1
|
Liu C, Wang T, Chen H, Ma X, Jiao C, Cui D, Han B, Li X, Jiao A, Ruan R, Xue D, Wang Y, Han L. Genomic footprints of Kam Sweet Rice domestication indicate possible migration routes of the Dong people in China and provide resources for future rice breeding. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:415-431. [PMID: 36578210 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Dong people are one of China's 55 recognized ethnic minorities, but there has been a long-standing debate about their origins. In this study, we performed whole-genome resequencing of Kam Sweet Rice (KSR), a valuable, rare, and ancient rice landrace unique to the Dong people. Through comparative genomic analyses of KSR and other rice landraces from south of the Yangtze River Basin in China, we provide evidence that the ancestors of the Dong people likely originated from the southeast coast of China at least 1000 years ago. Alien introgression and admixture in KSR demonstrated multiple migration events in the history of the Dong people. Genomic footprints of domestication demonstrated characteristics of KSR that arose from artificial selection and geographical adaptation by the Dong people. The key genes GS3, Hd1, and DPS1 (related to agronomic traits) and LTG1 and MYBS3 (related to cold tolerance) were identified as domestication targets, reflecting crop improvement and changes in the geographical environment of the Dong people during migration. A genome-wide association study revealed a candidate yield-associated gene, Os01g0923300, a specific haplotype in KSR that is important for regulating grain number per panicle. RNA-sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR results showed that this gene was more highly expressed in KSR than in ancestral populations, indicating that it may have great value in increasing yield potential in other rice accessions. In summary, our work develops a novel approach for studying human civilization and migration patterns and provides valuable genomic datasets and resources for future breeding of high-yield and climate-resilient rice varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Smartgenomics Technology Institute, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Huicha Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengzhi Jiao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Cui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Aixia Jiao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Renchao Ruan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dayuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Longzhi Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang F, Yu Z, Zhang M, Wang M, Lu X, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang X, Tan B, Li C, Ding Z. ZmTE1 promotes plant height by regulating intercalary meristem formation and internode cell elongation in maize. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:526-537. [PMID: 34687251 PMCID: PMC8882779 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize height is determined by the number of nodes and the length of internodes. Node number is driven by intercalary meristem formation and internode length by intercalary cell elongation, respectively. However, mechanisms regulating establishment of nodes and internode growth are unclear. We screened EMS-induced maize mutants and identified a dwarf mutant zm66, linked to a single base change in TERMINAL EAR 1 (ZmTE1). Detailed phenotypic analysis revealed that zm66 (zmte1-2) has shorter internodes and increased node numbers, caused by decreased cell elongation and disordered intercalary meristem formation, respectively. Transcriptome analysis showed that auxin signalling genes are also dysregulated in zmte1-2, as are cell elongation and cell cycle-related genes. This argues that ZmTE1 regulates auxin signalling, cell division, and cell elongation. We found that the ZmWEE1 kinase phosphorylates ZmTE1, thus confining it to the nucleus and probably reducing cell division. In contrast, the ZmPP2Ac-2 phosphatase promotes dephosphorylation and cytoplasmic localization of ZmTE1, as well as cell division. Taken together, ZmTE1, a key regulator of plant height, is responsible for maintaining organized formation of internode meristems and rapid cell elongation. ZmWEE1 and ZmPP2Ac-2 might balance ZmTE1 activity, controlling cell division and elongation to maintain normal maize growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Zipeng Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Maolin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Mengli Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- School of Life ScienceAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xia Liu
- Maize Research InstituteShandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow‐huai River PlainMinistry of AgricultureJinanChina
| | - Yubin Li
- College of AgronomyQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Bao‐cai Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Cuiling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kandpal M, Vishwakarma C, Krishnan K, Chinnusamy V, Pareek A, Sharma MK, Sharma R. Gene Expression Dynamics in Rice Peduncles at the Heading Stage. Front Genet 2020; 11:584678. [PMID: 33343630 PMCID: PMC7744745 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.584678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving grain yield in the staple food crop rice has been long sought goal of plant biotechnology. One of the traits with significant impact on rice breeding programs is peduncle elongation at the time of heading failing which leads to significant reduction in grain yield due to incomplete panicle exsertion. To decipher transcriptional dynamics and molecular players underlying peduncle elongation, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of elongating and non-elongating peduncles in two Indian cultivars, Swarna and Pokkali, at the time of heading. Along with genes associated with cell division and cell wall biosynthesis, we observed significant enrichment of genes associated with auxins, gibberellins, and brassinosteroid biosynthesis/signaling in the