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Schwartz RA, Kapila R. Kaposi's sarcoma: epidemiologic aspects, the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, and more along the Silk Road of cognition. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2024; 159:161-165. [PMID: 38059781 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.23.07755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma remains enignmatic with many clinical and epidemiological patterns. We review them and describe the groove sign, an important association worthy of recognition. We also stress Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) without coexistent human immunodefiency virus infection, with recent data from China describing an extraordinarily high classical KS prevalence rate among Uygurs and Kazaks in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwestern China, presumably derived from elderly men residing there. The possible travel of HHV-8 along the ancient silk road from Italy to the Xinjiang Uyghur region remains intriguing. If only one in 10,000 HHV-8-infected patients develops classical KS worldwide, then triggers for its overrepresentation in this population within China are of particular concern. The KS-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Schwartz
- Department of Dermatology, Pathology, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA -
| | - Rajendra Kapila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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2
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Dommisch H, Schmidt-Westhausen AM. The role of viruses in oral mucosal lesions. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38411337 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The mucosa of the oral cavity is exposed to a large number of different microorganisms such as archaea, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Among those, viruses cause specific infections, which can easily be transmitted from one person to another. The infectious route may not only include patients and their relatives but also the dental professional team. Thus, a wide knowledge regarding specific viral infections is crucial for the daily routine. Signs and symptoms of oral viral infections can be completely absent or develop into a pronounced clinical picture, so that early detection and information determine the further course of the infection and its influence on other inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis, as well as the safety of family members and the social environment. As the clinical manifestation of viral infections may be highly variable leading to heterogenous mucosal lesions it is, in most cases, mandatory to differentiate them by specific microbiological tests in addition to clinical examination procedures. This article will give an overview of the role of viruses infecting the oral mucosa, and in addition, describe their clinical manifestation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Maria Schmidt-Westhausen
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Thiruvengadam R, Kim JH. Therapeutic strategy for oncovirus-mediated oral cancer: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115035. [PMID: 37364477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a neoplastic disorder of the oral cavities, including the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, and lower and upper gums. Oral cancer assessment entails a multistep process that requires deep knowledge of the molecular networks involved in its progression and development. Preventive measures including public awareness of risk factors and improving public behaviors are necessary, and screening techniques should be encouraged to enable early detection of malignant lesions. Herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are associated with other premalignant and carcinogenic conditions leading to oral cancer. Oncogenic viruses induce chromosomal rearrangements; activate signal transduction pathways via growth factor receptors, cytoplasmic protein kinases, and DNA binding transcription factors; modulate cell cycle proteins, and inhibit apoptotic pathways. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview on the use of nanomaterials for regulating viral proteins and oral cancer as well as the role of phytocompounds on oral cancer. The targets linking oncoviral proteins and oral carcinogenesis were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Ma JY, Liu JW. Disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1711-1714. [PMID: 36032412 PMCID: PMC9400676 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s376060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common HIV-associated neoplasm. Disseminated Kaposi sarcoma became rare with the application of antiretroviral therapy. Oral AIDS-associated KS has prognostic relevance, indicating higher mortality than those with cutaneous lesions only. In this study, we reported a 40-year-old man presented with ulcerated violaceous plaques on his hard palate. Similar lesion can be observed on his left groin and anus, as well as on esophagus and gastric fundus under upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Histological examination accorded with KS. After five cycles of doxorubicin, his oral, skin and esophagus lesions regressed considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuan Ma
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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5
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Jiang ZH, Xv R, Xia L. Foreign body granuloma in the tongue differentiated from tongue cancer: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6247-6253. [PMID: 35949813 PMCID: PMC9254197 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i18.6247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embedded foreign bodies in the tongue are rarely seen in clinical settings. An untreated foreign body can cause a granuloma which often presents as an enlarged tongue mass. However, if foreign body ingestion status is unknown, physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tend to lead to suspicion of tongue cancer, especially in older patients. Thus, differential diagnosis of an enlarged tongue mass is important, especially because it is closely related to the choice of treatment method.
CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with pain and noticeable swelling in the tongue that had persisted for over 1 mo. She had no previous medical history. MRI revealed abnormal signal intensities that were indicative of a neoplasm. Thus, the oral surgeon and radiologist arrived at a primary diagnosis of tongue cancer. The patient visited the Ear Nose and Throat Department for further consultation and underwent an ultrasound examination of the tongue. The ultrasonography was consistent with a linear hyperechoic foreign body which was indicative of an embedded foreign body (bone) in the tongue, even though the patient denied any history of foreign body ingestion. Complete surgical enucleation of the lesion was conducted. The mass which included a fish bone was completely removed. The post-operative pathological examination confirmed that the mass was a granuloma containing collagen fibers, macrophages and chronic inflammatory cells. The patient recovered without complications over a 2 mo follow-up period.
CONCLUSION We report a rare case of foreign body granuloma in the tongue that was primarily diagnosed as tongue cancer. The MRI and ultrasound examinations revealed a piece of bone in the left lateral aspect of the tongue. The granuloma, which contained a fish bone, was completely removed via surgery and confirmed via biopsy. Differential diagnosis of the enlarged tongue mass was critical to the selection of treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ran Xv
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
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6
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Meriem H, Bouhairi MEL, Ben Yahya I. Non HIV oral Kaposi Sarcoma: Rare case report literature review. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2021.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Oral lymphangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma: a Brazilian case report in a scenario of a still high number of HIV infections. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 26:171-176. [PMID: 34089420 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-021-00974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a challenging case of HIV-related lymphangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma (LLKS) affecting the oral cavity. A 54-year-old Brazilian male patient was referred to our center complaining of bleeding lesions affecting the oral cavity for 2 months. Interestingly, these oral lesions were the first clinical manifestation of HIV infection. Clinically, multiple erythematous nodular and patch lesions were observed. An incisional biopsy was performed, revealing numerous microscopic angled and irregular vascular channels lined with flattened endothelial cells. More cellularized and solid areas consisting of more fusiform cells with little pleomorphism and with slit-like vascular channels were noted. Based on immunoreactivity for CD31, CD34, D2-40, and HHV-8, the final diagnosis was oral LLKS. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was initiated with dolutegravir, tenofovir, and lamivudine. During follow-up, the patient showed KS metastases to other sites and a chemotherapeutic protocol was initiated. Regression of the oral lesion was clearly noted by the clinicians 1 year after the KS diagnosis. Dentists should be able to recognize systemic diseases that affect the oral cavity such as KS in order to make an early diagnosis of its oral manifestations and to implement effective therapeutic measures to ensure a better prognosis.
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8
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Clinical Manifestations and Epigenetic Regulation of Oral Herpesvirus Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040681. [PMID: 33920978 PMCID: PMC8071331 DOI: 10.3390/v13040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is often the first site where viruses interact with the human body. The oral epithelium is a major site of viral entry, replication and spread to other cell types, where chronic infection can be established. In addition, saliva has been shown as a primary route of person-to-person transmission for many viruses. From a clinical perspective, viral infection can lead to several oral manifestations, ranging from common intraoral lesions to tumors. Despite the clinical and biological relevance of initial oral infection, little is known about the mechanism of regulation of the viral life cycle in the oral cavity. Several viruses utilize host epigenetic machinery to promote their own life cycle. Importantly, viral hijacking of host chromatin-modifying enzymes can also lead to the dysregulation of host factors and in the case of oncogenic viruses may ultimately play a role in promoting tumorigenesis. Given the known roles of epigenetic regulation of viral infection, epigenetic-targeted antiviral therapy has been recently explored as a therapeutic option for chronic viral infection. In this review, we highlight three herpesviruses with known roles in oral infection, including herpes simplex virus type 1, Epstein–Barr virus and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. We focus on the respective oral clinical manifestations of these viruses and their epigenetic regulation, with a specific emphasis on the viral life cycle in the oral epithelium.
