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Pravikova PD, Arssan MA, Zalivina EA, Kondaurova EM, Kulikova EA, Belokopytova II, Naumenko VS. Dopamine receptors and key elements of the neurotrophins (BDNF, CDNF) expression patterns during critical periods of ontogenesis in the brain structures of mice with autism-like behavior (BTBR) or its absence (С57BL/6 J). Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:407-415. [PMID: 39027124 PMCID: PMC11253014 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an urgent task due to the ever-increasing prevalence of this condition. The study of critical periods of neuroontogenesis is of interest, since the manifestation of ASD is often associated with prenatal disorders of the brain development. One of the currently promising hypotheses postulates a connection between the pathogenesis of ASD and the dysfunction of neurotransmitters and neurotrophins. In this study, we investigated the expression of key dopamine receptors (Drd1, Drd2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), its receptors (Ntrkb2, Ngfr) and the transcription factor Creb1 that mediates BDNF action, as well as cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (Cdnf) during the critical periods of embryogenesis (e14 and e18) and postnatal development (p14, p28, p60) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of BTBR mice with autism-like behavior compared to the neurotypical C57BL/6 J strain. In BTBR embryos, on the 14th day of prenatal development, an increase in the expression of the Ngfr gene encoding the p75NTR receptor, which may lead to the activation of apoptosis, was found in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. A decrease in the expression of Cdnf, Bdnf and its receptor Ntrkb2, as well as dopamine receptors (Drd1, Drd2) was detected in BTBR mice in the postnatal period of ontogenesis mainly in the frontal cortex, while in the hippocampus of mature mice (p60), only a decrease in the Drd2 mRNA level was revealed. The obtained results suggest that the decrease in the expression levels of CDNF, BDNF-TrkB and dopamine receptors in the frontal cortex in the postnatal period can lead to significant changes in both the morphology of neurons and dopamine neurotransmission in cortical brain structures. At the same time, the increase in p75NTR receptor gene expression observed on the 14th day of embryogenesis, crucial for hippocampus and frontal cortex development, may have direct relevance to the manifestation of early autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Pravikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M A Arssan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Zalivina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E M Kondaurova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Kulikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I I Belokopytova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V S Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Wang L, Lin H, Zhu Y, Ge X, Li M, Liu J, Chen F, Zhang M, Cheng JX. Overtone photothermal microscopy for high-resolution and high-sensitivity vibrational imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5374. [PMID: 38918400 PMCID: PMC11199576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Photothermal microscopy is a highly sensitive pump-probe method for mapping nanostructures and molecules through the detection of local thermal gradients. While visible photothermal microscopy and mid-infrared photothermal microscopy techniques have been developed, they possess inherent limitations. These techniques either lack chemical specificity or encounter significant light attenuation caused by water absorption. Here, we present an overtone photothermal (OPT) microscopy technique that offers high chemical specificity, detection sensitivity, and spatial resolution by employing a visible probe for local heat detection in the C-H overtone region. We demonstrate its capability for high-fidelity chemical imaging of polymer nanostructures, depth-resolved intracellular chemical mapping of cancer cells, and imaging of multicellular C. elegans organisms and highly scattering brain tissues. By bridging the gap between visible and mid-infrared photothermal microscopy, OPT establishes a new modality for high-resolution and high-sensitivity chemical imaging. This advancement complements large-scale shortwave infrared imaging approaches, facilitating multiscale structural and chemical investigations of materials and biological metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Haonan Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Fukai Chen
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Pogledic I, Bobić‐Rasonja M, Mitter C, Štajduhar A, Schwartz E, Milković‐Periša M, Baltzer PA, Lequin M, Krampl‐Bettelheim E, Kasprian G, Judaš M, Prayer D, Jovanov‐Milosevic N. Fetal indusium griseum is a possible biomarker of the regularity of brain midline development in 3T MR imaging: A retrospective observational study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:897-906. [PMID: 38339766 PMCID: PMC11019519 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the visibility of the indusium griseum (IG) in magnetic resonance (MR) scans of the human fetal brain and to evaluate its reliability as an imaging biomarker of the normality of brain midline development. MATERIAL AND METHODS The retrospective observational study encompassed T2-w 3T MR images from 90 post-mortem fetal brains and immunohistochemical sections from 41 fetal brains (16-40 gestational weeks) without cerebral pathology. Three raters independently inspected and evaluated the visibility of IG in post-mortem and in vivo MR scans. Weighted kappa statistics and regression analysis were used to determine inter- and intra-rater agreement and the type and strength of the association of IG visibility with gestational age. RESULTS The visibility of the IG was the highest between the 25 and 30 gestational week period, with a very good inter-rater variability (kappa 0.623-0.709) and excellent intra-rater variability (kappa 0.81-0.93). The immunochemical analysis of the histoarchitecture of IG discloses the expression of highly hydrated extracellular molecules in IG as the substrate of higher signal intensity and best visibility of IG during the mid-fetal period. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of developmental brain histology and fetal age allows us to predict the IG-visibility in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and use it as a biomarker to evaluate the morphogenesis of the brain midline. As a biomarker, IG is significant for post-mortem pathological examination by MRI. Therefore, in the clinical in vivo imaging examination, IG should be anticipated when an assessment of the brain midline structures is needed in mid-gestation, including corpus callosum thickness measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pogledic
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Allgemeines KrankenhausMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Mihaela Bobić‐Rasonja
- Department of BiologySchool of Medicine, University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Scientific Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational NeuroscienceSchool of Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Christian Mitter
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Allgemeines KrankenhausMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Systematic Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andrija Štajduhar
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Scientific Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational NeuroscienceSchool of Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- School of MedicineSchool of Public Health “Andrija Štampar” University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ernst Schwartz
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Marija Milković‐Periša
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, School of MedicineUniversity Hospital Center Zagreb, University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Pascal A. Baltzer
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Allgemeines KrankenhausMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maarten Lequin
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Gregor Kasprian
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Allgemeines KrankenhausMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Miloš Judaš
