stress, mice were repeatedly attacked and defeated by aggressive outbred ICR male mice and were in continuous sensory contact with an aggressive conspecific mouse in their home cage for 20 days. Acute opisthorchiasis was provoked by invasion of Opisthorchis felineus (50 larvae per animal) on the fourth day after the social stress was induced. Simultaneous action of both factors caused the hypertrophy of adrenal glands, as well as elevated the activity of cathepsins B and L in the spleen. This effect on the activity of the cysteine proteases in the hippocampus and hypothalamus following O. felineus invasion was the predominant result of simultaneous action with social stress. Acute opisthorchiasis, social stress, and their combination caused an increase in the level of blood IL-6 in approximately 30% of the animals. Social stress induced a more pronounced effect on mouse plus-maze behavior than O. felineus invasion. Our results suggest a more severe negative effect of the simultaneous influence of both factors on most of the parameters that were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damira F Avgustinovich
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Mariya K Marenina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ya Zhanaeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Tenditnik
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V Katokhin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Pavlov
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton Yu Sivkov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina B Vishnivetskaya
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria N Lvova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav A Mordvinov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Hongsrichan N, Intuyod K, Pinlaor P, Khoontawad J, Yongvanit P, Wongkham C, Roytrakul S, Pinlaor S. Cytokine/chemokine secretion and proteomic identification of upregulated annexin A1 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells cocultured with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Infect Immun 2014; 82:2135-47. [PMID: 24614660 PMCID: PMC3993434 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00901-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the cytokine/chemokine secretions and alteration of protein expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cocultured with adult liver flukes (Opisthorchis viverrini) for 6 to 24 h. PBMC-derived proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and the cytokines/chemokines in the supernatant were assessed using a cytokine array. Exposure to O. viverrini induced increases in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, costimulating protein, adhesion molecules, and chemotactic chemokines relative to untreated controls. In contrast, secretion of the CD40 ligand, interleukin 16, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β decreased. Proteomic analysis revealed that expression of 48 proteins was significantly altered in PBMCs stimulated with O. viverrini. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) was selected for further study, and immunoblotting showed upregulation of ANXA1 expression in PBMCs after 12 and 24 h coculture with liver flukes. In an in vivo study, transcription and translation of ANXA1 significantly increased in livers of hamsters infected with O. viverrini at 21 days and from 3 months onwards compared to normal controls. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry revealed that ANXA1 was present not only in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells but also in the cytoplasm of cholangiocytes, which are in close contact with the parasite and its excretory/secretory products in the biliary system. Expression of ANXA1 increased with time concomitant with bile duct enlargement, bile duct formation, and epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, several cytokines/chemokines secreted by PBMCs and upregulation of ANXA1 in PBMCs and biliary epithelial cells might have a role in host defense against O. viverrini infection and tissue resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttanan Hongsrichan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jarinya Khoontawad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Institute Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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18