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9
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Algorithmic Approach to Fibroinflammatory Sinonasal Tract Lesions. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:120-129. [PMID: 33723762 PMCID: PMC8010064 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroinflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract are one of the most common head and neck lesions submitted to surgical pathology. When the fibroinflammatory pattern represents the lesion (i.e., not surface reactive ulceration), an algorithmic approach can be useful. Separated into reactive, infectious, and neoplastic, and then further divided based on common to rare, this logical progression through a series of differential considerations allows for many of these lesions to be correctly diagnosed. The reactive lesions include chronic rhinosinusitis and polyps, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis. Infectious etiologies include acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, rhinoscleroma, and mycobacterial infections. The neoplastic category includes lobular capillary hemangioma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Utilizing patterns of growth, dominant cell types, and additional histologic features, selected ancillary studies help to confirm the diagnosis, guiding further clinical management.
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10
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Update on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) - review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:199-208. [PMID: 32681788 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is one of the few pathogens recognized as direct carcinogen, being involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. KSHV is a relatively recently discovered virus, with still limited possibilities for diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, ongoing studies are trying to answer the main issues related to the management of KSHV infection and its associated diseases. This review updates the current knowledge of the KSHV infection, discussing aspects related to epidemiology, virological features, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
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11
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Nodular lesion on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 131:e145-e150. [PMID: 32988806 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence, types, features, treatment and outcomes of head and neck sarcoma managed at a treatment center in eastern China. METHODS Cases of head and neck soft tissue sarcoma and osteogenic sarcoma treated at the Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing University between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient characteristics, site of lesion, main presenting symptoms, treatment, histology, local recurrence, development of metastatic disease, duration of follow-up and survival rates are described and compared. RESULTS Sixty-three patients were diagnosed with head or neck sarcoma of which 42.9% had soft tissue sarcoma and 57.1% had osteogenic sarcoma. Of soft tissue sarcoma patients, the most frequently observed histologies were fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Of 36 cases of osteogenic sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma of bone were most frequent. Mean latency period between initial symptoms and clinical presentation was 4.5 months. Radical resection was performed on 56 patients. For 33 patients, resection and radiotherapy were used and 10 patients received a triple combination of resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Within the observation period, 17 patients died. CONCLUSIONS Head and neck sarcomas, although rare, can represent a variety of pathological diagnoses. Surgery remains the main intervention although the data suggest chemotherapy, radical resection and irradiation as treatment. Outcomes are poor with high rates of local recurrence. Positive prognostic factors were tumor-free resection margins and choice of therapy. Due to the rarity of head and neck sarcoma, information remains limited and choice of treatment should be within the focus of clinical multi-center studies.
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13
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Dangerous Liaisons: Gammaherpesvirus Subversion of the Immunoglobulin Repertoire. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080788. [PMID: 32717815 PMCID: PMC7472090 DOI: 10.3390/v12080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A common biologic property of the gammaherpesviruses Epstein–Barr Virus and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus is their use of B lymphocytes as a reservoir of latency in healthy individuals that can undergo oncogenic transformation later in life. Gammaherpesviruses (GHVs) employ an impressive arsenal of proteins and non-coding RNAs to reprogram lymphocytes for proliferative expansion. Within lymphoid tissues, the germinal center (GC) reaction is a hub of B cell proliferation and death. The goal of a GC is to generate and then select for a pool of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes that will provide a protective humoral adaptive immune response. B cells infected with GHVs are detected in GCs and bear the hallmark signatures of the mutagenic processes of somatic hypermutation and isotype class switching of the Ig genes. However, data also supports extrafollicular B cells as a reservoir engaged by GHVs. Next-generation sequencing technologies provide unprecedented detail of the Ig sequence that informs the natural history of infection at the single cell level. Here, we review recent reports from human and murine GHV systems that identify striking differences in the immunoglobulin repertoire of infected B cells compared to their uninfected counterparts. Implications for virus biology, GHV-associated cancers, and host immune dysfunction will be discussed.
