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Yuan F, Zhang S, Wang Y, Gao X, Zhao Y, Ning L, Wang Y, Guo Y, Zhang J. Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Hypochlorous Acid Detection in Early Diagnosis of Keloids. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39376149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Keloids represent pathologic conditions characterized by the presence of hyalinized collagen bundles and chronic inflammatory reactions. Recently, increased ROS production and disrupted apoptosis mechanisms in keloids have been reported, although the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we developed a specific fluorescence probe, Pro-NBS, to investigate ClO- levels in keloids. The probe demonstrated high specificity for ClO- over other ROS and exhibited a strong linear detection relationship. Based on its performance, we focused on the TGF-β pathway in the development of keloids. ROS upregulation was observed in keloid-derived fibroblasts. Using ClO- as an intrinsic overexpression marker, our probe effectively distinguished between normal fibroblasts and keloid-derived fibroblasts both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Pro-NBS showed potential for monitoring the progression and evaluating the systematic therapy of abnormal scarring or keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Suya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Ning
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
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2
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Song Z, Li W, He Q, Xie X, Wang X, Guo J. Natural products - Dawn of keloid treatment. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105918. [PMID: 38554887 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Keloids are prevalent pathological scars, often leading to cosmetic deformities and hindering joint mobility.They cause discomfort, including burning and itching, while gradually expanding and potentially posing a risk of cancer.Developing effective drugs and treatments for keloids has been a persistent challenge in the medical field. Natural products are an important source of innovative drugs and a breakthrough for many knotty disease.Herein, keywords of "natural, plant, compound, extract" were combined with "keloid" and searched in PubMed and Google Scholar, respectively. A total of 32 natural products as well as 9 extracts possessing the potential for treating keloids were ultimately identified.Current research in this field faces a significant challenge due to the lack of suitable animal models, resulting in a predominant reliance on in vitro studies.In vivo and clinical studies are notably scarce as a result.Moreover, there is a notable deficiency in research focusing on the role of nutrients in keloid formation and treatment.The appropriate dosage form (oral, topical, injectable) is crucial for the development of natural product drugs. Finally, the conclusion was hereby made that natural products, when used as adjuncts to other treatments, hold significant potential in the management of keloids.By summarizing the natural products and elucidating their mechanisms in keloid treatment, the present study aims to stimulate further discoveries and research in drug development for effectively addressing this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhou Song
- Department of Dermatological, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Wenquan Li
- Department of Dermatological, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Qingying He
- Department of Dermatological, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Dermatological, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Xurui Wang
- Department of Dermatological, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatological, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610036, China.
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Boo YC. Insights into How Plant-Derived Extracts and Compounds Can Help in the Prevention and Treatment of Keloid Disease: Established and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1235. [PMID: 38279232 PMCID: PMC10816582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloid is a disease in which fibroblasts abnormally proliferate and synthesize excessive amounts of extracellular matrix, including collagen and fibronectin, during the healing process of skin wounds, causing larger scars that exceed the boundaries of the original wound. Currently, surgical excision, cryotherapy, radiation, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy, pressure therapy, silicone gel sheeting, and pharmacotherapy are used alone or in combinations to treat this disease, but the outcomes are usually unsatisfactory. The purpose of this review is to examine whether natural products can help treat keloid disease. I introduce well-established therapeutic targets for this disease and various other emerging therapeutic targets that have been proposed based on the phenotypic difference between keloid-derived fibroblasts (KFs) and normal epidermal fibroblasts (NFs). We then present recent studies on the biological effects of various plant-derived extracts and compounds on KFs and NFs. Associated ex vivo, in vivo, and clinical studies are also presented. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms of action of the plant-derived extracts and compounds, the pros and cons, and the future tasks for natural product-based therapy for keloid disease, as compared with existing other therapies. Extracts of Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Aneilema keisak, Galla Chinensis, Lycium chinense, Physalis angulate, Allium sepa, and Camellia sinensis appear to modulate cell proliferation, migration, and/or extracellular matrix (ECM) production in KFs, supporting their therapeutic potential. Various phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, and other plant-derived compounds could modulate different cell signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of keloids. For now, many studies are limited to in vitro experiments; additional research and development are needed to proceed to clinical trials. Many emerging therapeutic targets could accelerate the discovery of plant-derived substances for the prevention and treatment of keloid disease. I hope that this review will bridge past, present, and future research on this subject and provide insight into new therapeutic targets and pharmaceuticals, aiming for effective keloid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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4
