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Jordan TJM, Mamo LB, Olivry T, Liu Z, Bizikova P. Re-evaluating the prevalence of anti-desmocollin-1 IgA autoantibodies in canine pemphigus foliaceus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 273:110773. [PMID: 38820947 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune skin disease of dogs characterized by intraepidermal pustules containing neutrophils and dissociated keratinocytes that develop in association with circulating and tissue-bound IgG autoantibodies. A subset of IgG autoantibodies in canine PF target desmocollin-1 (DSC1), a component of intercellular adhesion complexes within the epidermis. Passive transfer of IgG autoantibodies from canine PF sera to mice was previously shown to induce skin disease in the absence of infiltrating neutrophils. In attempts to identify a mechanism responsible for neutrophil recruitment, past studies evaluated the prevalence of IgA autoantibodies in canine PF sera where they were found in <20% of affected dogs. We re-evaluated the prevalence of anti-DSC1 IgA in canine PF due to concerns regarding the sensitivity of previously used methods. We hypothesized that anti-DSC1 IgA are present in most dogs with PF but have been under-detected due to competition with concurrent anti-DSC1 IgG for binding to their mutual antigenic target. Despite removing approximately 80% of IgG from patient sera using affinity chromatography, we did not detect an increase in anti-DSC1 IgA by performing indirect immunofluorescence on canine DSC1-transfected HEK293T cells. Taken together, our results do not support a role for pathogenic IgA in canine PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J M Jordan
- North Caroline State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 3122 Neuroscience Research Bldg., 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisa B Mamo
- North Caroline State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- North Caroline State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 3122 Neuroscience Research Bldg., 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 6th Floor Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- North Caroline State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Kaur G, Xie C, Dong C, Najera J, Nguyen JT, Hao J. PDE4D and miR-203 are promising biomarkers for canine atopic dermatitis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:651. [PMID: 38734860 PMCID: PMC11088561 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common genetically predisposed, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disorder that affects dogs globally. To date, there are no specific biomarkers available to diagnose CAD, and the current diagnosis is based on a combination of criteria including patient history, clinical signs, and exclusion of other relevant differential diagnoses. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the gene expression of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as miR-203 and miR-483 in plasma, in three groups: healthy dogs, CAD dogs, and other inflammatory pruritic skin diseases (OIPSD) such as pemphigus foliaceus, scabies, cutaneous lymphoma, and dermatophytosis. Our results showed that PDE4D gene expression in the CAD group is statistically higher compared to those in the healthy and OIPSD groups, suggesting PDE4D may be a specific marker for CAD. Nevertheless, no correlation was found between PDE4D gene expression levels and the lesion severity gauged by CAD severity index-4 (CADESI-4). We also showed that miR-203 is a generic marker for clinical dermatitis and differentiates both CAD and OIPSD inflammatory conditions from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS We show that PDE4D is a potential marker to differentiate CAD from non-atopic healthy and OIPSD while miR-203 may be a potential marker for general dermatologic inflammation. Future study of PDE4D and miR-203 on a larger scale is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Charli Dong
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Najera
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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Hernandez-Bures A, Bidot WA, Griffin CE, Rosenkrantz WS. The use of oclacitinib compared to azathioprine in the management of canine pemphigus foliaceus: A retrospective analysis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:554-566. [PMID: 37700599 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oclacitinib (Apoquel; Zoetis) has been reported to be beneficial for treating immune-mediated disorders. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES This retrospective study evaluates in which group of dogs [oclacitinib (OC) or azathioprine (AZ)] remission of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) was more effectively achieved with matched induction dosing of glucocorticoids; it further evaluates which group had a higher glucocorticoid-sparing effect. ANIMALS Review of 30 medical records of dogs diagnosed with PF presented to a private practice dermatological service. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of dogs diagnosed with PF and treated with OC or AZ in combination with glucocorticoids. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the ability to induce remission between AZ and OC groups. In the AZ group, 13 of 15 dogs went into some type of remission (partial or complete), compared with 11 of 15 in the OC group. There was no significant difference between the two groups for the glucocorticoid-sparing effect. The AZ group had an average reduction of 77.9% from the induction glucocorticoid dose, and OC group had an average reduction of 64.4%. One of 15 patients in the AZ group and three of 15 patients in the OC group had a 100% reduction of the glucocorticoid dose. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate that OC can be considered as a treatment option for canine PF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wille A Bidot
