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Pasanen A, Sliz E, Huilaja L, Reimann E, Mägi R, Laisk T, Tasanen K, Kettunen J. Identifying Atopic Dermatitis Risk Loci in 1,094,060 Individuals with Subanalysis of Disease Severity and Onset. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00285-9. [PMID: 38663478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease highly attributable to genetic factors. In this study, we report results from a genome-wide meta-analysis of AD in 37,541 cases and 1,056,519 controls with data from the FinnGen project, the Estonian Biobank, the UK Biobank, the EAGLE Consortium, and the BioBank Japan. We detected 77 independent AD-associated loci, of which 10 were, to our knowledge, previously unreported. The associated loci showed enrichment in various immune regulatory processes. We further performed subgroup analyses of mild and severe AD and of early- and late-onset AD, with data from the FinnGen project. Fifty-five of the 79 tested variants in the associated loci showed larger effect estimates for severe than for mild AD as determined through administered treatment. The age of onset, as determined by the first hospital visit with AD diagnosis, was lower in patients with particular AD-risk alleles. Our findings add to the knowledge of the genetic background of AD and may underlie the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Pasanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eeva Sliz
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Huilaja
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ene Reimann
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Laisk
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaisa Tasanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Lu R, Peng Z, Lian P, Wazir J, Gu C, Ma C, Wei L, Li L, Pu W, Liu J, Wang H, Su Z. Vitamin D attenuates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by inhibiting immune response and restoring skin barrier function. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110558. [PMID: 37393836 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease causing erythema and itching. The etiology of AD is complex and not yet clear. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that promotes skin cell growth and differentiation and regulates immune function. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of calcifediol, the active metabolite of vitamin D, on experimental AD and the possible mechanism of action. We found that the levels of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in biopsy skin samples from AD patients decreased compared with controls. We used 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to induce an AD mouse model on the ear and back of BALB/c mice. A total of five groups were used: the control group, the AD group, the AD + calcifediol group, the AD + dexamethasone group, and the calcifediol alone group. Under calcifediol treatment, mice exhibited reduced spinous layer thickening, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, downregulated aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression, and restored the barrier function of the skin. Simultaneous calcifediol treatment decreased STAT3 phosphorylation, inhibited inflammation and chemokine release, decreased AKT1 and mTOR phosphorylation, and suppressed epidermal cell proliferation and abnormal differentiation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that calcifediol significantly protected mice against DNCB-induced AD. In a mouse model of AD, calcifediol may reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and chemokines by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 and may restore skin barrier function through the downregulation of AQP3 protein expression and inhibition of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ziqi Peng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Panpan Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chaode Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chujun Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lulu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenyuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Zhonglan Su
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Ernstsen CV, Riishede A, Iversen AKS, Bay L, Bjarnsholt T, Nejsum LN. E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 are downregulated in wound edges of human chronic wounds. APMIS 2023. [PMID: 37267058 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are defined as wounds that fail to proceed through the normal phases of wound healing; a complex process involving different dynamic events including migration of keratinocytes in the epidermis. Chronic wounds are estimated to affect 1-2% of the human population worldwide and are a major socioeconomic burden. The prevalence of chronic wounds is expected to increase with the rising number of elderly and patients with diabetes and obesity, who are at high risk of developing chronic wounds. Since E-cadherin and the water channel aquaporin-3 are important for both skin function and cell migration, and aquaporin-3 is furthermore involved in wound healing of the skin demonstrated by impaired wound healing in aquaporin-3-null mice, we hypothesized that E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 expression may be dysregulated in chronic wounds. Therefore, we investigated the expression of E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 in biopsies from the edges of chronic wounds from human patients. This was accomplished by immunohistochemical stainings of E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 on serial sections followed by qualitative evaluation of staining patterns, which revealed low expression of both E-cadherin and aquaporin-3 at the wound edge. Future studies are needed to reveal if this downregulation is associated with the pathophysiology of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Riishede
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Kristine S Iversen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Bay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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In Vitro and Ex Vivo Mechanistic Understanding and Clinical Evidence of a Novel Anti-Wrinkle Technology in Single-Arm, Monocentric, Open-Label Observational Studies. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a biological process leading to visible skin alterations. The mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and tolerance of a novel anti-wrinkle technology were evaluated in two skin care products formulated for different skin types. Two single-arm monocentric, open-label observational clinical studies, which were 56 days long, evaluated a cream-gel (n = 30) and a cream (n = 33) on the face and neck. Morphometric analyses of five types of wrinkles were performed at 0, 7, 28 and 56 days. Structural changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid (HA) were visualized and quantified by histochemical imaging after daily treatment of skin explants for 6 days. Protein and gene expression related to barrier and hydration were analyzed using ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively, in a reconstituted human skin model treated daily for 48 h. A decrease in wrinkle dimensions was found in the majority of parameters after 28 days of treatment. Collagen, elastin, HA, procollagen type I, hyaluronan synthases, HAS2 and HAS3 were all stimulated. Based on significant and consistent changes in our investigations, we conclude that the underlying mechanism of action of the novel anti-wrinkle technology could be the remodeling of dermal ECM, and both the test formulations were efficacious and well tolerated.
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Li C, Lu Y, Han X. Identification of Effective Diagnostic Biomarkers and Immune Cell Infiltration in Atopic Dermatitis by Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:917077. [PMID: 35911963 PMCID: PMC9330059 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.917077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a dermatological disorder characterized by symptoms such as chronically inflamed skin and frequently intolerable itching. The mechanism underlying AD development is still unclear. Our study aims to identify the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for AD and provide insight into immune mechanisms at the molecular level through bioinformatics analysis.Methods: The GSE6012, GSE32924, and GSE36842 gene expression profiles were obtained for analysis from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were segregated using the “Batch correction” and “RobustRankAggreg” methods. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to screen for module genes with AD traits. Then, common DEGs (co-DEGs) were screened out via combined differential expression analysis and WGCNA. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for these co-DEGs using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), followed by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Candidate hub genes were identified using the “cytoHubba” plugin in Cytoscape, and their value for AD diagnosis was validated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the external database GSE120721. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for further validation. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate skin samples obtained from healthy controls (HCs) and lesions of AD patients, to determine the extent of immune cell infiltration. The association between the identified hub genes and significant differential immune cells was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results: A total of 259 DEGs were acquired from the intersection of DEGs obtained by the two independent procedures, and 331 AD-trait module genes were separated out from the blue module via WGCNA analysis. Then, 169 co-DEGs arising from the intersection of the 259 DEGs and the 331 AD-trait module genes were obtained. We found that co-DEGs were significantly enhanced in the type I interferon and IL-17 signal transduction pathways. Thirteen potential hub genes were identified using Cytoscape. Five hub genes (CCR7, CXCL10, IRF7, MMP1, and RRM2) were identified after screening via external dataset validation and immunohistochemical analysis. We also identified four significant differential immune cells, i.e., activated dendritic cells, plasma cells, resting mast cells, and CD4+ naïve T cells, between AD patients and HCs. Moreover, the relationship between the identified hub genes and significant differential immune cells was analyzed. The results showed that the CCR7 expression level was positively correlated with the number of CD4+ naïve T cells (R = 0.42, p = 0.011).Conclusion: CCR7, CXCL10, IRF7, MMP1, and RRM2 could be potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for AD. CCR7 expression level was positively correlated with the number of CD4+ naïve T cells in AD. These findings need to be corroborated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongping Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuping Han, ; Yongping Lu,
| | - Xiuping Han
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuping Han, ; Yongping Lu,
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Integrative analysis to explore the biological association between environmental skin diseases and ambient particulate matter. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9750. [PMID: 35697899 PMCID: PMC9192598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous experimental studies have suggested a significant association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and respiratory damage, the etiological relationship between ambient PM and environmental skin diseases is not clearly understood. Here, we aimed to explore the association between PM and skin diseases through biological big data analysis. Differential gene expression profiles associated with PM and environmental skin diseases were retrieved from public genome databases. The co-expression among them was analyzed using a text-mining-based network analysis software. Activation/inhibition patterns from RNA-sequencing data performed with PM2.5-treated normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were overlapped to select key regulators of the analyzed pathways. We explored the adverse effects of PM on the skin and attempted to elucidate their relationships using public genome data. We found that changes in upstream regulators and inflammatory signaling networks mediated by MMP-1, MMP-9, PLAU, S100A9, IL-6, and S100A8 were predicted as the key pathways underlying PM-induced skin diseases. Our integrative approach using a literature-based co-expression analysis and experimental validation not only improves the reliability of prediction but also provides assistance to clarify underlying mechanisms of ambient PM-induced dermal toxicity that can be applied to screen the relationship between other chemicals and adverse effects.