elongating peduncles before heading in both the genotypes. Similarly, genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and mobilization, abiotic stress response along with cytokinin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene biosynthesis/signaling were enriched in non-elongating peduncles post heading. Significant enrichment of genes belonging to key transcription factor families highlights their specialized roles in peduncle elongation and grain filling before and after heading, respectively. A comparison with anther/pollen development-related genes provided 76 candidates with overlapping roles in anther/pollen development and peduncle elongation. Some of these are important for carbohydrate remobilization to the developing grains. These can be engineered to combat with incomplete panicle exsertion in male sterile lines and manipulate carbohydrate dynamics in grasses. Overall, this study provides baseline information about potential target genes for engineering peduncle elongation with implications on plant height, biomass composition and grain yields in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kandpal
- Grass Genetics and Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrapal Vishwakarma
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kushagra Krishnan
- Grass Genetics and Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj K. Sharma
- Grass Genetics and Informatics Group, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rita Sharma
- Grass Genetics and Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Su Y, Kong X, Ding Z, Zhang XS. Initiation and maintenance of plant stem cells in root and shoot apical meristems. ABIOTECH 2020; 1:194-204. [PMID: 36303567 PMCID: PMC9590467 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant stem cells are a small group of cells with a self-renewal capacity and serve as a steady supply of precursor cells to form new differentiated tissues and organs in plants. Root stem cells and shoot stem cells, which are located in the root apical meristem and in the shoot apical meristem, respectively, play a critical role in plant longitudinal growth. These stem cells in shoot and root apical meristems remain as pluripotent state throughout the lifespan of the plant and control the growth and development of plants. The molecular mechanisms of initiation and maintenance of plant stem cells have been extensively investigated. In this review, we mainly discuss how the plant phytohormones, such as auxin and cytokinin, coordinate with the key transcription factors to regulate plant stem cell initiation and maintenance in root and shoot apical meristems. In addition, we highlight the common regulatory mechanisms of both root and shoot apical meristems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong China
| | - Yinghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Xiangpei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Hou X, Liu Y, Zheng L, Yi Q, Zhang H, Huang X, Zhang J, Hu Y, Yu G, Liu H, Li Y, Huang H, Zhan F, Chen L, Tang J, Huang Y. Maize brachytic2 (br2) suppresses the elongation of lower internodes for excessive auxin accumulation in the intercalary meristem region. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:589. [PMID: 31881837 PMCID: PMC6935237 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short internodes contribute to plant dwarfism, which is exceedingly beneficial for crop production. However, the underlying mechanisms of internode elongation are complicated and have been not fully understood. RESULTS Here, we report a maize dwarf mutant, dwarf2014 (d2014), which displays shortened lower internodes. Map-based cloning revealed that the d2014 gene is a novel br2 allele with a splicing variation, resulting in a higher expression of BR2-T02 instead of normal BR2-T01. Then, we found that the internode elongation in d2014/br2 exhibited a pattern of inhibition-normality-inhibition (transient for the ear-internode), correspondingly, at the 6-leaf, 12-leaf and 14-leaf stages. Indeed, BR2 encodes a P-glycoprotein1 (PGP1) protein that functions in auxin efflux, and our in situ hybridization assay showed that BR2 was mainly expressed in vascular bundles of the node and internode. Furthermore, significantly higher auxin concentration was detected in the stem apex of d2014 at the 6-leaf stage and strictly in the node region for the ear-internode at the 14-leaf stage. In such context, we propose that BR2/PGP1 transports auxin from node to internode through the vascular bundles, and excessive auxin accumulation in the node (immediately next to the intercalary meristem) region suppresses internode elongation of d2014. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that low auxin levels mediated by BR2/PGP1 in the intercalary meristem region are crucial for internode elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianbin Hou
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lanjie Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Yi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinrong Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guowu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Feilong Zhan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Yubi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
MULTI-TILLERING DWARF1, a new allele of BRITTLE CULM 12, affects plant height and tiller in rice. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Ren D, Rao Y, Wu L, Xu Q, Li Z, Yu H, Zhang Y, Leng Y, Hu J, Zhu L, Gao Z, Dong G, Zhang G, Guo L, Zeng D, Qian Q. The pleiotropic ABNORMAL FLOWER AND DWARF1 affects plant height, floral development and grain yield in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:529-39. [PMID: 26486996 PMCID: PMC5064741 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Moderate plant height and successful establishment of reproductive organs play pivotal roles in rice grain production. The molecular mechanism that controls the two aspects remains unclear in rice. In the present study, we characterized a rice gene, ABNORMAL FLOWER AND DWARF1 (AFD1) that determined plant height, floral development and grain yield. The afd1 mutant showed variable defects including the dwarfism, long panicle, low seed setting and reduced grain yield. In addition, abnormal floral organs were also observed in the afd1 mutant including slender and thick hulls, and hull-like lodicules. AFD1 encoded a DUF640 domain protein and was expressed in all tested tissues and organs. Subcellular localization showed AFD1-green fluorescent fusion protein (GFP) was localized in the nucleus. Meantime, our results suggested that AFD1 regulated the expression of cell division and expansion related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yuchun Rao