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Lan X, Hu YH, Li X, Kong DJ, Qin YF, Wang H. Oxymatrine protects cardiac allografts by regulating immunotolerant cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108080. [PMID: 34454287 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is an effective treatment strategy for patients with irreversible organ failure or congenital organ dysfunction. Oxymatrine (OMT) is a quinolizidine alkaloid with protective and anti-inflammatory effects on tissues and organs. The objective of this study was to investigate whether OMT could exert protective effects in cardiac allografts by regulating immune cells. In vitro cell proliferation and co-culture experiments were used to measure the effects of OMT on splenocyte proliferation and differentiation. In the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice transplanted with BALB/c cardiac grafts were randomly divided into untreated, low-dose OMT treated, middle-dose OMT treated, high-dose OMT treated, and rapamycin-treated groups. Haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess pathological changes in the grafts, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis was performed to measure the percentages of immune cells. The results showed that, in the in vitro study, OMT inhibited splenocyte proliferation, decreased the percentage of mature dendritic cells (DCs), and increased the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs). In the in vivo study, OMT exerted allograft protective effects by prolonging survival time, alleviating pathological damages to the cardiac allograft, decreasing intragraft CD3+ cell and increasing intragraft Foxp3+ cell infiltration, decreasing the percentages of mature DCs, increasing the percentages of Tregs and Bregs, and inhibiting the function of DCs. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that OMT exerted a protective effect on cardiac allografts by regulating immunotolerant cells. More in-depth studies of OMT may provide additional insight into the use of immunosuppressive drugs as a post-transplantation treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hao Hu
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - De-Jun Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Fei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
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Li Q, Fang L, Chen J, Zhou S, Zhou K, Cheng F, Cen Y, Qing Y, Wu J. Exosomale microRNA-21 Promotes Keloid Fibroblast Proliferation and Collagen Production by inhibiting Smad7. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:1266-1274. [PMID: 34146092 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In keloid fibroblasts, microRNA-21 (miR-21) enhances activation of the TGF-β-Smad-signaling pathway by downregulating Smad7 expression, thereby promoting keloid fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. However, it is unclear whether miR-21 performs the above-mentioned functions through exosomal transport. Here, we extracted exosomes from the culture supernatants of keloid and normal skin fibroblasts, and observed that exosomes from both cell types secreted exosomes; however, keloid fibroblasts secreted significantly more exosomal miR-21 than normal skin fibroblasts (P < 0.001). Interestingly, we also observed that exosomal miR-21 could enter target keloid fibroblasts. In addition, inhibiting exosomal miR-21 upregulated Smad7 protein expression and reduced Smad2 and Smad3 protein levels in target keloid fibroblasts. Furthermore, inhibiting exosomal miR-21 downregulated collagen I and collagen III expression in target keloid fibroblasts, increased the proportion of apoptotic cells, and reduced cell proliferation. Taken together, these results show that exosomal miR-21 promoted proliferation and collagen production in keloid fibroblasts by inhibiting Smad7. Thus, we identified regulatory roles for miR-21 in promoting keloid fibroblast proliferation and participating in keloid formation and development. These findings imply that miR-21 may serve as a novel target for controlling the development of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Li
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengrui Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Qing
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Wu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yuan W, Sun H, Yu L. Long non-coding RNA LINC01116 accelerates the progression of keloid formation by regulating miR-203/SMAD5 axis. Burns 2020; 47:665-675. [PMID: 32883538 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence reveals the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development and progression of keloid formation. However, the roles and molecular mechanism of lncRNA LINC01116 in the progression of keloid formation remain largely unknown. METHODS The expression levels of LINC01116, microRNA-203 (miR-203) and SMAD family member 5 (SMAD5) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by Cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and transwell assay. Flow cytometry and western blot assay were used to examine cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. The interaction between miR-203 and LINC01116 or SMAD5 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays. RESULTS LINC01116 and SMAD5 were upregulated while miR-203 was downregulated in keloid tissues and keloid fibroblasts. LINC01116 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and ECM production but induced apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts through enhancing miR-203 and inhibiting SMAD5. Moreover, SMAD5 was identified as a direct target of miR-203 and miR-203 could directly bind to LINC01116. Besides, LINC01116 regulated SMAD5 expression by targeting miR-203. CONCLUSION Downregulation of LINC01116 inhibited the progression of keloid formation by regulating miR-203/SMAD5 axis, which might provide a novel target for keloid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
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Lan X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Xu F. Oxymatrine exerts organ- and tissue-protective effects by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis: From bench to bedside. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Quinolizidine alkaloids derivatives from Sophora alopecuroides Linn: Bioactivities, structure-activity relationships and preliminary molecular mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:111972. [PMID: 31884408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids, as essential active ingredients extracted from Sophora alopecuroides Linn, have been well concerned in the past several decades owing to the unique structural features and numerous pharmacological activities. Quinolizidine alkaloids consist of matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, sophocarpine and aloperine etc. Additionally, quinolizidine alkaloids exert various excellent activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-virus and anti-arrhythmia regulations. In this review, we comprehensively clarify the pharmacological activities of quinolizidine alkaloids, as well as the relationship between biological function and structure-activity of substituted quinolizidine alkaloids. We believe that biological agents based on the pharmacological functions of quinolizidine alkaloids could be well applied in clinical practice.
