1
|
Zhang F, Wang X, Zhu Y, Xia P. Conjoint analysis of clinical, imaging, and pathological features of schistosomiasis and colorectal cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611396. [PMID: 38099242 PMCID: PMC10719402 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine and compare clinical, radiological, and pathological data between colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with and without schistosomiasis and uncover distinctive CRC characteristics when accompanied by schistosomiasis. This retrospective study is based on data collected from 341 patients diagnosed with CRC post-surgery and pathology. Of these patients, 101 (Group A) were diagnosed with colorectal cancer co-occurring with schistosomiasis (CRC-S), while 240 patients (Group B) were diagnosed with colorectal cancer without concurrent schistosomiasis (CRC-NS). Both groups were compared and analyzed based on their clinical data, imaging-based TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion, vascular cancer thrombus, and histopathological differentiation. A Chi-squared test revealed a significant difference in gender distribution between the patients with CRC-S (Group A) and CRC-NS (Group B), with a p -value of 0.043 and χ2 = 4.115. Specifically, a higher incidence rate was observed among males in Group A. There was a difference in the overall distribution of TNM staging between the two groups (p = 0.034, χ2 = 6.764). After pairwise comparison, a statistically significant difference was observed in the T3 stage (p <0.05). The proportion of the T3 stage in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group B, indicating certain advantages. There was a difference in postoperative histopathological grading between the two groups (p = 0.005, χ2 = 10.626). After pairwise comparison, a statistically significant difference was observed between the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and the moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (p <0.05), with a higher proportion of welldifferentiated patients in Group A compared to Group B. There was no significant difference in age, lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion, and vascular invasion between the two groups of patients (p > 0.05). Among the 101 patients with CRC-S, 87 (86%) showed linear calcification on CT imaging. Patients with CRC-S are mainly male, with tumor staging mostly in the middle stage, high tumor differentiation, and low malignancy. CT imaging can help identify the presence of lumps and linear calcification indicative of schistosome deposits. MRI can early clarify TNM staging and determine the presence of lymph node metastasis and nerve and vascular invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - XiaoShuang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - YuanTing Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan W, Guo J, Li J, Su J, Zhang X, Liu J, Xu C, Hou Y. Presence of schistosome eggs in lymph node predict unfavorable prognosis in schistosomal colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:566-574. [PMID: 37200090 PMCID: PMC10538618 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of schistosome eggs' location in schistosomal colorectal cancer (SCRC). METHODS 172 cases of SCRC were retrospectively analyzed. Patient clinicopathological parameters and survival rates were analyzed. RESULTS There were 102 males and 70 females, the median age was 71 years (range, 44-91). All patients were followed, and the median time was 50.1 months (range, 1.0-79.7). There were 87 patients with PS1 (presence site 1, eggs deposited in the mucosa) and 85 patients with PS2 (presence site 2, eggs deposited in the muscularis propria or throughout the full thickness of the intestinal wall), 159 patients presented with eggs in cutting edge and 83 patients presented with eggs in lymph node (LN). Hepatic schistosomiasis was found in 27.3% of patients by imaging modalities and correlated to patients with PS2 ( P < 0.001) and LNs' eggs ( P < 0.001). Survival analyses showed that in stage III SCRC, eggs' presence in LN associated with worse DFS ( P = 0.004) or marginally worse OS ( P = 0.056), patients with PS2 had shorter OS ( P = 0.044). Multivariate analyses revealed hepatic schistosomiasis was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS in stage III SCRC ( P = 0.001, 0.002, respectively). In adjusted multivariate analysis, eggs' presence in LN was an independent prognostic factor for DFS in stage III SCRC ( P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS In stage III SCRC, eggs' presence in LN could predict poor prognosis and hepatic schistosomiasis was an independently unfavorable prognosis factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Pan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jieakesu Su
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Wang XY, Duan C, Wang ZJ, Sheng HY, Xu XL, Wang WJ, Yang JH. Clinicopathological characteristics and its association with digestive system tumors of 1111 patients with Schistosomiasis japonica. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15115. [PMID: 37704736 PMCID: PMC10500003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonicum can cause different degrees of organ damage and complex human immune pathological reactions, which often invade the intestine and liver. The purpose of this study was to explore the pathological types and pathological changes of Schistosomiasis and their correlation with some digestive system tumors. Hematoxylin eosin staining was performed on the diseased tissues of 1111 Schistosomiasis cases. We counted the deposition sites of Schistosoma eggs, analyzed the pathological characteristics, and compared the clinicopathological characteristics of Schistosomiasis associated digestive system tumors and non-Schistosomiasis digestive system tumors. We found that Schistosoma japonicum can cause multi organ and multi system damage, with 469 cases of inflammation, 47 cases of adenoma, and 519 cases of adenocarcinoma. Other types include cysts, stromal tumors, malignant lymphomas, and neuroendocrine tumors. Schistosomiasis associated tumors, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer and rectal cancer, were compared with non-Schistosomiasis tumors. There were significant differences in age, gender and tumor differentiation between the two groups. Our study shows Schistosomiasis is a systemic disease, causing multiple organ and system damage in the human body. Its clinicopathological types are diverse, and there may be a pathological change process of "Inflammation-adenoma-carcinoma". Schistosomiasis associated digestive system tumors differ from non-Schistosomiasis tumors in some clinicopathological features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Class1 Grade 2019, Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yu Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Liang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Chizhou, Chizhou, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fonti N, Parisi F, Mancianti F, Freer G, Poli A. Cancerogenic parasites in veterinary medicine: a narrative literature review. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:45. [PMID: 37496079 PMCID: PMC10373346 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasite infection is one of the many environmental factors that can significantly contribute to carcinogenesis and is already known to be associated with a variety of malignancies in both human and veterinary medicine. However, the actual number of cancerogenic parasites and their relationship to tumor development is far from being fully understood, especially in veterinary medicine. Thus, the aim of this review is to investigate parasite-related cancers in domestic and wild animals and their burden in veterinary oncology. Spontaneous neoplasia with ascertained or putative parasite etiology in domestic and wild animals will be reviewed, and the multifarious mechanisms of protozoan and metazoan cancer induction will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Fonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rennar GA, Gallinger TL, Mäder P, Lange-Grünweller K, Haeberlein S, Grünweller A, Grevelding CG, Schlitzer M. Disulfiram and dithiocarbamate analogues demonstrate promising antischistosomal effects. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114641. [PMID: 36027862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with more than 200 million new infections per year. It is caused by parasites of the genus Schistosoma and can lead to death if left untreated. Currently, only two drugs are available to combat schistosomiasis: praziquantel and, to a limited extent, oxamniquine. However, the intensive use of these two drugs leads to an increased probability of the emergence of resistance. Thus, the search for new active substances and their targeted development are mandatory. In this study the substance class of "dithiocarbamates" and their potential as antischistosomal agents is highlighted. These compounds are derived from the basic structure of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide, DSF) and its metabolites. Our compounds revealed promising activity (in vitro) against adults of Schistosoma mansoni, such as the reduction of egg production, pairing stability, vitality, and motility. Moreover, tegument damage as well as gut dilatations or even the death of the parasite were observed. We performed detailed structure-activity relationship studies on both sides of the dithiocarbamate core leading to a library of approximately 300 derivatives (116 derivatives shown here). Starting with 100 μm we improved antischistosomal activity down to 25 μm by substitution of the single bonded sulfur atom for example with different benzyl moieties and integration of the two residues on the nitrogen atom into a cyclic structure like piperazine. Its derivatization at the 4-nitrogen with a sulfonyl group or an acyl group led to the most active derivatives of this study which were active at 10 μm. In light of this SAR study, we identified 17 derivatives that significantly reduced motility and induced several other phenotypes at 25 μm, and importantly five of them have antischistosomal activity also at 10 μm. These derivatives were found to be non-cytotoxic in two human cell lines at 100 μm. Therefore, dithiocarbamates seem to be interesting new candidates for further antischistosomal drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg A Rennar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tom L Gallinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Mäder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lange-Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph G Grevelding