- Office of Animal Resources, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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Kim S, Kim Y, Kim HJ. Case report: Uncommon immune-mediated skin disease involving systemic disorders in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:915775. [PMID: 36118327 PMCID: PMC9478576 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.915775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Case 1, a 6-year-old, spayed female Pug, presented with severe systemic urticaria, edema, and erythema. The dog had received a famotidine injection as a treatment for repeated vomiting in another hospital. On physical examination, hyperthermia was observed. Moderate pancytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and increased CRP and D-dimer were also observed in blood tests. Hyposthenuric proteinuria, pulmonary interstitial infiltration, and hepatomegaly were found in other tests. In the histology of the skin, dermal edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed. Therefore, she was diagnosed with acute systemic hypersensitivity. Case 2, a 13-month-old, neutered male Pembroke welsh corgi, presented with severe and patchy systemic ulcerative skin lesions. The dog had a history of soft feces and pain around the anus 2 days before. Thrombocytopenia, and increased CRP and D-dimer were observed in blood tests. In histology, epidermal necrolysis, separation of the epidermis and dermis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed. Therefore, he was diagnosed with an immune-mediated disease with necrolysis dermatitis. Case 3, a 12-year-old, spayed female Pomeranian, presented with severe systemic alopecia, pustule, and crust on the skin. The dog had received an infection treatment from a local hospital. Severe regenerative anemia (hematocrit 15.3%, negative saline agglutination test, negative slide agglutination test, negative Coomb's test, prominent spherocytes) elevated liver enzymes, and increased CRP and D-dimer were observed in blood tests. On histopathology of the skin, pustules, acantholytic cells, and inflammatory cells were observed in the keratin layer of the epithelium. Therefore, she was diagnosed with Pemphigus foliaceus concurrent with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. The 3 cases were diagnosed with fatal immune-mediated skin disease concurrently with hematological and systemic abnormalities. All the cases were treated with immune-suppressive drugs, prednisolone, and cyclosporine. In cases 2 and 3, the dogs also received human intravenous immunoglobulin as an immune modulator. The treatment was successful with significant improvements in all the 3 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- BK21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yoonji Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- BK21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ha-Jung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- BK21 Project Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Ambar N, Eshar D, Njaa BL. Intraluminal Uropygial Gland Epithelioma in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 35:433-439. [DOI: 10.1647/20-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhou Z, Corner S, Petersen A, Rosser E, Noland EL. Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in dogs with pemphigus foliaceus with and without vasculopathic lesions: an evaluation of 41 cases. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:503-e139. [PMID: 34189786 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent vasculopathic lesions in dogs with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) have been observed anecdotally yet not reported in the literature. Any association with prognosis is unclear. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To compare clinical features and outcome of PF in dogs with and without vasculopathic lesions. ANIMALS Archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of 41 dogs with PF. METHODS AND MATERIALS Archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples with a histological diagnosis of PF were selected and re-evaluated independently. Dogs were assigned to groups following histological evaluation: Group 1 (no vasculopathic lesions) and Group 2 (vasculopathic lesions present). Group 2 was subdivided into Group 2a (vasculopathic lesions without vasculitis - i.e. vasculopathy) and Group 2b (overt vasculitis). Medical records from identified cases were reviewed retrospectively for data on clinical presentation, treatment and outcome. RESULTS Time to remission was longer in Group 2b (93.8 days) compared to Group 1 (41.8 days) (P = 0.047). Dogs in groups 2a and 2b were more likely to have systemic signs of illness at presentation (P = 0.028 and P = 0.032, respectively) compared to Group 1. Dogs in Group 2b were more likely to have adverse effects associated with treatment than dogs in Group 1 (P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in lesion type, distribution, rates of remission, recurrence or corticosteroid dosage between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with PF and concurrent vasculitis took longer to achieve remission and were more likely to have systemic signs of illness or adverse effects associated with treatment than dogs with PF without concurrent vasculopathic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Zhou
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Corner
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Annette Petersen
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Edmund Rosser
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Erica L Noland
- Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Robertson J, Guzman DSM, Sinnott D, Woolard K, Nesset A, Paul-Murphy JR. Modified Tail Amputation Technique in a Blue and Gold Macaw ( Ara ararauna) With Uropygial Gland Adenocarcinoma. J Avian Med Surg 2020; 34:57-64. [PMID: 32237683 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 33-year-old male blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) presented with a 5-month history of an ulcerated lesion and feather loss at the tail base. Two 4-mm biopsies obtained by the primary care veterinarian were consistent with uropygial gland adenocarcinoma. The bird was examined at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, and on physical evaluation, the dorsal and ventral surface of the tail base were devoid of feathers, ulcerated and crusted without an identifiable uropygial gland. Complete blood count, plasma biochemistry panel, whole-body radiographs, and an echocardiogram were performed before surgery. The bird was anesthetized, and a complete amputation of the tail was performed. The skin was incised with a radiofrequency electrosurgical system approximately 2 mm circumferentially cranial to the diseased tissue. The musculature was transected to the level of the vertebral column, disarticulating between the second and third caudal vertebrae and transecting the spinal cord with a no. 15 blade. Lateral vertebral processes of the second vertebra were removed with a rongeur. Coccygeus lateralis muscles and tensor fasciae latae muscles and skin were closed laterolaterally with 2 layers and 3-0 polydioxanone suture. The bird recovered uneventfully and was discharged after 6 days of hospitalization. The histopathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation, marked scirrhous response, and superficial epithelial ulceration. It was determined that narrow margins of unaffected tissue were achieved from the pathological examination of submitted material. The bird was evaluated 24 days after surgery and again 3.5 months after surgery, without evidence of complications or recurrence. Approximately 10 days after the last reexamination, the bird was euthanatized after being found minimally responsive at home. A postmortem examination was not performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Robertson
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,