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Scientific Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational NeuroscienceSchool of Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Allgemeines KrankenhausMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Natasa Jovanov‐Milosevic
- Department of BiologySchool of Medicine, University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Scientific Center of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational NeuroscienceSchool of Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
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Deloulme JC, Leclercq M, Deschaux O, Flore G, Capellano L, Tocco C, Braz BY, Studer M, Lahrech H. Structural interhemispheric connectivity defects in mouse models of BBSOAS: Insights from high spatial resolution 3D white matter tractography. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106455. [PMID: 38408685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) tract formation and axonal pathfinding are major processes in brain development allowing to establish precise connections between targeted structures. Disruptions in axon pathfinding and connectivity impairments will lead to neural circuitry abnormalities, often associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Among several neuroimaging methodologies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has the advantage of visualizing in 3D the WM tractography of the whole brain non-invasively. DTI is particularly valuable in unpinning structural tract connectivity defects of neural networks in NDDs. In this study, we used 3D DTI to unveil brain-specific tract defects in two mouse models lacking the Nr2f1 gene, which mutations in patients have been proven to cause an emerging NDD, called Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy (BBSOAS). We aimed to investigate the impact of the lack of cortical Nr2f1 function on WM morphometry and tract microstructure quantifications. We found in both mutant mice partial loss of fibers and severe misrouting of the two major cortical commissural tracts, the corpus callosum, and the anterior commissure, as well as the two major hippocampal efferent tracts, the post-commissural fornix, and the ventral hippocampal commissure. DTI tract malformations were supported by 2D histology, 3D fluorescent imaging, and behavioral analyses. We propose that these interhemispheric connectivity impairments are consistent in explaining some cognitive defects described in BBSOAS patients, particularly altered information processing between the two brain hemispheres. Finally, our results highlight 3DDTI as a relevant neuroimaging modality that can provide appropriate morphometric biomarkers for further diagnosis of BBSOAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Deschaux
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Gemma Flore
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laetitia Capellano
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chiara Tocco
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Barbara Yael Braz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle Studer
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France.
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Rodríguez-Pérez LM, López-de-San-Sebastián J, de Diego I, Smith A, Roales-Buján R, Jiménez AJ, Paez-Gonzalez P. A selective defect in the glial wedge as part of the neuroepithelium disruption in hydrocephalus development in the mouse hyh model is associated with complete corpus callosum dysgenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1330412. [PMID: 38450283 PMCID: PMC10915275 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1330412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum is present in neurodevelopmental disorders and coexists with hydrocephalus in several human congenital syndromes. The mechanisms that underlie the etiology of congenital hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum when they coappear during neurodevelopment persist unclear. In this work, the mechanistic relationship between both disorders is investigated in the hyh mouse model for congenital hydrocephalus, which also develops agenesis of the corpus callosum. In this model, hydrocephalus is generated by a defective program in the development of neuroepithelium during its differentiation into radial glial cells. Methods In this work, the populations implicated in the development of the corpus callosum (callosal neurons, pioneering axons, glial wedge cells, subcallosal sling and indusium griseum glial cells) were studied in wild-type and hyh mutant mice. Immunohistochemistry, mRNA in situ hybridization, axonal tracing experiments, and organotypic cultures from normal and hyh mouse embryos were used. Results Our results show that the defective program in the neuroepithelium/radial glial cell development in the hyh mutant mouse selectively affects the glial wedge cells. The glial wedge cells are necessary to guide the pioneering axons as they approach the corticoseptal boundary. Our results show that the pioneering callosal axons arising from neurons in the cingulate cortex can extend projections to the interhemispheric midline in normal and hyh mice. However, pioneering axons in the hyh mutant mouse, when approaching the area corresponding to the damaged glial wedge cell population, turned toward the ipsilateral lateral ventricle. This defect occurred before the appearance of ventriculomegaly. Discussion In conclusion, the abnormal development of the ventricular zone, which appears to be inherent to the etiology of several forms of congenital hydrocephalus, can explain, in some cases, the common association between hydrocephalus and corpus callosum dysgenesis. These results imply that further studies may be needed to understand the corpus callosum dysgenesis etiology when it concurs with hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Isabel de Diego
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Aníbal Smith
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ruth Roales-Buján
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Paez-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
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Marathu KK, Vahedifard F, Kocak M, Liu X, Adepoju JO, Bowker RM, Supanich M, Cosme-Cruz RM, Byrd S. Fetal MRI Analysis of Corpus Callosal Abnormalities: Classification, and Associated Anomalies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:430. [PMID: 38396468 PMCID: PMC10887608 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corpus callosal abnormalities (CCA) are midline developmental brain malformations and are usually associated with a wide spectrum of other neurological and non-neurological abnormalities. The study aims to highlight the diagnostic role of fetal MRI to characterize heterogeneous corpus callosal abnormalities using the latest classification system. It also helps to identify associated anomalies, which have prognostic implications for the postnatal outcome. METHODS In this study, retrospective data from antenatal women who underwent fetal MRI between January 2014 and July 2023 at Rush University Medical Center were evaluated for CCA and classified based on structural morphology. Patients were further assessed for associated neurological and non-neurological anomalies. RESULTS The most frequent class of CCA was complete agenesis (79.1%), followed by hypoplasia (12.5%), dysplasia (4.2%), and hypoplasia with dysplasia (4.2%). Among them, 17% had isolated CCA, while the majority (83%) had complex forms of CCA associated with other CNS and non-CNS anomalies. Out of the complex CCA cases, 58% were associated with other CNS anomalies, while 8% were associated with non-CNS anomalies. 17% of cases had both. CONCLUSION The use of fetal MRI is valuable in the classification of abnormalities of the corpus callosum after the confirmation of a suspected diagnosis on prenatal ultrasound. This technique is an invaluable method for distinguishing between isolated and complex forms of CCA, especially in cases of apparent isolated CCA. The use of diffusion-weighted imaging or diffusion tensor imaging in fetal neuroimaging is expected to provide further insights into white matter abnormalities in fetuses diagnosed with CCA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi K. Marathu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Farzan Vahedifard
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Xuchu Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Jubril O. Adepoju
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Rakhee M. Bowker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Mark Supanich