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Chusorn P, Namwat N, Loilome W, Techasen A, Pairojkul C, Khuntikeo N, Dechakhamphu A, Talabnin C, Chan-On W, Ong CK, Teh BT, Yongvanit P. Overexpression of microRNA-21 regulating PDCD4 during tumorigenesis of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma contributes to tumor growth and metastasis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1579-88. [PMID: 23417858 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA, an endogenous noncoding RNA modulating gene expression, is a key molecule that by its dysregulation plays roles in inflammatory-driven carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of oncomiR miR-21 and its target, the programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in tumor growth and metastasis of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The expression levels of miR-21 and PDCD4 were analyzed using the TaqMan miRNA expression assay and immunohistochemistry in liver tissues of both O. viverrini plus N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)-treated hamsters and human CCA samples (n=23 cases). The functional assay for miR-21 was performed in CCA cell lines by the anti-miR-21 and pre-miR-21 transfection procedures. The peak of miR-21 levels were reached at 2 (hyperplastic lesions) and 6 (CCA) months of the O. viverrini plus NDMA-induced group and had a reverse response with its target PDCD4 proteins. In human CCA, miR-21 was overexpressed in tumor tissues when compared with nontumor tissues (P=0.0034) and had a negative correlation with PDCD4 protein (P=0.026). It was also found that high expression of miR-21 was significantly correlated with shorter survival (P<0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.037) of CCA patients. Transient transfection of pre-miR-21 reduced the PDCD4 level and resulted in an increase of M213 CCA cell growth and wound-induced migration ability. These results indicated that miR-21 plays a role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of O. viverrini-associated CCA by suppressing the function of PDCD4. Modulation of aberrantly expressed miR-21 may be a useful strategy to inhibit tumor cell phenotypes or improve response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chusorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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19
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Wi HJ, Jin Y, Choi MH, Hong ST, Bae YM. Predominance of IL-10 and TGF-β production from the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, in response to crude antigens from Clonorchis sinensis. Cytokine 2012; 59:237-44. [PMID: 22579699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic helminths are well-known to have the ability to modulate host immune responses. In this study, we investigated the fundamental immunoregulatory mechanism of the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) using a murine macrophage RAW 264.7 (RAW) cell line and mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). We found that C. sinensis crude antigen (CA) is able to differentiate macrophage RAW cells into dendritic-like cells that can be detected by morphological observations. In addition, CA induces prominent secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β; however, we did not observe changes in cell surface markers that are involved in antigen recognition, antigen presentation, and T cell activation. Additionally, CA treatment induced ERK and JNK phosphorylation, and unexpectedly, elevated levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were inhibited by the addition of an ERK-specific inhibitor. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CA from C. sinensis may modulate host immune responses by upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines via the regulation of ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Joo Wi
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Protective immunization of hamsters against Opisthorchis viverrini infection is associated with the reduction of TGF-β expression. Acta Trop 2012; 122:189-95. [PMID: 22266215 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini infection is a significant health problem in Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia. There is little known about the mechanisms of the immune response to O. viverrini in immunoprotection. However, it has been reported that this parasite can suppress both cell and antibody mediated immune responses. The TGF-β and IL-10 are immunosuppressive cytokines that play an important role in inhibition of host immune response leading to worm survival. In this study, we immunized hamsters to protect against O. viverrini infection and the IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ expression in spleen was investigated by real time PCR analysis. An O. viverrini-crude somatic antigen preparation (CSAg) administered with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or with alum was used to stimulate immune responses in O. viverrini-primed hamsters. The greatest percent protection (48.4%) was seen following immunization with CSAg plus alum. The mean number±SD of worms recovered in the PBS control, CFA alone, CSAg plus CFA, alum alone and CSAg plus alum was 17.4±2.3, 17.1±3.3, 14.5±3.8, 14.5±2.3 and 9±2.7, respectively. Significant protection correlated with the reduction of TGF-β and IL-10, but not IL-4, IFN-γ expressions. Since TGF-β expression is significantly increased in the spleens of hamsters with opisthorchiasis, stimulation of this cytokine by parasite antigens was confirmed by using CSAg and primary hamster spleen cells. Antigen fractions with molecular masses of 81-92, 64-72 and 19-21.4kDa were found to significantly induce TGF-β production. Our results suggested that TGF-β induction by O. viverrini may have an important role in parasite survival.