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yasen A, Ran B, Wang M, Lv G, Lin R, Shao Y, Aji T, Wen H. Roles of immune cells in the concurrence of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Parasitol 2022; 240:108321. [PMID: 35787385 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are pivotal players in the immune responses against both parasitic infection and malignancies. Substantial evidence demonstrated that there may exist possible relationship between echinococcus granulus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Thus, this study aimed to observe crucial roles of immune cells in the formation of subcutaneous lesions after transplanting HepG2 cell lines with or without E. granulosus s.l. protoscoleces (PSCs). HepG2 cell lines were subcutaneously injected into nude mice in the control group. In the co-transplantation group, HepG2 cells were subcutaneously co-injected with high dosage of E. granulosus s.l. PSCs. From the 25th day of transplantation, volume of subcutaneous lesions was measured every four days, which were removed at the 37th day for further studies. Basic pathological and functional changes were observed. Moreover, expression of Ki67, Bcl-2, Caspase3, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), T cell markers (CD3, CD4, CD8), PD1/PD-L1, nature killer (NK) cell markers (CD16, CD56) were further detected by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Subcutaneous lesions were gradually increased in volume and there occurred pathologically heterogeneous tumor cells, which were more significant in the co-transplantation group. Compared to the control group, expression of proliferation markers Ki67 and Bcl-2 was at higher levels in the co-transplantation group. Reversely, apoptotic marker Caspase3 was highly detected in the control group, suggesting promoting effects of E. granulosus s.l. PSCs on HCC development. Interestingly, subcutaneous lesions of the co-transplantation group were more functional in synthesizing and storing glycogen. Collagen and α-SMA+ cells were also at higher levels in the co-transplantation group than those in the control group. Most importantly, co-transplantation of HepG2 cells with E. granulosus s.l. PSCs led to significant increase in the expression of T cell markers, PD1/PD-L1 and NK cells markers. E. granulosus s.l. may have promoting effects on HCC development, which was closely associated with the immune responses of T cells and NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimaiti Yasen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bo Ran
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guodong Lv
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Echinococcosis Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yufen W, Xinru L, Jian X, Huolele, Zhihua J, Yu C, Mingyong L, Haobing Z. Metabolome alterations in Clonorchis sinensis after treatment with tribendimidine and praziquante in vivo. Acta Trop 2022; 230:106330. [PMID: 35090859 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tribendimidine (TBD) is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug that is also significantly effective in treating clonorchiasis. In this study, the altered metabolomes of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) in rats after TBD administration were quantified by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to explore the possible active sites of TBD against clonorchiasis through altered metabolites and metabolic pathway analysis, and the results are expected to provide a target for the future design of anti-Clonorchis sinensis drugs. The worm burden reduction rate and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that praziquantel (PZQ, positive control drug) and TBD had significant effects on C. sinensis in rats after treatment at a single dose of 200 mg/kg for 24 h. For the MS-based metabolomic analysis, a total of 173 standard metabolites (126 amino acids, 10 phospholipids and 37 fatty acids) were utilized as a reference metabolite database for metabolome identification. In total, 32 amino acids, 71 phospholipids and 27 fatty acids were detected in the C. sinensis of each group. Among these metabolites, 10 amino acids were significantly decreased in both drug-treated groups. Four lysophosphatidyl cholines (LPCs), six lysophosphatidyl ethanolamines (LPEs) and one phosphatidyl inositol (PI) were significantly increased after treatment with TBD. There were no significant changes in fatty acids among the control group and the two drug-treated groups. The results indicated that TBD administration caused a decrease in amino acids involved in the metabolic pathways of energy consumption and an increase in lysophospholipids, which are the hydrolysis products of phospholipase2 (PLA2) in the phospholipid metabolic pathways. The increased lysophospholipid content can destroy the cell membrane, increase membrane permeability, and even cause exposure to internal antigens that can be attacked by host antibodies. Perhaps the destroyed membrane, the exposed internal antigens and the consumed energy are the cause of the damage and death of C. sinensis after TBD administration. This is an interesting problem that can be examined in future research.
Collapse
|
8
|
Answer to April 2022 Photo Quiz. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0124721. [PMID: 35442073 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01247-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
9
|
pH-Dependent Structural Dynamics of Cathepsin D-Family Aspartic Peptidase of Clonorchis sinensis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091128. [PMID: 34578162 PMCID: PMC8466142 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CatD; EC 3.4.23.5) family peptidases of parasitic organisms are regarded as potential drug targets as they play critical roles in the physiology and pathobiology of parasites. Previously, we characterized the biochemical features of cathepsin D isozyme 2 (CatD2) in the carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis (CsCatD2). In this study, we performed all-atomic molecular dynamics simulations by applying different systems for the ligand-free/bound forms under neutral and acidic conditions to investigate the pH-dependent structural alterations and associated functional changes in CsCatD2. CsCatD2 showed several distinctive characteristics as follows: (1) acidic pH caused major conformational transitions from open to closed state in this enzyme; (2) during 30–36-ns simulations, acidic pH contributed significantly to the formation of rigid β-sheets around the catalytic residue Asp219, higher occupancy (0% to 99%) of hydrogen bond than that of Asp33, and enhanced stabilization of the CsCatD2-inhibtor complex; (3) neutral pH-induced displacement of the N-terminal part to hinder the accessibility of the active site and open allosteric site of this enzyme; and (4) the flap dynamics metrics, including distance (d1), TriCα angles (θ1 and θ2), and dihedral angle (ϕ), account for the asymmetrical twisting motion of the active site of this enzyme. These findings provide an in-depth understanding of the pH-dependent structural dynamics of free and bound forms of CsCatD2 and basic information for the rational design of an inhibitor as a drug targeting parasitic CatD.
Collapse
|
10
|
von Bülow V, Lichtenberger J, Grevelding CG, Falcone FH, Roeb E, Roderfeld M. Does Schistosoma Mansoni Facilitate Carcinogenesis? Cells 2021; 10:1982. [PMID: 34440754 PMCID: PMC8393187 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most prominent parasite-induced infectious diseases, causing tremendous medical and socioeconomic problems. Current studies have reported on the spread of endemic regions and the fear of development of resistance against praziquantel, the only effective drug available. Among the Schistosoma species, only S. haematobium is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen (definitely cancerogenic to humans), causing squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, whereas infection with S. mansoni is included in Group 3 of carcinogenic hazards to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), indicating insufficient evidence to determine its carcinogenicity. Nevertheless, although S. mansoni has not been discussed as an organic carcinogen, the multiplicity of case reports, together with recent data from animal models and cell culture experiments, suggests that this parasite can predispose patients to or promote hepatic and colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the current data, with a focus on new developments regarding the association of S. mansoni infection with human cancer and the recently discovered biomolecular mechanisms by which S. mansoni may predispose patients to cancer development and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena von Bülow
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Jakob Lichtenberger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Christoph G. Grevelding
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.G.G.); (F.H.F.)
| | - Franco H. Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.G.G.); (F.H.F.)