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Division for Diagnostic Medical Physics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Rosario M. Cosme-Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Sharon Byrd
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
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Lynton Z, Suárez R, Fenlon LR. Brain plasticity following corpus callosum agenesis or loss: a review of the Probst bundles. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1296779. [PMID: 38020213 PMCID: PMC10657877 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1296779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest axonal tract in the human brain, connecting the left and right cortical hemipheres. This structure is affected in myriad human neurodevelopmental disorders, and can be entirely absent as a result of congenital or surgical causes. The age when callosal loss occurs, for example via surgical section in cases of refractory epilepsy, correlates with resulting brain morphology and neuropsychological outcomes, whereby an earlier loss generally produces relatively improved interhemispheric connectivity compared to a loss in adulthood (known as the "Sperry's paradox"). However, the mechanisms behind these age-dependent differences remain unclear. Perhaps the best documented and most striking of the plastic changes that occur due to developmental, but not adult, callosal loss is the formation of large, bilateral, longitudinal ectopic tracts termed Probst bundles. Despite over 100 years of research into these ectopic tracts, which are the largest and best described stereotypical ectopic brain tracts in humans, much remains unclear about them. Here, we review the anatomy of the Probst bundles, along with evidence for their faciliatory or detrimental function, the required conditions for their formation, patterns of etiology, and mechanisms of development. We provide hypotheses for many of the remaining mysteries of the Probst bundles, including their possible relationship to preserved interhemispheric communication following corpus callosum absence. Future research into naturally occurring plastic tracts such as Probst bundles will help to inform the general rules governing axon plasticity and disorders of brain miswiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Lynton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Suárez
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura R. Fenlon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Siffredi V, Liverani MC, Van De Ville D, Freitas LGA, Borradori Tolsa C, Hüppi PS, Ha-Vinh Leuchter R. Corpus callosum structural characteristics in very preterm children and adolescents: Developmental trajectory and relationship to cognitive functioning. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101211. [PMID: 36780739 PMCID: PMC9925611 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that structural alteration of the corpus callosum, i.e., the largest white matter commissural pathway, occurs after a preterm birth in the neonatal period and lasts across development. The present study aims to unravel corpus callosum structural characteristics across childhood and adolescence in very preterm (VPT) individuals, and their associations with general intellectual, executive and socio-emotional functioning. Neuropsychological assessments, T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion MRI were collected in 79 VPT and 46 full term controls aged 6-14 years. Volumetric, diffusion tensor and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) measures were extracted on 7 callosal portions using TractSeg. A multivariate data-driven approach (partial least squares correlation) and a cohort-based age normative modelling approach were used to explore associations between callosal characteristics and neuropsychological outcomes. The VPT and a full-term control groups showed similar trends of white-matter maturation over time, i.e., increase FA and reduced ODI, in all callosal segments, that was associated with increase in general intellectual functioning. However, using a cohort-based age-related normative modelling, findings show atypical pattern of callosal development in the VPT group, with reduced callosal maturation over time that was associated with poorer general intellectual and working memory functioning, as well as with lower gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Siffredi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Chiara Liverani
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; SensoriMotor, Affective and Social Development Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorena G A Freitas
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Borradori Tolsa
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petra Susan Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Russia Ha-Vinh Leuchter
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Minić S, Cerovac N, Novaković I, Gazikalović S, Popadić S, Trpinac D. The Impact of the IKBKG Gene on the Appearance of the Corpus Callosum Abnormalities in Incontinentia Pigmenti. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071300. [PMID: 37046518 PMCID: PMC10093331 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare skin disease combined with anomalies of the teeth, eyes, and central nervous system (CNS). Mutations of the IKBKG gene are responsible for IP. Among the most frequent CNS abnormalities found in IP using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are corpus callosum (CC) abnormalities. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of CC abnormalities, their relationship with the IKBKG mutations, and the possible presence of mutations of other genes. A group of seven IP patients was examined. Analyses of the IKBKG gene and the X-chromosome inactivation pattern were performed, as well as MRI and whole exome sequencing (WES) with the focus on the genes relevant for neurodegeneration. WES analysis showed IKBKG mutation in all examined patients. A patient who had a mutation of a gene other than IKBKG was excluded from further study. Four of the seven patients had clinically diagnosed CNS anomalies; two out of four had MRI-diagnosed CC anomalies. The simultaneous presence of IKBKG mutation and CC abnormalities and the absence of other mutations indicate that IKBKG may be the cause of CC abnormalities and should be included in the list of genes responsible for CC abnormalities.
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10
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Frohlich J, Bayne T, Crone JS, DallaVecchia A, Kirkeby-Hinrup A, Mediano PA, Moser J, Talar K, Gharabaghi A, Preissl H. Not with a “zap” but with a “beep”: measuring the origins of perinatal experience. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120057. [PMID: 37001834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When does the mind begin? Infant psychology is mysterious in part because we cannot remember our first months of life, nor can we directly communicate with infants. Even more speculative is the possibility of mental life prior to birth. The question of when consciousness, or subjective experience, begins in human development thus remains incompletely answered, though boundaries can be set using current knowledge from developmental neurobiology and recent investigations of the perinatal brain. Here, we offer our perspective on how the development of a sensory perturbational complexity index (sPCI) based on auditory ("beep-and-zip"), visual ("flash-and-zip"), or even olfactory ("sniff-and-zip") cortical perturbations in place of electromagnetic perturbations ("zap-and-zip") might be used to address this question. First, we discuss recent studies of perinatal cognition and consciousness using techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and, in particular, magnetoencephalography (MEG). While newborn infants are the archetypal subjects for studying early human development, researchers may also benefit from fetal studies, as the womb is, in many respects, a more controlled environment than the cradle. The earliest possible timepoint when subjective experience might begin is likely the establishment of thalamocortical connectivity at 26 weeks gestation, as the thalamocortical system is necessary for consciousness according to most theoretical frameworks. To infer at what age and in which behavioral states consciousness might emerge following the initiation of thalamocortical pathways, we advocate for the development of the sPCI and similar techniques, based on EEG, MEG, and fMRI, to estimate the perinatal brain's state of consciousness.