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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Eldahshan OA, Elshanawany MA, Efferth T, Singab ANB. The pharmacology of the genus Sophora (Fabaceae): An updated review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153070. [PMID: 31514082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Sophora (Fabaceae) represents one of the important medicinal plant genera regarding its chemical constituents and outstanding pharmacological activities. PURPOSE In this review, we surveyed the latest findings on the bioactivities of different Sophora extracts and isolated phytochemicals during the past 8 years (2011-2019) updating the latest review article in 2011. The aim of this review is to focus on the molecular pharmacology of Sophora species to provide the rationale basis for the development of novel drugs. RESULTS Sophora and its bioactive compounds possess outstanding pharmacological properties, especially as anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs, in addition to its antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. CONCLUSION Based on their use in traditional medicine, Sophora species exert a plethora of cellular and molecular activities, which render them as attractive candidates for rationale drug development. Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are required for further integration of Sophora-based phototherapies into conventional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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10
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Avila-Carrasco L, Majano P, Sánchez-Toméro JA, Selgas R, López-Cabrera M, Aguilera A, González Mateo G. Natural Plants Compounds as Modulators of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31417401 PMCID: PMC6682706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a self-regulated physiological process required for tissue repair that, in non-controled conditions may lead to fibrosis, angiogenesis, loss of normal organ function or cancer. Although several molecular pathways involved in EMT regulation have been described, this process does not have any specific treatment. This article introduces a systematic review of effective natural plant compounds and their extract that modulates the pathological EMT or its deleterious effects, through acting on different cellular signal transduction pathways both in vivo and in vitro. Thereby, cryptotanshinone, resveratrol, oxymatrine, ligustrazine, osthole, codonolactone, betanin, tannic acid, gentiopicroside, curcumin, genistein, paeoniflorin, gambogic acid and Cinnamomum cassia extracts inhibit EMT acting on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smads signaling pathways. Gedunin, carnosol, celastrol, black rice anthocyanins, Duchesnea indica, cordycepin and Celastrus orbiculatus extract downregulate vimectin, fibronectin and N-cadherin. Sulforaphane, luteolin, celastrol, curcumin, arctigenin inhibit β-catenin signaling pathways. Salvianolic acid-A and plumbagin block oxidative stress, while honokiol, gallic acid, piperlongumine, brusatol and paeoniflorin inhibit EMT transcription factors such as SNAIL, TWIST and ZEB. Plectranthoic acid, resveratrol, genistein, baicalin, polyphyllin I, cairicoside E, luteolin, berberine, nimbolide, curcumin, withaferin-A, jatrophone, ginsenoside-Rb1, honokiol, parthenolide, phoyunnanin-E, epicatechin-3-gallate, gigantol, eupatolide, baicalin and baicalein and nitidine chloride inhibit EMT acting on other signaling pathways (SIRT1, p38 MAPK, NFAT1, SMAD, IL-6, STAT3, AQP5, notch 1, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, FAK/AKT, Hh). Despite the huge amount of preclinical data regarding EMT modulation by the natural compounds of plant, clinical translation is poor. Additionally, this review highlights some relevant examples of clinical trials using natural plant compounds to modulate EMT and its deleterious effects. Overall, this opens up new therapeutic alternatives in cancer, inflammatory and fibrosing diseases through the control of EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Avila-Carrasco
- Therapeutic and Pharmacology Department, Health and Human Science Research, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Pedro Majano
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Toméro
- Department and Nephrology, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aguilera
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe González Mateo
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Yang Y, Chen S, Tao L, Gan S, Luo H, Xu Y, Shen X. Inhibitory Effects of Oxymatrine on Transdifferentiation of Neonatal Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts to Myofibroblasts Induced by Aldosterone via Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5375-5388. [PMID: 31325292 PMCID: PMC6662943 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese herb Radix Sophorae flavescentis, has widely reported pharmacological efficacy in treating cardiovascular dysfunction-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Here, we investigated the potential inhibitory effects and mechanism of OMT on transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblasts induced by aldosterone in vitro. Material/Methods The cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) proliferation and migration capacity were evaluated by MTT assay, cell cycle assay, and scratch analysis, respectively. The protein expression of the Nrf2/Keap1 signal pathway, FN, Collagen I, Collagen III, α-SMA, CTGF, and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) protein was detected by Western blot analysis. The mRNA expression of Nrf2 was detected by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of α-SMA protein. Nrf2 siRNA was used to explore the role of Nrf2 in OMT-treated CFBs. GSH, SOD, and MDA levels and hydroxyproline content were measured by colorimetric assay with commercial kits. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to assess cellular ROS levels. Results OMT and Curcumin (an Nrf2 agonist) attenuated aldosterone (ALD)-induced proliferation and migration in CFBs, as well as the fibrosis-associated protein expression levels. Moreover, OMT activated Nrf2 and promoted the nucleus translocation of Nrf2. OMT alleviated the elevated levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, Collagen III, and CTGF, which were abrogated by the Nrf2 siRNA transfection. We also found that OMT decreased oxidative stress levels. Conclusions Our results confirm that OMT alleviates transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts induced by aldosterone via activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Shiping Chen
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Shiquan Gan
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Luo
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yini Xu
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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12
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Wang JP, Yu HHM, Chiang ER, Wang JY, Chou PH, Hung SC. Corticosteroid inhibits differentiation of palmar fibromatosis-derived stem cells (FSCs) through downregulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198326. [PMID: 29944666 PMCID: PMC6019676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for musculoskeletal fibromatosis remains challenging. Surgical excision for fibromatosis is the standard therapy but recurrence remains high. Corticosteroids, an anti-fibrogenic compound, have been used to treat early stage palmar fibromatosis, but the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the inhibitory mechanism effect of corticosteroids in the murine model of fibromatosis nodule as well as in cultured FSCs. Quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) staining for markers of myofibroblasts (α-smooth muscle actin and type III collagen) were used to examine the effect of dexamethasone on myofibroblasic differentiation of FSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling and its downstream targets were examined using western blot analysis. TGF-β1 expression in FSCs before and after dexamethasone treatment was compared. In addition, inhibition of TGF-β1 expression was examined using RNA interference (RNAi) on FSCs, both in vitro and in vivo. Treating FSCs with dexamethasone inhibited FSCs’ myofibroblastic differentiation in vitro. Treating FSCs with dexamethasone before or after implantation further inhibited formation of fibromatosis nodules. Dexamethasone suppressed expression of TGF-β1 and pSmad2/3 by FSCs in vitro. TGF-β1 knockdown FSCs showed reducing myofibroblastic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, addition of TGF-β1 abolished dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of myofibroblastic differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the myofibroblastic differentiated potential of FSCs both in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of TGF-β1 expression in FSCs. TGF-β1 plays a key role in myofibroblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Pan Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hsiang-Hsuan Michael Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - En-Rung Chiang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jir-You Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po- Hsin Chou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Sun Y, Jiang H, Gu M, Zheng X. Efficacy of lentivirus‑mediated Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase combined with (E)‑5‑(2‑bromovinyl)‑2'‑deoxyuridine or 1‑β‑D‑arabinofuranosylthymine therapy in human keloid fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1660-1665. [PMID: 29901093 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloid scarring is a type of fibroproliferative disease with a high recurrence rate. However, no effective treatment is currently available. Combined therapy with recombinant lentivirus‑mediated Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase (Dm‑dNK) and prodrug has been widely studied and used for cancer treatment. Due to the similarities between keloid scars and tumors, the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of a Dm‑dNK/nucleoside analog system for the treatment of keloid scars. Recombinant lentivirus expression of the Dm‑dNK suicide gene was assessed. Western blotting was used to examine the protein expression of lentivirus mediated Dm‑dNK in keloid fibroblasts. Enzyme activity assays were conducted using [3H]‑labeled substrates. Furthermore, cytotoxicity and bystander effects were evaluated using MTT assays. The expression of green fluorescent protein was observed using fluorescence microscope and results indicated that there was no notable difference in lentivirus infectivity between the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 and 10 in cells. Notably, western blotting revealed that Dm‑dNK was stably expressed in keloid fibroblasts and the enzymatic activity assays revealed that the enzyme was activated following introduction into the keloid fibroblasts via the lentivirus. The cytotoxicity and bystander effects of Dm‑dNK combined with cytotoxic nucleoside analogs were both observed in Dm‑dNK+ keloid fibroblasts. These results demonstrated that the lentivirus‑mediated Dm‑dNK therapy may be effective in treating keloid fibroblasts, which provides some evidence for the use of Dm‑dNK/prodrug therapy for keloid treatment in vivo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Aoyang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Marshall CD, Hu MS, Leavitt T, Barnes LA, Lorenz HP, Longaker MT. Cutaneous Scarring: Basic Science, Current Treatments, and Future Directions. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018; 7:29-45. [PMID: 29392092 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2016.0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Scarring of the skin from burns, surgery, and injury constitutes a major burden on the healthcare system. Patients affected by major scars, particularly children, suffer from long-term functional and psychological problems. Recent Advances: Scarring in humans is the end result of the wound healing process, which has evolved to rapidly repair injuries. Wound healing and scar formation are well described on the cellular and molecular levels, but truly effective molecular or cell-based antiscarring treatments still do not exist. Recent discoveries have clarified the role of skin stem cells and fibroblasts in the regeneration of injuries and formation of scar. Critical Issues: It will be important to show that new advances in the stem cell and fibroblast biology of scarring can be translated into therapies that prevent and reduce scarring in humans without major side effects. Future Directions: Novel therapies involving the use of purified human cells as well as agents that target specific cells and modulate the immune response to injury are currently undergoing testing. In the basic science realm, researchers continue to refine our understanding of the role that particular cell types play in the development of scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement D. Marshall
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael S. Hu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tripp Leavitt
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leandra A. Barnes
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - H. Peter Lorenz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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15
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Wang D, Lou XQ, Jiang XM, Yang C, Liu XL, Zhang N. Oxymatrine protects against the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation via modulation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4747-4752. [PMID: 29328383 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that oxymatrine may inhibit ventricular remodeling and serves an important role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The present study investigated whether oxymatrine treatment protects against the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) via regulation of the transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1)/mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling pathway. A CPR model was established in Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats by asphyxiation, and rats were subsequently anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate. SD rats were then administered 25 or 50 mg/kg oxymatrine once a day for 4 weeks. Oxymatrine treatment significantly improved troponin I levels, the ejection fraction, hydroxyproline content and the myocardial performance index in model rats. However, treatment with oxymatrine significantly reduced arterial oxygen tension, arterial lactate levels and oxygen extraction. Treatment with oxymatrine following CPR significantly inhibited the protein expression levels of TGF‑β1, TGF‑β1 receptor type 1 and Smad homolog 3 (Smad3) in model rats. The results of this research indicated that oxymatrine treatment may protect against the effects of CPR via regulation of the TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and may be a novel drug for CPR in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Qian Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6P 2G9, Canada
| | - Xiao-Liang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Lu M, Zhang Q, Chen K, Xu W, Xiang X, Xia S. The regulatory effect of oxymatrine on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced MS1 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 36:153-159. [PMID: 29157809 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxymatrine (OM), a major quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from the roots of Sophora flavescens, has been proved to regulate a variety of signaling pathways to produce a wide range of pharmacological effects. OBJECTIVES The regulatory effects of OM on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in MS1 cells were explored to illuminate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of OM for pancreatitis treatment. METHODS The signaling molecules related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in MS1 cells were detected by Western blotting under different conditions, including OM pretreatment and LPS stimulation. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB p65 and IκBα were detected by real-time PCR. The NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in MS1 cells was measured by immunofluorescence, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine of IL-1β was detected by ELISA. RESULTS Increased levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65, induced by LPS stimulation, were significantly inhibited by OM pretreatment in MS1 cells. The decreased protein, but not mRNA, level of IκBα induced by LPS stimulation was increased by OM pretreatment. Meanwhile, LPS induced NF-κB p65 protein translocation to the nucleus as well as LPS increased expression of IL-1β were also inhibited by OM pretreatment. CONCLUSION Inhibitory effects of OM on molecules related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in pancreatic microvascular endothelial cells can alleviate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China; Postgraduate Training Base in Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Forces, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China.