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pediatric onco-nephrology: time to spread the word : Part I: early kidney involvement in children with malignancy. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2227-2255. [PMID: 33245421 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Onco-nephrology has been a growing field within the adult nephrology scope of practice. Even though pediatric nephrologists have been increasingly involved in the care of children with different forms of malignancy, there has not been an emphasis on developing special expertise in this area. The fast pace of discovery in this field, including the development of new therapy protocols with their own kidney side effects and the introduction of the CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, has introduced new challenges for general pediatric nephrologists because of the unique effects of these treatments on the kidney. Moreover, with the improved outcomes in children receiving cancer therapy come an increased number of survivors at risk for chronic kidney disease related to both their cancer diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, it is time for pediatric onco-nephrology to take its spot on the expanding subspecialties map in pediatric nephrology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Aula OP, McManus DP, Jones MK, Gordon CA. Schistosomiasis with a Focus on Africa. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:109. [PMID: 34206495 PMCID: PMC8293433 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a common neglected tropical disease of impoverished people and livestock in many developing countries in tropical Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Latin America. Substantial progress has been made in controlling schistosomiasis in some African countries, but the disease still prevails in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa with an estimated 800 million people at risk of infection. Current control strategies rely primarily on treatment with praziquantel, as no vaccine is available; however, treatment alone does not prevent reinfection. There has been emphasis on the use of integrated approaches in the control and elimination of the disease in recent years with the development of health infrastructure and health education. However, there is a need to evaluate the present status of African schistosomiasis, primarily caused by Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, and the factors affecting the disease as the basis for developing more effective control and elimination strategies in the future. This review provides an historical perspective of schistosomiasis in Africa and discusses the current status of control efforts in those countries where the disease is endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyime Poise Aula
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia;
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia;
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia;
| | - Catherine A. Gordon
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
da Costa JMC, Gouveia MJ, Rinaldi G, Brindley PJ, Santos J, Santos LL. Control Strategies for Carcinogenic-Associated Helminthiases: An Integrated Overview. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:626672. [PMID: 33842386 PMCID: PMC8025785 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.626672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminthiases are extremely prevalent in the developing world. In addition, the chronic infection with some parasitic worms are classified as carcinogenic. Therefore, it is utmost importance to understand the parasite-host interactions, the mechanisms underlay carcinogenesis and how they could be counteracted. This knowledge may ultimately guide novel control strategies that include chemotherapy-based approaches targeting these pathogens and associated pathologies caused by their infections. Little is known on how some helminthiases are associated with cancer; however, it has been hypothesized that chemical carcinogenesis may be involved in the process. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on chemical carcinogenesis associated with helminthiases, along with available therapeutic options and potential therapeutic alternatives including chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. Ideally, the treatment of the carcinogenic helminthiases should target both the parasite and associated pathologies. The success of any chemotherapeutic regimen often depends on the host immune response during the infection and nutritional status among other factors. The close association between chemotherapy and cell-mediated immunity suggests that a dual therapeutic approach would be advantageous. In addition, there is a pressing need for complementary drugs that antagonize the carcinogenesis process associated with the helminth infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Correia da Costa
- Centre for the Study in Animal Science (CECA/ICETA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Parasite Immunology and Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Gouveia
- Centre for the Study in Animal Science (CECA/ICETA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Parasite Immunology and Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Centre for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Júlio Santos
- Deparment of Urology, Clínica da Sagrada Esperança, Luanda, Angola
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang B, Gems D. Gross ways to live long: Parasitic worms as an anti-inflammaging therapy? eLife 2021; 10:65180. [PMID: 33526169 PMCID: PMC7853715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary medicine argues that disease can arise because modern conditions do not match those in which we evolved. For example, a decline in exposure to commensal microbes and gastrointestinal helminths in developed countries has been linked to increased prevalence of allergic and autoimmune inflammatory disorders (the hygiene hypothesis). Accordingly, probiotic therapies that restore ‘old friend’ microbes and helminths have been explored as Darwinian treatments for these disorders. A further possibility is that loss of old friend commensals also increases the sterile, aging-associated inflammation known as inflammaging, which contributes to a range of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, and cancer. Interestingly, Crowe et al., 2020 recently reported that treatment with a secreted glycoprotein from a parasitic nematode can protect against murine aging by induction of anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Here, we explore the hypothesis that restorative helminth therapy would have anti-inflammaging effects. Could worm infections provide broad-spectrum protection against age-related disease?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Zhang
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hillyer JF. Parasites and Parasitology in this SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 World: An American Society of Parasitologists Presidential Address. J Parasitol 2021; 106:859-868. [PMID: 33450760 DOI: 10.1645/20-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the worst global health crises of this generation. The core of this pandemic is the rapid transmissibility of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, its high morbidity and mortality, and the presence of infectious asymptomatic carriers. As a result, COVID-19 has dominated this year's headlines and commanded significant research attention. As we consider SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential that scientists, governments, the media, and the general population also come to grips with the everyday cost of parasitic diseases. Plasmodium (malaria), schistosomes, filarial worms, hookworms, Ascaris, whipworms, and other protozoan and metazoan parasites take a tremendous toll on local communities. Yet, because most of these diseases are no longer endemic to developed countries, their research and intervention are not funded at levels that are proportional to their global morbidity and mortality. The scientific and public health communities must indeed vigorously fight SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, but while doing so and beyond, it will be essential to demonstrate steadfast resolve toward understanding and combating the parasitic diseases that for centuries have haunted humankind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Omarova KG, Aleshina NI, Ponezhevа ZB, Gorelov AV, Maleev VV, Akimkin VG. [Risks of oncologic pathology in parasitosis at the present time]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:82-85. [PMID: 33720610 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.11.000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of published literature data on the relationship of parasitic diseases and oncogenesis is carried out. Current knowledge about the association of parasitic infections and cancer formation has revealed several carcinogenic mechanisms, but the severity of the relationship between parasites and cancer formation (except for schistosome, opisthorchis and clonorchis) should be confirmed in future experimental and population studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - V V Maleev
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Colorectal Cancer Related to Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis Infection. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2020; 2020:8886460. [PMID: 32963848 PMCID: PMC7492975 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8886460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of individuals with Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) colitis are clinically asymptomatic. Symptomatic individuals may complain of nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, intermittent or persistent diarrhea, nausea, or loss of appetite. In addition, skin manifestations such as recurrent urticaria can occur. If infection is not diagnosed and left untreated, it can lead to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is well documented that chronic colitis such as inflammatory bowel disease can predispose individuals to colorectal cancer. Additionally, there is evidence of chronic parasitic infections inducing the development of cancers in other organs within the gastrointestinal tract. In this case vignette, we describe a case of chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a Peruvian woman presenting with colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
18
|
D'Souza K, Birnie BW, Garraway N. Large bowel obstruction secondary to schistosomiasis-related colonic stricture. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 74:209-213. [PMID: 32890899 PMCID: PMC7481515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis can manifest as non-obstructive polypoid lesions due to deposition of schistosomal eggs. Obstructive lesions, such as fibrotic strictures, secondary to the infectious sequelae of schistosomiasis are rare. Although schistosomiasis can be diagnosed on imaging and laboratory tests, there is no conclusive method of ruling out a malignancy. Praziquantel is a safe and effective treatment for schistosomiasis, and prevents future sequela of the parasitic infection. Surgical resection provides definitive treatment resulting in symptom resolution while ruling out a neoplastic etiology.