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiankun Xu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zizhuang Li
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Haiping Yu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yujia Leng
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Avila LM, Cerrudo D, Swanton C, Lukens L. Brevis plant1, a putative inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase, is required for internode elongation in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1577-88. [PMID: 26767748 PMCID: PMC4762392 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In maize (Zea mays L.), as in other grass species, stem elongation occurs during growth and most noticeably upon the transition to flowering. Genes that reduce stem elongation have been important to reduce stem breakage, or lodging. Stem elongation has been mediated by dwarf and brachytic/brevis plant mutants that affect giberellic acid and auxin pathways, respectively. Maize brevis plant1 (bv1) mutants, first identified over 80 years ago, strongly resemble brachytic2 mutants that have shortened internodes, short internode cells, and are deficient in auxin transport. Here, we characterized two novel bv1 maize mutants. We found that an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase orthologue of the rice gene dwarf50 was the molecular basis for the bv1 phenotype, implicating auxin-mediated inositol polyphosphate and/or phosphoinositide signalling in stem elongation. We suggest that auxin-mediated internode elongation involves processes that also contribute to stem gravitropism. Genes misregulated in bv1 mutants included genes important for cell wall synthesis, transmembrane transport, and cytoskeletal function. Mutant and wild-type plants were indistinguishable early in development, responded similarly to changes in light quality, had unaltered flowering times, and had normal flower development. These attributes suggest that breeding could utilize bv1 alleles to increase crop grain yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Avila
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Diego Cerrudo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Clarence Swanton
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lewis Lukens
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peng HY, Qi YP, Lee J, Yang LT, Guo P, Jiang HX, Chen LS. Proteomic analysis of Citrus sinensis roots and leaves in response to long-term magnesium-deficiency. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:253. [PMID: 25887480 PMCID: PMC4383213 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg)-deficiency is frequently observed in Citrus plantations and is responsible for the loss of productivity and poor fruit quality. Knowledge on the effects of Mg-deficiency on upstream targets is scarce. Seedlings of 'Xuegan' [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were irrigated with Mg-deficient (0 mM MgSO4) or Mg-sufficient (1 mM MgSO4) nutrient solution for 16 weeks. Thereafter, we first investigated the proteomic responses of C. sinensis roots and leaves to Mg-deficiency using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in order to (a) enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plants to deal with Mg-deficiency and (b) understand the molecular mechanisms by which Mg-deficiency lead to a decrease in photosynthesis. RESULTS Fifty-nine upregulated and 31 downregulated protein spots were isolated in Mg-deficient leaves, while only 19 upregulated and 12 downregulated protein spots in Mg-deficient roots. Many Mg-deficiency-responsive proteins were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, followed by protein metabolism, stress responses, nucleic acid metabolism, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, lipid metabolism and cell transport. The larger changes in leaf proteome versus root one in response to Mg-deficiency was further supported by our observation that total soluble protein concentration was decreased by Mg-deficiency in leaves, but unaffected in roots. Mg-deficiency had decreased levels of proteins [i.e. ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), rubisco activase, oxygen evolving enhancer protein 1, photosynthetic electron transfer-like protein, ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR), aldolase] involved in photosynthesis, thus decreasing leaf photosynthesis. To cope with Mg-deficiency, C. sinensis leaves and roots might respond adaptively to Mg-deficiency through: improving leaf respiration and lowering root respiration, but increasing (decreasing) the levels of proteins related to ATP synthase in roots (leaves); enhancing the levels of proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and other stress-responsive proteins; accelerating proteolytic cleavage of proteins by proteases, protein transport and amino acid metabolism; and upregulating the levels of proteins involved in cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that proteomics were more affected by long-term Mg-deficiency in leaves than in roots, and that the adaptive responses differed between roots and leaves when exposed to long-term Mg-deficiency. Mg-deficiency decreased the levels of many proteins involved in photosynthesis, thus decreasing leaf photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Peng
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, ROK.
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Huan-Xin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|