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China; Postgraduate Training Base in Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Forces, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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17
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ZHANG MINGHAO, WANG XIUYU, BAI BIN, ZHANG RUI, LI YUNHONG, WANG YIN. Oxymatrine protects against sepsis-induced myocardial injury via inhibition of the TNF-α/p38-MAPK/caspase-3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:551-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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Lu ML, Xiang XH, Xia SH. Potential Signaling Pathways Involved in the Clinical Application of Oxymatrine. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1104-12. [PMID: 27165263 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxymatrine, an alkaloid component extracted from the roots of Sophora species, has been shown to have antiinflammatory, antifibrosis, and antitumor effects and the ability to protect against myocardial damage, etc. The potential signaling pathways involved in the clinical application of oxymatrine might include the TGF-β/Smad, toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, toll-like receptor9/TRAF6, Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, delta-opioid receptor-arrestinl-Bcl-2, CD40, epidermal growth factor receptor, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways, and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase/asymmetric dimethylarginine metabolism pathway. In this review, we summarize the recent investigations of the signaling pathways related to oxymatrine to provide clues and references for further studies on its clinical application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Shi-Hai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
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Liu L, Wang Y, Yan R, Li S, Shi M, Xiao Y, Guo B. Oxymatrine Inhibits Renal Tubular EMT Induced by High Glucose via Upregulation of SnoN and Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151986. [PMID: 27010330 PMCID: PMC4807015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling has been shown to play a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The nuclear transcription co-repressor Ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) is an important negative regulator of TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction, and subsequent biological responses including tubule epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix accumulation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Oxymatrine (OM) is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb Sophora japonica and has been demonstrated to prevent fibrosis. However, the anti-fibrosis effect of OM in DN is still unclear. In this study, we cultured normal rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52Es) in high glucose and high glucose plus OM, and detected the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, FN, TGF-β1, SnoN, Arkadia, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 and poly-ubiquitination of SnoN. The results showed that E-cadherin and SnoN expression in NRK52Es decreased significantly, but poly-ubiquitination of SnoN, TGF-β1, α-SMA, FN, Arkadia, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 expression significantly increased due to high glucose stimulation, which could be almost completely reversed by OM, suggesting that OM may alleviate EMT induced by high glucose via upregulating SnoN expression and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway activation. Hence, OM could be a novel therapeutic for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Liu RM, Desai LP. Reciprocal regulation of TGF-β and reactive oxygen species: A perverse cycle for fibrosis. Redox Biol 2015; 6:565-577. [PMID: 26496488 PMCID: PMC4625010 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the most potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine and its expression is increased in almost all of fibrotic diseases. Although signaling through Smad pathway is believed to play a central role in TGF-β's fibrogenesis, emerging evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate TGF-β's signaling through different pathways including Smad pathway. TGF-β1 increases ROS production and suppresses antioxidant enzymes, leading to a redox imbalance. ROS, in turn, induce/activate TGF-β1 and mediate many of TGF-β's fibrogenic effects, forming a vicious cycle (see graphic flow chart on the right). Here, we review the current knowledge on the feed-forward mechanisms between TGF-β1 and ROS in the development of fibrosis. Therapeutics targeting TGF-β-induced and ROS-dependent cellular signaling represents a novel approach in the treatment of fibrotic disorders. TGF-β1 is the most potent ubiquitous profibrogenic cytokine. TGF- β 1 induces redox imbalance by ↑ ROS production and ↓ anti-oxidant defense system Redox imbalance, in turn, activates latent TGF-β1 and induces TGF-β1 expression. Redox imbalance also mediates many of TGF-β1’s profibrogenic effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmi ngham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Leena P Desai
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmi ngham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Medicinal plants for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:101340. [PMID: 25861351 PMCID: PMC4377450 DOI: 10.1155/2015/101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar is a complication of wound healing and has a high recurrence rate which can lead to significant abnormity in aesthetics and functions. To date, no ideal treatment method has been established. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanism of hypertrophic scarring has not been clearly defined. Although a large amount of scientific research has been reported on the use of medicinal plants as a natural source of treatment for hypertrophic scarring, it is currently scattered across a wide range of publications. Therefore, a systematic summary and knowledge for future prospects are necessary to facilitate further medicinal plant research for their potential use as antihypertrophic scar agents. A bibliographic investigation was accomplished by focusing on medicinal plants which have been scientifically tested in vitro and/or in vivo and proved as potential agents for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. Although the chemical components and mechanisms of action of medicinal plants with antihypertrophic scarring potential have been investigated, many others remain unknown. More investigations and clinical trials are necessary to make use of these medical plants reasonably and phytotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach against hypertrophic scars.