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11
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Yan K, Bormuth I, Bormuth O, Tutukova S, Renner A, Bessa P, Schaub T, Rosário M, Tarabykin V. TrkB-dependent EphrinA reverse signaling regulates callosal axon fasciculate growth downstream of Neurod2/6. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1752-1767. [PMID: 35462405 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal development of corpus callosum is relatively common and causes a broad spectrum of cognitive impairments in humans. We use acallosal Neurod2/6-deficient mice to study callosal axon guidance within the ipsilateral cerebral cortex. Initial callosal tracts form but fail to traverse the ipsilateral cingulum and are not attracted towards the midline in the absence of Neurod2/6. We show that the restoration of Ephrin-A4 (EfnA4) expression in the embryonic neocortex of Neurod2/6-deficient embryos is sufficient to partially rescue targeted callosal axon growth towards the midline. EfnA4 cannot directly mediate reverse signaling within outgrowing axons, but it forms co-receptor complexes with TrkB (Ntrk2). The ability of EfnA4 to rescue the guided growth of a subset of callosal axons in Neurod2/6-deficient mice is abolished by the co-expression of dominant negative TrkBK571N (kinase-dead) or TrkBY515F (SHC-binding deficient) variants, but not by TrkBY816F (PLCγ1-binding deficient). Additionally, EphA4 is repulsive to EfnA4-positive medially projecting axons in organotypic brain slice culture. Collectively, we suggest that EfnA4-mediated reverse signaling acts via TrkB-SHC and is required for ipsilateral callosal axon growth accuracy towards the midline downstream of Neurod family factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Yan
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Bormuth
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Bormuth
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia
| | - Svetlana Tutukova
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia.,Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ana Renner
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paraskevi Bessa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theres Schaub
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Rosário
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia.,Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
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12
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Altmann R, Scharnreitner I, Auer C, Hirtler L, Springer C, Falschlehner S, Arzt W. Visualization of the Third Ventricle, the Future Cavum Septi Pellucidi, and the Cavum Veli Interpositi at 11+3 to 13+6 Gestational Weeks on 3D Transvaginal Ultrasound Including Normative Data. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2023; 44:e72-e82. [PMID: 35213924 DOI: 10.1055/a-1683-6141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To show the development of the third ventricle, commissural plate, future cavum septi pellucidi, and cavum veli interpositi in weeks 12-14 by transvaginal 3D ultrasound. METHODS This is a prospective transvaginal 3D study carried out to define the third ventricle and the diencephalic midline structures surrounding it. 93 of 387 fetuses in which the commissural plate with the future cavum septi pellucidi, cavum veli interpositi, and the roof of the third ventricle could be well visualized, were selected with the choroid plexus of the third ventricle and the pituitary gland serving as leading structures. In a small number of fetuses, the optic chiasm could also be displayed. In addition, the following measurements were performed: third ventricle craniocaudal and anteroposterior, roof of the third ventricle/cavum veli interpositi, and fcsp. RESULTS The sonomorphologic characteristics of the commissural plate, the future cavum septi pellucidi, and the cavum veli interpositi are described IN 9% OF THE FETUSES examined. Measurements of the third ventricle, cavum veli interpositi, and the roof of the third ventricle show the following results: 3rd V cc = 3.895 + 0.091*CRL mm; 3rd V ap = 4.175 + 0.036*CRL mm; CVI ap = 2.223 + 0.029*CRL mm; CVI cc = 0.139 + 0.02*CRL mm. CONCLUSION Transvaginal neurosonography enables visualization and measurement of the normal fetal third ventricle at 12-14 weeks of gestation including visualization of the future cavum septi pellucidi and the cavum veli interpositi. BEFORE USE IN PATIENTS CAN BE CONSIDERED, FURTHER SCIENTIFIC WORK IS REQUIRED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Altmann
- Prenatal Medicine, Kepler University Hospital Med Campus IV, Linz, Austria
| | - Iris Scharnreitner
- Prenatal Medicine, Kepler University Hospital Med Campus IV, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Auer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Lena Hirtler
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Claudia Springer
- Prenatal Medicine, Kepler University Hospital Med Campus IV, Linz, Austria
| | - Stephanie Falschlehner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kepler University Hospital Med Campus IV, Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Arzt
- Prenatal Medicine, Kepler University Hospital Med Campus IV, Linz, Austria
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13
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Hustings N, Thonissen Y, Cockmartin L, Vanderseypen K, Baldewijns M, De Catte L, Thal DR, Aertsen M. Fetal brain maceration score on postmortem magnetic resonance imaging vs. conventional autopsy. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 53:929-941. [PMID: 36580101 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmortem fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been on the rise since it was proven to be a good alternative to conventional autopsy. Since the fetal brain is sensitive to postmortem changes, extensive tissue fixation is required for macroscopic and microscopic assessment. Estimation of brain maceration on MRI, before autopsy, may optimize histopathological resources. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to develop an MRI-based postmortem fetal brain maceration score and to correlate it with brain maceration as assessed by autopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective single-center study includes 79 fetuses who had postmortem MRI followed by autopsy. Maceration was scored on MRI on a numerical severity scale, based on our brain-specific maceration score and the whole-body score of Montaldo. Additionally, maceration was scored on histopathology with a semiquantitative severity scale. Both the brain-specific and the whole-body maceration imaging scores were correlated with the histopathological maceration score. Intra- and interobserver agreements were tested for the brain-specific maceration score. RESULTS The proposed brain-specific maceration score correlates well with fetal brain maceration assessed by autopsy (τ = 0.690), compared to a poorer correlation of the whole-body method (τ = 0.452). The intra- and interobserver agreement was excellent (correlation coefficients of 0.943 and 0.864, respectively). CONCLUSION We present a brain-specific postmortem MRI maceration score that correlates well with the degree of fetal brain maceration seen at histopathological exam. The score is reliably reproduced by different observers with different experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hustings
- University Hospital of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Thonissen
- Department of Radiology, Heilig-Hart Hospital of Mol, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lesley Cockmartin
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Luc De Catte
