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Cadena-Ramos AI, De-la-Peña C. Picky eaters: selective autophagy in plant cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:364-384. [PMID: 37864806 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading damaged or unnecessary components. While selective autophagy has been extensively studied in animal cells, its significance in plant cells has only recently gained attention. In this review, we delve into the intriguing realm selective autophagy in plants, with specific focus on its involvement in nutrient recycling, organelle turnover, and stress response. Moreover, recent studies have unveiled the interesting interplay between selective autophagy and epigenetic mechanisms in plants, elucidating the significance of epigenetic regulation in modulating autophagy-related gene expression and finely tuning the selective autophagy process in plants. By synthesizing existing knowledge, this review highlights the emerging field of selective autophagy in plant cells, emphasizing its pivotal role in maintaining nutrient homeostasis, facilitating cellular adaptation, and shedding light on the epigenetic regulation that governs these processes. Our comprehensive study provides the way for a deeper understanding of the dynamic control of cellular responses to nutrient availability and stress conditions, opening new avenues for future research in this field of autophagy in plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis I Cadena-Ramos
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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2
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Hickey K, Nazarov T, Smertenko A. Organellomic gradients in the fourth dimension. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:98-111. [PMID: 37243543 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organelles function as hubs of cellular metabolism and elements of cellular architecture. In addition to 3 spatial dimensions that describe the morphology and localization of each organelle, the time dimension describes complexity of the organelle life cycle, comprising formation, maturation, functioning, decay, and degradation. Thus, structurally identical organelles could be biochemically different. All organelles present in a biological system at a given moment of time constitute the organellome. The homeostasis of the organellome is maintained by complex feedback and feedforward interactions between cellular chemical reactions and by the energy demands. Synchronized changes of organelle structure, activity, and abundance in response to environmental cues generate the fourth dimension of plant polarity. Temporal variability of the organellome highlights the importance of organellomic parameters for understanding plant phenotypic plasticity and environmental resiliency. Organellomics involves experimental approaches for characterizing structural diversity and quantifying the abundance of organelles in individual cells, tissues, or organs. Expanding the arsenal of appropriate organellomics tools and determining parameters of the organellome complexity would complement existing -omics approaches in comprehending the phenomenon of plant polarity. To highlight the importance of the fourth dimension, this review provides examples of organellome plasticity during different developmental or environmental situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Hickey
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 WA, USA
| | - Taras Nazarov
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 WA, USA
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 WA, USA
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3
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Lourenco AB, Casajús V, Ramos R, Massolo F, Salinas C, Civello P, Martínez G. Postharvest shelf life extension of minimally processed kale at ambient and refrigerated storage by use of modified atmosphere. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023:10820132231195379. [PMID: 37608535 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231195379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Kale is becoming an important vegetable worldwide, mainly due to its nutritional properties. Kale leaves can be marketed whole, although minimal processing is also in demand. In this article, it was analyzed the effect of packaging in a modified atmosphere of fresh-cut kale leaves stored at 20 °C and 4 °C. Kale leaves were cut into 4 × 4 cm strips and stored in low-density polyethylene bags. Samples processed in the same way but stored in PVC were used as controls. Leaves kept in a modified atmosphere showed a delay in color change with Hue values from about 130 to 120 under PMA against 130 to 100 in control group (CTR) leaves. Chlorophyll degradation was also delayed in both storage temperatures. Samples stored under PMA showed about two times the levels of total chlorophylls with respect to CTR samples at the end of the storage. No changes in total sugar content were detected during storage and no differences were detected between control and modified atmospheres stored samples. Samples maintained in a modified atmosphere showed a lower decrement in soluble proteins and a lower rate of RUBISCO degradation at both temperatures. The relation of RUBISCO content PMA/CTR ranged from 1 to about 3 toward the end of storage No changes in phenols content were found when comparing control and treated samples. However, flavonoid and the antioxidant contents increased in samples stored in modified atmospheres with respect to their controls. We demonstrated that storage in modified atmospheres could be an adequate and simple methodology to extend postharvest life of this minimally processed product at both ambient and refrigerated storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Romina Ramos
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Facundo Massolo
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), La Plata, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales (LIPA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Corel Salinas
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pedro Civello
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Martínez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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4
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Estiarte M, Campioli M, Mayol M, Penuelas J. Variability and limits of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption during foliar senescence. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100503. [PMID: 36514281 PMCID: PMC10030369 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Foliar nutrient resorption (NuR) plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and plant nutrient economy. Most of this recycling occurs during the senescence of leaves and is actively addressed by cells. Here, we discuss the importance of cell biochemistry, physiology, and subcellular anatomy to condition the outcome of NuR at the cellular level and to explain the existence of limits to NuR. Nutrients are transferred from the leaf in simple metabolites that can be loaded into the phloem. Proteolysis is the main mechanism for mobilization of N, whereas P mobilization requires the involvement of different catabolic pathways, making the dynamics of P in leaves more variable than those of N before, during, and after foliar senescence. The biochemistry and fate of organelles during senescence impose constraints that limit NuR. The efficiency of NuR decreases, especially in evergreen species, as soil fertility increases, which is attributed to the relative costs of nutrient acquisition from soil decreasing with increasing soil nutrient availability, while the energetic costs of NuR from senescing leaves remain constant. NuR is genetically determined, with substantial interspecific variability, and is environmentally regulated in space and time, with nutrient availability being a key driver of intraspecific variability in NuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maria Mayol
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
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5
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Zheng Y, Cabassa-Hourton C, Planchais S, Crilat E, Clément G, Dacher M, Durand N, Bordenave-Jacquemin M, Guivarc'h A, Dourmap C, Carol P, Lebreton S, Savouré A. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase is an essential enzyme for proline dehydrogenase function during dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:901-917. [PMID: 36583533 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During leaf senescence, nitrogen is remobilized and carbon backbones are replenished by amino acid catabolism, with many of the key reactions occurring in mitochondria. The intermediate Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) is common to some catabolic pathways, thus linking the metabolism of several amino acids, including proline and arginine. Specifically, mitochondrial proline catabolism involves sequential action of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) and P5C dehydrogenase (P5CDH) to produce P5C and then glutamate. Arginine catabolism produces urea and ornithine, the latter in the presence of α-ketoglutarate being converted by ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT) into P5C and glutamate. Metabolic changes during dark-induced leaf senescence (DIS) were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves of Col-0 and in prodh1prodh2, p5cdh and oat mutants. Progression of DIS was followed by measuring chlorophyll and proline contents for 5 days. Metabolomic profiling of 116 compounds revealed similar profiles of Col-0 and oat metabolism, distinct from prodh1prodh2 and p5cdh metabolism. Metabolic dynamics were accelerated in p5cdh by 1 day. Notably, more P5C and proline accumulated in p5cdh than in prodh1prodh2. ProDH1 enzymatic activity and protein amount were significantly down-regulated in p5cdh mutant at Day 4 of DIS. Mitochondrial P5C levels appeared critical in determining the flow through interconnected amino acid remobilization pathways to sustain senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Cécile Cabassa-Hourton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Séverine Planchais
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Crilat
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRAE-AgroParisTech, Centre INRAE, Versailles, France
| | - Matthieu Dacher
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Nina Durand
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Marianne Bordenave-Jacquemin
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Anne Guivarc'h
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dourmap
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Carol
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lebreton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
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6
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Kacprzak SM, Van Aken O. Carbon starvation, senescence and specific mitochondrial stresses, but not nitrogen starvation and general stresses, are major triggers for mitophagy in Arabidopsis. Autophagy 2022; 18:2894-2912. [PMID: 35311445 PMCID: PMC9673927 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2054039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) is thought to play an important role in mitochondrial quality control, but our understanding of which conditions induce mitophagy in plants is limited. Here, we developed novel reporter lines to monitor mitophagy in plants and surveyed the rate of mitophagy under a wide range of stresses and developmental conditions. Especially carbon starvation induced by dark-incubation causes a dramatic increase in mitophagy within a few hours, further increasing as dark-induced senescence progresses. Natural senescence was also a strong trigger of mitophagy, peaking when leaf yellowing became prominent. In contrast, nitrogen starvation, a trigger of general autophagy, does not induce strong increases in mitophagy. Similarly, general stresses such as hydrogen peroxide, heat, UV-B and hypoxia did not appear to trigger substantial mitophagy in plants. Additionally, we exposed plants to inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, mitochondrial translation and protein import. Although short-term treatments did not induce high mitophagy rates, longer term exposures to uncoupling agent and inhibitors of mitochondrial protein import/translation could clearly increase mitophagic flux. These findings could further be confirmed using confocal microscopy. To validate that mitophagy is mediated by the autophagy pathway, we showed that mitophagic flux is abolished or strongly decreased in atg5/AuTophaGy 5 and atg11 mutants, respectively. Finally, we observed high rates of mitophagy in etiolated seedlings, which remarkably was completely repressed within 6 h after light exposure. In conclusion, we propose that dark-induced carbon starvation, natural senescence and specific mitochondrial stresses are key triggers of mitophagy in plants.Abbreviations: AA: antimycin A; ATG: AuToPhagy related; ConA: concanamycin A; DIS: dark-induced senescence; Dox: doxycycline; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IDH1: isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; MB: MitoBlock-6; Mito-GFP: transgenic Arabidopsis line expressing a mitochondrially targeted protein fused to GFP; mtETC: mitochondrial electron transport chain; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PQC: protein quality control; TOM20: Translocase of Outer Membrane 20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,CONTACT Olivier Van Aken Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Lund, Sweden
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7
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The RPN12a proteasome subunit is essential for the multiple hormonal homeostasis controlling the progression of leaf senescence. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1043. [PMID: 36180574 PMCID: PMC9525688 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a conserved multi-subunit machinery in eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitinated proteins, which in turn provides an efficient molecular mechanism to regulate numerous cellular functions and developmental processes. Here, we studied a new loss-of-function allele of RPN12a, a plant ortholog of the yeast and human structural component of the 19S proteasome RPN12. Combining a set of biochemical and molecular approaches, we confirmed that a rpn12a knock-out had exacerbated 20S and impaired 26S activities. The altered proteasomal activity led to a pleiotropic phenotype affecting both the vegetative growth and reproductive phase of the plant, including a striking repression of leaf senescence associate cell-death. Further investigation demonstrated that RPN12a is involved in the regulation of several conjugates associated with the auxin, cytokinin, ethylene and jasmonic acid homeostasis. Such enhanced aptitude of plant cells for survival in rpn12a contrasts with reports on animals, where 26S proteasome mutants generally show an accelerated cell death phenotype.