Introduction Intestinal involvement of schistosomiasis uncommonly involves the formation of non-obstructive polypoid lesions; however, obstructing fibrotic stenoses and strictures secondary to chronic infection are extremely rare with only nine reported cases in the literature. Presentation of case An 85-year-old Southeast Asian female originating from the Philippines presents with a one-day history of obstructive symptoms in the setting of chronic constipation over the past four months. Subsequent CT imaging and colonoscopy biopsy revealed a nodular cecal mural wall thickening with chronic inflammation and a single Schistosoma egg. Despite treatment with praziquantel, and medical optimization the patient did not improve. Additionally, a malignancy as the underlying cause of obstruction could not be ruled out as such, she had a right hemicolectomy. Final pathology confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal submucosal schistosomiasis causing fibrotic stenosis. Conclusion Obstructing lesions including fibrotic stenoses secondary to Schistosomiasis infection can be managed safely with medical co-morbidity optimization when possible, treatment with Praziquantel and surgical resection of the involved area of colon. Given the risk of malignancy and the inability to clinically distinguish between infectious and neoplastic processes, surgical management is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan D'Souza
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Blake W Birnie
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Naisan Garraway
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu C, Du X, Tang L, Wu J, Zhao W, Guo X, Liu D, Hu W, Helmby H, Chen G, Wang Z. Schistosoma japonicum SjE16.7 Protein Promotes Tumor Development via the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE). Front Immunol 2020; 11:1767. [PMID: 32973746 PMCID: PMC7472961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosome infection contributes to cancer development, but the mechanisms are still not well-understood. SjE16.7 is an EF-hand calcium-binding protein secreted from Schistosoma japonicum eggs. It is a neutrophil attractant and macrophage activator and, as such, plays an important role in the inflammatory granuloma response in schistosomiasis. Here, we show that SjE16.7 binds to host cells by interacting with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). This ligation leads to activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species, and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Using a mouse model of colorectal cancer, we demonstrate that intraperitoneal injection of SjE16.7 promotes colorectal cancer progression along with systemic myeloid cell accumulation. Thus, our results identify a new helminth antigen contributing to tumor development in the mammalian host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengyu Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Helena Helmby
- Department for Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Adema CM, Hillyer JF. Immunity in invertebrate disease vectors: Editorial introduction to the special issue. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103684. [PMID: 32194143 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Coen M Adema
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pan W, Wang W, Huang J, Lu K, Huang S, Jiang D, Bu D, Liu J, Jing H, Yao J, Hou Y. The prognostic role of c-MYC amplification in schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:446-455. [PMID: 32297641 PMCID: PMC7160914 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic role of c-MYC amplification in colorectal cancer, particularly in schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer. METHODS Three hundred and fifty four cases of colorectal cancer, which were from Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, were retrospectively analyzed in a tissue microarray (TMA) format, with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS c-MYC gene amplification was found in 14.1% (50 out of 354) of patients with colorectal cancer and was correlated with old age (P = 0.028), positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004) and advanced stage tumors (P = 0.002). The overexpression of c-MYC was closely associated with the amplification status (P = 0.023). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for overall survival (OS) showed a statistically significant difference for patients with c-MYC amplification in full cohort of colorectal cancer, stage III-IV set and patients with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002, 0.034, 0.012, respectively). Further analysis found c-MYC amplification associated with poorer survival in the subgroup of colorectal cancer with schistosomiasis (CRC-S, P < 0.001), but not in colorectal cancer without schistosomiasis (CRC-NS, P = 0.155). By multivariate analysis, c-MYC amplification was an independent poor-prognostic factor in CRC-S set (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Our study firstly found c-MYC amplification could predict poor prognosis in schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer, but not in colorectal cancer without schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Pan
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sinian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Bu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxia Yao
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schistosomiasis-from immunopathology to vaccines. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:355-371. [PMID: 32076812 PMCID: PMC7223304 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a neglected tropical disease caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma. The transmission cycle involves human (or other mammalian) water contact with surface water contaminated by faeces or urine, as well as specific freshwater snails acting as intermediate hosts. The main disease-causing species are S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum. According to the World Health Organisation, over 250 million people are infected worldwide, leading to considerable morbidity and the estimated loss of 1.9 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a likely underestimated figure. Schistosomiasis is characterised by focal epidemiology and an over-dispersed population distribution, with higher infection rates in children. Complex immune mechanisms lead to the slow acquisition of immune resistance, but innate factors also play a part. Acute schistosomiasis, a feverish syndrome, is most evident in travellers following a primary infection. Chronic schistosomiasis affects mainly individuals with long-standing infections residing in poor rural areas. Immunopathological reactions against schistosome eggs trapped in host tissues lead to inflammatory and obstructive disease in the urinary system (S. haematobium) or intestinal disease, hepatosplenic inflammation and liver fibrosis (S. mansoni and S. japonicum). An effective drug—praziquantel—is available for treatment but, despite intensive efforts, no schistosomiasis vaccines have yet been accepted for public use. In this review, we briefly introduce the schistosome parasites and the immunopathogenic manifestations resulting from schistosomiasis. We then explore aspects of the immunology and host-parasite interplay in schistosome infections paying special attention to the current status of schistosomiasis vaccine development highlighting the advancement of a new controlled human challenge infection model for testing schistosomiasis vaccines.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kang JM, Yoo WG, Lê HG, Thái TL, Hong SJ, Sohn WM, Na BK. Partial Characterization of Two Cathepsin D Family Aspartic Peptidases of Clonorchis sinensis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:671-680. [PMID: 31914521 PMCID: PMC6960241 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CatD, EC 3.4.23.5) is a member belonging to the subfamily of aspartic endopeptidases, which are classified into the MEROPS clan AA, family A1. Helminth parasites express a large set of different peptidases that play pivotal roles in parasite biology and pathophysiology. However, CatD is less well known than the other classes of peptidases in terms of biochemical properties and biological functions. In this study, we identified 2 novel CatDs (CsCatD1 and CsCatD2) of Clonorchis sinensis and partially characterized their properties. Both CsCatDs represent typical enzymes sharing amino acid residues and motifs that are tightly conserved in the CatD superfamily of proteins. Both CsCatDs showed similar patterns of expression in different developmental stages of C. sinensis, but CsCatD2 was also expressed in metacercariae. CsCatD2 was mainly expressed in the intestines and eggs of C. sinensis. Sera obtained from rats experimentally infected with C. sinensis reacted with recombinant CsCatD2 beginning 2 weeks after infection and the antibody titers were gradually increased by maturation of the parasite. Structural analysis of CsCatD2 revealed a bilobed enzyme structure consisting of 2 antiparallel β-sheet domains packed against each other forming a homodimeric structure. These results suggested a plausible biological role of CsCatD2 in the nutrition and reproduction of parasite and its potential utility as a serodiagnostic antigen in clonorchiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Won-Gi Yoo
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hương Giang Lê
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Thị Lam Thái
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pak JH, Lee JY, Jeon BY, Dai F, Yoo WG, Hong SJ. Cytokine Production in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells in Response to Clonorchis sinensis Excretory-Secretory Products and Their Putative Protein Components. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:379-387. [PMID: 31533404 PMCID: PMC6753296 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is a carcinogenic human liver fluke that promotes hepatic inflammatory environments via direct contact or through their excretory-secretory products (ESPs), subsequently leading to cholangitis, periductal fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study was conducted to examine the host inflammatory responses to C. sinensis ESPs and their putative protein components selected from C. sinensis expressed sequenced tag (EST) pool databases, including TGF-β receptor interacting protein 1(CsTRIP1), legumain (CsLeg), and growth factor binding protein 2 (CsGrb2). Treatment of CCA cells (HuCCT1) with the ESPs or bacterial recombinant C. sinensis proteins differentially promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2) in a time-dependent manner. In particular, recombinant C. sinensis protein treatment resulted in increase (at maximum) of ~7-fold in TGF-β1, ~30-fold in TGF-β2, and ~3-fold in TNF-α compared with the increase produced by ESPs, indicating that CsTrip1, CsLeg, and CsGrb2 function as strong inducers for secretion of these cytokines in host cells. These results suggest that C. sinensis ESPs contribute to the immunopathological response in host cells, leading to clonorchiasis-associated hepatobiliary abnormalities of greater severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhang Ho Pak
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06987, Korea
| | - Bo Young Jeon
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Fuhong Dai
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06987, Korea.,Department of Parasitology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Won Gi Yoo
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06987, Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06987, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bakare SO, Adebayo AS, Awobode HO, Onile OS, Agunloye AM, Isokpehi RD, Anumudu CI. Arsenicosis in bladder pathology and schistosomiasis in Eggua, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 112:230-237. [PMID: 29868729 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic schistosomiasis and arsenic exposure through drinking water are some of the risk factors for bladder cancer. To determine the association of schistosomiasis and arsenicosis with bladder pathologies, 122 individuals from Eggua in southwest Nigeria were recruited for this study. Methods Prevalence of schistosomiasis was determined by urine microscopy and PCR. Total urinary arsenic concentration and arsenic levels in three different water sources in the community were assessed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Bladder pathologies were investigated by ultrasonography. The data collected were evaluated with chi-square (χ2) and ANOVA tests to examine the relationships among demographic factors, infection, bladder pathologies and urinary arsenic concentrations. Results The prevalence and mean intensity of schistosomiasis were 21.3% and 20.7 eggs/10 mL urine, respectively. Arsenic concentration in two of the water sources, River Yewa (0.46 mg/L) and borehole (0.52 mg/L), were above the WHO standard (0.01 mg/L); and the mean concentration in urine samples, 1.17 mg/L, was also above the WHO standard (0.2 mg/L). There was no evidence of an association between bladder pathology and arsenicosis, or between schistosomiasis associated-bladder pathology and arsenicosis (p=0.66). Conclusions Arsenicosis is a public health concern in the study population. At the moment no clear roles are envisaged for it in the development of bladder pathologies or urinary schistosomiasis-associated bladder pathologies in Eggua.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raphael D Isokpehi