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Benamrouz S, Conseil V, Creusy C, Calderon E, Dei-Cas E, Certad G. Parasites and malignancies, a review, with emphasis on digestive cancer induced by Cryptosporidium parvum (Alveolata: Apicomplexa). Parasite 2012; 19:101-15. [PMID: 22348213 PMCID: PMC3671432 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012192101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) identifies ten infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites) able to induce cancer disease in humans. Among parasites, a carcinogenic role is currently recognized to the digenetic trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, leading to bladder cancer, and to Clonorchis sinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, which cause cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, several reports suspected the potential association of other parasitic infections (due to Protozoan or Metazoan parasites) with the development of neoplastic changes in the host tissues. The present work shortly reviewed available data on the involvement of parasites in neoplastic processes in humans or animals, and especially focused on the carcinogenic power of Cryptosporidium parvum infection. On the whole, infection seems to play a crucial role in the etiology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benamrouz
- Biologie & Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Émergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR8402, EA4547, Université Lille Nord-de-France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
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22
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Nair SS, Bommana A, Pakala SB, Ohshiro K, Lyon AJ, Suttiprapa S, Periago MV, Laha T, Hotez PJ, Bethony JM, Sripa B, Brindley PJ, Kumar R. Inflammatory response to liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini in mice depends on host master coregulator MTA1, a marker for parasite-induced cholangiocarcinoma in humans. Hepatology 2011; 54:1388-97. [PMID: 21725997 PMCID: PMC3184196 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Based on the recently established role for the master coregulator MTA1 and MTA1-containing nuclear remodeling complexes in oncogenesis and inflammation, we explored the links between parasitism by the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini and this coregulator using both an Mta1(-/-) mouse model of infection and a tissue microarray of liver fluke-induced human cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs). Intense foci of inflammation and periductal fibrosis in the liver and kidneys of wild-type Mta1(+/+) mice were evident at 23 days postinfection with O. viverrini. In contrast, little inflammatory response was observed in the same organs of infected Mta1(-/-) mice. Livers of infected Mta1(+/+) mice revealed strong up-regulation of fibrosis-associated markers such as cytokeratins 18 and 19 and annexin 2, as determined both by immunostaining and by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction compared with infected Mta1(-/-) mice. CD4 expression was up-regulated by infection in the livers of both experimental groups; however, its levels were several-fold higher in the Mta1(+/+) mice than in infected Mta1(-/-) mice. Mta1(-/-) infected mice also exhibited significantly higher systemic and hepatic levels of host cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-10, and interferon-γ compared with the levels of these cytokines in the Mta1(+/+) mice, suggesting an essential role of MTA1 in the cross-regulation of the Th1 and Th2 responses, presumably due to chromatin remodeling of the target chromatin genes. Immunohistochemical analysis of ≈ 300 liver tissue cores from confirmed cases of O. viverrini-induced CCA showed that MTA1 expression was elevated in >80% of the specimens. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MTA1 status plays an important role in conferring an optimal cytokine response in mice following infection with O. viverrini and is a major player in parasite-induced CCA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20037, USA
| | - Maria V Periago
- Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Molecular, Belo Horizonte-MG, CEP 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20037, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20037, USA
- Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Molecular, Belo Horizonte-MG, CEP 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20037, USA
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Sawangsoda P, Sithithaworn J, Tesana S, Pinlaor S, Boonmars T, Mairiang E, Yongvanit P, Duenngai K, Sithithaworn P. Diagnostic values of parasite-specific antibody detections in saliva and urine in comparison with serum in opisthorchiasis. Parasitol Int 2011; 61:196-202. [PMID: 21704727 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection by the liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) causes hepatobiliary disease and bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) in endemic areas in Southeast Asia. Measurements of humoral immune response particularly parasite-specific antibodies are useful not only for serodiagnosis but they have been implicated as risk factors of CCA. In this study, we used indirect Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to measure O. viverrini-specific immunoglobulins in serum, urine and saliva and assessed efficacies in diagnosis of opisthorchiasis and evaluated the relationship of antibodies among clinical specimens in a sample population in endemic areas in Khon Kaen, Thailand. By employing the Receiver Operation Characteristics (ROC) analysis, diagnostic efficacy based upon the area under the curve (AUC) revealed that serum, salivary IgG and IgA performed better than urine for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. Seropositive cases were found in both parasite egg-negative as well as O. viverrini egg-positive groups. The