| | - Devinn Sinnott
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aleisha Nesset
- West Valley Pet Clinic, 1360 S De Anza Blvd, San Jose, CA 95129, USA
| | - Joanne R Paul-Murphy
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Piccione ML, Layne EA, Shaw GC. Pemphigus foliaceus in two pet Nigerian Dwarf goats. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two male Nigerian Dwarf pet goats from a group of three living in rural southern Wisconsin, USA, presented at the same time with an eight-month history of pruritus and marked crusting on head, axillae and inguinal regions. Parasite investigations were negative, and there was no response to antiparasitic treatment. Fungal and bacterial cultures did not reveal a cause. Histopathology was consistent with a diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus, and goats were treated with immunosuppressive doses of injectable dexamethasone sodium phosphate. After six weeks of treatment, clinical remission was achieved, and immunosuppressive therapy was continued. Three months later, goat 2 developed presumptive viral pneumonia; necropsy reported presumptive caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. One year into treatment, goat 1 developed similar clinical signs and was euthanased. In goats, pemphigus foliaceus is rare and can be treated using glucocorticoids, but as in other species, chronic immunosuppression increases susceptibility to infections.
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Goodale EC, Varjonen KE, Outerbridge CA, Bizikova P, Borjesson D, Murrell DF, Bisconte A, Francesco M, Hill RJ, Masjedizadeh M, Nunn P, Gourlay SG, White SD. Efficacy of a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (PRN-473) in the treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:291-e71. [PMID: 31899567 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is important in B-cell signalling. Efficacy has been reported for BTK inhibitors (BTKi) in human autoimmune diseases. Canine pemphigus foliaceus (cPF) is the most common canine autoimmune skin disease. OBJECTIVES To determine the safety and efficacy of a BTKi in cPF treatment. ANIMALS Nine privately owned dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Nine dogs diagnosed with PF were administered BTKi PRN473. Initial dosages were ≈15 mg/kg once daily, increased to twice daily if inadequate response was seen. Treatment continued for a maximum of 20 weeks, attempting decrease to every other day. Dogs were monitored with complete blood counts, serum biochemistry panels, urinalyses and evaluated with a modified version of a validated human Pemphigus Disease Activity Index (cPDAI). Anti-desmocollin-1 (DSC-1) and desmoglein-1 (DSG-1) immunoglobulin G (IgG) titres were performed before and after the treatment period. Drug bound to target was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS All nine dogs showed reduction in lesions and cPDAI score during the first two weeks of treatment. At the end of the study, four responses were considered "good", two "fair", two "poor" and one dog withdrawn due to recurrence of a previously excised mast cell tumour. Four dogs continued to improve by Week 4; three sustained near complete remission by study's end. The anti-DSC-1 IgG titre decreased in three dogs, increased in two, was undetected in three and was not performed in the withdrawn dog. No dogs had detectable IgG to DSG1. Possible adverse effects occurred in three dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy may have beneficial effects in some cases of cPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Goodale
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Katarina E Varjonen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Catherine A Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dori Borjesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Angelina Bisconte
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Michelle Francesco
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ronald J Hill
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Philip Nunn
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Steven G Gourlay
- Principia Biopharma Inc., 400 E Jamie Ct, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Stephen D White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Simpson A, Rosychuck R, Schissler J, Souza C. Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan as a Novel, Adjunctive Therapy for Pemphigus Foliaceus in Three Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2019; 55:318-322. [PMID: 31525095 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three dogs who were presented with cutaneous lesions and had histopathologic findings consistent with pemphigus foliaceus were treated with injectable polysulfated glycosaminoglycan as an adjunctive to systemic immune-modulatory therapy. These patients were not adequately controlled with oral glucocorticoids in conjunction with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and/or mycophenolate. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan contributed to induction of remission and reduced glucocorticoid doses in all dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Simpson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Rod Rosychuck
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jennifer Schissler
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Clarissa Souza
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Jordan TJ, Affolter VK, Outerbridge CA, Goodale EC, White SD. Clinicopathological findings and clinical outcomes in 49 cases of feline pemphigus foliaceus examined in Northern California, USA (1987–2017). Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:209-e65. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J.M. Jordan
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis 1 Garrod Drive Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Verena K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Catherine A. Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Goodale
- Yu of Guelph Veterinary Dermatology Guelph Veterinary Specialty Hospital 1460 Gordon Street South Guelph Ontario Canada N1L 1C8