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Zerumbone Treatment Upregulates Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis via the MAPK, CREB, STAT3, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in HaCaT Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.); (A.J.Y.); Tel.: +44-121-204-4274 (R.M.B.); +61-8-8313-3359 (A.J.Y.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.); (A.J.Y.); Tel.: +44-121-204-4274 (R.M.B.); +61-8-8313-3359 (A.J.Y.)
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Ding W, Fan L, Tian Y, He C. Study of the protective effects of cosmetic ingredients on the skin barrier, based on the expression of barrier-related genes and cytokines. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:989-995. [PMID: 34799820 PMCID: PMC8825566 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Sensitive skin is the result of a complex process that is closely linked to the damage of the skin barrier. There are no recognized methods for evaluating the efficacy of anti-allergy products. Methods In this study, a model of skin barrier damage was created by treating HaCaT cells with 60 μg/ml of sodium dodecyl sulfate for 48 h. The protective effects of nine cosmetic ingredients, including oat extract (S1), on the skin barrier were investigated based on the gene expression levels of aquaporin3 (AQP3), filaggrin (FLG), caspase-14 (CASP14), and human tissue kallikrein7 (KLK7), as well as those of various interleukins (IL) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results Among the nine ingredients, S1 had a good protective effect on the function of the skin barrier. It promoted the expression of AQP3, FLG, and CASP14, while inhibiting the expression of KLK7 in HaCaT cells, at a concentration of 0.06%. It also maintained IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF at appropriate levels while promoting the proliferation and differentiation of HaCaT cells. Conclusions The above indicators allow for the preliminary establishment of a method to evaluate the efficacy of the barrier protection ability of sensitive skin. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-021-06918-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Ding
- Cosmetics Department, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Linna Fan
- Cosmetics Department, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Congfen He
- Cosmetics Department, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Wu XX, Siu WS, Wat CL, Chan CL, Koon CM, Li X, Cheng W, Ma H, Tsang MSM, Lam CWK, Leung PC, Lau CBS, Wong CK. Effects of topical application of a tri-herb formula on inflammatory dry-skin condition in mice with oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153691. [PMID: 34425472 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory and pruritic skin disease, affecting 10-20% of the population worldwide. Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (Paeoniaceae) (Cortex Moutan) and Mentha haplocalyx Briq. (Labiatae) (Herba Menthae) have shown beneficial effects on AD. Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) is commonly used for treating skin rashes and wounds. PURPOSE In the present study, a three-herbs formula including Cortex Moutan and Herba Menthae, together with C. officinalis at 1:1:1 weight ratio was used as a topical agent and its therapeutic effects on AD was investigated. METHODS In vitro effects of individual herbs and three-herbs formula (0.125-1 mg/ml) were examined using cytokine release assay on human mast HMC-1 cells, inflammation test on murine macrophage RAW cells and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, and migration scratch assay on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The contributing functional pathway of three-herbs formula in AD was explored using Western Blot assay in HMC-1 cells. Oxazolone-induced AD-like mice model was also used to investigate the in vivo therapeutic effect of the topical application of the three-herbs formula. RESULTS Herba Menthae, Cortex Moutan, and three-herbs formula significantly reduced the production of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in HMC-1 cells, inhibited the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 in TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulated HaCaT cells, and suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, Herba Menthae and three-herbs formula significantly suppressed CCL2 and TNF-α production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. C. officinalis and three-herbs formula promoted wound healing in HUVEC. For intracellular mechanisms, three-herbs formula inhibited the expressions of molecules in STAT1 and STAT3-dependent pathways. In vivo model showed that topical application of three-herbs formula on challenged ear reduced ear swelling and mice scratching frequencies. H&E and toluidine blue staining of the challenged ear tissue demonstrated that three-herbs formula reduced the epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration, respectively. CONCLUSION The three-herbs formula of Cortex Moutan, Herba Menthae and C. officinalis at 1:1:1 (w/w) exhibited anti-inflammatory effect and promotion of cell migration in vitro. It also alleviated ear redness, swelling, epidermal thickness and inflammation of the OXA-induced AD mice. These findings suggest a potential beneficial role of the topical application of the three-herbs formula for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao Wu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Ling Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin Man Tsang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous disorder with varying phenotypes. Although AD has long been associated with barrier dysfunction, the pathogenesis of this disease is more complex, involving many molecular markers in different functional domains. Biomarkers can be helpful in different ways, including predicting prognosis, measuring treatment response, and gauging disease severity. With the advent of targeted immunomodulators, biomarkers have the potential to take on new significance in terms of selecting appropriate therapies for patients. In this review, we have summarized the key findings related to biomarkers and AD, including the specific subtype differences. Clinicians will use this information to better understand the potential of biomarkers in AD and have a guide because more specific treatments are developed that are tailored toward individual molecular profiles.