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Gupta K, Tun A, Gupta A, Berkowitz LB, Anwar R, Liu Y, Guevara E. A case of classic Kaposi sarcoma in an immunocompetent human immunodeficiency virus-negative Dominican man. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2020; 8:2050313X20938249. [PMID: 32670583 PMCID: PMC7339073 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20938249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma is an uncommon tumor that primarily arises in the skin and mucosal surfaces, but may metastasize to the internal organs. Four main variants of Kaposi sarcoma are recognized as the following: classic Kaposi sarcoma, which occurs in middle-aged or elderly men; epidemic Kaposi sarcoma, associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection; iatrogenic Kaposi sarcoma seen in patients on immunosuppressive drug therapy; and endemic Kaposi sarcoma. This report is of a case of classic Kaposi sarcoma in 55-year-old immunocompetent and human immunodeficiency virus-negative Dominican man who had lived in the United States for 2 years, who presented with a 2-year history of skin lesions on his lower extremities and soft palate. Biopsy of the soft palate was consistent with Kaposi sarcoma. The patient was treated with paclitaxel with a good response. This case report demonstrates the importance of recognizing that classic Kaposi sarcoma, first described almost 150 years ago, can still present in immunocompetent middle-aged men of all ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Gupta
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aung Tun
- Hematology Oncology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Raheel Anwar
- Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yingxian Liu
- Pathology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guevara
- Hematology Oncology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Choi D, Park E, Kim KE, Jung E, Seong YJ, Zhao L, Madhavan S, Daghlian G, Lee HH, Daghlian PT, Daghlian S, Bui K, Koh CJ, Wong AK, Cho IT, Hong YK. The Lymphatic Cell Environment Promotes Kaposi Sarcoma Development by Prox1-Enhanced Productive Lytic Replication of Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Virus. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3130-3144. [PMID: 32518204 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma is the most common cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals and is caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). It is believed that a small number of latently infected Kaposi sarcoma tumor cells undergo spontaneous lytic reactivation to produce viral progeny for infection of new cells. Here, we use matched donor-derived human dermal blood and lymphatic endothelial cells (BEC and LEC, respectively) to show that KSHV-infected BECs progressively lose viral genome as they proliferate. In sharp contrast, KSHV-infected LECs predominantly entered lytic replication, underwent cell lysis, and released new virus. Continuous lytic cell lysis and de novo infection allowed LEC culture to remain infected for a prolonged time. Because of the strong propensity of LECs toward lytic replication, LECs maintained virus as a population, despite the death of individual host cells from lytic lysis. The master regulator of lymphatic development, Prox1, bound the promoter of the RTA gene to upregulate its expression and physically interacted with RTA protein to coregulate lytic genes. Thus, LECs may serve as a proficient viral reservoir that provides viral progeny for continuous de novo infection of tumor origin cells, and potentially BECs and mesenchymal stem cells, which give rise to Kaposi sarcoma tumors. Our study reveals drastically different host cell behaviors between BEC and LEC and defines the underlying mechanisms of the lymphatic cell environment supporting persistent infection in Kaposi sarcoma tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: This study defines the mechanism by which Kaposi's sarcoma could be maintained by virus constantly produced by lymphatic cells in HIV-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Choi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunkyung Park
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kyu Eui Kim
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunson Jung
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Young Jin Seong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Luping Zhao
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shrimika Madhavan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - George Daghlian
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hansuh H Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patill T Daghlian
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Saren Daghlian
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Khoa Bui
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chester J Koh
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alex K Wong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Il-Taeg Cho
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to HIVKaposi’s Sarcoma Patients-Case Report. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/bjdm-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Background/Aim: The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an immunologic entity, which is due to an RNA virus. AIDS is relatively easy transmitted and has a poor prognosis. The main mechanism of this Syndrome is characterized by the destruction and diminishing of T4 lymphocytes or helper/suppressor T-cells. Kaposi’s sarcoma is a neoplasm due to human herpes HHV-8. Kaposi’s sarcoma is one of the entities that determines the disease of AIDS. Kaposi’s sarcoma appears as skin lesions and attacks the oral cavity and lymph nodes.
Case report: A male patient, with HIV-syndrome, was referred to the Special Infection Clinic of the University Hospital with a chief complaint of having two lesions, in the oral cavity and in the right ear. The histological report revealed the diagnosis of vascular tumor having morphological and immuno-histochemical characteristics compatible with Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Conclusions: The doctor must be suspicious when lesions are observed, particularly in the oral cavity. A biopsy must be taken in order to obtain the correct diagnosis and examine the possibility of the presence of Kaposi’s sarcoma or AIDS.