| | - Stephen D. White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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Bizikova P, Burrows A. Feline pemphigus foliaceus: original case series and a comprehensive literature review. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:22. [PMID: 30626385 PMCID: PMC6327590 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first description of feline pemphigus foliaceus (PF) more than 30 years ago, numerous case reports have been published, while larger case series have remained rare. This large body of information, if extrapolated, could address clinical discrepancies and expand our knowledge about the treatment of feline PF. This manuscript reviews cases of feline PF published between 1950 and 2016 and adds additional 35 original cases to provide further insight into the clinical aspect and treatment outcome of this disease. RESULTS Feline PF, while being a primary acantholytic pustular dermatosis, presents most often with crusts and erosions that predominantly affect the face and feet. More than half of cats with active disease exhibits non-dermatological signs such as lethargy, fever and/or anorexia. The prognosis of feline PF is good as the majority of cats rapidly achieve disease control even with the most basic treatment such as glucocorticoid monotherapy. Most PF-affected cats, however, require long-term treatment and, like other autoimmune diseases, feline PF has a tendency to relapse spontaneously or with treatment changes. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, despite the overall good prognosis cats with PF can be given, owners should be informed and prepared for these circumstances, which may reduce the risk of euthanasia in the case of disease relapse, and improve treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Amanda Burrows
- Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA Australia
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Lockwood SL, Schick AE, Lewis TP, Newton H. Investigation of subclinical bacteriuria in cats with dermatological disease receiving long-term glucocorticoids and/or ciclosporin. Vet Dermatol 2017; 29:25-e12. [PMID: 28833821 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthea E. Schick
- Dermatology for Animals; 86 West Juniper Lane Gilbert AZ 85233 USA
| | - Thomas P. Lewis
- Dermatology for Animals; 86 West Juniper Lane Gilbert AZ 85233 USA
| | - Heide Newton
- Dermatology for Animals; 2933 North Campbell Ave Tucson AZ 85719 USA
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Lambacher B, Schoiswohl J, Brunthaler R, Wittek T, Krametter-Frötscher R. Successful treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in a Berrichon du Cher ram with methylprednisolone acetate. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:499-e117. [PMID: 28378419 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemphigus foliaceus is a severe, autoimmune blistering skin disease, which is described in humans and some animal species. In small ruminants pemphigus foliaceus has rarely been described and, to the best of the authors' knowledge, little information is available about successful treatment in sheep. AIM This case report describes a Berrichon du Cher ram with the presumed diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus. METHODS The ram was treated with methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg in one subcuticular injection at four week intervals over a one year period, with regular observation of clinical parameters. Four months after treatment was initiated the haematological parameters showed lymphopenia and leukopenia; some enzyme activities were substantially increased. RESULTS The ram's dermatological condition improved to the point of complete healing of the affected skin. The ram was discharged in good condition. No adverse effects, except an elevation of some enzymes associated with liver function, were observed. At postmortem examination moderate fatty liver syndrome was the only abnormality found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This case report demonstrated that long term therapy with methylprednisolone acetate in a sheep with pemphigus foliaceus did not have a negative effect on clinical parameters. Nevertheless, due to the extended statutory withdrawal period resulting from the regular administration of glucocorticoids, such a therapeutic option must be critically assessed in food producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lambacher
- University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Schoiswohl
- University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene Brunthaler
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhild Krametter-Frötscher
- University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Sundburg CR, Belanger JM, Bannasch DL, Famula TR, Oberbauer AM. Gonadectomy effects on the risk of immune disorders in the dog: a retrospective study. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:278. [PMID: 27931211 PMCID: PMC5146839 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonadectomy is one of the most common procedures performed on dogs in the United States. Neutering has been shown to reduce the risk for some diseases although recent reports suggest increased prevalence for structural disorders and some neoplasias. The relation between neuter status and autoimmune diseases has not been explored. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk of atopic dermatitis (ATOP), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), canine myasthenia gravis (CMG), colitis (COL), hypoadrenocorticism (ADD), hypothyroidism (HYPO), immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), lupus erythematosus (LUP), and pemphigus complex (PEMC), for intact females, intact males, neutered females, and neutered males. Pyometra (PYO) was evaluated as a control condition. RESULTS Patient records (90,090) from the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis from 1995 to 2010 were analyzed in order to determine the risk of immune-mediated disease relative to neuter status in dogs. Neutered dogs had a significantly greater risk of ATOP, AIHA, ADD, HYPO, ITP, and IBD than intact dogs with neutered females being at greater risk than neutered males for all but AIHA and ADD. Neutered females, but not males, had a significantly greater risk of LUP than intact females. Pyometra was a greater risk for intact females. CONCLUSIONS The data underscore the importance of sex steroids on immune function emphasizing a role of these hormones on tissue self-recognition. Neutering is critically important for population control, reduction of reproductive disorders, and offers convenience for owners. Despite these advantages, the analyses of the present study suggest that neutering is associated with increased risk for certain autoimmune disorders and underscore the need for owners to consult with their veterinary practitioner prior to neutering to evaluate possible benefits and risks associated with such a procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal R Sundburg
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Janelle M Belanger
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Danika L Bannasch
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Thomas R Famula
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Anita M Oberbauer