- College of Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Bethune Cookman University, Daytona Beach, Florida USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ujvari B, Klaassen M, Raven N, Russell T, Vittecoq M, Hamede R, Thomas F, Madsen T. Genetic diversity, inbreeding and cancer. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2589. [PMID: 29563261 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity is essential for adaptive capacities, providing organisms with the potential of successfully responding to intrinsic and extrinsic challenges. Although a clear reciprocal link between genetic diversity and resistance to parasites and pathogens has been established across taxa, the impact of loss of genetic diversity by inbreeding on the emergence and progression of non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, has been overlooked. Here we provide an overview of such associations and show that low genetic diversity and inbreeding associate with an increased risk of cancer in both humans and animals. Cancer being a multifaceted disease, loss of genetic diversity can directly (via accumulation of oncogenic homozygous mutations) and indirectly (via increased susceptibility to oncogenic pathogens) impact abnormal cell emergence and escape of immune surveillance. The observed link between reduced genetic diversity and cancer in wildlife may further imperil the long-term survival of numerous endangered species, highlighting the need to consider the impact of cancer in conservation biology. Finally, the somewhat incongruent data originating from human studies suggest that the association between genetic diversity and cancer development is multifactorial and may be tumour specific. Further studies are therefore crucial in order to elucidate the underpinnings of the interactions between genetic diversity, inbreeding and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Nynke Raven
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Tracey Russell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- Institut de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Madsen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Suwannahitatorn P, Webster J, Riley S, Mungthin M, Donnelly CA. Uncooked fish consumption among those at risk of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in central Thailand. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211540. [PMID: 30703149 PMCID: PMC6355008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to northern and northeastern Thailand, central Thailand was believed not to be endemic for Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Fieldwork conducted in a rural area of central Thailand revealed that the prevalence and incidence were relatively high compared with regional average data. We hypothesized that the behavioural-psycho-social background of the study population might play an important role in the high burden of the infection. As a result, a qualitative study was conducted to highlight potential social determinants of the infection dynamics to gain greater understanding of the risk behaviours and their contexts. A qualitative study using focus group discussion and in-depth interviews was conducted in Na-ngam Village, Chachoengsao Province from 2012-14. Framework analysis was used to explore associations between infection and thematic content. Social influence showed a strong impact on infection dynamics of OV infection. Our results revealed that Koi pla (chopped raw fish salad) remains a popular dish in the community, as the dish itself represents northeastern culture. The cultural norm had been transferred from ancestors to their descendants. Some elders complained that discontinuing the consumption of Koi pla went against old traditions with respect to cultural norms and socialization. In contrast, modern education teaches about hygiene including OV infection risks, and accordingly teenagers and young adults were reported to modify their lifestyles including their eating habits. Children are a potential key to pass knowledge to their parents and school-based education programs can serve as a practical hub for knowledge dissemination. However, health education alone might not lead to behavioural change in other age groups. Therefore, more efforts are needed to support the transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Webster
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases (CEEED), Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christl A. Donnelly
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Callejas BE, Martínez-Saucedo D, Terrazas LI. Parasites as negative regulators of cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180935. [PMID: 30266743 PMCID: PMC6200699 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several environmental factors (chemical, physical, and biological) can cause the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Regarding the biological factors, several studies have found that infections caused by some bacteria, viruses and protozoan, and helminth parasites are related to carcinogenesis. However, in recent years a different approach has been implemented on the antitumor impact of parasitic diseases caused by some protozoan and helminths, mainly because such infections may affect several hallmarks of cancer, but the involved mechanisms still remain unknown. The beneficial effects reported for some parasitic diseases on tumorigenesis range from the induction of apoptosis, activation of the immune response, avoiding metastasis and angiogenesis, inhibition of proliferative signals, to the regulation of inflammatory responses that promote cancer. In this work, we reviewed the available information regarding how parasitic infections may modulate cancer progression. Despite the fact that specific mechanisms of action on tumors are not yet totally clear, we consider that detailed studies of the antitumor action of these organisms and their products could lead to the discovery and use of new molecules from these biological agents that may work as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of various types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca E Callejas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, México
| | - Diana Martínez-Saucedo
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, México
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, México
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, México
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms (blood flukes) of the genus Schistosoma, with considerable morbidity in parts of the Middle East, South America, Southeast Asia and, particularly, in sub-Saharan Africa. Infective larvae grow in an intermediate host (fresh-water snails) before penetrating the skin of the definitive human host. Mature adult worms reside in the mesenteric (Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum) or pelvic (Schistosoma haematobium) veins, where female worms lay eggs, which are secreted in stool or urine. Eggs trapped in the surrounding tissues and organs, such as the liver and bladder, cause inflammatory immune responses (including granulomas) that result in intestinal, hepato-splenic or urogenital disease. Diagnosis requires the detection of eggs in excreta or worm antigens in the serum, and sensitive, rapid, point-of-care tests for populations living in endemic areas are needed. The anti-schistosomal drug praziquantel is safe and efficacious against adult worms of all the six Schistosoma spp. infecting humans; however, it does not prevent reinfection and the emergence of drug resistance is a concern. Schistosomiasis elimination will require a multifaceted approach, including: treatment; snail control; information, education and communication; improved water, sanitation and hygiene; accurate diagnostics; and surveillance-response systems that are readily tailored to social-ecological settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald P McManus
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - David W Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Moussa Sacko
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Research, Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birgitte J Vennervald
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scholte LLS, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Nahum LA. Helminths and Cancers From the Evolutionary Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:90. [PMID: 29713629 PMCID: PMC5911458 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths include free-living and parasitic Platyhelminthes and Nematoda which infect millions of people worldwide. Some Platyhelminthes species of blood flukes (Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma mansoni) and liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini) are known to be involved in human cancers. Other helminths are likely to be carcinogenic. Our main goals are to summarize the current knowledge of human cancers caused by Platyhelminthes, point out some helminth and human biomarkers identified so far, and highlight the potential contributions of phylogenetics and molecular evolution to cancer research. Human cancers caused by helminth infection include cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and urinary bladder cancer. Chronic inflammation is proposed as a common pathway for cancer initiation and development. Furthermore, different bacteria present in gastric, colorectal, and urogenital microbiomes might be responsible for enlarging inflammatory and fibrotic responses in cancers. Studies have suggested that different biomarkers are involved in helminth infection and human cancer development; although, the detailed mechanisms remain under debate. Different helminth proteins have been studied by different approaches. However, their evolutionary relationships remain unsolved. Here, we illustrate the strengths of homology identification and function prediction of uncharacterized proteins from genome sequencing projects based on an evolutionary framework. Together, these approaches may help identifying new biomarkers for disease diagnostics and intervention measures. This work has potential applications in the field of phylomedicine (evolutionary medicine) and may contribute to parasite and cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L. S. Scholte
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Coleções Biológicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Pascoal-Xavier
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laila A. Nahum
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculdade Promove de Tecnologia, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Research progress of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection. INFECTION INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ii-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA liver fluke is a digenetic trematode parasitizing in the hepatic ducts of human beings or animals. Patients with liver fluke infection suffer from a series of hepatobiliary diseases. The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is significantly high in areas with a high incidence of clonorchiasis. A liver fluke is an important biocarcinogenic factor in the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma. The secretory products of the body of this parasite and long-term mechanical stimulation induce continuous inflammation of the bile duct. Gene expression of the bile duct cells is imbalanced, leading to carcinogenesis of the bile duct. This article provides a summary of recent studies on the epidemiology, clinicopathology, and molecular biology of cholangiocarcinoma induced by liver fluke infection.
