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Silva-Sánchez A, Meza-Pérez S, Flores-Langarica A, Donis-Maturano L, Estrada-García I, Calderón-Amador J, Hernández-Pando R, Idoyaga J, Steinman RM, Flores-Romo L. ESAT-6 Targeting to DEC205+ Antigen Presenting Cells Induces Specific-T Cell Responses against ESAT-6 and Reduces Pulmonary Infection with Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124828. [PMID: 25915045 PMCID: PMC4411092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airways infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is contained mostly by T cell responses, however, Mtb has developed evasion mechanisms which affect antigen presenting cell (APC) maturation/recruitment delaying the onset of Ag-specific T cell responses. Hypothetically, bypassing the natural infection routes by delivering antigens directly to APCs may overcome the pathogen's naturally evolved evasion mechanisms, thus facilitating the induction of protective immune responses. We generated a murine monoclonal fusion antibody (α-DEC-ESAT) to deliver Early Secretory Antigen Target (ESAT)-6 directly to DEC205+ APCs and to assess its in vivo effects on protection associated responses (IFN-γ production, in vivo CTL killing, and pulmonary mycobacterial load). Treatment with α-DEC-ESAT alone induced ESAT-6-specific IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells and prime-boost immunization prior to Mtb infection resulted in early influx (d14 post-infection) and increased IFN-γ+ production by specific T cells in the lungs, compared to scarce IFN-γ production in control mice. In vivo CTL killing was quantified in relevant tissues upon transferring target cells loaded with mycobacterial antigens. During infection, α-DEC-ESAT-treated mice showed increased target cell killing in the lungs, where histology revealed cellular infiltrate and considerably reduced bacterial burden. Targeting the mycobacterial antigen ESAT-6 to DEC205+ APCs before infection expands specific T cell clones responsible for early T cell responses (IFN-γ production and CTL activity) and substantially reduces lung bacterial burden. Delivering mycobacterial antigens directly to APCs provides a unique approach to study in vivo the role of APCs and specific T cell responses to assess their potential anti-mycobacterial functions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Bacterial Load
- Bacterial Proteins/chemistry
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flow Cytometry
- Immunization
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity
- Peptides/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Silva-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Department of Immunology, ENCB-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Selene Meza-Pérez
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Department of Immunology, ENCB-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Flores-Langarica
- Physiology and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Physiology and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ralph M. Steinman
- Physiology and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Thirunavukkarasu S, de Silva K, Plain KM, J Whittington R. Role of host- and pathogen-associated lipids in directing the immune response in mycobacterial infections, with emphasis on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:262-75. [PMID: 25163812 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.932327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria have a complex cell wall with a high lipid content that confers unique advantages for bacterial survival in the hostile host environment, leading to long-term infection. There is a wealth of evidence suggesting the role cell wall-associated lipid antigens play at the host-pathogen interface by contributing to bacterial virulence. One pathway that pathogenic mycobacteria use to subvert host immune pathways to their advantage is host cholesterol/lipid homeostasis. This review focuses on the possible role of pathogen- and host-associated lipids in the survival and persistence of pathogenic mycobacteria with emphasis on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. We draw upon literature in diverse areas of infectious and metabolic diseases and explain a mechanism by which mycobacterial-induced changes in the host cellular energy state could account for phenomena that are a hallmark of chronic mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumudika de Silva
- a Faculty of Veterinary Science , University of Sydney , Camden , Australia
| | - Karren M Plain
- a Faculty of Veterinary Science , University of Sydney , Camden , Australia
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Leunda A, Baldo A, Goossens M, Huygen K, Herman P, Romano M. Novel GMO-Based Vaccines against Tuberculosis: State of the Art and Biosafety Considerations. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:463-99. [PMID: 26344627 PMCID: PMC4494264 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel efficient vaccines are needed to control tuberculosis (TB), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several TB vaccine candidates are currently in clinical and preclinical development. They fall into two categories, the one of candidates designed as a replacement of the Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) to be administered to infants and the one of sub-unit vaccines designed as booster vaccines. The latter are designed as vaccines that will be administered to individuals already vaccinated with BCG (or in the future with a BCG replacement vaccine). In this review we provide up to date information on novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines in development focusing on the risk assessment of candidates composed of genetically modified organisms (GMO) which are currently evaluated in clinical trials. Indeed, these vaccines administered to volunteers raise biosafety concerns with respect to human health and the environment that need to be assessed and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Leunda
- Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Health, 14 Juliette Wytsman Street, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Aline Baldo
- Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Health, 14 Juliette Wytsman Street, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Martine Goossens
- Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Health, 14 Juliette Wytsman Street, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Kris Huygen
- Immunology Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Health, 642 Engeland Street, Brussels 1180, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Herman
- Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Health, 14 Juliette Wytsman Street, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Marta Romano
- Immunology Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Health, 642 Engeland Street, Brussels 1180, Belgium.
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Roy CJ, Reed DS, Hutt JA. Aerobiology and inhalation exposure to biological select agents and toxins. Vet Pathol 2010; 47:779-89. [PMID: 20682804 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810378650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol is the most likely route of dissemination of biological select agents and toxins in a bioterrorist attack, regardless of the natural route of exposure to the agent. The use of animal models for testing preventative and therapeutic countermeasures requires knowledge of the pathogenesis of disease after inhalation exposure. Factors that relate to outcome after respiratory exposure include the inherent infectivity and virulence and/or toxicity of the agent in the host under investigation, in addition to characteristics of the aerosol particle and host that affect the delivered dose of, and host response to, the inhaled material. This introductory article discusses the emerging science of aerobiology and the unique features of respiratory tract anatomy, physiology, and immunology that are relevant to the pathogenesis of aerosolized biothreat agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Roy
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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