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17
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Widely distributed purple-colored bullae and nodules in the oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 129:551-555. [PMID: 32173385 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Keleş E, Türker C, Artaş G, Karlıdağ T. Tonsillar Kaposi Sarcoma in an HIV-Negative Patient: A Case Report. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 57:46-49. [PMID: 31049254 DOI: 10.5152/tao.2018.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare malignancy associated with AIDS and usually affects skin. The most common causative agent is the Human Herpes Virus Type 8 (HHV-8). In the literature, there are few case reports about KS with no association to AIDS. In this case report, we report a 72-year-old HIV (-) woman who presented to our clinic with a complaint of fast swelling in the right palatine tonsil and was histopathologically diagnosed as tonsillar KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Keleş
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Cihan Türker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Artaş
- Department of Pathology, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Turgut Karlıdağ
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fırat University School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
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Naqvi AR, Shango J, Seal A, Shukla D, Nares S. Herpesviruses and MicroRNAs: New Pathogenesis Factors in Oral Infection and Disease? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2099. [PMID: 30319604 PMCID: PMC6170608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity incessantly encounters a plethora of microorganisms. Effective and efficient oral innate and adaptive immune responses are incumbent to maintain healthy mucosa. A higher prevalence of Human Herpesviruses (HHV), a family of large enveloped DNA viruses, has been reported in multiple oral inflammatory diseases suggesting their involvement in disease progression. However, the viral components contributing to oral disease remain obscure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-protein coding, single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate diverse messenger RNAs. Thus, miRNAs can control large repertoire of biological processes. Changes in miRNA expression are associated with various oral infections and diseases. Cellular miRNAs can act as pro- or anti-viral factors and dysregulation of host miRNA expression occurs during herpesviruses infection. This strongly suggest a critical role of cellular miRNAs in host-herpesvirus interaction. Interestingly, HHV also encode multiple miRNAs (called viral miRNAs) that may play key role in host-pathogen interaction by modulating both host biological pathways and controlling viral life cycle. Recent studies from our laboratory have identified viral miRNAs (v-miRs) in diseased oral tissue biopsies and demonstrate their immunomodulatory roles. This review discusses the association of miRNAs (both host and viral) and herpesviruses in the pathogenesis of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar R Naqvi
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer Shango
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexandra Seal
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Salvador Nares
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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20
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Male With Sore Throat. Ann Emerg Med 2018; 71:262-269. [PMID: 29447867 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Rossi A, Ferreira L, Cuevas-Nunez M, Wright JM, De-Paula AMB, Basile JR, Jham BC. Angiopoietin-2 is expressed in oral Kaposi's sarcoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:1011-1014. [PMID: 28370338 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) persists today as a highly prevalent vascular cancer, often found in HIV patients. Studies have shown that angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), a pro-angiogenic protein, is involved in the pathogenesis of this tumor. However, expression of this protein has not been investigated in oral KS lesions. Thus, we aimed to investigate the expression of Ang2 in samples of oral KS. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate Ang2 expression in 14 oral KS cases, with degrees of expression being analyzed in a semi-quantitative manner. In addition, clinical information such as age, gender, race, tumor location, size, color, and appearance, as well as HIV status, was collected and included in the analysis. RESULTS All patients were white males, mostly HIV-positive, with a mean age of 40 years. Clinically, the lesions were dark red/blue/purple masses, ranging from 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter, found in various locations such as the tongue, palate, and gingiva. Expression of Ang2 was noted in 72% (10/14) of the samples. Of these, 10% showed weak expression, 60% moderate, and 30% strong expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Ang2 is expressed in oral KS and, consistent with results from previous studies, show that Ang2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of this lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rossi
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Leticia Ferreira
- Pathology and Medicine, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Cuevas-Nunez
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | | | | | - John R Basile
- University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruno C Jham
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
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Oral Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV-seronegative Saudi patient: Literature review and case report. Saudi Dent J 2017; 29:129-134. [PMID: 28725131 PMCID: PMC5502912 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is an intermediate neoplasm affecting the endothelial cells of mucous membranes and skin. It arises most commonly among HIV-infected individuals. We present an intra-oral KS in an 80-year-old Saudi male patient, who is HIV-seronegative, non-immunosuppressed, and with no history of organ transplantation. The patient was treated with fractionated radiation therapy, and had no recurrence in the 48 months of follow-up. The clinical disease, histologic features, and treatment modality used, as well as the relative literature are presented in this paper.