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Aertsen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Hosseini S, van Ham M, Erck C, Korte M, Michaelsen-Preusse K. The role of α-tubulin tyrosination in controlling the structure and function of hippocampal neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:931859. [PMCID: PMC9627282 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.931859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are central components of the neuronal cytoskeleton and play a critical role in CNS integrity, function, and plasticity. Neuronal MTs are diverse due to extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly detyrosination/tyrosination, in which the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin is cyclically removed by a carboxypeptidase and reattached by a tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL). The detyrosination/tyrosination cycle of MTs has been shown to be an important regulator of MT dynamics in neurons. TTL-null mice exhibit impaired neuronal organization and die immediately after birth, indicating TTL function is vital to the CNS. However, the detailed cellular role of TTL during development and in the adult brain remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that conditional deletion of TTL in the neocortex and hippocampus during network development results in a pathophysiological phenotype defined by incomplete development of the corpus callosum and anterior commissures due to axonal growth arrest. TTL loss was also associated with a deficit in spatial learning, impaired synaptic plasticity, and reduced number of spines in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that TTL also plays a critical role in hippocampal network development. TTL deletion after postnatal development, specifically in the hippocampus and in cultured hippocampal neurons, led to a loss of spines and impaired spine structural plasticity. This indicates a novel and important function of TTL for synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. In conclusion, this study reveals the importance of α-tubulin tyrosination, which defines the dynamics of MTs, in controlling proper network formation and suggests TTL-mediated tyrosination as a new key determinant of synaptic plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco van Ham
- Research Group Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Erck
- Research Group Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse,
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15
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Jacob J, Gupta R. Neuropsychological functions in a pediatric case of partial agenesis of the corpus callosum: Clinical implications. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY: CHILD 2022; 12:165-176. [PMID: 35412920 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2059371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is involved in several cognitive processes and the interhemispheric transfer of information. The current case study investigated neurocognitive and emotional processes in a 7-year-old female with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, with an absent splenium and posterior body, with comorbid autism and ADHD. We measured cognitive functions, such as response inhibition, error monitoring, attentional disengagement, and attention capture by irrelevant emotional stimuli. We found that response inhibition was intact in the case. When happy faces were used as stop-signals, it interfered with response inhibition compared to angry-face-stop-signals. Similarly, happy faces (relative to angry faces) interfered with error monitoring; irrelevant angry faces captured attention more than happy faces. Attentional disengagement functions were impaired in the case compared to healthy controls. The findings give an insight into the interaction between cognition and emotion in pediatric partial agenesis of the CC, and have important clinical and theoretical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Jacob
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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16
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Variants in ADD1 cause intellectual disability, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and ventriculomegaly in humans. Genet Med 2022; 24:319-331. [PMID: 34906466 PMCID: PMC8802223 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adducins interconnect spectrin and actin filaments to form polygonal scaffolds beneath the cell membranes and form ring-like structures in neuronal axons. Adducins regulate mouse neural development, but their function in the human brain is unknown. METHODS We used exome sequencing to uncover ADD1 variants associated with intellectual disability (ID) and brain malformations. We studied ADD1 splice isoforms in mouse and human neocortex development with RNA sequencing, super resolution imaging, and immunoblotting. We investigated 4 variant ADD1 proteins and heterozygous ADD1 cells for protein expression and ADD1-ADD2 dimerization. We studied Add1 functions in vivo using Add1 knockout mice. RESULTS We uncovered loss-of-function ADD1 variants in 4 unrelated individuals affected by ID and/or structural brain defects. Three additional de novo copy number variations covering the ADD1 locus were associated with ID and brain malformations. ADD1 is highly expressed in the neocortex and the corpus callosum, whereas ADD1 splice isoforms are dynamically expressed between cortical progenitors and postmitotic neurons. Human variants impair ADD1 protein expression and/or dimerization with ADD2. Add1 knockout mice recapitulate corpus callosum dysgenesis and ventriculomegaly phenotypes. CONCLUSION Our human and mouse genetics results indicate that pathogenic ADD1 variants cause corpus callosum dysgenesis, ventriculomegaly, and/or ID.
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17
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Niño SA, Chi-Ahumada E, Carrizales L, Estrada-Sánchez AM, Gonzalez-Billault C, Zarazúa S, Concha L, Jiménez-Capdeville ME. Life-long arsenic exposure damages the microstructure of the rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2022; 1775:147742. [PMID: 34848172 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that arsenic exposure is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Experimental arsenic exposure models showed learning and memory deficits and molecular changes resembling the functional and pathologic neurodegeneration features. The present work focuses on hippocampal pathological changes in Wistar rats induced by continuous arsenic exposure from in utero up to 12 months of age, evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging along with immunohistochemistry. Diffusion-weighted images revealed age-related lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial-axial and mean diffusivity at 6 and 12 months, indicating that arsenic exposure leads to hippocampal demyelination. These structural alterations were paralleled by immunohistochemical changes that showed a significant loss of myelin basic protein in CA1 and CA3 regions accompanied by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression at all time-points studied. Concomitantly, arsenic exposure induced an altered morphology of astrocytes at all studied ages, whereas increased synaptogenesis was only observed at two months of age. These results suggest that environmental arsenic exposure is linked to impaired hippocampal connectivity and perhaps early glial senescence, which together might resemble a premature aging phenomenon leading to cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Niño
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Erika Chi-Ahumada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Leticia Carrizales
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Ana María Estrada-Sánchez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Sergio Zarazúa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Luis Concha
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - María E Jiménez-Capdeville
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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18
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Ahmed G, Shinmyo Y. Multiple Functions of Draxin/Netrin-1 Signaling in the Development of Neural Circuits in the Spinal Cord and the Brain. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:766911. [PMID: 34899198 PMCID: PMC8655782 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.766911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon guidance proteins play key roles in the formation of neural circuits during development. We previously identified an axon guidance cue, named draxin, that has no homology with other axon guidance proteins. Draxin is essential for the development of various neural circuits including the spinal cord commissure, corpus callosum, and thalamocortical projections. Draxin has been shown to not only control axon guidance through netrin-1 receptors, deleted in colorectal cancer (Dcc), and neogenin (Neo1) but also modulate netrin-1-mediated axon guidance and fasciculation. In this review, we summarize the multifaceted functions of draxin and netrin-1 signaling in neural circuit formation in the central nervous system. Furthermore, because recent studies suggest that the distributions and functions of axon guidance cues are highly regulated by glycoproteins such as Dystroglycan and Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, we discuss a possible function of glycoproteins in draxin/netrin-1-mediated axon guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giasuddin Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yohei Shinmyo
