1
|
Rashed HR, Milone M. The spectrum of rippling muscle disease. Muscle Nerve 2024. [PMID: 39370631 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is a rare disorder of muscle hyperexcitability. It is characterized by rippling wave-like muscle contractions induced by mechanical stretch or voluntary contraction followed by sudden stretch, painful muscle stiffness, percussion-induced rapid muscle contraction (PIRC), and percussion-induced muscle mounding (PIMM). RMD can be hereditary (hRMD) or immune-mediated (iRMD). hRMD is caused by pathogenic variants in caveolin-3 (CAV3) or caveolae-associated protein 1/ polymerase I and transcript release factor (CAVIN1/PTRF). CAV3 pathogenic variants are autosomal dominant or less frequently recessive while CAVIN1/PTRF pathogenic variants are autosomal recessive. CAV3-RMD manifests with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, ranging from asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation to severe muscle weakness. Overlapping phenotypes are common. Muscle caveolin-3 immunoreactivity is often absent or diffusely reduced in CAV3-RMD. CAVIN1/PTRF-RMD is characterized by congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL, type 4) and often accompanied by several extra-skeletal muscle manifestations. Muscle cavin-1/PTRF immunoreactivity is absent or reduced while caveolin-3 immunoreactivity is reduced, often in a patchy way, in CAVIN1/PTRF-RMD. iRMD is often accompanied by other autoimmune disorders, including myasthenia gravis. Anti-cavin-4 antibodies are the serological marker while the mosaic expression of caveolin-3 and cavin-4 is the pathological feature of iRMD. Most patients with iRMD respond to immunotherapy. Rippling, PIRC, and PIMM are usually electrically silent. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the disease mechanisms. In this article, we review the spectrum of hRMD and iRMD, including clinical phenotypes, electrophysiological characteristics, myopathological findings, and pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Chittoor G, Paul SFD, Puppala S, Farook VS, Fowler SP, Resendez RG, Hernandez-Ruiz J, Diaz-Badillo A, Salazar D, Garza DD, Lehman DM, Mummidi S, Arya R, Jenkinson CP, Lynch JL, DeFronzo RA, Blangero J, Hale DE, Duggirala R. Acanthosis nigricans as a composite marker of cardiometabolic risk and its complex association with obesity and insulin resistance in Mexican American children. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240467. [PMID: 33057385 PMCID: PMC7561152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a strong correlate of obesity and is considered a marker of insulin resistance (IR). AN is associated with various other cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). However, the direct causal relationship of IR with AN in obesity has been debated. Therefore, we aimed to examine the complex causal relationships among the troika of AN, obesity, and IR in Mexican Americans (MAs). METHODS We used data from 670 non-diabetic MA children, aged 6-17 years (49% girls). AN (prevalence 33%) severity scores (range 0-5) were used as a quasi-quantitative trait (AN-q) for analysis. We used the program SOLAR for determining phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between AN-q and CMRFs (e.g., BMI, HOMA-IR, lipids, blood pressure, hs-C-reactive protein (CRP), and Harvard physical fitness score (PFS)). The genetic and environmental correlations were subsequently used in mediation analysis (AMOS program). Model comparisons were made using goodness-of-fit indexes. RESULTS Heritability of AN-q was 0.75 (p<0.0001). It was positively/significantly (p<0.05) correlated with traits such as BMI, HOMA-IR, and CRP, and negatively with HDL-C and PFS. Of the models tested, indirect mediation analysis of BMI→HOMA-IR→AN-q yielded lower goodness-of-fit than a partial mediation model where BMI explained the relationship with both HOMA-IR and AN-q simultaneously. Using complex models, BMI was associated with AN-q and IR mediating most of the CMRFs; but no relationship between IR and AN-q. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that obesity explains the association of IR with AN, but no causal relationship between IR and AN in Mexican American children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Lopez-Alvarenga
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg and Brownsville, TX, United States of America
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States of America
| | - Solomon F. D. Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Vidya S. Farook
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg and Brownsville, TX, United States of America
| | - Sharon P. Fowler
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Roy G. Resendez
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg and Brownsville, TX, United States of America
| | - Joselin Hernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Hospital General de Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Diaz-Badillo
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg and Brownsville, TX, United States of America
| | - David Salazar
- Border Health Office, College of Health Professions, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
| | - Doreen D. Garza
- Border Health Office, College of Health Professions, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Lehman
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg and Brownsville, TX, United States of America
| | - Rector Arya
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg and Brownsville, TX, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Jenkinson
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg and Brownsville, TX, United States of America