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da Silva IV, Silva AG, Pimpão C, Soveral G. Skin aquaporins as druggable targets: Promoting health by addressing the disease. Biochimie 2021; 188:35-44. [PMID: 34097985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the most vulnerable organ of the human body since it is the first line of defense, covering the entire external body surface. Additionally, skin has a critical role in thermoregulation, sensation, immunological surveillance, and biochemical processes such as Vitamin D3 production by ultraviolet irradiation. The ability of the skin layers and resident cells to maintain skin physiology, such as hydration, regulation of keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation and wound healing, is supported by key proteins such as aquaporins (AQPs) that facilitate the movements of water and small neutral solutes across membranes. Various AQP isoforms have been detected in different skin-resident cells where they perform specific roles, and their dysregulation has been associated with several skin pathologies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of AQPs involvement in skin physiology and pathology, highlighting their potential as druggable targets for the treatment of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia G Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pimpão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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13
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Yi JZ, McGee JS. Epigenetic-modifying therapies: An emerging avenue for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1167-1176. [PMID: 33752257 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification and the action of microRNAs. These mechanisms coordinate in complex networks to control gene expression, thereby regulating key physiological processes in the skin and immune system. Recently, researchers have turned to the epigenome to understand the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. In psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, epigenetic modifications contribute to key pathogenic events such as immune activation, T-cell polarization and keratinocyte dysfunction. These discoveries have introduced new possibilities for the treatment of skin diseases; unlike genetics, epigenetic alterations are readily modifiable and potentially reversible. In this viewpoint essay, we summarize the current state of epigenetic research in inflammatory skin diseases and propose that targeting the histone machinery is a promising avenue for the development of new therapies for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Expanding on the progress that has already been made in the field of cancer epigenetics, we discuss existing epigenetic-modifying tools that can be applied to the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and consider future directions for investigation in order to allow for the widespread clinical application of such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Z Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean S McGee
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Azad AK, Raihan T, Ahmed J, Hakim A, Emon TH, Chowdhury PA. Human Aquaporins: Functional Diversity and Potential Roles in Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:654865. [PMID: 33796134 PMCID: PMC8007926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins and found in all living organisms from bacteria to human. AQPs mainly involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water as well as various small solutes in a bidirectional manner are widely distributed in various human tissues. Human contains 13 AQPs (AQP0-AQP12) which are divided into three sub-classes namely orthodox aquaporin (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8), aquaglyceroporin (AQP3, 7, 9, and 10) and super or unorthodox aquaporin (AQP11 and 12) based on their pore selectivity. Human AQPs are functionally diverse, which are involved in wide variety of non-infectious diseases including cancer, renal dysfunction, neurological disorder, epilepsy, skin disease, metabolic syndrome, and even cardiac diseases. However, the association of AQPs with infectious diseases has not been fully evaluated. Several studies have unveiled that AQPs can be regulated by microbial and parasitic infections that suggest their involvement in microbial pathogenesis, inflammation-associated responses and AQP-mediated cell water homeostasis. This review mainly aims to shed light on the involvement of AQPs in infectious and non-infectious diseases and potential AQPs-target modulators. Furthermore, AQP structures, tissue-specific distributions and their physiological relevance, functional diversity and regulations have been discussed. Altogether, this review would be useful for further investigation of AQPs as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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15
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Leung DYM, Berdyshev E, Goleva E. Cutaneous barrier dysfunction in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 145:1485-1497. [PMID: 32507227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental defect(s) that drives atopic dermatitis (AD) remains controversial. "Outside in" proponents point to the important association of filaggrin gene mutations and other skin barrier defects with AD. The "inside out" proponents derive support from evidence that AD occurs in genetic animal models with overexpression of type 2 immune pathways in their skin, and humans with gain-of-function mutations in their type 2 response develop severe AD. The observation that therapeutic biologics, targeting type 2 immune responses, can reverse AD provides compelling support for the importance of "inside out" mechanisms of AD. In this review, we propose a central role for epithelial cell dysfunction that accounts for the dual role of skin barrier defects and immune pathway activation in AD. The complexity of AD has its roots in the dysfunction of the epithelial barrier that allows the penetration of allergens, irritants, and microbes into a cutaneous milieu that facilitates the induction of type 2 immune responses. The AD phenotypes and endotypes that result in chronic skin inflammation and barrier dysfunction are modified by genes, innate/adaptive immune responses, and different environmental factors that cause skin barrier dysfunction. There is also compelling evidence that skin barrier dysfunction can alter the course of childhood asthma, food allergy, and allergic rhinosinusitis. Effective management of AD requires a multipronged approach, not only restoring cutaneous barrier function, microbial flora, and immune homeostasis but also enhancing skin epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
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16
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Ala M, Mohammad Jafari R, Hajiabbasi A, Dehpour AR. Aquaporins and diseases pathogenesis: From trivial to undeniable involvements, a disease-based point of view. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6115-6135. [PMID: 33559160 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), as transmembrane proteins, were primarily identified as water channels with the ability of regulating the transmission of water, glycerol, urea, and other small-sized molecules. The classic view of AQPs involvement in therapeutic plan restricted them and their regulators into managing only a narrow spectrum of the diseases such as diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. However, further investigations performed, especially in the third millennium, has found that their cooperation in water transmission control can be manipulated to handle other burden-imposing diseases such as cirrhosis, heart failure, Meniere's disease, cancer, bullous pemphigoid, eczema, and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Hajiabbasi
- Guilan Rheumatology Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Cicadidae Periostracum Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms and Pathology via the Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8878153. [PMID: 33520088 PMCID: PMC7817262 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8878153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease of complex etiology. Despite its increasing prevalence, treatment for AD is still limited. Crude drugs, including herbal extracts or natural resources, are being used to treat AD symptoms, with minimum side effects. Cicadidae Periostracum (CP), derived from the slough of insects belonging to the family Cicadidae, is a commonly used crude drug in traditional Asian medicine to treat/control epilepsy, shock, and edema. However, the effect of CP on AD-like skin lesions is unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of a CP water extract on AD disease development in vivo, using a house dust mite-induced AD mouse model, and in vitro, using HaCaT keratinocytes and a 3D human skin equivalent system. Importantly, CP administration alleviated house dust mite-induced AD-like symptoms, suggested by the quantified dermatitis scores, animal scratching behaviors, skin moisture retention capacity, and skin lesion and ear thickness. Furthermore, histopathological analysis demonstrated that CP decreased intralesional mast cell infiltration. In addition, CP treatments decreased the systemic levels of immunoglobulin E, histamine, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and the local mRNA expression of TSLP and several Th1/Th2 cytokines. Our data suggest that these effects were mediated by the inhibition of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. In vivo and in vitro CP treatments resulted in the downregulation of inflammasome components, such as ASC and cleaved caspase-1, as well as related mediators such as IL-1β and reactive oxygen species. Collectively, our results suggest that CP is a potential therapeutic agent for AD, controlling inflammatory responses through the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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18