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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19
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Wittmann MT, Katada S, Sock E, Kirchner P, Ekici AB, Wegner M, Nakashima K, Lie DC, Reis A. scRNA sequencing uncovers a TCF4-dependent transcription factor network regulating commissure development in mouse. Development 2021; 148:269257. [PMID: 34184026 PMCID: PMC8327186 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is a crucial regulator of neurodevelopment and has been linked to the pathogenesis of autism, intellectual disability and schizophrenia. As a class I bHLH transcription factor (TF), it is assumed that TCF4 exerts its neurodevelopmental functions through dimerization with proneural class II bHLH TFs. Here, we aim to identify TF partners of TCF4 in the control of interhemispheric connectivity formation. Using a new bioinformatic strategy integrating TF expression levels and regulon activities from single cell RNA-sequencing data, we find evidence that TCF4 interacts with non-bHLH TFs and modulates their transcriptional activity in Satb2+ intercortical projection neurons. Notably, this network comprises regulators linked to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, e.g. FOXG1, SOX11 and BRG1. In support of the functional interaction of TCF4 with non-bHLH TFs, we find that TCF4 and SOX11 biochemically interact and cooperatively control commissure formation in vivo, and regulate the transcription of genes implicated in this process. In addition to identifying new candidate interactors of TCF4 in neurodevelopment, this study illustrates how scRNA-Seq data can be leveraged to predict TF networks in neurodevelopmental processes. Summary: Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies interactions of TCF4 with non-bHLH transcription factors linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disease in the regulation of interhemispheric projection neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sayako Katada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Kunpalin Y, Deprest J, Papastefanou I, Bredaki E, Sacco A, Russo F, Richter J, Jansen K, Ourselin S, De Coppi P, David AL, Ushakov F, De Catte L. Incidence and patterns of abnormal corpus callosum in fetuses with isolated spina bifida aperta. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:957-964. [PMID: 33834531 PMCID: PMC7613455 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and characterise corpus callosum (CC) abnormalities in fetuses with spina bifida aperta (SBA) between 18 and 26 weeks of gestation. METHODS This was a retrospective study on fetuses with isolated SBA and who were assessed for fetal surgery. Digitally stored ultrasound images of the brain were reviewed for the presence/absence of the CC, and the length and diameter of its constituent parts (rostrum, genu, body and splenium). We used regression analysis to determine the relationship between CC abnormalities and gestational age, head circumference, ventricle size, lesion level and lesion type. RESULTS Nearly three-quarters of fetuses with isolated SBA had an abnormal CC (71.7%, 76/106). Partial agenesis was most common in the splenium (18.9%, 20/106) and the rostrum (13.2%, 14/106). The most common abnormal pattern was of a short CC with normal diameter throughout. Of note, 20.8% (22/106) had a hypoplastic genu and 28.3% (30/106) had a thick body part. Larger lateral ventricle size was associated with partial agenesis of the CC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.14, p < 0.001) and inversely associated with a shorter CC (OR: 2.60, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION An abnormal CC is common in fetuses with isolated SBA who are referred for fetal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yada Kunpalin
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Deprest
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Emma Bredaki
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adalina Sacco
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Russo
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jute Richter
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Jansen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna L. David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fred Ushakov
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luc De Catte
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Diogo MC, Glatter S, Prayer D, Gruber GM, Bettelheim D, Weber M, Dovjak G, Seidl R, Kasprian G. Improved neurodevelopmental prognostication in isolated corpus callosal agenesis: fetal magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 58:34-41. [PMID: 32484578 PMCID: PMC8362015 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Corpus callosal agenesis (CCA) is one of the most common brain malformations and is generally associated with a good outcome when isolated. However, up to 25% of patients are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay, which currently available clinical and imaging parameters are inadequate to predict. The objectives of this study were to apply and validate a fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomical scoring system in a cohort of fetuses with isolated CCA and to evaluate the correlation with postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of cases of prenatally diagnosed isolated CCA (as determined on ultrasound and MRI), with normal karyotype and with known postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome assessed by standardized testing. A fetal brain MRI anatomical scoring system based on seven categories (gyration, opercularization, temporal lobe symmetry, lamination, hippocampal position, basal ganglia and ventricular size) was developed and applied to the cohort; a total score of 0-11 points could be given, with a score of 0 representing normal anatomy. Images were scored independently by two neuroradiologists blinded to the outcome. For the purpose of assessing the correlation between fetal MRI score and neurodevelopmental outcome, neurodevelopmental test results were scored as follows: 0, 'below average' (poor outcome); 1, 'average'; and 2, 'above average' (good outcome). Spearman's rank coefficient was used to assess correlation, and inter-rater agreement in the assessment of fetal MRI score was calculated. RESULTS Twenty-one children (nine females (42.9%)) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty-seven fetal MRI examinations were evaluated. Mean gestational age was 28.3 ± 4.7 weeks (range, 20-38 weeks). All fetuses were delivered after 35 weeks' gestation with no perinatal complications. Fetal MRI scores ranged from 0 to 6 points, with a median of 3 points. Inter-rater agreement in fetal MRI score assessment was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.959 (95% CI, 0.921-0.979)). Neurodevelopmental evaluation was performed on average at 2.6 ± 1.46 years (range, 0.5-5.8 years). There was a significant negative correlation between fetal MRI score and neurodevelopmental outcome score in the three areas tested: cognitive (ρ = -0.559, P < 0.0001); motor (ρ = -0.414, P = 0.012) and language (ρ = -0.565, P < 0.0001) skills. Using fetal MRI score cut-offs of ≤ 3 (good outcome) and ≥ 4 points (high risk for poor outcome), the correct prognosis could be determined in 20/21 (95.2% (95% CI, 77.3-99.2%)) cases. CONCLUSION By assessing structural features of the fetal brain on MRI, it may be possible to better stratify prenatally the risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcome in CCA patients. © 2020 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Diogo
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Neuroradiology DepartmentHospital Garcia de OrtaAlmadaPortugal
| | - S. Glatter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - D. Prayer
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. M. Gruber
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Anatomy and BiomechanicsKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria
| | - D. Bettelheim
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - M. Weber
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. Dovjak
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - R. Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. Kasprian
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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22