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8
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Barros JAS, Cavalcanti JHF, Pimentel KG, Medeiros DB, Silva JCF, Condori-Apfata JA, Lapidot-Cohen T, Brotman Y, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Avin-Wittenberg T, Araújo WL. The significance of WRKY45 transcription factor in metabolic adjustments during dark-induced leaf senescence. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2682-2695. [PMID: 35818668 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental changes that affect their performance. Metabolic adjustments are crucial to controlling energy homoeostasis and plant survival, particularly during stress. Under carbon starvation, coordinated reprogramming is initiated to adjust metabolic processes, which culminate in premature senescence. Notwithstanding, the regulatory networks that modulate transcriptional control during low energy remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the WRKY45 transcription factor is highly induced during both developmental and dark-induced senescence. The overexpression of Arabidopsis WRKY45 resulted in an early senescence phenotype characterized by a reduction of maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and chlorophyll levels in the later stages of darkness. The detailed metabolic characterization showed significant changes in amino acids coupled with the accumulation of organic acids in WRKY45 overexpression lines during dark-induced senescence. Furthermore, the markedly upregulation of alternative oxidase (AOX1a, AOX1d) and electron transfer flavoprotein/ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETFQO) genes suggested that WRKY45 is associated with a dysregulation of mitochondrial signalling and the activation of alternative respiration rather than amino acids catabolism regulation. Collectively our results provided evidence that WRKY45 is involved in the plant metabolic reprogramming following carbon starvation and highlight the potential role of WRKY45 in the modulation of mitochondrial signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Henrique F Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Karla G Pimentel
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - José C F Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Taly Lapidot-Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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9
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Liebsch D, Juvany M, Li Z, Wang HL, Ziolkowska A, Chrobok D, Boussardon C, Wen X, Law SR, Janečková H, Brouwer B, Lindén P, Delhomme N, Stenlund H, Moritz T, Gardeström P, Guo H, Keech O. Metabolic control of arginine and ornithine levels paces the progression of leaf senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1943-1960. [PMID: 35604104 PMCID: PMC9342962 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence can be induced by stress or aging, sometimes in a synergistic manner. It is generally acknowledged that the ability to withstand senescence-inducing conditions can provide plants with stress resilience. Although the signaling and transcriptional networks responsible for a delayed senescence phenotype, often referred to as a functional stay-green trait, have been actively investigated, very little is known about the subsequent metabolic adjustments conferring this aptitude to survival. First, using the individually darkened leaf (IDL) experimental setup, we compared IDLs of wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to several stay-green contexts, that is IDLs of two functional stay-green mutant lines, oresara1-2 (ore1-2) and an allele of phytochrome-interacting factor 5 (pif5), as well as to leaves from a WT plant entirely darkened (DP). We provide compelling evidence that arginine and ornithine, which accumulate in all stay-green contexts-likely due to the lack of induction of amino acids (AAs) transport-can delay the progression of senescence by fueling the Krebs cycle or the production of polyamines (PAs). Secondly, we show that the conversion of putrescine to spermidine (SPD) is controlled in an age-dependent manner. Thirdly, we demonstrate that SPD represses senescence via interference with ethylene signaling by stabilizing the ETHYLENE BINDING FACTOR1 and 2 (EBF1/2) complex. Taken together, our results identify arginine and ornithine as central metabolites influencing the stress- and age-dependent progression of leaf senescence. We propose that the regulatory loop between the pace of the AA export and the progression of leaf senescence provides the plant with a mechanism to fine-tune the induction of cell death in leaves, which, if triggered unnecessarily, can impede nutrient remobilization and thus plant growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Agnieszka Ziolkowska
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daria Chrobok
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clément Boussardon
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xing Wen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Simon R Law
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Janečková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pernilla Lindén
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, D-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Per Gardeström
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Luong AM, Koestel J, Bhati KK, Batoko H. Cargo receptors and adaptors for selective autophagy in plant cells. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2104-2132. [PMID: 35638898 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plant selective (macro)autophagy is a highly regulated process whereby eukaryotic cells spatiotemporally degrade some of their constituents that have become superfluous or harmful. The identification and characterization of the factors determining this selectivity make it possible to integrate selective (macro)autophagy into plant cell physiology and homeostasis. The specific cargo receptors and/or scaffold proteins involved in this pathway are generally not structurally conserved, as are the biochemical mechanisms underlying recognition and integration of a given cargo into the autophagosome in different cell types. This review discusses the few specific cargo receptors described in plant cells to highlight key features of selective autophagy in the plant kingdom and its integration with plant physiology, so as to identify evolutionary convergence and knowledge gaps to be filled by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai My Luong
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, University of Louvain Croix du Sud 4, L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Koestel
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, University of Louvain Croix du Sud 4, L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kaushal Kumar Bhati
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, University of Louvain Croix du Sud 4, L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Henri Batoko
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, University of Louvain Croix du Sud 4, L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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11
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Wu HY, Liu LA, Shi L, Zhang WF, Jiang CD. Photosynthetic acclimation during low-light-induced leaf senescence in post-anthesis maize plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:313-326. [PMID: 34086146 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low light conditions not only induce leaf senescence, but also photosynthetic acclimation. This study aimed to determine whether plants exhibit photosynthetic acclimation during low-light-induced leaf senescence. The influences of shading on leaf senescence and photosynthetic acclimation were explored in post-anthesis maize plants. The results showed that whole shading (WS) of maize plants accelerated leaf senescence, whereas partial shading (PS) slowed leaf senescence. WS led to larger decreases in the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) compared to those of the PS treatment. Interestingly, chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) demonstrated that the absorption flux (ABS/CSo) and trapped energy flux (TRo/CSo) per cross section in leaves remained relatively stable under WS, whereas significant decreases in the active PSII reaction centers (RC/CSo) resulted in considerable increases in absorption (ABS/RC) and trapped energy flux (TRo/RC) per reaction center. ABS/CSo, TRo/CSo, ABS/RC, and TRo/RC increased markedly under PS, whereas there were slight decreases in RC/CSo and electron transport activity. These results suggest that the PS treatment resulted in obvious improvements in the absorption and capture of light energy in shaded leaves. Further analysis demonstrated that both the WS and PS treatments resulted in a greater decrease in the activity of Rubisco compared to that of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). Moreover, PEPC activity in PS was maintained at a high level. Consequently, the current study proposed that the improvement of the absorption and capture of light energy and the maintenance of PEPC activity of mesophyll cells were due to photosynthetic acclimation of low-light-induced leaf senescence in maize plants. In addition, the rate of senescence of vascular bundle cells in maize leaves exceeded that of mesophyll cells under low light, showing obvious tissue specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Li-An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wang-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Chuang-Dao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Møller IM, Rasmusson AG, Van Aken O. Plant mitochondria - past, present and future. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:912-959. [PMID: 34528296 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant mitochondria started in earnest around 1950 with the first isolations of mitochondria from animal and plant tissues. The first 35 years were spent establishing the basic properties of plant mitochondria and plant respiration using biochemical and physiological approaches. A number of unique properties (compared to mammalian mitochondria) were observed: (i) the ability to oxidize malate, glycine and cytosolic NAD(P)H at high rates; (ii) the partial insensitivity to rotenone, which turned out to be due to the presence of a second NADH dehydrogenase on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane in addition to the classical Complex I NADH dehydrogenase; and (iii) the partial insensitivity to cyanide, which turned out to be due to an alternative oxidase, which is also located on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, in addition to the classical Complex IV, cytochrome oxidase. With the appearance of molecular biology methods around 1985, followed by genomics, further unique properties were discovered: (iv) plant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is 10-600 times larger than the mammalian mtDNA, yet it only contains approximately 50% more genes; (v) plant mtDNA has kept the standard genetic code, and it has a low divergence rate with respect to point mutations, but a high recombinatorial activity; (vi) mitochondrial mRNA maturation includes a uniquely complex set of activities for processing, splicing and editing (at hundreds of sites); (vii) recombination in mtDNA creates novel reading frames that can produce male sterility; and (viii) plant mitochondria have a large proteome with 2000-3000 different proteins containing many unique proteins such as 200-300 pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. We describe the present and fairly detailed picture of the structure and function of plant mitochondria and how the unique properties make their metabolism more flexible allowing them to be involved in many diverse processes in the plant cell, such as photosynthesis, photorespiration, CAM and C4 metabolism, heat production, temperature control, stress resistance mechanisms, programmed cell death and genomic evolution. However, it is still a challenge to understand how the regulation of metabolism and mtDNA expression works at the cellular level and how retrograde signaling from the mitochondria coordinates all those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