levels of serum IgG correlated with intensity of O. viverrini infection (P<0.05). Diagnostic sensitivities based on serum and salivary IgG, IgA also positively associated with the intensity of infection. Correlations between serum antibodies and those in saliva were found to be greater in egg-negative than egg-positive individuals for O. viverrini. Our findings indicated a complex interrelation between antibody responses in different clinical specimens triggered by liver fluke infection. More comprehensive examinations are needed to determine the potential utility of salivary antibody detection which, in combination with the conventional fecal examination method, may better assist in the identification of individuals with opisthorchiasis. Furthermore, it may provide a better indicator of the risk of disease, particularly CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajak Sawangsoda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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24
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Srikram A, Zhang K, Bartpho T, Lo M, Hoke DE, Sermswan RW, Adler B, Murray GL. Cross-protective immunity against leptospirosis elicited by a live, attenuated lipopolysaccharide mutant. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:870-9. [PMID: 21220775 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiq127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospira species cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease found worldwide. Current vaccines against leptospirosis provide protection only against closely related serovars. METHODS We evaluated an attenuated transposon mutant of Leptospira interrogans serovar Manilae (M1352, defective in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis) as a live vaccine against leptospirosis. Hamsters received a single dose of vaccine and were challenged with the homologous serovar (Manilae) and a serologically unrelated heterologous serovar (Pomona). Comparisons were made with killed vaccines. Potential cross-protective antigens against leptospirosis were investigated. RESULTS Live M1352 vaccine induced superior protection in hamsters against homologous challenge. The live vaccine also stimulated cross-protection against heterologous challenge, with 100% survival (live M1352) versus 40% survival (killed vaccine). Hamsters receiving either vaccine responded to the dominant membrane proteins LipL32 and LipL41. Hamsters receiving the live vaccine additionally recognized LA3961/OmpL36 (unknown function), Loa22 (OmpA family protein, recognized virulence factor), LA2372 (general secretory protein G), and LA1939 (hypothetical protein). Manilae LigA was recognized by M1352 vaccinates, whereas LipL36 was detected in Pomona. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a live, attenuated vaccine can stimulate cross-protective immunity to L. interrogans and has identified antigens that potentially confer cross-protection against leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amporn Srikram
- Faculty of Medicine, Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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25
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Espitia CM, Zhao W, Saldarriaga O, Osorio Y, Harrison LM, Cappello M, Travi BL, Melby PC. Duplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCR to determine cytokine mRNA expression in a hamster model of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. BMC Immunol 2010; 11:31. [PMID: 20569429 PMCID: PMC2909172 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, has distinct immunological features and is uniquely susceptible to intracellular pathogens. Studies in hamsters are limited by the relative unavailability of tools to conduct immunological studies. To address this limitation we developed duplex real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR assays for the relative quantification of the mRNAs of hamster cytokines, chemokines, and related immune response molecules. Results Real-time RT-PCR primers and probes were synthesized for analysis of interleukin (IL)-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12p40, TGF-β, IL-13, IL-21, chemokine ligand (CCL) 22, CCL17, Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4 and FoxP3 expression. Standard curves and validation experiments were performed for each real-time RT-PCR assay, allowing us to use the comparative Ct (2-ΔΔCt) method to calculate changes in gene expression. Application of the real-time RT PCR assays to a biological model was demonstrated by comparing mRNA expression in skin and lymph node tissues between uninfected and Leishmania panamensis infected hamsters. Conclusions The duplex real-time RT PCR assays provide a powerful approach for the quantification of cytokine transcription in hamsters, and their application to a model of cutaneous leishmaniasis suggests that a balanced type 1 and type 2 cytokine response contributes to the chronic, nonprogressive course of disease. These new molecular tools will further facilitate investigation into the mechanisms of disease in the hamster, not only for models of leishmaniasis, but also for other viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Espitia
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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26