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Siffredi V, Preti MG, Obertino S, Leventer RJ, Wood AG, McIlroy A, Anderson V, Spencer-Smith MM, Van De Ville D. Revisiting brain rewiring and plasticity in children born without corpus callosum. Dev Sci 2021; 24:e13126. [PMID: 34060677 PMCID: PMC8596429 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest white matter pathway connecting homologous structures of the two cerebral hemispheres. Remarkably, children and adults with developmental absence of the corpus callosum (callosal dysgenesis, CD) show typical interhemispheric integration, which is classically impaired in adult split-brain patients, for whom the corpus callosum is surgically severed. Tovar-Moll and colleagues (2014) proposed alternative neural pathways involved in the preservation of interhemispheric transfer. In a sample of six adults with CD, they revealed two homotopic bundles crossing the midline via the anterior and posterior commissures and connecting parietal cortices, and the microstructural properties of these aberrant bundles were associated with functional connectivity of these regions. The aberrant bundles were specific to CD and not visualised in healthy brains. We extended this study in a developmental cohort of 20 children with CD and 29 typically developing controls (TDC). The two anomalous white-matter bundles were visualised using tractography. Associations between structural properties of these bundles and their regional functional connectivity were explored. The proposed atypical bundles were observed in 30% of our CD cohort crossing via the anterior commissure, and in 30% crossing via the posterior commissure (also observed in 6.9% of TDC). However, the structural property measures of these bundles were not associated with parietal functional connectivity, bringing into question their role and implication for interhemispheric functional connectivity in CD. It is possible that very early disruption of embryological callosal development enhances neuroplasticity and facilitates the formation of these proposed alternative neural pathways, but further evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Siffredi
- Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria G Preti
- Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Obertino
- Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Neuroscience Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda G Wood
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Life and Health Sciences & Aston Neuroscience Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alissandra McIlroy
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Neuroscience Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Megan M Spencer-Smith
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland
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23
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Kostović I, Radoš M, Kostović-Srzentić M, Krsnik Ž. Fundamentals of the Development of Connectivity in the Human Fetal Brain in Late Gestation: From 24 Weeks Gestational Age to Term. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:393-414. [PMID: 33823016 PMCID: PMC8054138 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During the second half of gestation, the human cerebrum undergoes pivotal histogenetic events that underlie functional connectivity. These include the growth, guidance, selection of axonal pathways, and their first engagement in neuronal networks. Here, we characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of cerebral connectivity in extremely preterm (EPT), very preterm (VPT), preterm and term babies, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological data. In the EPT and VPT babies, thalamocortical axons enter into the cortical plate creating the electrical synapses. Additionally, the subplate zone gradually resolves in the preterm and term brain in conjunction with the growth of associative pathways leading to the activation of large-scale neural networks. We demonstrate that specific classes of axonal pathways within cerebral compartments are selectively vulnerable to temporally nested pathogenic factors. In particular, the radial distribution of axonal lesions, that is, radial vulnerability, is a robust predictor of clinical outcome. Furthermore, the subplate tangential nexus that we can visualize using MRI could be an additional marker as pivotal in the development of cortical connectivity. We suggest to direct future research toward the identification of sensitive markers of earlier lesions, the elucidation of genetic mechanisms underlying pathogenesis, and better long-term follow-up using structural and functional MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Kostović
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milan Radoš
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia.,Polyclinic "Neuron", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Kostović-Srzentić
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Health Psychology, University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Center of Research Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Krsnik
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia
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24
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Glatter S, Kasprian G, Bettelheim D, Ulm B, Weber M, Seidl R, Prayer D, Diogo MC. Beyond Isolated and Associated: A Novel Fetal MR Imaging-Based Scoring System Helps in the Prenatal Prognostication of Callosal Agenesis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:782-786. [PMID: 33707281 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although "corpus callosum agenesis" is an umbrella term for multiple entities, prenatal counseling is based reductively on the presence (associated) or absence (isolated) of additional abnormalities. Our aim was to test the applicability of a fetal MR neuroimaging score in a cohort of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed isolated corpus callosum agenesis and associated corpus callosum agenesis and correlate it with neurodevelopmental outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of a cohort of cases of consecutive corpus callosum agenesis collected between January 2011 and July 2019. Cases were scored by 2 raters, and interater agreement was calculated. Outcome was assessed by standardized testing (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children) or a structured telephone interview and correlated with scores using 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS We included 137 cases (74 cases of isolated corpus callosum agenesis), imaged at a mean of 27 gestational weeks. Interrater agreement was excellent (0.98). Scores were higher in associated corpus callosum agenesis (P < .0001) without a significant score difference between complete and partial corpus callosum agenesis (P = .38). Outcome was assessed in 42 children with isolated corpus callosum agenesis and 9 with associated corpus callosum agenesis (mean age, 3.1 years). MR imaging scores correctly predicted developmental outcome in 90.7% of patients with isolated corpus callosum agenesis, improving neurodevelopmental risk stratification in corpus callosum agenesis. CONCLUSIONS The scoring system is very reproducible and can differentiate isolated corpus callosum agenesis and associated isolated corpus callosum agenesis (significantly higher scores) but not between partial and complete corpus callosum agenesis. Scores correlated with outcome in isolated corpus callosum agenesis, but there were too few associated postnatal cases of isolated corpus callosum agenesis to draw conclusions in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glatter
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.G., R.S.), Division of Pediatric Neurology
| | - G Kasprian
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
| | - D Bettelheim
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (D.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (B.U., D.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Ulm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (B.U., D.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Weber
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
| | - R Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.G., R.S.), Division of Pediatric Neurology
| | - D Prayer
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
| | - M C Diogo
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
- Neuroradiology Department (M.C.D.), Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal
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25