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Unahabhokha T, Sucontphunt A, Nimmannit U, Chanvorachote P, Yongsanguanchai N, Pongrakhananon V. Molecular signalings in keloid disease and current therapeutic approaches from natural based compounds. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:457-463. [PMID: 25331681 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.918157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Keloid is an excessive dermal scar occurring in response to skin injuries. Several therapeutic strategies have been proposed to ease the aggressiveness of keloid scarring. Even though the principle mechanism underlying the disease propagation still remains unidentified, several signaling pathways were highly focused as plausible pathways involving keloid formation, including transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and integrin pathways. Natural compounds containing multiple bioeffective properties such as quercetin, asiaticoside, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. (Leguminosae), and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. (Lamiaceae) extracts, curcuminoids, oxymatrine, madecassoside, and Aneilema keisak Hassk. (Commelinaceae) are claimed as candidates for therapeutic treatment against keloid disorder. OBJECTIVE This review investigates current mechanisms regarding keloid formation and provides scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of natural compounds. METHODS This review obtained and analyzed a number of literature data items from various databases including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO). RESULT Several phytochemical compounds are able to suppress keloid scar development through manipulating various components in the complex signaling cascades. CONCLUSION The present review may be helpful to future studies that further examine the molecular mechanism of keloid etiology as well as investigate the anti-keloid property in natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitita Unahabhokha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Industrial, Pharmaceutical Technology , Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok , Thailand
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The preliminary study of effects of tolfenamic Acid on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and intracellular collagen deposition in keloid fibroblasts in vitro. Dermatol Res Pract 2014; 2014:736957. [PMID: 25328513 PMCID: PMC4190122 DOI: 10.1155/2014/736957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloid scarring is a fibroproliferative disorder due to the accumulation of collagen type I. Tolfenamic acid (TA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been found to potentially affect the synthesis of collagen in rats. In this preliminary study, we aimed to test the effects of TA on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and the deposition of intracellular collagen in keloid fibroblasts. Normal fibroblasts (NFs) and keloid fibroblasts (KFs) were obtained from human dermis tissue. Within the dose range 10−3–10−6 M and exposure times 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, we found that 0.55 × 10−3 M TA at 48 h exposure exhibited significantly decreased cell proliferation in both NFs and KFs. Under these experimental conditions, we demonstrated that (1) TA treatment induced a remarkable apoptotic rate in KFs compared to NFs; (2) TA treatment reduced collagen production in KFs versus NFs; (3) TA treatment decreased collagen type I expression in KFs comparing to that of NFs. In summary, our data suggest that TA decreases cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis, and inhibits collagen accumulation in KFs.
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ZHANG MINGHAO, WANG XIUYU, WANG XIUMEI, HOU XIAOLIN, TENG PENG, JIANG YIDENG, ZHANG LINNA, YANG XIAOLING, TIAN JUE, LI GUIZHONG, CAO JUN, XU HUA, LI YUNHONG, WANG YIN. Oxymatrine protects against myocardial injury via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in rat septic shock. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1293-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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