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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In Vitro Influence of Mycophenolic Acid on Selected Parameters of Stimulated Peripheral Canine Lymphocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154429. [PMID: 27138877 PMCID: PMC4854421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, a new immunosuppressive drug effective in the treatment of canine autoimmune diseases. The impact of MPA on immunity is ambiguous and its influence on the canine immune system is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine markers of changes in stimulated peripheral canine lymphocytes after treatment with MPA in vitro. Twenty nine healthy dogs were studied. Phenotypic and functional analysis of lymphocytes was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with mitogens and different MPA concentrations– 1 μM (10−3 mol/m3), 10 μM or 100 μM. Apoptotic cells were detected by Annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD). The expression of antigens (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD21, CD25, forkhead box P3 [FoxP3] and proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]) was assessed with monoclonal antibodies. The proliferation indices were analyzed in carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled cells. All analyses were performed using flow cytometry. The influence of MPA on apoptosis was dependent on the mechanism of cell activation and MPA concentration. MPA caused a decrease in the expression of lymphocyte surface antigens, CD3, CD8 and CD25. Its impact on the expression of CD4 and CD21 was negligible. Its negative influence on the expression of FoxP3 was dependent on cell stimulation. MPA inhibited lymphocyte proliferation. In conclusion, MPA inhibited the activity of stimulated canine lymphocytes by blocking lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The influence of MPA on the development of immune tolerance–expansion of Treg cells and lymphocyte apoptosis–was ambiguous and was dependent on the mechanism of cellular activation. The concentration that MPA reaches in the blood may lead to inhibition of the functions of the canine immune system. The applied panel of markers can be used for evaluation of the effects of immunosuppressive compounds in the dog.
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Rossi MA, Messinger LM, Linder KE, Olivry T. Generalized Canine Discoid Lupus Erythematosus Responsive to Tetracycline and Niacinamide Therapy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015; 51:171-5. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a commonly reported canine autoimmune disease that normally presents with a phenotype consisting of erythema, depigmentation, scaling, erosions/ulcers, and scarring over the nasal planum and the proximal dorsal muzzle. Recently, two cases of a generalized variant of this disease have been reported, whose lesions responded to either systemic glucocorticoids or a combination of topical corticosteroids, topical tacrolimus, and the oral antimalarial hydroxychloroquine. The purpose of this report is to describe an 11 yr old shih tzu that presented with skin lesions consisting of multiple annular, erythematous papules and plaques, hyperpigmentation, adherent scaling, and atrophic scars over the caudal dorsum, flanks, craniodorsal thorax, and lateroproximal extremities. A diagnosis of generalized DLE was made based on the clinical presentation, histopathology, laboratory values, and direct immunofluorescence findings. Treatment consisted of oral tetracycline and oral niacinamide, which resulted in complete remission of clinical signs. This is the first documented report of generalized canine DLE responding to the described immunomodulating regimen. Such a combination might therefore be considered as a glucocorticoid and/or antimalarial alternative for the management of generalized DLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Rossi
- From the Veterinary Skin and Allergy Specialists, Veterinary Referral Center of Colorado, Englewood, CO (M.R., L.M.); and Department of Population Health and Pathobiology (K.L.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (T.O.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Linda M. Messinger
- From the Veterinary Skin and Allergy Specialists, Veterinary Referral Center of Colorado, Englewood, CO (M.R., L.M.); and Department of Population Health and Pathobiology (K.L.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (T.O.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Keith E. Linder
- From the Veterinary Skin and Allergy Specialists, Veterinary Referral Center of Colorado, Englewood, CO (M.R., L.M.); and Department of Population Health and Pathobiology (K.L.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (T.O.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Thierry Olivry
- From the Veterinary Skin and Allergy Specialists, Veterinary Referral Center of Colorado, Englewood, CO (M.R., L.M.); and Department of Population Health and Pathobiology (K.L.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (T.O.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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UROPYGIAL GLAND SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN CHINSTRAP (PYGOSCELIS ANTARCTICUS) AND GENTOO (PYGOSCELIS PAPUA) PENGUINS AT THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY'S CENTRAL PARK ZOO. J Zoo Wildl Med 2015; 46:113-9. [DOI: 10.1638/2014-0011r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kawarai S, Hisasue M, Matsuura S, Ito T, Inoue Y, Neo S, Fujii Y, Madarame H, Shirota K, Tsuchiya R. Canine pemphigus foliaceus with concurrent immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 51:56-63. [PMID: 25415212 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3 yr old wirehaired fox terrier was presented to his primary care veterinarian with fever, thrombocytopenia, and generalized crusting dermatitis. The skin lesion had progressed for at least 18 days, and thrombocytopenia had developed 3 days before presentation. Histopathology and direct immunofluorescence studies of the skin were consistent with pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Immunofluorescence revealed immunoglobulin G deposition around the keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum. A diagnosis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) was confirmed by the presence of platelet surface-associated immunoglobulin using flow cytometry. Systemic immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine and azathioprine was effective, and the dog survived for >2 years from the initial presentation. IMT is rarely associated with PF. This appears to be the first detailed report of a definitive diagnosis of concurrent PF and IMT in a dog. The authors' findings indicate that canine PF could be complicated by hematologic immune-mediated diseases such as IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Kawarai
- From Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital (S.K., T.I., H.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine II (M.H., Y.I., S.N., R.T.), Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery I (Y.F.), and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (K.S.), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; and Center for Advanced Biomedical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S.M.)