Collapse
|
32
|
Pierce ES. Could Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis cause Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis…and colorectal cancer? Infect Agent Cancer 2018; 13:1. [PMID: 29308085 PMCID: PMC5753485 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents are known causes of human cancers. Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni cause a percentage of colorectal cancers in countries where the respective Schistosoma species are prevalent. Colorectal cancer is a complication of ulcerative colitis and colonic Crohn’s disease, the two main forms of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IIBD). Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the cause of a chronic intestinal disease in domestic and wild ruminants, is one suspected cause of IIBD. MAP may therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of IIBD-associated colorectal cancer as well as colorectal cancer in individuals without IIBD (sporadic colorectal cancer) in countries where MAP infection of domestic livestock is prevalent and MAP’s presence in soil and water is extensive. MAP organisms have been identified in the intestines of patients with sporadic colorectal cancer and IIBD when high magnification, oil immersion light microscopy (×1000 total magnification rather than the usual ×400 total magnification) is used. Research has demonstrated MAP’s ability to invade intestinal goblet cells and cause acute and chronic goblet cell hyperplasia. Goblet cell hyperplasia is the little-recognized initial pathologic lesion of sporadic colorectal cancer, referred to as transitional mucosa, aberrant crypt foci, goblet cell hyperplastic polyps or transitional polyps. It is the even lesser-recognized initial pathologic feature of IIBD, referred to as hypermucinous mucosa, hyperplastic-like mucosal change, serrated epithelial changes, flat serrated changes, goblet cell rich mucosa or epithelial hyperplasia. Goblet cell hyperplasia is the precursor lesion of adenomas and dysplasia in the classical colorectal cancer pathway, of sessile serrated adenomas and serrated dysplasia in the serrated colorectal cancer pathway, and of flat and elevated dysplasia and dysplasia-associated lesions or masses in IIBD-associated intestinal cancers. MAP’s invasion of intestinal goblet cells may result in the initial pathologic lesion of IIBD and sporadic colorectal cancer. MAP’s persistence in infected intestines may result in the eventual development of both IIBD-associated and sporadic colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
33
|
Colorectal Cancer Associated with Strongyloides stercoralis Colitis. ACG Case Rep J 2017; 4:e104. [PMID: 28879209 PMCID: PMC5577239 DOI: 10.14309/crj.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis colitis is a severe but easily curable disease with a high mortality rate if left untreated. Strongyloidiasis can persist up to several decades and may lead to a chronic colitis similar to that seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the two are often confused. Chronic colitis from IBD is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, so it is plausible that chronic colitis from strongyloidiasis may carry a similar risk. Our case report associates chronic Strongyloides colitis and colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
34
|
Herman AM, Kishe A, Babu H, Shilanaiman H, Tarmohamed M, Lodhia J, Amsi P, Pyuza J, Mremi A, Mwasamwaja A, Nyindo M, Chilonga K, Msuya D. Colorectal cancer in a patient with intestinal schistosomiasis: a case report from Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Northern Zone Tanzania. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:146. [PMID: 28768520 PMCID: PMC5541651 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer associated with chronic intestinal schistosomiasis has been linked with the chronic inflammation as a result of schistosomal ova deposition in the submucosal layer of the intestine. Among all species Schistosoma japonicum has been more linked to development of colorectal cancer as compared to Schistosoma mansoni due to absence of population-based studies to support the association. Despite the weak evidence, some cases have been reported associating S. mansoni with development of colorectal cancer. Case Presentation We report a patient who presented to us as a case of intestinal obstruction and found to have a constrictive lesion at the sigmoid colon at laparotomy, then later found to have colorectal cancer with deposited S. mansoni ova at histology. Conclusion Given the known late complications of schistosomiasis, and as S. mansoni is endemic in some parts of Tanzania, epidemiological studies are recommended to shed more light on its association with colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesiga M Herman
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania. .,Department of Endoscopy, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Alfred Kishe
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Heri Babu
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Hilary Shilanaiman
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Murad Tarmohamed
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jay Lodhia
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Patrick Amsi
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jeremia Pyuza
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Alex Mremi
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Amos Mwasamwaja
- Department of Endoscopy, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Mramba Nyindo
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Kondo Chilonga
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - David Msuya
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim TS, Pak JH, Kim JB, Bahk YY. Clonorchis sinensis, an oriental liver fluke, as a human biological agent of cholangiocarcinoma: a brief review. BMB Rep 2017; 49:590-597. [PMID: 27418285 PMCID: PMC5346318 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases remain an unarguable public health problem worldwide. Liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis is a high risk pathogenic parasitic helminth which is endemic predominantly in Asian countries, including Korea, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and the far eastern parts of Russia, and is still actively transmitted. According to the earlier 8th National Survey on the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in 2012, C. sinensis was revealed as the parasite with highest prevalence of 1.86% in general population among all parasite species surveyed in Korea. This fluke is now classified under one of the definite Group 1 human biological agents (carcinogens) by International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC) along with two other parasites, Opisthorchis viverrini and Schistosoma haematobium. C. sinensis infestation is mainly linked to liver and biliary disorders, especially cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). For the purposes of this mini-review, we will only focus on C. sinensis and review pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of clonorchiasis, disease condition by C. sinensis infestation, and association between C. sinensis infestation and CCA. In this presentation, we briefly consider the current scientific status for progression of CCA by heavy C. sinensis infestation from the food-borne trematode and development of CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jhang Ho Pak
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jong-Bo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
[Control of Opisthorchis viverrini infection for cholangiocarcinoma prevention]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 110:61-67. [PMID: 28105582 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-017-0544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified two liver flukes as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1): Opisthorchis viverrini in 1994 and Clonorchis sinensis in 2009. This review is focused on O. viverrini, the most studied of these two trematodes, which infects nearly 10 million people in Southeast Asia. The life cycle involves two intermediate hosts living in fresh water: a snail of the genus Bithynia and a ciprinid fish. The definitive hosts (human, cat, dog) become infected by ingesting raw fish containing metacercariae, the infective stage of the parasite. Adult flukes attach to the epithelium of the bile ducts where they feed for as long as 10 to 30 years, resulting in chronic inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, periductal fibrosis and formation of granuloma. For a long asymptomatic, the distomatosis is revealed by a chronic cholangitis when the parasite load becomes high. Complications can occur with time: gallstones, cholangitis, liver abscess, pancreatitis and, after a few decades, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The epidemiological correlation between the prevalence of O. viverrini infection and the incidence of CCA has been demonstrated in the northeast of Thailand. Specifically, the Khon Kaen province has the highest incidence rate in the world. The CCA can develop asymptomatically for a long time, especially in intrahepatic locations. It is often discovered at a late stage, unresectable. Its prognosis is dreadful with a survival rate less than 5% at 5 years. The phenomenon of carcinogenesis induced by O. viverrini is multifactorial. It has been specially studied using experimental infection on the Syrian golden hamster. Three intricated mechanisms are involved: (i) the direct damage caused by adult worms on the bile duct epithelium, (ii) the immunopathologic processes related to chronic inflammation (oxidative stress) and (iii) the mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects of the proteins secreted by the parasite. Exogenous cofactors are also involved, such as nitrosamines in fish-based dishes undercoocked or fermented, very popular in these endemic regions. Despite the effectiveness of praziquantel to successfully cure this distomatose, opisthorchiasis persists endemic in areas where the incidence of CCA tends to progress. Mass deworming campaigns are ineffective due to the frequency of reinfection in the exposed population. Repeating alternatively cures and reinfections may promote carcinogenesis. The failure of prevention programs reflects the difficulty of changing the traditional habits of consuming raw or fermented fish. Pending a vaccine prophylaxis, control strategies are based on integrated measures involving the treatment of reservoir hosts, sanitation and efforts of continuing information and education to deter the consumption of uncooked fish and to improve the sanitation in rural areas.