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Karia P, Yoshioka K, Moeder W. Multiple phosphorylation events of the mitochondrial membrane protein TTM1 regulate cell death during senescence. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:766-780. [PMID: 34409658 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in programmed cell death (PCD) during animal growth and development is well documented, but much less is known for plants. We previously showed that the Arabidopsis thaliana triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme (TTM) proteins TTM1 and TTM2 are tail-anchored proteins that localize in the mitochondrial outer membrane and participate in PCD during senescence and immunity, respectively. Here, we show that TTM1 is specifically involved in senescence induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover, phosphorylation of TTM1 by multiple mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases regulates its function and turnover. A combination of proteomics and in vitro kinase assays revealed three major phosphorylation sites of TTM1 (Ser10, Ser437, and Ser490). Ser437, which is phosphorylated upon perception of senescence cues such as ABA and prolonged darkness, is phosphorylated by the MAP kinases MPK3 and MPK4, and Ser437 phosphorylation is essential for TTM1 function in senescence. These MPKs, together with three additional MAP kinases (MPK1, MPK7, and MPK6), also phosphorylate Ser10 and Ser490, marking TTM1 for protein turnover, which likely prevents uncontrolled cell death. Taken together, our results show that multiple MPKs regulate the function and turnover of the mitochondrial protein TTM1 during senescence-associated cell death, revealing a novel link between mitochondria and PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Karia
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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Guo Y, Yin W, Fan H, Fan Z, Hu F, Yu A, Zhao C, Chai Q, Aziiba EA, Zhang X. Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Water and Nitrogen Coupling for Enhanced High-Density Tolerance and Increased Yield of Maize in Arid Irrigation Regions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:726568. [PMID: 34630472 PMCID: PMC8495025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.726568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To some extent, the photosynthetic traits of developing leaves of maize are regulated systemically by water and nitrogen. However, it remains unclear whether photosynthesis is systematically regulated via water and nitrogen when maize crops are grown under close (high density) planting conditions. To address this, a field experiment that had a split-split plot arrangement of treatments was designed. Two irrigation levels on local traditional irrigation level (high, I2, 4,050 m3 ha-1) and reduced by 20% (low, I1, 3,240 m3 ha-1) formed the main plots; two levels of nitrogen fertilizer at a local traditional nitrogen level (high, N2, 360 kg ha-1) and reduced by 25% (low, N1, 270 kg ha-1) formed the split plots; three planting densities of low (D1, 7.5 plants m-2), medium (D2, 9.75 plants m-2), and high (D3, 12 plants m-2) formed the split-split plots. The grain yield, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of the closely planted maize crops were assessed. The results showed that water-nitrogen coupling regulated their net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), quantum yield of non-regulated non-photochemical energy loss [Y(NO)], actual photochemical efficiency of PSII [Y(II)], and quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss [Y(NPQ)]. When maize plants were grown at low irrigation with traditional nitrogen and at a medium density (i.e., I1N2D2), they had Pn, Gs, and Tr higher than those of grown under traditional treatment conditions (i.e., I2N2D1). Moreover, the increased photosynthesis in the leaves of maize in the I1N2D2 treatment was mainly caused by decreased Y(NO), and increased Y(II) and Y(NPQ). The coupling of 20%-reduced irrigation with the traditional nitrogen application boosted the grain yield of medium density-planted maize, whose Pn, Gs, Tr, Y(II), and Y(NPQ) were enhanced, and its Y(NO) was reduced. Redundancy analysis revealed that both Y(II) and SPAD were the most important physiological factors affecting maize yield performance, followed by Y(NPQ) and NPQ. Using the 20% reduction in irrigation and traditional nitrogen application at a medium density of planting (I1N2D2) could thus be considered as feasible management practices, which could provide technical guidance for further exploring high yields of closely planted maize plants in arid irrigation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Falong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aizhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Emmanuel Asibi Aziiba
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Wu Z, Feng M, Chen J, Qin M, Wang W, Bao Y, Xu Q, Ye Y, Ma C, Jiang CZ, Gan SS, Zhou H, Cai Y, Hong B, Gao J, Ma N. The circadian-controlled PIF8-BBX28 module regulates petal senescence in rose flowers by governing mitochondrial ROS homeostasis at night. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2716-2735. [PMID: 34043798 PMCID: PMC8408477 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable reactive molecules that are toxic to cells. Regulation of ROS homeostasis is crucial to protect cells from dysfunction, senescence, and death. In plant leaves, ROS are mainly generated from chloroplasts and are tightly temporally restricted by the circadian clock. However, little is known about how ROS homeostasis is regulated in nonphotosynthetic organs, such as petals. Here, we showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels exhibit typical circadian rhythmicity in rose (Rosa hybrida) petals, consistent with the measured respiratory rate. RNA-seq and functional screening identified a B-box gene, RhBBX28, whose expression was associated with H2O2 rhythms. Silencing RhBBX28 accelerated flower senescence and promoted H2O2 accumulation at night in petals, while overexpression of RhBBX28 had the opposite effects. RhBBX28 influenced the expression of various genes related to respiratory metabolism, including the TCA cycle and glycolysis, and directly repressed the expression of SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE 1, which plays a central role in mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) homeostasis. We also found that PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR8 (RhPIF8) could activate RhBBX28 expression to control H2O2 levels in petals and thus flower senescence. Our results indicate that the circadian-controlled RhPIF8-RhBBX28 module is a critical player that controls flower senescence by governing mtROS homeostasis in rose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhicheng Wu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meizhu Qin
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenran Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Faculty of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Su-Sheng Gan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hougao Zhou
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Youming Cai
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Author for correspondence:
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16
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Broda M, Khan K, O’Leary B, Pružinská A, Lee CP, Millar AH, Van Aken O. Increased expression of ANAC017 primes for accelerated senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2205-2221. [PMID: 33914871 PMCID: PMC8331134 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have reported conflicting roles for NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 17 (ANAC017), a transcription factor regulating mitochondria-to-nuclear signaling, and its closest paralog NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 16 (ANAC016), in leaf senescence. By synchronizing senescence in individually darkened leaves of knockout and overexpressing mutants from these contrasting studies, we demonstrate that elevated ANAC017 expression consistently causes accelerated senescence and cell death. A time-resolved transcriptome analysis revealed that senescence-associated pathways such as autophagy are not constitutively activated in ANAC017 overexpression lines, but require a senescence-stimulus to trigger accelerated induction. ANAC017 transcript and ANAC017-target genes are constitutively upregulated in ANAC017 overexpression lines, but surprisingly show a transient "super-induction" 1 d after senescence induction. This induction of ANAC017 and its target genes is observed during the later stages of age-related and dark-induced senescence, indicating the ANAC017 pathway is also activated in natural senescence. In contrast, knockout mutants of ANAC017 showed lowered senescence-induced induction of ANAC017 target genes during the late stages of dark-induced senescence. Finally, promoter binding analyses show that the ANAC016 promoter sequence is directly bound by ANAC017, so ANAC016 likely acts downstream of ANAC017 and is directly transcriptionally controlled by ANAC017 in a feed-forward loop during late senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Broda
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Kasim Khan
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
| | - Brendan O’Leary
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Adriana Pružinská
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Chun Pong Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
- Author for communication:
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17
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Berkowitz O, Xu Y, Liew LC, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Hurgobin B, Lewsey MG, Whelan J. RNA-seq analysis of laser microdissected Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermis, mesophyll and vasculature defines tissue-specific transcriptional responses to multiple stress treatments. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:938-955. [PMID: 33974297 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of plants to adverse conditions requires the coordination of gene expression and signalling pathways between tissues and cell types. As the energy and carbon capturing organs, leaves are significantly affected by abiotic and biotic stresses. However, tissue- or cell type-specific analyses of stress responses have focussed on the Arabidopsis root. Here, we comparatively explore the transcriptomes of three leaf tissues (epidermis, mesophyll, vasculature) after induction of diverse stress pathways by chemical stimuli (antimycin A, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, methyl viologen, salicylic acid) and ultraviolet light in Arabidopsis using laser capture microdissection followed by RNA sequencing. Stimulation of stress pathways caused an overall reduction in the number of genes expressed in a tissue-specific manner, though a small subset gained or changed their tissue specificity. We find no evidence of a common stress response, with only a few genes consistently responsive to two or more treatments in the analysed tissues. However, differentially expressed genes overlap between tissues for individual treatments. A focussed analysis provided evidence for an interaction of auxin and ethylene that mediates retrograde signalling during mitochondrial dysfunction specifically in the epidermis, and a gene regulatory network defined the hierarchy of interactions. Taken together, we have generated an extensive reference dataset that will be valuable for future experiments analysing transcriptional responses on a tissue or single-cell level. Our results will enable the tailoring of the tissue-specific engineering of stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Berkowitz