| | - Jane L. Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg and Brownsville, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Hale
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg and Brownsville, TX, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hayashi YK, Matsuda C, Ogawa M, Goto K, Tominaga K, Mitsuhashi S, Park YE, Nonaka I, Hino-Fukuyo N, Haginoya K, Sugano H, Nishino I. Human PTRF mutations cause secondary deficiency of caveolins resulting in muscular dystrophy with generalized lipodystrophy. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2623-33. [PMID: 19726876 DOI: 10.1172/jci38660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are invaginations of the plasma membrane involved in many cellular processes, including clathrin-independent endocytosis, cholesterol transport, and signal transduction. They are characterized by the presence of caveolin proteins. Mutations that cause deficiency in caveolin-3, which is expressed exclusively in skeletal and cardiac muscle, have been linked to muscular dystrophy. Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF; also known as cavin) is a caveolar-associated protein suggested to play an essential role in the formation of caveolae and the stabilization of caveolins. Here, we identified PTRF mutations in 5 nonconsanguineous patients who presented with both generalized lipodystrophy and muscular dystrophy. Muscle hypertrophy, muscle mounding, mild metabolic complications, and elevated serum creatine kinase levels were observed in these patients. Skeletal muscle biopsies revealed chronic dystrophic changes, deficiency and mislocalization of all 3 caveolin family members, and reduction of caveolae structure. We generated expression constructs recapitulating the human mutations; upon overexpression in myoblasts, these mutations resulted in PTRF mislocalization and disrupted physical interaction with caveolins. Our data confirm that PTRF is essential for formation of caveolae and proper localization of caveolins in human cells and suggest that clinical features observed in the patients with PTRF mutations are associated with a secondary deficiency of caveolins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko K Hayashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rajab A, Heathcote K, Joshi S, Jeffery S, Patton M. Heterogeneity for congenital generalized lipodystrophy in seventeen patients from Oman. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 110:219-25. [PMID: 12116229 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen children with congenital generalized lipodystrophy or Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy (BSCL) from 12 consanguineous sibships were observed in Oman. All children had widespread absence of adipose tissue from infancy together with apparent muscle hypertrophy and hepatomegaly. They did not appear to represent a single homogenous entity, and it was possible to subclassify the cases into two distinct groups. In the first group of seven cases, the features were similar to other published cases with acanthosis nigricans, raised insulin levels, and insulin resistance. In this group, there was an association between the degree of acanthosis nigricans and the severity of the disorder. Molecular analysis of these cases showed homozygosity at the BSCL2 locus on chromosome 11q13 in four of the seven cases. In the second group of ten cases, there were striking abnormalities in both skeletal and nonskeletal muscle. Reduced exercise tolerance and percussion myoxedema were observed in skeletal muscle, while infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, prominent veins (phlebomegaly), disturbance of cardiac rhythm, and cardiomyopathy were observed in nonskeletal muscle. There was evidence against homozygosity in some cases for the known loci for BSCL, and this group may represent a new clinical syndrome with lipodystrophy at a different genetic location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rajab
- Genetic Unit, DGHA, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seip M, Trygstad O. Generalized lipodystrophy, congenital and acquired (lipoatrophy). ACTA PAEDIATRICA (OSLO, NORWAY : 1992). SUPPLEMENT 1996; 413:2-28. [PMID: 8783769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review is based on longitudinal studies on our seven patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy, our patient with acquired generalized lipodystrophy, and published papers on these subjects. An inability to store energy in adipose tissue is of pathogenetic importance. In congenital lipodystrophy, insulin resistance is present from birth, resulting in hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia. and insulin-resistant diabetes with an anabolic syndrome worsened by a voracious appetite. Clinically, we observed increased height velocity in pre-school age children, and organomegaly with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which seems to be lethal in early adulthood: three of our patients died at the ages of 24, 32 and 37 years. The oldest alive, 39 years, suffers from stenocardia. Regarding treatment, it is most important to reduce energy consumption. The congenital form is recessively inherited. The aetiology may be related to insulin receptor or postreceptor mechanisms. Acquired generalized lipodystrophy seems to be an autoimmune disorder with secondary destruction of the adipose organ: the anabolic syndrome with insulin-resistant diabetes is secondary. Our patient died when 24 years old from pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Seip
- Department of Paediatrics, Rikshospitalet, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|