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Fricain JC, Sibaud V. [Pigmentations of the oral cavity]. Presse Med 2017; 46:303-319. [PMID: 28410949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Buccal mucosa color is explained by hemoglobin in the vessels and melanin in the epithelium. Abnormal presence of melanin pigments (hypermelaninosis, hypermelanocytosis), hematic pigments (hemoglobin, hemosiderin, iron) but also some exogenous circonstancies explain pigmented lesions (figure 1). These lesions could be localized (single lesions), multifocal (multiple lesions) or diffused. In case of a localized pigmentation with melanic appearance, melanoma must be systematically eliminated with a biopsy. In the case of a more diffused lesion, systemic disease must be evoked. A drug etiology is also possible. A blood pigment excess could be a vascular malformation (flat lesions) or a tumoral process (nodular or swollen lesions). In both cases, Kaposi's disease should be systematically eliminated. Pigmentations near dental restorations (amalgams, prosthetic crowns) could be explained by an exogenous factor but a biopsy should be performed in case of a doubt with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Fricain
- CHU de Bordeaux, Inserm U1026, UFR odontologie, consultation de pathologies buccales, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
| | - Vincent Sibaud
- Institut universitaire du cancer, Toulouse Oncopole 1, oncodermatologie et consultation pluridisciplinaire de pathologies buccales, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France
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Pérez-López D, Pena-Cristóbal M, Otero-Rey EM, Tomás I, Blanco-Carrión A. Clinical value of diascopy and other non-invasive techniques on differential diagnosis algorithms of oral pigmentations: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e448-e458. [PMID: 27703615 PMCID: PMC5045694 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic value of diascopy and other non-invasive clinical aids on recent differential diagnosis algorithms of oral mucosal pigmentations affecting subjects of any age. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data Sources: this systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source and the Cochrane Library (2000-2015); Study Selection: two reviewers independently selected all types of English articles describing differential diagnosis algorithms of oral pigmentations and checked the references of finally included papers; Data Extraction: one reviewer performed the data extraction and quality assessment based on previously defined fields while the other reviewer checked their validity. RESULTS Data Synthesis: eight narrative reviews and one single case report met the inclusion criteria. Diascopy was used on six algorithms (66.67%) and X-ray was included once (11.11%; 44.44% with text mentions); these were considered helpful tools in the diagnosis of intravascular and exogenous pigmentations, respectively. Surface rubbing was described once in the text (11.11%). CONCLUSIONS Diascopy was the most applied method followed by X-ray and surface rubbing. The limited scope of these procedures only makes them useful when a positive result is obtained, turning biopsy into the most recommended technique when diagnosis cannot be established on clinical grounds alone. Key words:Algorithm, differential diagnosis, flow chart, oral mucosa, oral pigmentation, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pérez-López
- PhD Student, Facultade de Medicina e Odontoloxía, Departamento de Estomatoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maite Pena-Cristóbal
- Postgraduate Student, Facultade de Medicina e Odontoloxía, Departamento de Estomatoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva-María Otero-Rey
- PhD, Facultade de Medicina e Odontoloxía, Departamento de Estomatoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Senior Lecturer, Oral Sciences Research Group, Facultade de Medicina e Odontoloxía, Departamento de Estomatoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés Blanco-Carrión
- Senior Lecturer, GI-1319, Facultade de Medicina e Odontoloxía, Departamento de Estomatoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Behera B, Chandrashekar L, Thappa DM, Toi PC, Vinod KV. Disseminated Kaposi's Sarcoma in an HIV-Positive Patient: A Rare Entity in an Indian Patient. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:348. [PMID: 27293276 PMCID: PMC4885209 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.182466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIDS-associated disseminated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare entity, especially in India due to the low prevalence of human herpes virus-8 infections in Indian population. Due to its rapid and progressive nature, early diagnosis and institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy is crucial in AIDS-associated KS, with a view to achieving favorable prognosis. We report a case of disseminated KS in an HIV-1 positive patient, who presented with two months history of multiple violaceous patches and plaques over the trunk, bilateral upper limbs, lower limbs, and hard palate. The patient died of recurrent massive pleural effusion before starting antiretroviral therapy. This case is being reported due to the paucity of KS in the Indian literature, especially the disseminated type and to highlight its rapidly progressive course which can be fatal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Behera
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Pampa Ch Toi
- Department of Pathology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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27
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Iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma following therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2016; 33:149-51. [PMID: 27279826 PMCID: PMC4884783 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2016.59163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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28
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Gorsane I, Bacha MM, Abderrahim E, Amri N, Hajri M, Ounissi M, Harzallah A, El Younsi F, Hedri H, Ben Abdallah T. Post kidney transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma: the experience of a Mediterranean North African center. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:372-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Gorsane