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yue Xu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Lim Chee Liew
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yanqiao Zhu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Bhavna Hurgobin
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio Building La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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18
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Ferguson JN, Tidy AC, Murchie EH, Wilson ZA. The potential of resilient carbon dynamics for stabilizing crop reproductive development and productivity during heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2066-2089. [PMID: 33538010 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Impaired carbon metabolism and reproductive development constrain crop productivity during heat stress. Reproductive development is energy intensive, and its requirement for respiratory substrates rises as associated metabolism increases with temperature. Understanding how these processes are integrated and the extent to which they contribute to the maintenance of yield during and following periods of elevated temperatures is important for developing climate-resilient crops. Recent studies are beginning to demonstrate links between processes underlying carbon dynamics and reproduction during heat stress, consequently a summation of research that has been reported thus far and an evaluation of purported associations are needed to guide and stimulate future research. To this end, we review recent studies relating to source-sink dynamics, non-foliar photosynthesis and net carbon gain as pivotal in understanding how to improve reproductive development and crop productivity during heat stress. Rapid and precise phenotyping during narrow phenological windows will be important for understanding mechanisms underlying these processes, thus we discuss the development of relevant high-throughput phenotyping approaches that will allow for more informed decision-making regarding future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison C Tidy
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant & Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
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19
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Van Aken O. Mitochondrial redox systems as central hubs in plant metabolism and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:36-52. [PMID: 33624829 PMCID: PMC8154082 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitochondria are indispensable for plant metabolism and are tightly integrated into cellular homeostasis. This review provides an update on the latest research concerning the organization and operation of plant mitochondrial redox systems, and how they affect cellular metabolism and signaling, plant development, and stress responses. New insights into the organization and operation of mitochondrial energy systems such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) are discussed. The mtETC produces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can act as signals or lead to cellular damage, and are thus efficiently removed by mitochondrial antioxidant systems, including Mn-superoxide dismutase, ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidases. Plant mitochondria are tightly connected with photosynthesis, photorespiration, and cytosolic metabolism, thereby providing redox-balancing. Mitochondrial proteins are targets of extensive post-translational modifications, but their functional significance and how they are added or removed remains unclear. To operate in sync with the whole cell, mitochondria can communicate their functional status via mitochondrial retrograde signaling to change nuclear gene expression, and several recent breakthroughs here are discussed. At a whole organism level, plant mitochondria thus play crucial roles from the first minutes after seed imbibition, supporting meristem activity, growth, and fertility, until senescence of darkened and aged tissue. Finally, plant mitochondria are tightly integrated with cellular and organismal responses to environmental challenges such as drought, salinity, heat, and submergence, but also threats posed by pathogens. Both the major recent advances and outstanding questions are reviewed, which may help future research efforts on plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Author for communication:
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20
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Nakamura S, Hagihara S, Izumi M. Mitophagy in plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129916. [PMID: 33932484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in primary metabolism in plants as well as in heterotrophic eukaryotes. Plants must control the quality and number of mitochondria in response to a changing environment, across cell types and developmental stages. Mitophagy is defined as the degradation of mitochondria by autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved system for the removal and recycling of intracellular components. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of mitophagy in plant stress responses. This review article summarizes our current knowledge of plant mitophagy and discusses the underlying mechanisms. In plants, chloroplasts cooperate with mitochondria for energy production, and autophagy also targets chloroplasts through a process known as chlorophagy. Advances in plant autophagy studies now allow a comparative analysis of the autophagic turnover of mitochondria and chloroplasts, via the selective degradation of their soluble proteins, fragments, or entire organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakuya Nakamura
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, 351-0198 Wako, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, 351-0198 Wako, Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), RIKEN, 351-0198 Wako, Japan.
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21
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Dellero Y, Jossier M, Bouchereau A, Hodges M, Leport L. Leaf Phenological Stages of Winter Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.) Have Conserved Photosynthetic Efficiencies but Contrasted Intrinsic Water Use Efficiencies at High Light Intensities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659439. [PMID: 33936148 PMCID: PMC8083057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence in source leaves leads to the active degradation of chloroplast components [photosystems, chlorophylls, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)] and plays a key role in the efficient remobilization of nutrients toward sink tissues. However, the progression of leaf senescence can differentially modify the photosynthetic properties of source leaves depending on plant species. In this study, the photosynthetic and respiratory properties of four leaf ranks of oilseed rape describing leaf phenological stages having different sink-source activities were analyzed. To achieve this, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins, Rubisco amounts, and the light response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters coupled to leaf gas exchanges and leaf water content were measured. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and electron transfer rates, Rubisco and chlorophyll levels per leaf area were gradually decreased between young, mature and senescent leaves but they remained highly correlated at saturating light intensities. However, senescent leaves of oilseed rape had a lower intrinsic water use efficiency compared to young and mature leaves at saturating light intensities that was mainly due to higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate with respect to stomatal density and net CO2 assimilation. The results are in favor of a concerted degradation of chloroplast components but a contrasted regulation of water status between leaves of different phenological stages of winter oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younès Dellero
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Université Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Université Paris-Saclay, NAtional Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Université Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Université Paris-Saclay, NAtional Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Leport
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Université Rennes, Le Rheu, France
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22
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Przybyla-Toscano J, Christ L, Keech O, Rouhier N. Iron-sulfur proteins in plant mitochondria: roles and maturation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2014-2044. [PMID: 33301571 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are prosthetic groups ensuring electron transfer reactions, activating substrates for catalytic reactions, providing sulfur atoms for the biosynthesis of vitamins or other cofactors, or having protein-stabilizing effects. Hence, metalloproteins containing these cofactors are essential for numerous and diverse metabolic pathways and cellular processes occurring in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are organelles where the Fe-S cluster demand is high, notably because the activity of the respiratory chain complexes I, II, and III relies on the correct assembly and functioning of Fe-S proteins. Several other proteins or complexes present in the matrix require Fe-S clusters as well, or depend either on Fe-S proteins such as ferredoxins or on cofactors such as lipoic acid or biotin whose synthesis relies on Fe-S proteins. In this review, we have listed and discussed the Fe-S-dependent enzymes or pathways in plant mitochondria including some potentially novel Fe-S proteins identified based on in silico analysis or on recent evidence obtained in non-plant organisms. We also provide information about recent developments concerning the molecular mechanisms involved in Fe-S cluster synthesis and trafficking steps of these cofactors from maturation factors to client apoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Przybyla-Toscano
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loïck Christ
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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23
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Paluch-Lubawa E, Stolarska E, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E. Dark-Induced Barley Leaf Senescence - A Crop System for Studying Senescence and Autophagy Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635619. [PMID: 33790925 PMCID: PMC8005711 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This review synthesizes knowledge on dark-induced barley, attached, leaf senescence (DILS) as a model and discusses the possibility of using this crop system for studying senescence and autophagy mechanisms. It addresses the recent progress made in our understanding of DILS. The following aspects are discussed: the importance of chloroplasts as early targets of DILS, the role of Rubisco as the largest repository of recoverable nitrogen in leaves senescing in darkness, morphological changes of these leaves other than those described for chloroplasts and metabolic modifications associated with them, DILS versus developmental leaf senescence transcriptomic differences, and finally the observation that in DILS autophagy participates in the circulation of cell components and acts as a quality control mechanism during senescence. Despite the progression of macroautophagy, the symptoms of degradation can be reversed. In the review, the question also arises how plant cells regulate stress-induced senescence via autophagy and how the function of autophagy switches between cell survival and cell death.