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Effects of aurothiomalate treatment on canine osteosarcoma in a murine xenograft model. Anticancer Drugs 2014; 25:332-9. [PMID: 24304691 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly fatal cancer, with most patients ultimately succumbing to metastatic disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antirheumatoid drug aurothiomalate on canine and human osteosarcoma cells and on canine osteosarcoma growth and metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. We hypothesized that aurothiomalate would decrease osteosarcoma cell survival, tumor cellular proliferation, tumor growth, and metastasis. After performing clonogenic assays, aurothiomalate or a placebo was administered to 54 mice inoculated with canine osteosarcoma. Survival, tumor growth, embolization, metastasis, histopathology, cell proliferation marker Ki67, and apoptosis marker caspase-3 were compared between groups. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test and one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey's test or Dunn's method. Aurothiomalate caused dose-dependent inhibition of osteosarcoma cell survival (P<0.001) and decreased tumor growth (P<0.001). Pulmonary macrometastasis and Ki67 labeling were reduced with low-dose aurothiomalate (P=0.033 and 0.005, respectively), and tumor emboli and pulmonary micrometastases were decreased with high-dose aurothiomalate (P=0.010 and 0.011, respectively). There was no difference in survival, tumor development, ulceration, mitotic indices, tumor necrosis, nonpulmonary metastases, and caspase-3 labeling. Aurothiomalate treatment inhibited osteosarcoma cell survival and reduced tumor cell proliferation, growth, embolization, and pulmonary metastasis. Given aurothiomalate's established utility in canine and human medicine, our results suggest that this compound may hold promise as an adjunctive therapy for osteosarcoma. Further translational research is warranted to better characterize the dose response of canine and human osteosarcoma to aurothiomalate.
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Abstract
Ciclosporin is a lipophilic cyclic polypeptide with powerful immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties that has been used in veterinary medicine for two decades. It is a calcineurin inhibitor whose principal mode of action is to inhibit T cell activation. The drug is principally absorbed from the small intestine and is metabolised in the intestine and liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Ciclosporin is known to interact with a wide range of pharmacological agents. Numerous studies have demonstrated good efficacy for the management of canine atopic dermatitis and this has been a licensed indication since 2003. In addition to the treatment of atopic dermatitis, it has been used as an aid in the management of numerous other dermatological conditions in animals including perianal fistulation, sebaceous adenitis, pododermatitis, chronic otitis externa and pemphigus foliaceus. This article reviews the mode of action, pharmacokinetics, indications for use and efficacy of ciclosporin in veterinary dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Forsythe
- The Dermatology Referral Service, 528 Paisley Road West, Glasgow G51 1RN, UK
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25
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Simpson DL, Burton GG. Use of prednisolone as monotherapy in the treatment of feline pemphigus foliaceus: a retrospective study of 37 cats. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:598-601, e143-4. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Simpson
- Animal Dermatology Solutions; 26 Fowler Street Box Hill South Melbourne Victoria 3128 Australia
| | - Gregory G. Burton
- Animal Skin, Ear and Allergy Service; 70 Blackburn Road Glen Waverley Melbourne Victoria 3150 Australia
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Dandrieux JRS, Noble PJM, Scase TJ, Cripps PJ, German AJ. Comparison of a chlorambucil-prednisolone combination with an azathioprine-prednisolone combination for treatment of chronic enteropathy with concurrent protein-losing enteropathy in dogs: 27 cases (2007–2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:1705-14. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.12.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Irwin KE, Beale KM, Fadok VA. Use of modified ciclosporin in the management of feline pemphigus foliaceus: a retrospective analysis. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:403-e76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kovalik M, Thoday KL, van den Broek AHM. The use of ciclosporin A in veterinary dermatology. Vet J 2012; 193:317-25. [PMID: 22609151 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ciclosporin A (CsA) has potent immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory activity that has been exploited in human medicine to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and to manage atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Over the past decade, CsA has been employed more frequently in veterinary dermatology and its value in the management of several canine and feline dermatoses is now well established. CsA inhibits calcineurin phosphatase, suppressing T cell activation and the synthesis of T cell cytokines consequently impairing the activity of B cells, antigen-presenting cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. The pharmacokinetics of CsA are similar in humans, dogs and cats and the drug has a wide safety margin in dogs, cats and rabbits. Adverse effects, principally transient vomiting and soft faeces/diarrhoea, may be seen shortly after instituting treatment but often resolve despite continuing treatment. Gingival hyperplasia and cutaneous effects such as hirsutism may occur after prolonged treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kovalik
- The University of Edinburgh, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dermatology Unit, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK.