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Techasen A, Loilome W, Namwat N, Takahashi E, Sugihara E, Puapairoj A, Miwa M, Saya H, Yongvanit P. Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate phosphorylation promotes cholangiocarcinoma cell migration and metastasis via the protein kinase C-dependent pathway. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:658-65. [PMID: 20047593 PMCID: PMC11158558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), a substrate of protein kinase C (PKC) has been suggested to be implicated in cell adhesion, secretion, and motility through the regulation of the actin cytoskeletal structure. The quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that MARCKS is significantly overexpressed in Opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (P = 0.001) in a hamster model, which correlated with the results of mRNA in situ hybridization. An immunohistochemical analysis of 60 CCA patients revealed a significant increase of MARCKS expression. Moreover, the log-rank analysis indicated that CCA patients with a high MARCKS expression have significantly shorter survival times than those with a low MARCKS expression (P = 0.02). This study investigated whether MARCKS overexpression is associated with CCA metastasis. Using a confocal microscopic analysis of CCA cell lines that had been stimulated with the PKC activator, 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), MARCKS was found to be translocated from the plasma membrane to the perinuclear area. In addition, phosphorylated MARCKS (pMARCKS) became highly concentrated in the perinuclear area. Moreover, an adhesion assay demonstrated that the exogenous overexpression of MARCKS remarkably promoted cell attachment. Interestingly, after TPA stimulation, the CCA cell line-depleted MARCKS showed a decrease in migration and invasion activity. It can be concluded that in non-stimulation, MARCKS promotes cell attachment to the extracellular matrix. After TPA stimulation, PKC phosphorylates MARCKS leading to cell migration or invasion. Taken together, the results of this study reveal a prominent role for MARCKS as one of the key players in the migration of CCA cells and suggest that cycling between MARCKS and pMARCKS can regulate the metastasis of biliary cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Techasen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Sripa B, Mairiang E, Thinkhamrop B, Laha T, Kaewkes S, Sithithaworn P, Tessana S, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Bethony JM. Advanced periductal fibrosis from infection with the carcinogenic human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini correlates with elevated levels of interleukin-6. Hepatology 2009; 50:1273-81. [PMID: 19676135 PMCID: PMC3682769 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED More than 750 million people are at risk of infection with foodborne liver flukes. Opisthorchis viverrini is considered among the most important of these parasites, due to its strong association with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). O. viverrini infection results in a chronic inflammatory challenge to the host, which can lead to advanced, pathogen-specific disease sequelae including obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis, as well as CCA. However, before disease sequelae are apparent, important inflammatory changes to the liver can be detected early during O. viverrini infection. In a case-control study involving 328 men and women with O. viverrini infection, we determined the presence of advanced periductal fibrosis in asymptomatic, O. viverrini-infected individuals and then measured cytokine responses to O. viverrini excretory/secretory products (ES). In the 200 participants with advanced periductal fibrosis (cases), levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to O. viverrini ES were 8 times higher than levels of the 128 O. viverrini-infected individuals without advanced periductal fibrosis (controls). Moreover, elevated IL-6 to parasite ES was associated with increased risk of advanced periductal fibrosis by 63% in a model adjusted for sex and age. The risk of advanced periductal fibrosis was also found to increase with higher levels of IL-6: individuals in the third quartile of IL-6-ES production had a 127% higher risk of developing advanced periductal fibrosis than individuals in the first quartile of IL-6 production. O. viverrini-infected individuals with advanced periductal fibrosis showed other hepatobiliary abnormalities, including reduced gallbladder contractility and the presence of gallbladder sludge. CONCLUSION These data strongly implicate a role for parasite-specific IL-6 in the pathogenesis of advanced periductal fibrosis in opisthorchiasis, with possible links to other hepatobiliary abnormalities, including CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Khon Kaen University School of Medicine, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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28
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Patel NC, Halvorson SJ, Sroller V, Arrington AS, Wong C, Smith EO, Vilchez RA, Butel JS. Viral regulatory region effects on vertical transmission of polyomavirus SV40 in hamsters. Virology 2009; 386:94-101. [PMID: 19181358 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral strain differences influence the oncogenic potential of polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40). We hypothesized that viral strain differences might also affect vertical transmission of SV40 in susceptible hosts. Pregnant Syrian golden hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(7) plaque-forming units of SV40 and offspring were sacrificed post-delivery (1-21 days, 6 months). Organ extracts were analyzed for SV40 DNA by polymerase chain reaction assay. Transmission of SV40 from mother to offspring was detected in over half of litters. Most placentas were virus-positive. Mothers inoculated with SV40 strains containing complex regulatory regions transmitted virus more frequently than those infected with simple enhancer viruses (p<0.001). Virus was detected more often in progeny brain than in spleen (p<0.05). Several progeny were virus-positive at 6 months of age, suggesting viral persistence. Maternal animals retained virus in several tissues through day 21 and developed T-antigen antibodies. These results indicate that SV40 replicates in hamsters, vertical transmission of SV40 can occur, and the viral regulatory region influences transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj C Patel
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM385, Houston, TX 77030-3411, USA.