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Laboratory of Research in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mongi Bacha
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Laboratory of Research in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Abderrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Nadia Amri
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Malika Hajri
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Mondher Ounissi
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Laboratory of Research in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Amel Harzallah
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Fathi El Younsi
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Hedri
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Taieb Ben Abdallah
- Department of Internal Medicine A (M8); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Laboratory of Research in Immunology of Renal Transplantation and Immunopathology (LR03SP01); Charles Nicolle Hospital; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
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29
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Thakker S, Verma SC. Co-infections and Pathogenesis of KSHV-Associated Malignancies. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:151. [PMID: 26913028 PMCID: PMC4753363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) is one of the several carcinogenic viruses that infect humans. KSHV infection has been implicated in the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s Disease. While KSHV infection is necessary for the development of KSHV associated malignancies, it is not sufficient to induce tumorigenesis. Evidently, other co-factors are essential for the progression of KSHV induced malignancies. One of the most important co-factors, necessary for the progression of KSHV induced tumors, is immune suppression that frequently arises during co-infection with HIV and also by other immune suppressants. In this mini-review, we discuss the roles of co-infection with HIV and other pathogens on KSHV infection and pathogenesis.
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Biswas A, Prasad A, Sriram P. Unusual case of HIV with Kaposi sarcoma and neuroendocrine tumour. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2015-211017. [PMID: 26759394 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-211017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Biswas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashish Prasad
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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31
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Kaposi sarcoma presenting as “diffuse gingival enlargement”: Report of three cases. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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32
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An impacted mandibular left third molar and pericoronitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 145:1146-51. [PMID: 25359647 DOI: 10.14219/jada.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Isolated kaposi sarcoma of the tonsil: a case report and review of the scientific literature. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2015; 2015:874548. [PMID: 25755902 PMCID: PMC4338387 DOI: 10.1155/2015/874548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma is a tumour caused by human herpes virus 8, also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus. It usually affects the skin and oral mucosa; however, it can also sometimes affect the lungs, the liver, the stomach, the bowel, and lymph nodes. Several body sites may be affected simultaneously. The involvement of the tonsils is rare. We described an isolated localization of Kaposi's sarcoma of the right tonsil in a HIV-positive patient.
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Argyris PP, Nelson AC, Papanakou S, Merkourea S, Tosios KI, Koutlas IG. Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia featuring unusual p16INK4A labeling and negative human papillomavirus status by polymerase chain reaction. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:37-44. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios P. Argyris
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Dentistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Andrew C. Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; School of Medicine; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Styliani Papanakou
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Stavroula Merkourea
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Konstantinos I. Tosios
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Ioannis G. Koutlas
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Dentistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
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Abstract
Oral herpes virus infections (OHVIs) are among the most common mucosal disorders encountered by oral health care providers. These infections can affect individuals at any age, from infants to the elderly, and may cause significant pain and dysfunction. Immunosuppressed patients may be at increased risk for serious and potential life-threatening complications caused by OHVIs. Clinicians may have difficulty in diagnosing these infections because they can mimic other conditions of the oral mucosa. This article provides oral health care providers with clinically relevant information regarding etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of OHVIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Balasubramaniam
- Orofacial Pain Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Perth Oral Medicine and Dental Sleep Centre, St John of God Hospital, Suite 311, 25 McCourt Street, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Arthur S Kuperstein
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Room 207, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric T Stoopler
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Room 206, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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36
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Association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and sarcoma risk among Caucasians. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4807-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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