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24
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Eckstein A, Grzyb J, Hermanowicz P, Zgłobicki P, Łabuz J, Strzałka W, Dziga D, Banaś AK. Arabidopsis Phototropins Participate in the Regulation of Dark-Induced Leaf Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041836. [PMID: 33673252 PMCID: PMC7918785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of plant development, affecting individual organs or the whole organism, and it can be induced by several environmental factors, including shading or darkness. Although inevitable, senescence is a complex and tightly regulated process, ensuring optimal remobilization of nutrients and cellular components from senescing organs. Photoreceptors such as phytochromes and cryptochromes are known to participate in the process of senescence, but the involvement of phototropins has not been studied to date. We investigated the role of these blue light photoreceptors in the senescence of individually darkened Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. We compared several physiological and molecular senescence markers in darkened leaves of wild-type plants and phototropin mutants (phot1, phot2, and phot1phot2). In general, all the symptoms of senescence (lower photochemical activity of photosystem II, photosynthetic pigment degradation, down-regulation of photosynthetic genes, and up-regulation of senescence-associated genes) were less pronounced in phot1phot2, as compared to the wild type, and some also in one of the single mutants, indicating delayed senescence. This points to different mechanisms of phototropin operation in the regulation of senescence-associated processes, either with both photoreceptors acting redundantly, or only one of them, phot1, playing a dominant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Eckstein
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.E.); (P.Z.); (W.S.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Grzyb
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Hermanowicz
- Laboratory of Photobiology, The Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.H.); (J.Ł.)
| | - Piotr Zgłobicki
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.E.); (P.Z.); (W.S.)
| | - Justyna Łabuz
- Laboratory of Photobiology, The Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (P.H.); (J.Ł.)
| | - Wojciech Strzałka
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.E.); (P.Z.); (W.S.)
| | - Dariusz Dziga
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.E.); (P.Z.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Ghifari AS, Teixeira PF, Kmiec B, Pružinská A, Glaser E, Murcha MW. A mitochondrial prolyl aminopeptidase PAP2 releases N-terminal proline and regulates proline homeostasis during stress response. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1182-1194. [PMID: 32920905 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesised in the cytosol and targeted into the organelle via N-terminal targeting peptides that are cleaved upon import. The free targeting peptide is subsequently processed in a stepwise manner, with single amino acids released as final products. Here, we have characterised a proline-cleaving aminopeptidase in Arabidopsis thaliana, prolyl aminopeptidase-2 (PAP2, At3g61540). Activity assays show that PAP2 has a preferred activity to hydrolyse N-terminal proline. Protein localisation studies revealed that PAP2 is exclusively targeted to mitochondria. Characterisation of pap2 mutants show defective pollen, enhanced dark-induced senescence and increased susceptibility to abiotic stresses, which are likely attributed to a reduced level of accumulated free proline. Taken together, these results demonstrate the role of PAP2 in proline cleavage from mitochondrial peptides and proline homeostasis, which is required for the development of male gametophyte, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi S Ghifari
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Pedro F Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Beata Kmiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Adriana Pružinská
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Elzbieta Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Monika W Murcha
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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26
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Characterization of In Vivo Function(s) of Members of the Plant Mitochondrial Carrier Family. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091226. [PMID: 32846873 PMCID: PMC7565455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although structurally related, mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) proteins catalyze the specific transport of a range of diverse substrates including nucleotides, amino acids, dicarboxylates, tricarboxylates, cofactors, vitamins, phosphate and H+. Despite their name, they do not, however, always localize to the mitochondria, with plasma membrane, peroxisomal, chloroplast and thylakoid and endoplasmic reticulum localizations also being reported. The existence of plastid-specific MCF proteins is suggestive that the evolution of these proteins occurred after the separation of the green lineage. That said, plant-specific MCF proteins are not all plastid-localized, with members also situated at the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. While by no means yet comprehensive, the in vivo function of a wide range of these transporters is carried out here, and we discuss the employment of genetic variants of the MCF as a means to provide insight into their in vivo function complementary to that obtained from studies following their reconstitution into liposomes.
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27
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Wheeler KI, Levia DF, Vargas R. Visible and near-infrared hyperspectral indices explain more variation in lower-crown leaf nitrogen concentrations in autumn than in summer. Oecologia 2019; 192:13-27. [PMID: 31773314 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Autumn canopy phenological transitions are increasing in length as a consequence of climate change. Here, we assess how well hyperspectral indices in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths predict nitrogen (N) concentrations in lower-canopy leaves in the autumn phenological transition as they are generally understudied in leaf trait research. Using a Bayesian framework, we tested how well published indices are able to predict N concentrations in Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Liriodendron tulipifera L., and Betula lenta L. from mid-summer through senescence, and how related the indices are to autumn phenological change. No indices were able to determine a trend in differences in N in mid-summer leaves. Indices that included wavelengths in the green and NIR ranges were the first indices able to detect a trend and had among the highest correlations with N concentration in both the last green collection and the senescing collection. Models were unique when indices were fit to data from different phenophases. Indices that focused on only the red edge (i.e., the sharp increase in reflectance between the red and NIR wavelengths) had the strongest explanatory power across the autumn phenological transition, but had less explanatory power for individual collections. These indices, as well as those that have been correlated with chlorophyll (CCI) and carotenoids (PRI), were the strongest descriptors of autumn progression. This study provides insights on challenges and capabilities to monitor a leaf's N concentration throughout and across canopy senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn I Wheeler
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. .,Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Delphis F Levia
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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28
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Launay A, Cabassa-Hourton C, Eubel H, Maldiney R, Guivarc’h A, Crilat E, Planchais S, Lacoste J, Bordenave-Jacquemin M, Clément G, Richard L, Carol P, Braun HP, Lebreton S, Savouré A. Proline oxidation fuels mitochondrial respiration during dark-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6203-6214. [PMID: 31504781 PMCID: PMC6859731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a form of developmentally programmed cell death that allows the remobilization of nutrients and cellular materials from leaves to sink tissues and organs. Among the catabolic reactions that occur upon senescence, little is known about the role of proline catabolism. In this study, the involvement in dark-induced senescence of proline dehydrogenases (ProDHs), which catalyse the first and rate-limiting step of proline oxidation in mitochondria, was investigated using prodh single- and double-mutants with the help of biochemical, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. The presence of ProDH2 in mitochondria was confirmed by mass spectrometry and immunogold labelling in dark-induced leaves of Arabidopsis. The prodh1 prodh2 mutant exhibited enhanced levels of most tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and free amino acids, demonstrating a role of ProDH in mitochondrial metabolism. We also found evidence of the involvement and the importance of ProDH in respiration, with proline as an alternative substrate, and in remobilization of proline during senescence to generate glutamate and energy that can then be exported to sink tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Launay
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Cabassa-Hourton
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Plant Proteomics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Régis Maldiney
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
| | - Anne Guivarc’h
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Crilat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Planchais
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Lacoste
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
- Present address: Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marianne Bordenave-Jacquemin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA-AgroParisTech, Centre INRA Versailles, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Luc Richard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Carol
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Plant Proteomics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandrine Lebreton
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD 242, INRA, PARIS 7, UPEC, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, iEES, Paris, France
- Correspondence: or
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29
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Bovet L, Cheval C, Hilfiker A, Battey J, Langlet D, Broye H, Schwaar J, Ozelley P, Lang G, Bakaher N, Laparra H, Goepfert S. Asparagine Synthesis During Tobacco Leaf Curing. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110492. [PMID: 31718005 PMCID: PMC6918383 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a genetically controlled mechanism that modifies leaf chemistry. This involves significant changes in the accumulation of carbon- and nitrogen-containing compounds, including asparagine through the activity of asparagine synthetases. These enzymes are required for nitrogen re-assimilation and remobilization in plants; however, their mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report how leaf curing—a senescence-induced process that allows tobacco leaves to dry out—modifies the asparagine metabolism. We show that leaf curing strongly alters the concentration of the four main amino acids, asparagine, glutamine, aspartate, and glutamate. We demonstrate that detached tobacco leaf or stalk curing has a different impact on the expression of asparagine synthetase genes and accumulation of asparagine. Additionally, we characterize the main asparagine synthetases involved in the production of asparagine during curing. The expression of ASN1 and ASN5 genes is upregulated during curing. The ASN1-RNAi and ASN5-RNAi tobacco plant lines display significant alterations in the accumulation of asparagine, glutamine, and aspartate relative to wild-type plants. These results support the idea that ASN1 and ASN5 are key regulators of asparagine metabolism during leaf curing.