Collapse
|
37
|
Koriem KMM, Idris ZH, Haron HF, Omar NA, Lazain HS. Therapeutic effect of Arctium lappa in Schistosoma haematobium associated kidney disturbance: biochemical and molecular effects. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40:1246-1254. [PMID: 27876925 PMCID: PMC5118288 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) infection has been found to be strongly associated with bladder cancer, which necessitates for discover of a natural new therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Arctium lappa seed extract in S. haematobium associated kidney disturbance. Forty male albino mice were used and divided into four equal groups; group 1 control includes non-infected healthy mice, groups 2, 3 and 4 subcutaneous infected with S. haematobium cercariae. Groups 3 co-treated daily with oral dose of A. lappa seed extract (300 mg/kg, bwt) for 15 days in the same time of S. haematobium infection. Groups 4 post-treated daily for 15 days with oral dose of A. lappa seed extract (300 mg/kg, bwt) after 15 days of S. haematobium infection. The results obtained revealed that S. haematobium significantly decreased kidney weight and serum sodium, potassium and chloride, but increased urinary volume, urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid. Schistosoma haematobium also significantly decreased kidney superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels while increased kidney lipid peroxidation level. Co- and post-treatment with A. lappa seed extract restore all the above parameters to approach the normal values. These results were supported with histopathological examinations. In conclusion, A. lappa seed extract has therapeutic effect in kidney disturbance caused by S. haematobium where co-treatment of A. lappa seed extract was more effective than post-treatment of the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. M. Koriem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 13200 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zulzamri H. Idris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hasniza F. Haron
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhuda A. Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Halita S. Lazain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Khan MAH, Shareef PAA, Rehman A, Ullah R, Rehman L, Abidi SMA. Genotoxic potential of Fasciolagigantica infection in experimentally infected rabbits. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:423-428. [PMID: 28615853 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of parasitic platyhelminthes are known to cause genotoxicity in humans and animals. However no such information is available on tropical liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica, which incurs huge economic losses worldwide. In the present study the genotoxic potential of F. gigantica infection in rabbits, experimentally infected with the metacercarial cysts of this parasite, has been investigated using the standard comet assay and micronucleus (MNi) test on the isolated hepatocytes and the whole blood from the infected rabbits. The tail length of the comet in both hepatocytes and reticulocytes from the infected animals was significantly prominent (p < 0.05) as compared to the controls. About 61.17 % of the hepatocytes from the infected rabbits were positive for MNi formation. A number of blood cells also showed cellular deformities, which were recognised as spicule type, schistocytes, tear drop type, acanthocytes and dumbbell type. It is possible that during the establishment of host-parasite relationship the worms might have released some products which could have contributed to the induction of cellular and DNA damage. However, long term studies are required to understand the serious implications of such an effect caused by F. gigantica, though hepatic carcinoma has not been reported so far due to fasciolosis, however, considering the present results the possibility may not be rule out for the disease progression in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Hannan Khan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - P A A Shareef
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Lubna Rehman
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - S M A Abidi
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu C, Zhu Q, Wang C, Zhang L, Wei F, Cai Q. Hostile takeover: Manipulation of HIF-1 signaling in pathogen-associated cancers (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1269-76. [PMID: 27499495 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 is a central regulator in the adaptation process of cell response to hypoxia (low oxygen). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that HIF-1 plays an important role in the development and progression of many types of human diseases, including pathogen-associated cancers. In the present review, we summarize the recent understandings of how human pathogenic agents including viruses, bacteria and parasites deregulate cellular HIF-1 signaling pathway in their associated cancer cells, and highlight the common molecular mechanisms of HIF-1 signaling activated by these pathogenic infection, which could act as potential diagnostic markers and new therapeutic strategies against human infectious cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wei
- ShengYushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gordon CA, McManus DP, Jones MK, Gray DJ, Gobert GN. The Increase of Exotic Zoonotic Helminth Infections: The Impact of Urbanization, Climate Change and Globalization. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 91:311-97. [PMID: 27015952 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic parasitic diseases are increasingly impacting human populations due to the effects of globalization, urbanization and climate change. Here we review the recent literature on the most important helminth zoonoses, including reports of incidence and prevalence. We discuss those helminth diseases which are increasing in endemic areas and consider their geographical spread into new regions within the framework of globalization, urbanization and climate change to determine the effect these variables are having on disease incidence, transmission and the associated challenges presented for public health initiatives, including control and elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Darren J Gray
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Becht E, Giraldo NA, Germain C, de Reyniès A, Laurent-Puig P, Zucman-Rossi J, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Immune Contexture, Immunoscore, and Malignant Cell Molecular Subgroups for Prognostic and Theranostic Classifications of Cancers. Adv Immunol 2016; 130:95-190. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
42
|
Brindley PJ, da Costa JMC, Sripa B. Why does infection with some helminths cause cancer? Trends Cancer 2015; 1:174-182. [PMID: 26618199 PMCID: PMC4657143 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infections with Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and Schistosoma haematobium are classified as Group 1 biological carcinogens: definitive causes of cancer. These worms are metazoan eukaryotes, unlike the other Group 1 carcinogens including human papilloma virus, hepatitis C virus, and Helicobacter pylori. By contrast, infections with phylogenetic relatives of these helminths, also trematodes of the phylum Platyhelminthes and major human pathogens, are not carcinogenic. These inconsistencies prompt several questions, including how might these infections cause cancer? And why is infection with only a few helminth species carcinogenic? Here we present an interpretation of mechanisms contributing to the carcinogenicity of these helminth infections, including roles for catechol estrogen- and oxysterol-metabolites of parasite origin as initiators of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - José M Correia da Costa
- Center for Parasite Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; and Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA/ICETA, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Garcia-Perez JC, Rodríguez-Perez R, Ballestero A, Zuloaga J, Fernandez-Puntero B, Arias-Díaz J, Caballero ML. Previous Exposure to the Fish Parasite Anisakis as a Potential Risk Factor for Gastric or Colon Adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1699. [PMID: 26448021 PMCID: PMC4616760 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anisakiasis is a global disease caused by consumption of raw or lightly cooked fish contaminated with L3 Anisakis spp. larvae. High rates of parasitization of fish worldwide make Anisakis a serious health hazard. In fact, anisakiasis is a growing disease in countries such as Spain, Italy, and Japan, where consumption of raw/marinated fish is high. Some parasitic infections have been recognized as a causative factor for human cancer. Suggested mechanisms include chronic inflammation elicited by the parasite, and a possible tumorigenic effect from certain parasitic secretions. Anisakis can produce persistent local inflammation and granuloma, and larvae have been incidentally found in gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Our aim was to discover possible differences in the prevalence of unnoticed or asymptomatic previous Anisakis infection in GI cancer patients compared with healthy individuals. Serum levels of specific antibodies against Anisakis antigens were used as a reliable marker of previous contact with their larvae. Ninety-four participants without a previous history of Anisakis infection were prospectively allocated into 1 of 2 groups: 47 patients with GI cancer and 47 controls. Specific IgE, IgA1, and IgG1 against the Anisakis recombinant antigens Ani s 1, Ani s 5, Ani s 9, and Ani s 10 were determined by an ELISA assay. The ratio of positivity to sIgA1, rAni s 1, or rAni s 5 was significantly higher in the cancer patients than in the controls (38.30% vs 6.38%, P < 0.001) and (42.55% vs 10.64%, P < 0.001, respectively). When disaggregated by type of tumor, the patients with gastric cancer showed a higher proportion of positive results for sIgA1 to rAni s 1 (P < 0.001), whereas a higher proportion of colon cancer patients were shown to be positive for sIgA1 to both rAni s 1 (P < 0.05) and rAni s 5 (P < 0.01). Earlier Anisakis infection might be a risk factor for the development of stomach or colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Garcia-Perez