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Uluçkan Ö, Jiménez M, Roediger B, Schnabl J, Díez-Córdova LT, Troulé K, Weninger W, Wagner EF. Cutaneous Immune Cell-Microbiota Interactions Are Controlled by Epidermal JunB/AP-1. Cell Rep 2020; 29:844-859.e3. [PMID: 31644908 PMCID: PMC6856727 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multi-factorial skin disease with a complex inflammatory signature including type 2 and type 17 activation. Although colonization by S. aureus is common in AD, the mechanisms rendering an organism prone to dysbiosis, and the role of IL-17A in the control of S. aureus-induced skin inflammation, are not well understood. Here, we show several pathological aspects of AD, including type 2/type 17 immune responses, elevated IgE, barrier dysfunction, pruritus, and importantly, spontaneous S. aureus colonization in JunBΔep mice, with a large transcriptomic overlap with AD. Additionally, using Rag1−/− mice, we demonstrate that adaptive immune cells are necessary for protection against S. aureus colonization. Prophylactic antibiotics, but not antibiotics after established dysbiosis, reduce IL-17A expression and skin inflammation, examined using Il17a-eGFP reporter mice. Mechanistically, keratinocytes lacking JunB exhibit higher MyD88 levels in vitro and in vivo, previously shown to regulate S. aureus colonization. In conclusion, our data identify JunB as an upstream regulator of microbiota-immune cell interactions and characterize the IL-17A response upon spontaneous dysbiosis. JunBΔep mice display several defining features of atopic dermatitis Skin of JunBΔep mice are colonized by human-derived S. aureus Adaptive immune system is necessary for protection against S. aureus JunB is an upstream regulator of the microbiota-immune cell interactions
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Uluçkan
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Jiménez
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ben Roediger
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jakob Schnabl
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía T Díez-Córdova
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin Troulé
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Butler É, Lundqvist C, Axelsson J. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a Novel Topical Cosmetic Ingredient: A Proof of Concept Clinical Study in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071026. [PMID: 32664536 PMCID: PMC7409218 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin where sufferers can frequently be subject to infections. Probiotics are known to be potent immune-modulators, and live Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 has shown to be anti-inflammatory but also to possess antimicrobial and barrier function properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare two investigational ointment products (topical probiotic and control) for cutaneous acceptability, safety, and efficacy under normal conditions of use, in adult subjects with atopic dermatitis. The products were applied twice daily for 8 weeks, and cutaneous acceptability, SCORAD index, local SCORAD, and adverse events were evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. At the end of the observations, it was demonstrated that both the probiotic-containing and probiotic-free ointments were both cutaneously acceptable and safe. It importantly showed a statistically and clinically significant improvement of the SCORAD index and local SCORAD in adult subjects with AD after 4 and 8 weeks of continuous use. In conclusion, we show evidence that the probiotic product, containing live L. reuteri DSM 17938 as an extra ingredient, is safe and promising as a novel topical cosmetic ointment and with further testing could be a standard topical product for the management of atopic dermatitis or other disorders associated with the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éile Butler
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Faculty of health and society, Department of Health Biomedical, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 25, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jakob Axelsson
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Tengvall K, Bergvall K, Olsson M, Ardesjö-Lundgren B, Farias FHG, Kierczak M, Hedhammar Å, Lindblad-Toh K, Andersson G. Transcriptomes from German shepherd dogs reveal differences in immune activity between atopic dermatitis affected and control skin. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:315-323. [PMID: 32556497 PMCID: PMC7320941 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors described. We performed mRNA sequencing of non-lesional axillary skin biopsies from nine German shepherd dogs. Obtained RNA sequences were mapped to the dog genome (CanFam3.1) and a high-quality skin transcriptome was generated with 23,510 expressed gene transcripts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by comparing three controls to five treated CAD cases. Using a leave-one-out analysis, we identified seven DEGs: five known to encode proteins with functions related to an activated immune system (CD209, CLEC4G, LOC102156842 (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-like), LOC480601 (regakine-1-like), LOC479668 (haptoglobin-like)), one (OBP) encoding an odorant-binding protein potentially connected to rhinitis, and the last (LOC607095) encoding a novel long non-coding RNA. Furthermore, high mRNA expression of inflammatory genes was found in axillary skin from an untreated mild CAD case compared with healthy skin. In conclusion, we define genes with different expression patterns in CAD case skin helping us understand post-treatment atopic skin. Further studies in larger sample sets are warranted to confirm and to transfer these results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - K Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Olsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - B Ardesjö-Lundgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F H G Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - M Kierczak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Perphenazine Attenuates the Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Models of Th2-Type Allergic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093241. [PMID: 32375285 PMCID: PMC7247351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing dermatitis therapeutics has been faced with challenges including adverse effects of topical steroid and high cost of new developing drugs. Here, we found the expression levels of dopamine receptor D2 is higher in skin biopsies of dermatitis patients and an oxazolone-induced animal model of dermatitis. We used perphenazine, an FDA-approved dopamine receptor antagonist to determine the therapeutic effect. Two different animal models including 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and oxazolone (OXA)-induced dermatitis were employed. TPA and OXA-mediated ear swelling was attenuated by perphenazine. Moreover, perphenazine inhibited infiltrated mast cells into lesion area. We found levels of serum IgE, histamine and cytokines are decreased in mice cotreated with perphenazine and OXA compared to OXA-treated mice. Overall, this is a first study showing that the FDA-approved, anti-psychotic drug, perphenazine, alleviates animal models of dermatitis.
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22
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Choi SY, Lee C, Heo MJ, Choi YM, An IS, Bae S, An S, Jung JH. Metformin ameliorates animal models of dermatitis. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1293-1300. [PMID: 32347398 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a potent AMPK activator is the most commonly used drug for diabetes. According to recent reports, metformin lowers the risk of diabetic complications and inflammatory diseases. We found the expression levels of AMPK subunits including PRKAA1, PRKAA2, PRKAB1 and PRKAB2 are decreased in skin biopsies of dermatitis patients from multiple datasets. Interestingly, metformin treatment ameliorates dermatitis symptom in animal model of dermatitis using O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Especially, the levels of epidermis and dermis thickness were decreased by metformin. We found NFκB activity as well as of gene expression associated with collagen synthesis are attenuated by metformin treatment. These results suggest that metformin treatment alleviates animal model of dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Choi
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - Chanmi Lee
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Heo
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - Yeong Min Choi
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Jung
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Science, GeneCellPharm Corporation, 375 Munjeong 2(i)-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, South Korea.
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23
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Air Particulate Matter Induces Skin Barrier Dysfunction and Water Transport Alteration on a Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2343-2352.e3. [PMID: 32339540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the damage that particulate matter (PM) can cause in skin is important for tightly controlling the release of air pollutants and preventing more serious diseases. This study investigates if such alterations are present in reconstructed human epidermis exposed to coarse air PM. Exposure of reconstructed human epidermis to increasing concentrations (2.2, 8.9, and 17.9 μg/cm2) of standard urban PM over time led to decreased cell viability at 48 hours. The barrier function was shown to be compromised by 24 hours of exposure to high doses (17.9 μg/cm2). Morphological alterations included cytoplasm vacuolization and partial loss of epidermal stratification. Cytokeratin 10, involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin protein levels were significantly decreased. We confirmed an inflammatory process by IL-1α release and found a significant increase in AQP3 expression. We also demonstrated changes in NOTCH1 and AhR expression of epidermis treated with coarse air PM. The use of hydrogen peroxide altered AQP3 and NOTCH1 expression, and the use of N-acetyl-L-cysteine altered NOTCH1 expression, suggesting that this is a redox-dependent process. These results demonstrate that coarse air PM induces dose-dependent inflammatory response and alterations in protein markers of differentiation and water transport in the epidermis that could ultimately compromise the structural integrity of the skin, promoting or exacerbating various skin diseases.