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30
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Fujiwara MT, Sanjaya A, Itoh RD. Arabidopsis thaliana Leaf Epidermal Guard Cells: A Model for Studying Chloroplast Proliferation and Partitioning in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1403. [PMID: 31737018 PMCID: PMC6831612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The existence of numerous chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells is a general feature of plants. Chloroplast biogenesis and inheritance involve two distinct mechanisms: proliferation of chloroplasts by binary fission and partitioning of chloroplasts into daughter cells during cell division. The mechanism of chloroplast number coordination in a given cell type is a fundamental question. Stomatal guard cells (GCs) in the plant shoot epidermis generally contain several to tens of chloroplasts per cell. Thus far, chloroplast number at the stomatal (GC pair) level has generally been used as a convenient marker for identifying hybrid species or estimating the ploidy level of a given plant tissue. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana leaf GCs represent a useful system for investigating the unexploited aspects of chloroplast number control in plant cells. In contrast to a general notion based on analyses of leaf mesophyll chloroplasts, a small difference was detected in the GC chloroplast number among three Arabidopsis ecotypes (Columbia, Landsberg erecta, and Wassilewskija). Fluorescence microscopy often detected dividing GC chloroplasts with the FtsZ1 ring not only at the early stage of leaf expansion but also at the late stage. Compensatory chloroplast expansion, a phenomenon well documented in leaf mesophyll cells of chloroplast division mutants and transgenic plants, could take place between paired GCs in wild-type leaves. Furthermore, modest chloroplast number per GC as well as symmetric division of guard mother cells for GC formation suggests that Arabidopsis GCs would facilitate the analysis of chloroplast partitioning, based on chloroplast counting at the individual cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto T. Fujiwara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alvin Sanjaya
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuuichi D. Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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31
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Izumi M, Nakamura S, Li N. Autophagic Turnover of Chloroplasts: Its Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms in Response to Sugar Starvation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:280. [PMID: 30967883 PMCID: PMC6439420 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic reactions in chloroplasts convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into starch and soluble sugars during the day. Starch, a transient storage form of sugar, is broken down into sugars as a source for respiratory energy production at night. Chloroplasts thus serve as the main sites of sugar production for photoautotrophic plant growth. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process in eukaryotes that degrades organelles and proteins. Numerous studies have shown that autophagy is actively induced in sugar-starved plants. When photosynthetic sugar production is inhibited by environmental cues, chloroplasts themselves may become an attractive alternative energy source to sugars via their degradation. Here, we summarize the process of autophagic turnover of chloroplasts and its roles in plants in response to sugar starvation. We hypothesize that piecemeal-type chloroplast autophagy is specifically activated in plants in response to sugar starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Izumi
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Sakuya Nakamura
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nan Li
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Hirota T, Izumi M, Wada S, Makino A, Ishida H. Vacuolar Protein Degradation via Autophagy Provides Substrates to Amino Acid Catabolic Pathways as an Adaptive Response to Sugar Starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1363-1376. [PMID: 29390157 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The vacuolar lytic degradation of proteins releases free amino acids that plants can use instead of sugars for respiratory energy production. Autophagy is a major cellular process leading to the transport of proteins into the vacuole for degradation. Here, we examine the contribution of autophagy to the amino acid metabolism response to sugar starvation in mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. During sugar starvation arising from the exposure of wild-type (WT) plants to darkness, autophagic transport of chloroplast stroma, which contains most of the proteins in a leaf, into the vacuolar lumen was induced within 2 d. During this time, the level of soluble proteins, primarily Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), decreased and the amount of free amino acid increased. In dark-treated autophagy-defective (atg) mutants, the decrease of soluble proteins was suppressed, which resulted in the compromised release of basic amino acids, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids. The impairment of BCAA catabolic pathways in the knockout mutants of the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF)/ETF:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (etfqo) complex and the electron donor protein isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (ivdh) caused a reduced tolerance to dark treatment similar to that in the atg mutants. The enhanced accumulation of BCAAs in the ivdh and etfqo mutants during the dark treatment was reduced by additional autophagy deficiency. These results indicate that vacuolar protein degradation via autophagy serves as an adaptive response to disrupted photosynthesis by providing substrates to amino acid catabolic pathways, including BCAA catabolism mediated by IVDH and ETFQO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Hirota
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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Wang Y, Berkowitz O, Selinski J, Xu Y, Hartmann A, Whelan J. Stress responsive mitochondrial proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:28-39. [PMID: 29555593 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade plant mitochondria have emerged as a target, sensor and initiator of signalling cascades to a variety of stress and adverse growth conditions. A combination of various 'omic profiling approaches combined with forward and reverse genetic studies have defined how mitochondria respond to stress and the signalling pathways and regulators of these responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent and -independent pathways, specific metabolites, complex I dysfunction, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway have been proposed to date. These pathways are regulated by kinases (sucrose non-fermenting response like kinase; cyclin dependent protein kinase E 1) and transcription factors from the abscisic acid-related, WRKY and NAC families. A number of independent studies have revealed that these mitochondrial signalling pathways interact with a variety of phytohormone signalling pathways. While this represents significant progress in the last decade there are more pathways to be uncovered. Post-transcriptional/translational regulation is also a likely determinant of the mitochondrial stress response. Unbiased analyses of the expression of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in a variety of stress conditions reveal a modular network exerting a high degree of anterograde control. As abiotic and biotic stresses have significant impact on the yield of important crops such as rice, wheat and barley we will give an outlook of how knowledge gained in Arabidopsis may help to increase crop production and how emerging technologies may contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to recycle intracellular constituents, which are essential for developmental and metabolic transitions; for efficient nutrient reuse; and for the proper disposal of proteins, protein complexes, and even entire organelles that become obsolete or dysfunctional. One major route is autophagy, which employs specialized vesicles to encapsulate and deliver cytoplasmic material to the vacuole for breakdown. In the past decade, the mechanics of autophagy and the scores of components involved in autophagic vesicle assembly have been documented. Now emerging is the importance of dedicated receptors that help recruit appropriate cargo, which in many cases exploit ubiquitylation as a signal. Although operating at a low constitutive level in all plant cells, autophagy is upregulated during senescence and various environmental challenges and is essential for proper nutrient allocation. Its importance to plant metabolism and energy balance in particular places autophagy at the nexus of robust crop performance, especially under suboptimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA;
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Li M, Lee A, Kim KL, Murray J, Shrinidhi A, Sung G, Park KM, Kim K. Autophagy Caught in the Act: A Supramolecular FRET Pair Based on an Ultrastable Synthetic Host-Guest Complex Visualizes Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC); Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37363 Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37363 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Lock Kim
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC); Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37363 Republic of Korea
| | - James Murray
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC); Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37363 Republic of Korea
| | - Annadka Shrinidhi
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC); Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37363 Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Sung
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37363 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeng Min Park
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC); Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37363 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC); Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Pohang 37363 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37363 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology (UST); Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
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36
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Li M, Lee A, Kim KL, Murray J, Shrinidhi A, Sung G, Park KM, Kim K. Autophagy Caught in the Act: A Supramolecular FRET Pair Based on an Ultrastable Synthetic Host-Guest Complex Visualizes Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2120-2125. [PMID: 29266600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular FRET pair based on the ultrahigh binding affinity between cyanine 3 conjugated cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]-Cy3) and cyanine 5 conjugated adamantylamine (AdA-Cy5) was exploited as a new synthetic tool for imaging cellular processes in live cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that CB[7]-Cy3 and AdA-Cy5 were intracellularly translocated and accumulated in lysosomes and mitochondria, respectively. CB[7]-Cy3 and AdA-Cy5 then formed a host-guest complex, reported by a FRET signal, as a result of the fusion of lysosomes and mitochondria. This observation not only indicated that CB[7] forms a stable complex with AdA in a live cell, but also suggested that this FRET pair can visualize dynamic organelle fusion processes, such as those involved in the degradation of mitochondria through autophagy (mitophagy), by virtue of its small size, chemical stability, and ease of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Lock Kim
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - James Murray
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - Annadka Shrinidhi
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Sung
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeng Min Park
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37363, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Hooper CM, Stevens TJ, Saukkonen A, Castleden IR, Singh P, Mann GW, Fabre B, Ito J, Deery MJ, Lilley KS, Petzold CJ, Millar AH, Heazlewood JL, Parsons HT. Multiple marker abundance profiling: combining selected reaction monitoring and data-dependent acquisition for rapid estimation of organelle abundance in subcellular samples. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:1202-1217. [PMID: 29024340 PMCID: PMC5863471 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Measuring changes in protein or organelle abundance in the cell is an essential, but challenging aspect of cell biology. Frequently-used methods for determining organelle abundance typically rely on detection of a very few marker proteins, so are unsatisfactory. In silico estimates of protein abundances from publicly available protein spectra can provide useful standard abundance values but contain only data from tissue proteomes, and are not coupled to organelle localization data. A new protein abundance score, the normalized protein abundance scale (NPAS), expands on the number of scored proteins and the scoring accuracy of lower-abundance proteins in Arabidopsis. NPAS was combined with subcellular protein localization data, facilitating quantitative estimations of organelle abundance during routine experimental procedures. A suite of targeted proteomics markers for subcellular compartment markers was developed, enabling independent verification of in silico estimates for relative organelle abundance. Estimation of relative organelle abundance was found to be reproducible and consistent over a range of tissues and growth conditions. In silico abundance estimations and localization data have been combined into an online tool, multiple marker abundance profiling, available in the SUBA4 toolbox (http://suba.live).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M. Hooper
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA6009Australia
| | | | - Anna Saukkonen
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QRUK
| | - Ian R. Castleden
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA6009Australia
| | - Pragya Singh
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94702USA
| | - Gregory W. Mann
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94702USA
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QRUK
| | - Jun Ito
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94702USA
| | - Michael J Deery
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QRUK
| | | | | | - A. Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA6009Australia
| | - Joshua L. Heazlewood
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94702USA
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Harriet T. Parsons
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QRUK
- Copenhagen University, Plant and Environmental SciencesFrederiksberg1871Denmark
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Efficient Bioimaging with Diaminodicyanoquinodimethanes: Selective Imaging of Epidermal and Stomatal Cells and Insight into the Molecular Level Interactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10583. [PMID: 28878252 PMCID: PMC5587692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced fluorescence emission of diaminodicyanoquinodimethanes (DADQs) in rigid and aggregated states holds great promise for bioimaging applications. This is demonstrated through their efficient application in epidermal and stomatal imaging with selective staining of cell walls and nuclei. Major advantages include the small quantities (a few nmols) of the fluorophore required, choice of DADQs soluble in water and organic solvents, and quick staining of the specimen in buffer-free state and in buffer medium. The molecular level interactions that enable staining are unraveled through isothermal calorimetry, infra-red spectroscopy and microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. It is proposed that DADQs with ionic or H-bonding functionalities bind to the polygalacturonic acid moieties in the epidermal layer; the former can bind also to nucleic acid polyanions. Fluorescence experiments explain the emission enhancement that enables the efficient imaging. DADQs are easy to synthesize, non-cytotoxic, and thermally, chemically and photo-stable, requiring no special storage conditions; preliminary experiments point to their potential utility in imaging different classes of cells.