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29
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Lortz J, Favrot C, Mecklenburg L, Nett C, Rüfenacht S, Seewald W, Linek M. A multicentre placebo-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of oral ciclosporin A in the treatment of canine idiopathic sebaceous adenitis in comparison with conventional topical treatment. Vet Dermatol 2011; 21:593-601. [PMID: 20529011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine idiopathic sebaceous adenitis (ISA) is an inflammatory reaction of sebaceous glands, potentially resulting in their complete loss. It is considered a T-cell-mediated disease, but its precise pathogenesis is still unknown. Topical treatment with oil soaks, humectants and shampoos is effective but laborious. Ciclosporin A (CsA), an immunomodulatory drug, has recently been shown to ameliorate the clinical picture of ISA and to reduce inflammation greatly. It is, however, an expensive treatment option. The objective of this multicentre, partly double-blinded, randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of ciclosporin A, either alone or with topical therapy, in comparison to conventional topical treatment alone, as measured by the primary end-points alopecia and scaling, and multiple histopathological secondary objectives. Thirty-four dogs with an established diagnosis were treated for 4-6 months and were evaluated before, during and after therapy. Both CsA and topical therapy demonstrated efficacy in this study. Differences between the treatment protocols were marginal. Topical treatment, both alone and in combination with CsA, appeared to reduce scaling more effectively than CsA alone. Both therapies reduced alopecia. There is evidence of a synergistic benefit on both scaling and alopecia, if both treatment options are combined. Inflammation of the sebaceous glands is also best reduced by a combination of both CsA and topical therapy. There is evidence that regeneration of sebaceous glands is best achieved by CsA, either given alone or in combination with topical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Lortz
- Die Tierärzte am Grandweg, Grandweg 68, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
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Efficacy of Tetracycline and Niacinamide for the Treatment of Superficial Pemphigus (Pemphigus Foliaceus, Pemphigus Erythematosus) in 34 Dogs (1995-2010). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2736/jjvd.17.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Odriozola I, Casuso P, Loinaz I, Cabañero G, Grande HJ. Designing neutral metallophilic hydrogels from di- and tripeptides. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5059-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05520h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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KIM HJ, KANG MH, KIM JW, KIM DY, PARK HM. Long-Term Management of Vaccine-Induced Refractory Ischemic Dermatopathy in a Miniature Pinscher Puppy. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1237-40. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jung KIM
- BK21 Basic & Diagnostic Veterinary Specialist Program for Animal Disease and Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Min-Hee KANG
- BK21 Basic & Diagnostic Veterinary Specialist Program for Animal Disease and Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Ju-Won KIM
- BK21 Basic & Diagnostic Veterinary Specialist Program for Animal Disease and Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Dae-Young KIM
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri
| | - Hee-Myung PARK
- BK21 Basic & Diagnostic Veterinary Specialist Program for Animal Disease and Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
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Vaughan DF, Clay Hodgin E, Hosgood GL, Bernstein JA. Clinical and histopathological features of pemphigus foliaceus with and without eosinophilic infiltrates: a retrospective evaluation of 40 dogs. Vet Dermatol 2010; 21:166-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bieber K, Sun S, Ishii N, Kasperkiewicz M, Schmidt E, Hirose M, Westermann JÃ, Yu X, Zillikens D, Ludwig RJ. Animal models for autoimmune bullous dermatoses. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:2-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brenner DJ, Stokking L, Donovan TA, Lamberski N. Pemphigus foliaceus in a Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia
). Vet Rec 2009; 165:509-10. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.17.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Brenner
- Department of Animal Health; Denver Zoo, 2300 Steele Street Denver CO 80205-5735 USA
| | - L. Stokking
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital; 10435 Sorrento Valley Road San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - T. A. Donovan
- The Animal Medical Center; 510 East 62nd Street New York NY 10065 USA
| | - N. Lamberski
- San Diego Wild Animal Park, 15500 San Pasqual Valley Road Escondido CA 92027-7017 USA