- From the Department of Surgery, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (JCG-P, AB), La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) (RR-P), Department of Surgery, Complutense University, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (JZ, JA-D), Department of Clinical Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital (BF-P); and Department of Allergy, La Paz University Hospital, Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain (MLC)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bian M, Xu Q, Xu Y, Li S, Wang X, Sheng J, Wu Z, Huang Y, Yu X. Investigation on oxidative stress of nitric oxide synthase interacting protein from Clonorchis sinensis. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:77-83. [PMID: 26391171 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous evidences indicate that excretory-secretory products (ESPs) from liver flukes trigger the generation of free radicals that are associated with the initial pathophysiological responses in host cells. In this study, we first constructed a Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis, Cs)-infected BALB/c mouse model and examined relative results respectively at 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks postinfection (p.i.). Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR indicated that the transcriptional level of both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) gradually decreased with lastingness of infection, while the transcriptional level of inducible NOS (iNOS) significantly increased. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in sera of infected mouse significantly increased versus the healthy control group. These results showed that the liver of C. sinensis-infected mouse was in a state with elevated levels of oxidation stress. Previously, C. sinensis NOS interacting protein coding gene (named CsNOSIP) has been isolated and recombinant CsNOSIP (rCsNOSIP) has been expressed in Escherichia coli, which has been confirmed to be a component present in CsESPs and confirmed to play important roles in immune regulation of the host. In the present paper, we investigated the effects of rCsNOSIP on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activated RAW264.7, a murine macrophage cell line. We found that endotoxin-free rCsNOSIP significantly promoted the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) after pretreated with rCsNOSIP, while the level of SOD decreased. Furthermore, rCsNOSIP could also increase the level of lipid peroxidation MDA. Taken together, these results suggested that CsNOSIP was a key molecule which was involved in the production of nitric oxide (NO) and its reactive intermediates, and played an important role in oxidative stress during C. sinensis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Bian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanquan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Plentz RR, Malek NP. Clinical presentation, risk factors and staging systems of cholangiocarcinoma. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 29:245-52. [PMID: 25966425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver tumour. Intra-hepatic CCA develops within the liver parenchyma while extrahepatic CCA involves the biliary tree within the hepatoduodenal ligament. Hilar CCA are also called Klatskin tumour. The CCA incidence has increased worldwide over the last years, but there are also geographic differences, with focus in Asian countries. Known risk factors are primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), hepatolithiasis, Caroli's disease, hepatitis B and C infection, liver flukes, cirrhosis, diabetes, obesity, alcohol consumption and probably tobacco smoking. Patients with early CCA have only little discomfort, but can later show episodes with jaundice and other non-specific tumour symptoms. For the staging of the disease different classifications are available, which consider various factors like tumour size, location, regional lymph nodes, metastasis, vascular involvement and tumour marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben R Plentz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Drugging the schistosome zinc-dependent HDACs: current progress and future perspectives. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:783-800. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomes, like many eukaryotic pathogens, typically display morphologically distinct stages during their life cycles. Epigenetic mechanisms underlie the pathogens’ morphological transformations, and the targeting of epigenetics-driven cellular programs therefore represents an Achilles’ heel of parasites. To speed up the search for new antiparasitic agents, drugs validated for other diseases can be rationally optimized into antiparasitic therapeutics. Specifically, zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) are the most explored targets for epigenetic therapies, notably for anticancer treatments. This review focuses on the development of drug-leads inhibiting HDACs from schistosomes. More precisely, current progress on Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 (smHDAC8) provided a proof of concept that targeting epigenetic enzymes is a valid approach to treat diseases caused by schistosomes, and possibly other eukaryotic pathogens.
Collapse
|
47
|
Estrogen-like metabolites and DNA-adducts in urogenital schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:226-32. [PMID: 25615421 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An estrogen-DNA adduct mediated pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of the squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with infection with the blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium. Extracts from developmental stages of S. haematobium, including eggs, induce tumor-like phenotypes in cultured cells. In addition, estrogen-derived, reactive metabolites occur in this pathogen and in sera of infected persons. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed on urine from 40 Angolans diagnosed with urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS), half of who also presented UGS-associated squamous cell carcinoma and/or urothelial cell carcinoma. The analysis revealed numerous estrogen-like metabolites, including seven specifically identified in UGS cases, but not reported in the database of metabolites in urine of healthy humans. These schistosome infection-associated metabolites included catechol estrogen quinones (CEQ) and CEQ-DNA-adducts, two of which had been identified previously in S. haematobium. In addition, novel metabolites derived directly from 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) were identified in urine of all 40 cases of UGS. These metabolites can be expected to provide deeper insights into the carcinogenesis UGS-induced bladder cancer, and as biomarkers for diagnosis and/or prognosis of this neglected tropical disease-linked cancer.
Collapse
|
48
|
Mao Q, Xie Z, Wang X, Chen W, Ren M, Shang M, Lei H, Tian Y, Li S, Liang P, Chen T, Liang C, Xu J, Li X, Huang Y, Yu X. Clonorchis sinensis ferritin heavy chain triggers free radicals and mediates inflammation signaling in human hepatic stellate cells. Parasitol Res 2014; 114:659-70. [PMID: 25413629 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchiasis, caused by direct and continuous contact with Clonorchis sinensis, is associated with hepatobiliary damage, inflammation, periductal fibrosis, and the development of cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatic stellate cells respond to liver injury through production of proinflammatory mediators which drive fibrogenesis; however, their endogenous sources and pathophysiological roles in host cells were not determined. C. sinensis ferritin heavy chain (CsFHC) was previously confirmed as a component of excretory/secretory products and exhibited a number of extrahepatic immunomodulatory properties in various diseases. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and biological role of CsFHC in C. sinensis. CsFHC was expressed throughout life stages of C. sinensis. More importantly, we found that treatment of human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 with CsFHC triggered the production of free radicals via time-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The increase in free radicals substantially promoted the degradation of cytosolic IκBα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits (p65 and p50). CsFHC-induced NF-κB activation was markedly attenuated by preincubation with specific inhibitors of corresponding free radical-producing enzyme or the antioxidant. In addition, CsFHC induced an increased expression level of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, in NF-κB-dependent manner. Our results indicate that CsFHC-triggered free radical-mediated NF-κB signaling is an important factor in the chronic inflammation caused by C. sinensis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Mao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bowel parasitosis and neuroendocrine tumours of the appendix. A report from the Italian TREP project. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:1552-5. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYFive children with a neuroendocrine tumour (NET) of the appendix associated with a parasitic bowel infection are described, and the possibility of inflammation-triggered carcinogenesis is discussed. Schistosoma haematobium is linked primarily to bladder cancer but it has been reported in association with several other histotypes, including NETs of the gastrointestinal tract. Conversely, Enterobius vermicularis has not yet been claimed to participate in the onset of pre-cancerous conditions or tumours. The rare occurrence of contemporary appendiceal NETs and parasitic infection, raises the intriguing hypothesis of an inflammation-related carcinogenesis, although a cause–effect relationship cannot be established. Larger international series of childhood appendiceal NETs, which also include countries with higher prevalence of parasitic bowel infections, are needed to further clarify this possible cause–effect relationship.
Collapse
|
50
|
Wilson S, Jones FM, van Dam GJ, Corstjens PLAM, Riveau G, Fitzsimmons CM, Sacko M, Vennervald BJ, Dunne DW. Human Schistosoma haematobium antifecundity immunity is dependent on transmission intensity and associated with immunoglobulin G1 to worm-derived antigens. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:2009-16. [PMID: 25001462 PMCID: PMC4241947 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunity that reduces worm fecundity and, in turn, reduces morbidity is proposed for Schistosoma haematobium, a parasite of major public health importance. Mathematical models of epidemiological trends suggest that antifecundity immunity is dependent on antibody responses to adult-worm-derived antigen. Methods For a Malian cohort (age, 5–29 years) residing in high-transmission fishing villages or a moderate-transmission village, worm fecundity was assessed using the ratio of urinary egg excretion to levels of circulating anodic antigen, a Schistosoma-specific antigen that is steadily secreted by adult worms. Fecundity was modeled against host age, infection transmission intensity, and antibody responses specific to soluble worm antigen (SWA), tegument allergen-like 1, and 28-kDa glutathione-S-transferase. Results Worm fecundity declined steadily until a host age of 11 years. Among children, host age and transmission were negatively associated with worm fecundity. A significant interaction term between host age and transmission indicates that antifecundity immunity develops earlier in high-transmission areas. SWA immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) levels explained the effect of transmission on antifecundity immunity. Conclusion Antifecundity immunity, which is likely to be protective against severe morbidity, develops rapidly during childhood. Antifecundity immunity is associated with SWA-IgG1, with higher infection transmission increasing this response at an earlier age, leading to earlier development of antifecundity immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shona Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul L A M Corstjens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles Riveau
- CIIL, Inserm U1019, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | | | - Moussa Sacko
- Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique, Bamako, Mali
| | - Birgitte J Vennervald
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - David W Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|