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39
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Fanello DD, Bartoli CG, Guiamet JJ. Qualitative and quantitative modifications of root mitochondria during senescence of above-ground parts of Arabidopis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 258:112-121. [PMID: 28330554 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This work studied modifications experienced by root mitochondria during whole plant senescence or under light deprivation, using Arabidopsis thaliana plants with YFP tagged to mitochondria. During post-bolting development, root respiratory activity started to decline after aboveground organs (i.e., rosette leaves) had senesced. This suggests that carbohydrate starvation may induce root senescence. Similarly, darkening the whole plant induced a decrease in respiration of roots. This was partially due to a decrease in the number of total mitochondria (YFP-labelled mitochondria) and most probably to a decrease in the quantity of mitochondria with a developed inner membrane potential (ΔΨm, i.e., Mitotracker red- labelled mitochondria). Also, the lower amount of mitochondria with ΔΨm compared to YFP-labelled mitochondria at 10d of whole darkened plant, suggests the presence of mitochondria in a "standby state". The experiments also suggest that small mitochondria made the main contribution to the respiratory activity that was lost during root senescence. Sugar supplementation partially restored the respiration of mitochondria after 10d of whole plant dark treatment. These results suggest that root senescence is triggered by carbohydrate starvation, with loss of ΔΨm mitochondria and changes in mitochondrial size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Darío Fanello
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, cc 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Guillermo Bartoli
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, cc 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan José Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, cc 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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40
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Fu S, Li L, Kang H, Yang X, Men S, Shen Y. Chronic mitochondrial calcium elevation suppresses leaf senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:672-677. [PMID: 28442347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria Ca2+ overload has long been recognized as a cell death trigger. Unexpectedly, we demonstrated a signaling complex composed of Calmodulin (CaM), Arabidopsis thaliana Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5 (AtBAG5) and Heat-shock cognate 70 protein (Hsc70) within Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria which transduces mitochondria Ca2+ elevations to suppress leaf senescence. Gain- and loss-of-function AtBAG5 mutant plants revealed that, mitochondria Ca2+ elevation significantly increase chlorophyll retention and decrease H2O2 level in dark-induced leaf senescence assay. Based on our findings, we proposed a molecular mechanism in which chronic mitochondria Ca2+ elevation reduced ROS levels and thus inhibits leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Luhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huimin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shuzhen Men
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
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41
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Danilova MN, Kudryakova NV, Doroshenko AS, Zabrodin DA, Rakhmankulova ZF, Oelmüller R, Kusnetsov VV. Opposite roles of the Arabidopsis cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 in the expression of plastid genes and genes for the plastid transcriptional machinery during senescence. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:533-546. [PMID: 28150126 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin membrane receptors of the Arabidopsis thaliana AHK2 and AHK3 play opposite roles in the expression of plastid genes and genes for the plastid transcriptional machinery during leaf senescence Loss-of-function mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were used to study the role of cytokinin receptors in the expression of chloroplast genes during leaf senescence. Accumulation of transcripts of several plastid-encoded genes is dependent on the АНК2/АНК3 receptor combination. АНК2 is particularly important at the final stage of plant development and, unlike АНК3, a positive regulator of leaf senescence. Cytokinin-dependent up-regulation of the nuclear encoded genes for chloroplast RNA polymerases RPOTp and RPOTmp suggests that the hormone controls plastid gene expression, at least in part, via the expression of nuclear genes for the plastid transcription machinery. This is further supported by cytokinin dependent regulation of genes for the nuclear encoded plastid σ-factors, SIG1-6, which code for components of the transcriptional apparatus in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Danilova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Natalia V Kudryakova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Anastasia S Doroshenko
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Zabrodin
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Zulfira F Rakhmankulova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor V Kusnetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Kohzuma K, Froehlich JE, Davis GA, Temple JA, Minhas D, Dhingra A, Cruz JA, Kramer DM. The Role of Light-Dark Regulation of the Chloroplast ATP Synthase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1248. [PMID: 28791032 PMCID: PMC5522872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast ATP synthase catalyzes the light-driven synthesis of ATP and is activated in the light and inactivated in the dark by redox-modulation through the thioredoxin system. It has been proposed that this down-regulation is important for preventing wasteful hydrolysis of ATP in the dark. To test this proposal, we compared the effects of extended dark exposure in Arabidopsis lines expressing the wild-type and mutant forms of ATP synthase that are redox regulated or constitutively active. In contrast to the predictions of the model, we observed that plants with wild-type redox regulation lost photosynthetic capacity rapidly in darkness, whereas those expressing redox-insensitive form were far more stable. To explain these results, we propose that in wild-type plants, down-regulation of ATP synthase inhibits ATP hydrolysis, leading to dissipation of thylakoid proton motive force (pmf) and subsequent inhibition of protein transport across the thylakoid through the twin arginine transporter (Tat)-dependent and Sec-dependent import pathways, resulting in the selective loss of specific protein complexes. By contrast, in mutants with a redox-insensitive ATP synthase, pmf is maintained by ATP hydrolysis, thus allowing protein transport to maintain photosynthetic activities for extended periods in the dark. Hence, a basal level of Tat-dependent, as well as, Sec-dependent import activity, in the dark helps replenishes certain components of the photosynthetic complexes and thereby aids in maintaining overall complex activity. However, the influence of a dark pmf on thylakoid protein import, by itself, could not explain all the effects we observed in this study. For example, we also observed in wild type plants a large transient buildup of thylakoid pmf and nonphotochemical exciton quenching upon sudden illumination of dark adapted plants. Therefore, we conclude that down-regulation of the ATP synthase is probably not related to preventing loss of ATP per se. Instead, ATP synthase redox regulation may be impacting a number of cellular processes such as (1) the accumulation of chloroplast proteins and/or ions or (2) the responses of photosynthesis to rapid changes in light intensity. A model highlighting the complex interplay between ATP synthase regulation and pmf in maintaining various chloroplast functions in the dark is presented. Significance Statement: We uncover an unexpected role for thioredoxin modulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase in regulating the dark-stability of the photosynthetic apparatus, most likely by controlling thylakoid membrane transport of proteins and ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kohzuma
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - John E. Froehlich
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- *Correspondence: John E. Froehlich,
| | - Geoffry A. Davis
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Joshua A. Temple
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Deepika Minhas
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, WashingtonDC, United States
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, WashingtonDC, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Cruz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - David M. Kramer
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
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43
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Li L, Kubiszewski-Jakubiak S, Radomiljac J, Wang Y, Law SR, Keech O, Narsai R, Berkowitz O, Duncan O, Murcha MW, Whelan J. Characterization of a novel β-barrel protein (AtOM47) from the mitochondrial outer membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6061-6075. [PMID: 27811077 PMCID: PMC5100019 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, mitochondria are major providers of energy and building blocks for growth and development as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. They are encircled by two lipid membranes containing proteins that control mitochondrial function through the import of macromolecules and metabolites. Characterization of a novel β-barrel protein, OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN 47 (OM47), unique to the green lineage and related to the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) protein family, showed that OM47 can complement a VDAC mutant in yeast. Mutation of OM47 in Arabidopsis thaliana by T-DNA insertion had no effect on the import of proteins, such as the β-barrel proteins translocase of the outer membrane 40 (TOM40) or sorting and assembly machinery 50 (SAM50), into mitochondria. Molecular and physiological analyses revealed a delay in chlorophyll breakdown, higher levels of starch, and a delay in the induction of senescence marker genes in the mutant lines. While there was a reduction of >90% in OM47 protein in mitochondria isolated from 3-week-old om47 mutants, in mitochondria isolated from 8-week-old plants OM47 levels were similar to that of the wild type. This recovery was achieved by an up-regulation of OM47 transcript abundance in the mutants. Combined, these results highlight a role in leaf senescence for this plant-specific β-barrel protein, probably mediating the recovery and recycling of chloroplast breakdown products by transporting metabolic intermediates into and out of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Szymon Kubiszewski-Jakubiak
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009 Australia
| | - Jordan Radomiljac
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Simon R Law
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Reena Narsai
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Owen Duncan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009 Australia
| | - Monika W Murcha
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009 Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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Liebsch D, Keech O. Dark-induced leaf senescence: new insights into a complex light-dependent regulatory pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:563-570. [PMID: 27716940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
563 I. 563 II. 564 III. 564 IV. 565 V. 565 VI. 567 VII. 567 568 References 568 SUMMARY: Leaf senescence - the coordinated, active process leading to the organized dismantling of cellular components to remobilize resources - is a fundamental aspect of plant life. Its tight regulation is essential for plant fitness and has crucial implications for the optimization of plant productivity and storage properties. Various investigations have shown light deprivation and light perception via phytochromes as key elements modulating senescence. However, the signalling pathways linking light deprivation and actual senescence processes have long remained obscure. Recent analyses have demonstrated that PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) are major transcription factors orchestrating dark-induced senescence (DIS) by targeting chloroplast maintenance, chlorophyll metabolism, hormone signalling and production, and the expression of senescence master regulators, uncovering potential molecular links to the energy deprivation signalling pathway. PIF-dependent feed-forward regulatory modules might be of critical importance for the highly complex and initially light-reversible DIS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liebsch
- Department of Plant Physiology, UPSC, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
| | - Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, UPSC, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden.