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Pace LB, Vetter RS. Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) envenomation in small animals. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2009; 19:329-36. [PMID: 25164631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive review of relevant literature regarding the brown recluse spider (BRS) and to define those criteria that must be satisfied before making a diagnosis of brown recluse envenomation. ETIOLOGY The complex venom of the BRS contains sphingomyelinase D, which is capable of producing all the clinical signs in the human and some animal models. DIAGNOSIS There is no current commercially available test. In humans there are many proposed guidelines to achieve a definitive diagnosis; however, there are no established guidelines for veterinary patients. THERAPY Currently, no consensus exists for treatment of BRS envenomation other than supportive care, which includes rest, thorough cleaning of the site, ice, compression, and elevation. PROGNOSIS Prognosis varies based on severity of clinical signs and response to supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonny B Pace
- Central California Veterinary Specialty Center, Fresno, CA 93710the Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 and Biology Division, San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands, CA, 92373
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Han JI, Mo IP, Na KJ. Pemphigus-Like Immune-Mediated Dermatosis in a Korean Native Black-Bone Fowl. Avian Dis 2008; 52:714-7. [DOI: 10.1637/8373-060508-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Balda AC, Ikeda MO, Larsson Junior CE, Michalany NS, Larsson CE. Pênfigo foliáceo canino: estudo retrospectivo de 43 casos clínicos e terapia (2000-2005). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2008000800007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
No período de agosto de 2000 a julho de 2005 foram atendidos 43 casos de Pênfigo Foliáceo (PF) canino no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo. Com este estudo retrospectivo visou-se atualizar dados referentes à caracterização sexual, definição racial e raça, idade, tipo e topografia lesional, quadro sintomático e resposta aos tratamentos isolados com prednisona e com a associação desta à azatioprina, além de demonstrar o aumento na ocorrência do PF relativamente à série histórica pretérita (1986-2000) do mesmo Serviço.
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Bhang DH, Choi US, Jung YC, Kim MK, Choi EW, Seo KW, Kang MS, Hwang CY, Kim DY, Youn HY, Lee CW. Topical 0.03% tacrolimus for treatment of pemphigus erythematosus in a Korea Jindo dog. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:415-7. [PMID: 18460840 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical 0.03% tacrolimus was used for treatment of a Korea Jindo dog diagnosed with pemphigus erythematosus. The dog was slowly improved following application of tacrolimus but did not achieve complete remission until end of this study. No adverse effects on clinical or laboratory parameters were noted during the topical tacrolimus therapy period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ha Bhang
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
In humans, the pemphigus denomination encompasses a group of autoimmune blistering skin diseases with intraepidermal separation resulting from cell-cell detachment by acantholysis. Entities are classified based on the level of blistering in the epidermis, and both superficial (pemphigus foliaceus, IgA pemphigus) and deep (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans and paraneoplastic pemphigus) variants are recognized. In domestic animals, subsets of pemphigus have been recognized since the mid-1970s, and the disease classification resembles that used for human patients. This article reviews up-to-date knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical signs, histopathology, immunopathology and treatment outcome of superficial pemphigus in domestic animals. Detailed information on canine, feline, equine and caprine pemphigus foliaceus, canine and feline pemphigus erythematosus and canine panepidermal pustular pemphigus is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Abstract
A retrospective study of 91 dogs with pemphigus foliaceus was performed. Clinical signs of the disease included crusts (n=79), pustules (n=36), and alopecia (n=33). Lesions were most common on the trunk (n=53), inner pinnae (n=46), face (n=37), and foot pads (n=32). Cytological evaluation revealed acantholytic keratinocytes in 37 of 48 dogs. Results of combination treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine were comparable to results with prednisolone therapy alone. More than half of the dogs achieved remission with appropriate therapy, and another 25% significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf S Mueller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Bruner
- Greater Cincinnati Veterinary Specialists, 11 Beacon Drive, Wilder, KY 41076, USA.
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Tirado-Sánchez A, León-Dorantes G. Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris. An overview in Mexico. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2006; 34:10-6. [PMID: 16540065 DOI: 10.1157/13084220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus is an autoimmune skin disease that can present in a variety of forms and can prove challenging to manage and treat. An overview of the condition in Mexico is presented. Emphasis is placed on management of the condition, with description of the most commonly used treatments (glucocorticoids, azathioprine), the second line therapies (cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil), and additional alternative treatments (cyclophosphamide and dapsone).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tirado-Sánchez
- Service of Dermatology, Hospital General de México, O.D. Distrito Federal, Mexico
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