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Time profiles of the expression of metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases, cytokines and collagens in hamsters infected with Opisthorchis viverrini with special reference to peribiliary fibrosis and liver injury. Int J Parasitol 2009; 39:825-35. [PMID: 19168069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is endemic in southeastern Asia, and causes cholangiocarcinoma and liver fibrosis. We investigated the time profile of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in relation to peribiliary fibrosis in O. viverrini-infected hamsters. Hepatic mRNA expression of MMPs, TIMPs, cytokines and collagens I and III was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Zymography and immunohistochemistry were also used to examine MMPs-2 and -9 expression. After infection, an increase of peribiliary fibrosis was time-dependent. Opisthorhis viverrini-induced gene expression in hamster liver, with increased mRNA expression levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and collagens I and III, was observed at 21 days p.i. Expression of MMPs-2, -13 and -14 and TIMPs-1 and -3 genes, was significantly higher at 1 month, and maximal levels of most MMPs (MMPs-2, -9, -13 and -14) were observed at 2 months p.i. The cytoplasmic levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were similar to mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MMP-9 was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells at the invasive front of the fibrous area. In contrast, the highest levels of mRNA expression of TIMPs-2 and -3, and TGF-beta were observed 10 months p.i. Concentration of TIMP-2 protein in the plasma correlated with its transcriptional level (r=0.320, P=0.040). Peribiliary fibrosis correlated positively with liver hydroxyproline content (r=0.846, P<0.001), plasma hydroxyproline concentration (r=0.770, P<0.001), plasma TIMP-2 level (r=0.335, P=0.046), and mRNA expression levels of MMP-7 (r=0.511, P=0.006), TIMP-1 (r=0.320, P=0.040), TIMP-2 (r=0.428, P=0.026), and TIMP-3 (r=0.553, P=0.003). This study suggests that expression of MMPs is associated with an inflammatory reaction in the early phase and TIMPs expression at the late phase may contribute to both fibrosis and liver injury. MMPs and TIMPs may serve as diagnostic markers for the severity of O. viverrini-induced liver injury.
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Suttiprapa S, Loukas A, Laha T, Wongkham S, Kaewkes S, Gaze S, Brindley PJ, Sripa B. Characterization of the antioxidant enzyme, thioredoxin peroxidase, from the carcinogenic human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2008; 160:116-22. [PMID: 18538872 PMCID: PMC3714232 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, induces inflammation of the hepatobiliary system. Despite being constantly exposed to inimical oxygen radicals released from inflammatory cells, the parasite survives for many years. The mechanisms by which it avoids oxidative damage are unknown. In this study, thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx), a member of the peroxiredoxin superfamily, was cloned from an O. viverrini cDNA library. O. viverrini TPx cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 212 amino acid residues, of molecular mass 23.57kDa. The putative amino acid sequence shared 60-70% identity with TPXs from other helminths and from mammals, and phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between TPxs from O. viverrini and other trematodes. Recombinant O. viverrini TPx was expressed as soluble protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein dimerized, and its antioxidant activity was deduced by observing protection of nicking of supercoiled plasmid DNA by hydroxyl radicals. Antiserum raised against O. viverrini TPx recognized native proteins from egg, metacercaria and adult developmental stages of the liver fluke and excretory-secretory products released by adult O. viverrini. Immunolocalization studies revealed ubiquitous expression of TPx in O. viverrini organs and tissues. TPx was also detected in bile fluid and bile duct epithelial cells surrounding the flukes 2 weeks after infection of hamsters with O. viverrini. In addition, TPx was observed in the secondary (small) bile ducts where flukes cannot reach due to their large size. These results suggested that O. viverrini TPx plays a significant role in protecting the parasite against damage induced by reactive oxygen species from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutas Suttiprapa
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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