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45
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Li L, Xing Y, Chang D, Fang S, Cui B, Li Q, Wang X, Guo S, Yang X, Men S, Shen Y. CaM/BAG5/Hsc70 signaling complex dynamically regulates leaf senescence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31889. [PMID: 27539741 PMCID: PMC4990970 DOI: 10.1038/srep31889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling plays an essential role in plant cell physiology, and chaperone-mediated protein folding directly regulates plant programmed cell death. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein AtBAG5 (Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5) is unique in that it contains both a BAG domain capable of binding Hsc70 (Heat shock cognate protein 70) and a characteristic IQ motif that is specific for Ca(2+)-free CaM (Calmodulin) binding and hence acts as a hub linking calcium signaling and the chaperone system. Here, we determined crystal structures of AtBAG5 alone and in complex with Ca(2+)-free CaM. Structural and biochemical studies revealed that Ca(2+)-free CaM and Hsc70 bind AtBAG5 independently, whereas Ca(2+)-saturated CaM and Hsc70 bind AtBAG5 with negative cooperativity. Further in vivo studies confirmed that AtBAG5 localizes to mitochondria and that its overexpression leads to leaf senescence symptoms including decreased chlorophyll retention and massive ROS production in dark-induced plants. Mutants interfering the CaM/AtBAG5/Hsc70 complex formation leads to different phenotype of leaf senescence. Collectively, we propose that the CaM/AtBAG5/Hsc70 signaling complex plays an important role in regulating plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yangfei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shasha Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Boyang Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuejie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuzhen Men
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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Wang F, Liu J, Chen M, Zhou L, Li Z, Zhao Q, Pan G, Zaidi SHR, Cheng F. Involvement of Abscisic Acid in PSII Photodamage and D1 Protein Turnover for Light-Induced Premature Senescence of Rice Flag Leaves. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161203. [PMID: 27532299 PMCID: PMC4988704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
D1 protein in the PSII reaction center is the major target of photodamage, and it exhibits the highest turnover rate among all the thylakoid proteins. In this paper, rice psf (premature senescence of flag leaves) mutant and its wild type were used to investigate the genotype-dependent alteration in PSII photo-damage and D1 protein turnover during leaf senescence and its relation to ABA accumulation in senescent leaves. The symptom and extent of leaf senescence of the psf mutant appeared to be sunlight-dependent under natural field condition. The psf also displayed significantly higher levels of ABA accumulation in senescent leaves than the wild type. However, the premature senescence lesion of psf leaves could be alleviated by shaded treatment, concomitantly with the strikingly suppressed ABA level in the shaded areas of flag leaves. The change in ABA concentration contributed to the regulation of shade-delayed leaf senescence. The participation of ABA in the timing of senescence initiation and in the subsequent rate of leaf senescence was closely associated with PSII photodamage and D1 protein turnover during leaf senescence, in which the transcriptional expression of several key genes (psbA, psbB, psbC and OsFtsH2) involved in D1 protein biosynthesis and PSII repair cycle was seriously suppressed by the significantly increased ABA level. This response resulted in the low rate of D1 protein synthesis and impaired repair recovery in the presence of ABA. The psf showed evidently decreased D1 protein amount in the senescent leaves. Both the inhibition of de novo synthesized D1 protein and the slow rate of proteolytic removal for the photodamaged D1 protein was among the most crucial steps for the linkage between light-dependent leaf senescence and the varying ABA concentration in psf mutant leaves. OsFtsH2 transcriptional expression possibly played an important role in the regulation of D1 protein turnover and PSII repair cycle in relation to ABA mediated leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubiao Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaowei Li
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Syed-Hassan-Raza Zaidi
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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47
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Diaz-Mendoza M, Velasco-Arroyo B, Santamaria ME, González-Melendi P, Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant senescence and proteolysis: two processes with one destiny. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:329-38. [PMID: 27505308 PMCID: PMC5004835 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence-associated proteolysis in plants is a complex and controlled process,
essential for mobilization of nutrients from old or stressed tissues, mainly leaves,
to growing or sink organs. Protein breakdown in senescing leaves involves many
plastidial and nuclear proteases, regulators, different subcellular locations and
dynamic protein traffic to ensure the complete transformation of proteins of high
molecular weight into transportable and useful hydrolysed products. Protease
activities are strictly regulated by specific inhibitors and through the activation
of zymogens to develop their proteolytic activity at the right place and at the
proper time. All these events associated with senescence have deep effects on the
relocation of nutrients and as a consequence, on grain quality and crop yield. Thus,
it can be considered that nutrient recycling is the common destiny of two processes,
plant senescence and, proteolysis. This review article covers the most recent
findings about leaf senescence features mediated by abiotic and biotic stresses as
well as the participants and steps required in this physiological process, paying
special attention to C1A cysteine proteases, their specific inhibitors, known as
cystatins, and their potential targets, particularly the chloroplastic proteins as
source for nitrogen recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Li Y, Chang Y, Zhao C, Yang H, Ren D. Expression of the inactive ZmMEK1 induces salicylic acid accumulation and salicylic acid-dependent leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:724-36. [PMID: 26822341 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final leaf developmental process that is regulated by both intracellular factors and environmental conditions. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades have been shown to play important roles in regulating leaf senescence; however, the component(s) downstream of the MAPK cascades in regulating leaf senescence are not fully understood. Here we showed that the transcriptions of ZmMEK1, ZmSIMK1, and ZmMPK3 were induced during dark-induced maize leaf senescence. Furthermore, in-gel kinase analysis revealed the 42 kDa MAPK was activated. ZmMEK1 interacted with ZmSIMK1 in yeast and maize mesophyll protoplasts and ZmSIMK1 was activated by ZmMEK1 in vitro. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of ZmMEK1 in Arabidopsis transgenic plants induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and SA-dependent leaf senescence. ZmMEK1 interacted with Arabidopsis MPK4 in yeast and activated MPK4 in vitro. SA treatment accelerated dark-induced maize leaf senescence. Moreover, blockage of MAPK signaling increased endogenous SA accumulation in maize leaves. These findings suggest that ZmMEK1-ZmSIMK1 cascade and its modulating SA levels play important roles in regulating leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongchong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hailian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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49
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Velasco-Arroyo B, Diaz-Mendoza M, Gandullo J, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Santamaria ME, Dominguez-Figueroa JD, Hensel G, Martinez M, Kumlehn J, Diaz I. HvPap-1 C1A protease actively participates in barley proteolysis mediated by abiotic stresses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4297-310. [PMID: 27217548 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein breakdown and mobilization from old or stressed tissues to growing and sink organs are some of the metabolic features associated with abiotic/biotic stresses, essential for nutrient recycling. The massive degradation of proteins implies numerous proteolytic events in which cysteine-proteases are the most abundant key players. Analysing the role of barley C1A proteases in response to abiotic stresses is crucial due to their impact on plant growth and grain yield and quality. In this study, dark and nitrogen starvation treatments were selected to induce stress in barley. Results show that C1A proteases participate in the proteolytic processes triggered in leaves by both abiotic treatments, which strongly induce the expression of the HvPap-1 gene encoding a cathepsin F-like protease. Differences in biochemical parameters and C1A gene expression were found when comparing transgenic barley plants overexpressing or silencing the HvPap-1 gene and wild-type dark-treated leaves. These findings associated with morphological changes evidence a lifespan-delayed phenotype of HvPap-1 silenced lines. All these data elucidate on the role of this protease family in response to abiotic stresses and the potential of their biotechnological manipulation to control the timing of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacinto Gandullo
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose D Dominguez-Figueroa
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr.3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr.3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Autovia M40 (km 38), Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Yamashita A, Fujimoto M, Katayama K, Yamaoka S, Tsutsumi N, Arimura SI. Formation of Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Derived Protrusions and Vesicles in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146717. [PMID: 26752045 PMCID: PMC4713473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that have inner and outer membranes. In plants, the inner membrane has been well studied but relatively little is known about the outer membrane. Here we report that Arabidopsis cells have mitochondrial outer membrane-derived structures, some of which protrude from the main body of mitochondria (mitochondrial outer-membrane protrusions; MOPs), while others form vesicle-like structures without a matrix marker. The latter vesicle-like structures are similar to some mammalian MDVs (mitochondrial-derived vesicles). Live imaging demonstrated that a plant MDV budded off from the tip of a MOP. MDVs were also observed in the drp3a drp3b double mutant, indicating that they could be formed without the mitochondrial fission factors DRP3A and DRP3B. Double staining studies showed that the MDVs were not peroxisomes, endosomes, Golgi apparatus or trans-Golgi network (TGN). The numbers of MDVs and MOPs increased in senescent leaves and after dark treatment. Together, these results suggest that MDVs and MOPs are related to leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamashita
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Katayama
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamaoka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- * E-mail:
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