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24
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Bollag WB, Aitkens L, White J, Hyndman KA. Aquaporin-3 in the epidermis: more than skin deep. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1144-C1153. [PMID: 32267715 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00075.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skin is essential for terrestrial life. It is responsible for regulating water permeability and functions as a mechanical barrier that protects against environmental insults such as microbial infection, ultraviolet light, injury, and heat and cold, which could damage the cells of the body and compromise survival of the organism. This barrier is provided by the outer layer, the epidermis, which is composed predominantly of keratinocytes; keratinocytes undergo a program of differentiation to form the stratum corneum comprising the cornified squame "bricks" and lipid "mortar." Dysregulation of this differentiation program can result in skin diseases, including psoriasis and nonmelanoma skin cancers, among others. Accumulating evidence in the literature indicates that the water-, glycerol-, and hydrogen peroxide-transporting channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays a key role in various processes involved in keratinocyte function, and abnormalities in this channel have been observed in several human skin diseases. Here, we discuss the data linking AQP3 to keratinocyte proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival as well as its role in skin properties and functions like hydration, water retention, wound healing, and barrier repair. We also discuss the mechanisms regulating AQP3 levels, localization, and function and the anomalies in AQP3 that are associated with various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lorry Aitkens
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Joseph White
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kelly A Hyndman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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2-deoxy-d-glucose Ameliorates Animal Models of Dermatitis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020020. [PMID: 31991554 PMCID: PMC7167934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is a key metabolic pathway that orchestrates cellular homeostasis by generating ATP, nucleotides, and amino acids. Abnormal glucose signaling has been found in many diseases including cancers and inflammatory diseases. According to recent report, glycolysis contributes to pathogenesis of psoriasis and ablation of Glut1 attenuates animal models of psoriasis. While we were screening a molecular target for atopic dermatitis, we found the levels of glucose transporters including Glut1 (SLC2a1) and Glut3 (SLC2a3) are highly expressed in skin biopsies of dermatitis patients from multiple datasets. We demonstrated that administration of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) ameliorates animal models of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and oxazolone induced dermatitis using morphological and histological analysis. These results suggest that inhibition of glucose metabolism ameliorates dermatitis in animal models.
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Review-Current Concepts in Inflammatory Skin Diseases Evolved by Transcriptome Analysis: In-Depth Analysis of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030699. [PMID: 31973112 PMCID: PMC7037913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, high-throughput assessment of gene expression in patient tissues using microarray technology or RNA-Seq took center stage in clinical research. Insights into the diversity and frequency of transcripts in healthy and diseased conditions provide valuable information on the cellular status in the respective tissues. Growing with the technique, the bioinformatic analysis toolkit reveals biologically relevant pathways which assist in understanding basic pathophysiological mechanisms. Conventional classification systems of inflammatory skin diseases rely on descriptive assessments by pathologists. In contrast to this, molecular profiling may uncover previously unknown disease classifying features. Thereby, treatments and prognostics of patients may be improved. Furthermore, disease models in basic research in comparison to the human disease can be directly validated. The aim of this article is not only to provide the reader with information on the opportunities of these techniques, but to outline potential pitfalls and technical limitations as well. Major published findings are briefly discussed to provide a broad overview on the current findings in transcriptomics in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Ikarashi N, Mizukami N, Kon R, Kaneko M, Uchino R, Fujisawa I, Fukuda N, Sakai H, Kamei J. Study of the Mechanism Underlying the Onset of Diabetic Xeroderma Focusing on an Aquaporin-3 in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153782. [PMID: 31382467 PMCID: PMC6696158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma is a frequent complication in diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the onset of diabetic xeroderma, focusing on aquaporin-3 (AQP3), which plays an important role in water transport in the skin. Dermal water content in diabetic mice was significantly lower than that in control mice. The expression level of AQP3 in the skin was significantly lower in diabetic mice than in control mice. One week after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment, despite their increased blood glucose levels, mice showed no changes in the expression levels of AQP3, Bmal1, Clock, and D site-binding protein (Dbp) in the skin and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the urine. In contrast, two weeks after STZ treatment, mice showed increases in the blood glucose level, decreases in AQP3, Bmal1, Clock, and Dbp levels, and increases in the urinary levels of 8-OHdG. The results of this study suggest that skin AQP3 expression decreases in diabetes, which may limit water transport from the vessel side to the corneum side, causing dry skin. In addition, in diabetic mice, increased oxidative stress triggered decreases in the expression levels of Bmal1 and Clock in the skin, thereby inhibiting the transcription of Aqp3 by Dbp, which resulted in decreased AQP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Nanaho Mizukami
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ryogo Uchino
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Fujisawa
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Natsuko Fukuda
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Ito M, Morita T, Okazaki S, Koto M, Ichikawa Y, Takayama R, Hoashi T, Saeki H, Kanda N. Dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 2019; 46:515-521. [PMID: 30985031 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits can modulate the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. We evaluated these habits in adult Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis using a validated, brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and compared the results to those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients with atopic dermatitis showed higher intakes of carbohydrate and potatoes and lower intakes of alcohol, niacin, meat and oils/fats compared with those of the healthy controls. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of alcohol was negatively associated with atopic dermatitis (odds ratio, 0.905; 95% confidence interval, 0.832-0.983; P = 0.0181). The intakes of vitamin B6 and fruit were positively correlated with the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that vitamin B6 intake was a predictor of the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (β = 26.98508709, t = 2.3995292, P = 0.01933781). The intakes of vegetable fat, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and confections were lower in the severe atopic dermatitis group (severity scoring of atopic dermatitis, ≥33) than those in the mild group. Atopic dermatitis is negatively associated with alcohol intake, and intake of vitamin B6 is a predictor of severity scoring of atopic dermatitis. The intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid is lower in the severe atopic dermatitis group than that in the mild group. Further study is warranted on the relationships of these results with abnormal immune responses, impaired skin barrier or pruritus in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Shizuka Okazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Mototaka Koto
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Yuri Ichikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takayama
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
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Downregulation of aquaporin 3 in bullous pemphigoid patients. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 311:93-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bellezza G, Vannucci J, Bianconi F, Metro G, Del Sordo R, Andolfi M, Ferri I, Siccu P, Ludovini V, Puma F, Sidoni A, Cagini L. Prognostic implication of aquaporin 1 overexpression in resected lung adenocarcinoma. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018; 25:856-861. [PMID: 29106595 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aquaporins (AQPs) are a group of transmembrane water-selective channel proteins thought to play a role in the regulation of water permeability for plasma membranes. Indeed, high AQP levels have been suggested to promote the progression, invasion and metastasis of tumours. Specifically, AQP1 and AQP5 overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma (AC) have been suggested to be involved in molecular mechanisms in lung cancer. The aim of this retrospective cohort single-centre study was to assess both the levels of expression and therein the prognostic significance, regarding outcome of AQP1 and AQP5 in resected AC patients. METHODS Patients with histological diagnoses of lung AC submitted to pulmonary resection were included in this cohort study. Tissue microarrays containing cores from 185 ACs were prepared. AQP1 and AQP5 expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results were scored as either low (Score 0-2) or high (Score 3-9). Clinical data, pathological tumour-node-metastasis staging and follow-up were recorded. Multivariate Cox survival analysis and Fisher's t-test were performed. RESULTS AQP1 overexpression was detected in 85 (46%) patients, while AQP5 overexpression was observed in 45 (24%) patients. AQP1 did not result being significantly correlated with clinical and pathological parameters, while AQP5 resulted more expressed in AC with mucinous and papillary predominant patterns. Patients with AQP1 overexpression had shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.001) compared with patients without AQP1 overexpression. Multivariate analysis confirmed that AQP1 overexpression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results evidenced that AQP1 overexpression resulted in a shorter disease-free survival in lung AC patients. Being so, AQP1 overexpression might be an important prognostic marker in lung AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bellezza
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vannucci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fortunato Bianconi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulio Metro
- Division of Medical Oncology, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rachele Del Sordo
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Andolfi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Siccu
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vienna Ludovini
- Division of Medical Oncology, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Puma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucio Cagini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
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10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoic Acid in Royal Jelly Extract Induced Both Filaggrin and Amino Acid in a Cultured Human Three-Dimensional Epidermis Model. COSMETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics4040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Kajisa T, Yamaguchi T, Hu A, Suetake N, Kobayashi H. Hydrogen water ameliorates the severity of atopic dermatitis-like lesions and decreases interleukin-1β, interleukin-33, and mast cell infiltration in NC/Nga mice. Saudi Med J 2017; 38:928-933. [PMID: 28889151 PMCID: PMC5654027 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.9.20807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of hydrogen water (HW) on the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) and elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. METHODS For this experimental study between March 2015 and December 2015, NC/Nga mice characterized by mild AD severity were given either HW (n=11) or purified water (PW) (n=9) ad libitum; specific-pathogen-free mice (n=9) were used as AD-free control. Atopic dermatitis severity score and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were examined at baseline (0 week), and after 4 weeks of HW/PW treatment. Levels of serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and cytokines in the AD lesion were measured by ELISA; and mRNA expression of TARC and aquaporin (AQP-3) genes in the skin was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Mice treated with HW for 4 weeks demonstrated a significant decrease in the AD severity score compared with PW-treated mice (p less than 0.01). Hydrogen water administration also significantly reduced TEWL and serum TARC levels (p less than 0.01), infiltration of mast cells (p less than 0.05), and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-33 (p less than 0.05) in skin lesions compared with PW. However, no difference was observed between PW and HW groups in interferon-γ secretion and expression of AQP-3 and TARC genes. Conclusion: Hydrogen water suppressed inflammation in AD mice, leading to amelioration of disease severity, which suggests the therapeutic potential of HW in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kajisa
- Department of Hospital Administration, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail.
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Kalailingam P, Tan HB, Jain N, Sng MK, Chan JSK, Tan NS, Thanabalu T. Conditional knock out of N-WASP in keratinocytes causes skin barrier defects and atopic dermatitis-like inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7311. [PMID: 28779153 PMCID: PMC5544743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural-Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP) is expressed ubiquitously and regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In order to characterize the role of N-WASP in epidermal homeostasis and cutaneous biology, we generated conditional N-WASP knockout mouse using CK14-cre (cytokeratin 14) to ablate expression of N-WASP in keratinocytes. N-WASPK14KO (N-WASPfl/fl; CK14-Cre) mice were born following Mendelian genetics suggesting that N-WASP expression in keratinocytes is not essential during embryogenesis. N-WASPK14KO mice exhibited stunted growth, alopecia, dry and wrinkled skin. The dry skin in N-WASPK14KO mice is probably due to increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) caused by barrier function defects as revealed by dye penetration assay. N-WASPK14KO mice developed spontaneous inflammation in the neck and face 10 weeks after birth. Histological staining revealed thickening of the epidermis, abnormal cornified layer and extensive infiltration of immune cells (mast cells, eosinophils and T-lymphocytes) in N-WASPK14KO mice skin compared to control mice. N-WASPK14KO mice had higher serum levels of IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 compared to control mice. Thus our results suggest that conditional N-WASP knockout in keratinocytes leads to compromised skin barrier, higher infiltration of immune cells and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes due to increased production of cytokines highlighting the importance of N-WASP in maintaining the skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazhanichamy Kalailingam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Bing Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Neeraj Jain
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Keat Sng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 636921, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jeremy Soon Kiat Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 636921, Republic of Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.,KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Republic of Singapore
| | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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Is Aquaporin-3 a Determinant Factor of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aging? An Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:49-57. [PMID: 26509906 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is an aquaglyceroporin that plays a role in skin hydration, cell proliferation, and migration. The aim of this work was to investigate the expression of AQP3 in sun-exposed and sun-protected human skin from different age groups to understand the relationship between AQP3 and skin aging. Using standard immunohistochemical techniques, sun-exposed and sun-protected skin biopsies were taken from 60 normal individuals. AQP3 was expressed in the basal and the suprabasal layers, sparing the stratum corneum, in all specimens. Dermal expression was detected in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and adnexa. Sun-protected skin showed a significantly higher epidermal H-score and percentage of expression (P=0.002 and <0.001, respectively) compared with sun-exposed skin. The AQP3 expression intensity showed a gradual decrease from the 20 to 35-year-old group to the 35 to 50-year-old group, with the least immunoreactivity in the above 50-year-old group. A significant difference was detected in the H-score in favor of the 20 to 35-year-old group in sun-exposed and sun-protected skin (P<0.001 for both). A significant negative correlation was noted between the AQP3 expression percentage and the age in sun-exposed (r=-0.64, P<0.001) and sun-protected skin (r=-0.53, P<0.001). In conclusion, the skin dryness observed in intrinsic and extrinsic aged skin may be explained, at least in part, by AQP3 downregulation. This may open new avenues sufficient to control skin texture and beauty. Its interaction in skin protein organization and gene polymorphism can also be tackled in future research. In addition, clinical trials using AQP3 topical applications should be carried out to evaluate its effectiveness in the reversal of age-related skin changes.
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Choudhary V, Olala LO, Kagha K, Pan ZQ, Chen X, Yang R, Cline A, Helwa I, Marshall L, Kaddour-Djebbar I, McGee-Lawrence ME, Bollag WB. Regulation of the Glycerol Transporter, Aquaporin-3, by Histone Deacetylase-3 and p53 in Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1935-1944. [PMID: 28526298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin- (AQP) 3, a water and glycerol channel, plays an important role in epidermal function, with studies showing its involvement in keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and migration and in epidermal wound healing and barrier repair. Increasing speculation about the use of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to treat skin diseases led us to investigate HDAC's role in the regulation of AQP3. The broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induced AQP3 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in normal keratinocytes. The SAHA-induced increase in AQP3 levels resulted in enhanced [3H]glycerol uptake in normal but not in AQP3-knockout keratinocytes, confirming that the expressed AQP3 was functional. Use of HDAC inhibitors with different specificities limited our exploration of the responsible HDAC member to HDAC1, HDAC2, or HDAC3. Cre-recombinase-mediated knockdown and overexpression of HDAC3 suggested a role for HDAC3 in suppressing AQP3 expression basally. Further investigation implicated p53 as a transcription factor involved in regulating HDAC inhibitor-induced AQP3 expression. Thus, our study supports the regulation of AQP3 expression by HDAC3 and p53. Because suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid is already approved to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, it could potentially be used as a therapy for skin diseases like psoriasis, where AQP3 is abnormally expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Lawrence O Olala
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Kagha
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhi-Qiang Pan
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abigail Cline
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Inas Helwa
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Marshall
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ismail Kaddour-Djebbar
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Aquaporin-3 expression in common hyperproliferative skin disorders. JOURNAL OF THE EGYPTIAN WOMEN’S DERMATOLOGIC SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ewx.0000513084.47849.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Soler DC, Young AE, Griffith AD, Fu PF, Cooper KD, McCormick TS, Popkin DL. Overexpression of AQP3 and AQP10 in the skin exacerbates psoriasiform acanthosis. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:949-951. [PMID: 28111811 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously observed that aquaporin-3 and aquaporin-10 are upregulated in the epidermis of hand dermatitis patients (Med. Hypotheses, 84, 2015, 498). To address the functional relevance of this upregulation, we overexpressed AQP3/AQP10 in mice using the human K1 promoter. Combining imiquimod with detergent-containing water challenge, a common trigger in hand and other dermatitis, resulted in an increase in acanthosis in mice overexpressing AQP3 or AQP3 and AQP10. Aquaporin overexpression also drove a trend towards greater weight loss in these animals. These data support a role for cutaneous aquaporins in the pathogenesis of dermatitis and as a potential target in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Soler
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew E Young
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexis D Griffith
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ping Fu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kevin D Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel L Popkin
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cutaneous neurogenic and chronic inflammation: pro-inflammatory response induced by their activation and their sensitization. Protein Cell 2017; 8:644-661. [PMID: 28364279 PMCID: PMC5563280 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) is inflammation that is induced (or enhanced) in the skin by the release of neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings. Clinical manifestations are mainly sensory and vascular disorders such as pruritus and erythema. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and ankyrin 1 (TRPV1 and TRPA1, respectively) are non-selective cation channels known to specifically participate in pain and CNI. Both TRPV1 and TRPA1 are co-expressed in a large subset of sensory nerves, where they integrate numerous noxious stimuli. It is now clear that the expression of both channels also extends far beyond the sensory nerves in the skin, occuring also in keratinocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. In these non-neuronal cells, TRPV1 and TRPA1 also act as nociceptive sensors and potentiate the inflammatory process. This review discusses the role of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in the modulation of inflammatory genes that leads to or maintains CNI in sensory neurons and non-neuronal skin cells. In addition, this review provides a summary of current research on the intracellular sensitization pathways of both TRP channels by other endogenous inflammatory mediators that promote the self-maintenance of CNI.
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Fernández JR, Webb C, Rouzard K, Voronkov M, Huber KL, Stock JB, Stock M, Gordon JS, Perez E. N-Acetylglutaminoyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine (SIG-1191): an anti-inflammatory molecule that increases the expression of the aquaglyceroporin, aquaporin-3, in human keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:103-110. [PMID: 27988893 PMCID: PMC5309294 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenylcysteine (IPC) small molecules were discovered as signal transduction modulating compounds ~25 years ago. More recently, IPC molecules have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of dermal cells as well as antimicrobial activity, representing a novel class of compounds to ameliorate skin conditions and disease. Here, we demonstrate a new IPC compound, N-acetylglutaminoyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine (SIG-1191), which inhibits UVB-induced inflammation blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production. To investigate further the previously reported hydrating potential of IPC compounds, SIG-1191 was tested for its ability to modulate aquaporin expression. Specifically, aquaporin 3 (AQP3) the most abundant aquaporin found in skin has been reported to play a key role in skin hydration, elasticity and barrier repair. Results show here for the first time that SIG-1191 increases AQP3 expression in both cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes as well as when applied topically in a three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed human skin equivalent. Additionally, SIG-1191 dose dependently increased AQP3 protein levels, as determined by specific antibody staining, in the epidermis of the 3D skin equivalents. To begin to elucidate which signaling pathways SIG-1191 may be modulating to increase AQP3 levels, we used several pharmacological pathway inhibitors and determined that AQP3 expression is mediated by the Mitogen-activated protein kinase/Extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) pathway. Altogether, these data suggest SIG-1191 represents a new IPC derivative with anti-inflammatory activity that may also promote increased skin hydration based on its ability to increase AQP3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey Webb
- Signum Dermalogix, 133 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Karl Rouzard
- Signum Dermalogix, 133 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | | | - Kristen L Huber
- Signum Dermalogix, 133 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Jeffry B Stock
- Signum Dermalogix, 133 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Maxwell Stock
- Signum Dermalogix, 133 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Joel S Gordon
- Signum Dermalogix, 133 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Eduardo Perez
- Signum Dermalogix, 133 Wall Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
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Komatsu T, Sasaki S, Manabe Y, Hirata T, Sugawara T. Preventive effect of dietary astaxanthin on UVA-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171178. [PMID: 28170435 PMCID: PMC5295690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a carotenoid found mainly in seafood, has potential clinical applications due to its antioxidant activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis on skin photoaging in UVA-irradiated hairless mice by assessing various parameters of photoaging. After chronic ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure, a significant increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and wrinkle formation in the dorsal skin caused by UVA was observed, and dietary astaxanthin significantly suppressed these photoaging features. We found that the mRNA expression of lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor, steroid sulfatase, and aquaporin 3 in the epidermis was significantly increased by UVA irradiation for 70 days, and dietary astaxanthin significantly suppressed these increases in mRNA expression to be comparable to control levels. In the dermis, the mRNA expression of matrix metalloprotease 13 was increased by UVA irradiation and significantly suppressed by dietary astaxanthin. In addition, HPLC-PDA analysis confirmed that dietary astaxanthin reached not only the dermis but also the epidermis. Our results indicate that dietary astaxanthin accumulates in the skin and appears to prevent the effects of UVA irradiation on filaggrin metabolism and desquamation in the epidermis and the extracellular matrix in the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suguru Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Aquaporins in the Skin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 969:173-191. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Marichal T, Gaudenzio N, El Abbas S, Sibilano R, Zurek O, Starkl P, Reber LL, Pirottin D, Kim J, Chambon P, Roers A, Antoine N, Kawakami Y, Kawakami T, Bureau F, Tam SY, Tsai M, Galli SJ. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor RABGEF1 regulates keratinocyte-intrinsic signaling to maintain skin homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4497-4515. [PMID: 27820702 DOI: 10.1172/jci86359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes form a structural and immune barrier that is essential for skin homeostasis. However, the mechanisms that regulate epidermal barrier function are incompletely understood. Here we have found that keratinocyte-specific deletion of the gene encoding RAB guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (RABGEF1, also known as RABEX-5) severely impairs epidermal barrier function in mice and induces an allergic cutaneous and systemic phenotype. RABGEF1-deficient keratinocytes exhibited aberrant activation of the intrinsic IL-1R/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and MYD88-dependent abnormalities in expression of structural proteins that contribute to skin barrier function. Moreover, ablation of MYD88 signaling in RABGEF1-deficient keratinocytes or deletion of Il1r1 restored skin homeostasis and prevented development of skin inflammation. We further demonstrated that epidermal RABGEF1 expression is reduced in skin lesions of humans diagnosed with either atopic dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis as well as in an inducible mouse model of allergic dermatitis. Our findings reveal a key role for RABGEF1 in dampening keratinocyte-intrinsic MYD88 signaling and sustaining epidermal barrier function in mice, and suggest that dysregulation of RABGEF1 expression may contribute to epidermal barrier dysfunction in allergic skin disorders in mice and humans. Thus, RABGEF1-mediated regulation of IL-1R/MYD88 signaling might represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Chen AC, Martin AJ, Dalziell RA, Halliday GM, Damian DL. Oral nicotinamide reduces transepidermal water loss: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1363-1365. [PMID: 27062605 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Chen
- Dermatology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - A J Martin
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R A Dalziell
- Dermatology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - G M Halliday
- Dermatology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - D L Damian
- Dermatology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, North Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ghosh D, Ding L, Sivaprasad U, Geh E, Biagini Myers J, Bernstein JA, Khurana Hershey GK, Mersha TB. Multiple Transcriptome Data Analysis Reveals Biologically Relevant Atopic Dermatitis Signature Genes and Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144316. [PMID: 26717000 PMCID: PMC4696650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have identified genes that are differentially expressed in atopic dermatitis (AD) compared to normal skin. However, there is also considerable variation in the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) reported by different groups and the exact cause of AD is still not fully understood. Using a rank-based approach, we analyzed gene expression data from five different microarray studies, comprising a total of 127 samples and more than 250,000 transcripts. A total of 89 AD gene expression signatures '89ADGES', including FLG gene, were identified to show dysregulation consistently across these studies. Using a Support Vector Machine, we showed that the '89ADGES' discriminates AD from normal skin with 98% predictive accuracy. Functional annotation of these genes implicated their roles in immune responses (e.g., betadefensin, microseminoprotein), keratinocyte differentiation/epidermal development (e.g., FLG, CORIN, AQP, LOR, KRT16), inflammation (e.g., IL37, IL27RA, CCL18) and lipid metabolism (e.g., AKR1B10, FAD7, FAR2). Subsequently, we validated a subset of signature genes using quantitative PCR in a mouse model. Using a bioinformatic approach, we identified keratinocyte pathway over-represented (P = <0.0006) among the 89 signature genes. Keratinocytes are known to play a major role in barrier function due to their location in the epidermis. Our result suggests that besides immune- mediated pathway, skin barrier pathways such as the keratinocyte differentiation pathway play a key role in AD pathogenesis. A better understanding of the role of keratinocytes in AD will be important for developing novel "barrier therapy" for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Ghosh
- Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Lili Ding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Umasundari Sivaprasad
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Esmond Geh
- Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Division of Immunology, Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Tesfaye B. Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ewald DA, Malajian D, Krueger JG, Workman CT, Wang T, Tian S, Litman T, Guttman-Yassky E, Suárez-Fariñas M. Meta-analysis derived atopic dermatitis (MADAD) transcriptome defines a robust AD signature highlighting the involvement of atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism pathways. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:60. [PMID: 26459294 PMCID: PMC4603338 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with limited treatment options. Several microarray experiments have been conducted on lesional/LS and non-lesional/NL AD skin to develop a genomic disease phenotype. Although these experiments have shed light on disease pathology, inter-study comparisons reveal large differences in resulting sets of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), limiting the utility of direct comparisons across studies. Methods We carried out a meta-analysis combining 4 published AD datasets to define a robust disease profile, termed meta-analysis derived AD (MADAD) transcriptome. Results This transcriptome enriches key AD pathways more than the individual studies, and associates AD with novel pathways, such as atherosclerosis signaling (IL-37, selectin E/SELE). We identified wide lipid abnormalities and, for the first time in vivo, correlated Th2 immune activation with downregulation of key epidermal lipids (FA2H, FAR2, ELOVL3), emphasizing the role of cytokines on the barrier disruption in AD. Key AD “classifier genes” discriminate lesional from nonlesional skin, and may evaluate therapeutic responses. Conclusions Our meta-analysis provides novel and powerful insights into AD disease pathology, and reinforces the concept of AD as a systemic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0133-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Ewald
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma AS, Ballerup, Denmark. .,Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Dana Malajian
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - James G Krueger
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher T Workman
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.
| | - Suyan Tian
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.
| | - Thomas Litman
- Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma AS, Ballerup, Denmark.
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Soler DC, Bai X, Ortega L, Pethukova T, Nedorost ST, Popkin DL, Cooper KD, McCormick TS. The key role of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 10 in the pathogenesis of pompholyx. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:498-503. [PMID: 25725905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pompholyx remains a chronic skin affliction without a compelling pathophysiological explanation. The disease is characterized by the sudden onset of vesicles exclusively in the palms and soles which generally resolves. However, the disease may progress and the vesicles may expand and fuse; with chronicity there is deep fissuring. Multiple therapeutic approaches are available, but the disease is often resistant to conventional treatments. Currently, oral alitretinoin is used for patients with resistant chronic disease; however, this therapy is only approved for use in the UK, Europe and Canada. In this paper we wish to put forward a hypothesis: exposure to water and the subsequent steep osmotic gradient imbalance are key factors driving skin dehydration seen in pompholyx patients once the disease becomes chronic. The mechanistic explanation for the epidermal fissuring might lie in the over-expression across the mid and upper epidermis, including the stratum corneum, of two water/glycerol channel proteins aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 10, expressed in the keratinocytes of afflicted pompholyx patients. The over-expression of these two aquaporins may bridge the abundantly hydrated dermis and basal epidermis to the outer environment allowing cutaneous water and glycerol to flow outward. The beneficial effects reported in alitretinoin-treated patients with chronic hand eczemas may be due potential regulation of aquaporin 3 and aquaporin 10 by alitretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Soler
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, USA; The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - X Bai
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - L Ortega
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - T Pethukova
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - S T Nedorost
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - D L Popkin
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, USA; The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center and VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - K D Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, USA; The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center and VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - T S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, USA; The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Jeon BK, Kang MK, Lee GT, Lee KK, Lee HS, Woo WH, Mun YJ. EPA attenuates ultraviolet radiation-induced downregulation of aquaporin-3 in human keratinocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1552-60. [PMID: 25269537 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) that protects against photodamage and photocarcinogenesis in mammals. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a water/glycerol transport protein that is found in basal layer keratinocytes. In this study, we have investigated the protective effect of EPA against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced AQP3 downregulation in human keratinocytes. EPA treatment was found to increase AQP3 gene and protein expression in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT). Using a specific inhibitor, we observed that the effect of EPA on AQP3 expression was mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. UVB radiation induced AQP3 downregulation in HaCaT cells, and it was found that EPA treatment attenuated UVB-induced AQP3 reduction and the associated cell death. UVB-induced downregulation of AQP3 was blocked by EPA and p38 inhibitor SB203580. Collectively, the present results show that EPA increased AQP3 expression and that this led to a reduction UVB-induced photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Kook Jeon
- BK21-plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Jeollabukdo, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Channels are integral membrane proteins that form a pore, allowing the passive movement of ions or molecules across a membrane (along a gradient), either between compartments within a cell, between intracellular and extracellular environments or between adjacent cells. The ability of cells to communicate with one another and with their environment is a crucial part of the normal physiology of a tissue that allows it to carry out its function. Cell communication is particularly important during keratinocyte differentiation and formation of the skin barrier. Keratinocytes in the skin epidermis undergo a programme of apoptosis-driven terminal differentiation, whereby proliferating keratinocytes in the basal (deepest) layer of the epidermis stop proliferating, exit the basal layer and move up through the spinous and granular layers of the epidermis to form the stratum corneum, the external barrier. Genes encoding different families of channel proteins have been found to harbour mutations linked to a variety of rare inherited monogenic skin diseases. In this Commentary, we discuss how human genetic findings in aquaporin (AQP) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels reveal different mechanisms by which these channel proteins function to ensure the proper formation and maintenance of the skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Blaydon
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - David P Kelsell
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
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50
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Melnik BC. Does therapeutic intervention in atopic dermatitis normalize epidermal Notch deficiency? Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:696-700. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
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