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Manor C, Rangasami R, Suresh I, Suresh S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Fetal Corpus Callosal Developmental Abnormalities: A Pictorial Essay. J Pediatr Neurosci 2021; 15:352-357. [PMID: 33936297 PMCID: PMC8078640 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_174_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the principal supratentorial cerebral commissure, which connects the two cerebral hemispheres in the midline. It is divided into rostrum, genu, body, and splenium. Affected patients may develop mental retardation, dysmorphic features, spasticity, ataxia, or epilepsy. Corpus callosal abnormalities may be isolated or be associated with other anomalies such as sulcal abnormality, ventriculomegaly, cerebellar hypoplasia or cerebellar vermian hypoplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a major role in the diagnosis of fetal corpus callosal developmental abnormalities when they are suspected on sonography. This pictorial essay shows the MRI findings in fetal corpus callosal developmental abnormalities in a very systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindhya Manor
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeswaran Rangasami
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Indrani Suresh
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Mediscan Systems, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudarshan Suresh
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Mediscan Systems, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Ku RY, Torii M. New Molecular Players in the Development of Callosal Projections. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010029. [PMID: 33375263 PMCID: PMC7824101 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical development in humans is a long and ongoing process that continuously modifies the neural circuitry into adolescence. This is well represented by the dynamic maturation of the corpus callosum, the largest white matter tract in the brain. Callosal projection neurons whose long-range axons form the main component of the corpus callosum are evolved relatively recently with a substantial, disproportionate increase in numbers in humans. Though the anatomy of the corpus callosum and cellular processes in its development have been intensively studied by experts in a variety of fields over several decades, the whole picture of its development, in particular, the molecular controls over the development of callosal projections, still has many missing pieces. This review highlights the most recent progress on the understanding of corpus callosum formation with a special emphasis on the novel molecular players in the development of axonal projections in the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Yueh Ku
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
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27
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Siffredi V, Preti MG, Kebets V, Obertino S, Leventer RJ, McIlroy A, Wood AG, Anderson V, Spencer-Smith MM, Van De Ville D. Structural Neuroplastic Responses Preserve Functional Connectivity and Neurobehavioural Outcomes in Children Born Without Corpus Callosum. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1227-1239. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest white matter pathway in the brain connecting the two hemispheres. In the context of developmental absence (agenesis) of the corpus callosum (AgCC), a proposed candidate for neuroplastic response is strengthening of intrahemispheric pathways. To test this hypothesis, we assessed structural and functional connectivity in a uniquely large cohort of children with AgCC (n = 20) compared with typically developing controls (TDC, n = 29), and then examined associations with neurobehavioral outcomes using a multivariate data-driven approach (partial least squares correlation, PLSC). For structural connectivity, children with AgCC showed a significant increase in intrahemispheric connectivity in addition to a significant decrease in interhemispheric connectivity compared with TDC, in line with the aforementioned hypothesis. In contrast, for functional connectivity, children with AgCC and TDC showed a similar pattern of intrahemispheric and interhemispheric connectivity. In conclusion, we observed structural strengthening of intrahemispheric pathways in children born without corpus callosum, which seems to allow for functional connectivity comparable to a typically developing brain, and were relevant to explain neurobehavioral outcomes in this population. This neuroplasticity might be relevant to other disorders of axonal guidance, and developmental disorders in which corpus callosum alteration is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Siffredi
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Maria G Preti
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Kebets
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, N.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Silvia Obertino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Neuroscience Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alissandra McIlroy
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Amanda G Wood
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Life and Health Sciences & Aston Neuroscience Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Neuroscience Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Megan M Spencer-Smith
- Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva 1206, Switzerland
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28
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Bobić Rasonja M, Orešković D, Knezović V, Pogledić I, Pupačić D, Vukšić M, Brugger PC, Prayer D, Petanjek Z, Jovanov Milošević N. Histological and MRI Study of the Development of the Human Indusium Griseum. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4709-4724. [PMID: 30722016 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover the ontogenesis of the human indusium griseum (IG), 28 post-mortem fetal human brains, 12-40 postconceptional weeks (PCW) of age, and 4 adult brains were analyzed immunohistochemically and compared with post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 28 fetal brains (14-41 PCW). The morphogenesis of the IG occurred between 12 and 15 PCW, transforming the bilateral IG primordia into a ribbon-like cortical lamina. The histogenetic transition of sub-laminated zones into the three-layered cortical organization occurred between 15 and 35 PCW, concomitantly with rapid cell differentiation that occurred from 18 to 28 PCW and the elaboration of neuronal connectivity during the entire second half of gestation. The increasing number of total cells and neurons in the IG at 25 and 35 PCW confirmed its continued differentiation throughout this period. High-field 3.0 T post-mortem MRI enabled visualization of the IG at the mid-fetal stage using T2-weighted sequences. In conclusion, the IG had a distinct histogenetic differentiation pattern than that of the neighboring intralimbic areas of the same ontogenetic origin, and did not show any signs of regression during the fetal period or postnatally, implying a functional role of the IG in the adult brain, which is yet to be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Bobić Rasonja
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Orešković
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Av. G. Šuška 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vinka Knezović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Pogledić
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Pupačić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mario Vukšić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter C Brugger
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zdravko Petanjek
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Jovanov Milošević
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, Zagreb, Croatia
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29
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Foss S, Flanders TM, Heuer GG, Schreiber JE. Neurobehavioral outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 47:E6. [PMID: 31574480 DOI: 10.3171/2019.7.focus19445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes some of the more common patterns in neurobehavioral deficits and their underlying neuroanatomical basis in myelomeningocele (MMC). Patients with MMC can face a lifetime of specific organ system dysfunction, chief among them spinal cord malformations, orthopedic issues, hydrocephalus, and urological disabilities. In addition, patients can experience specific patterns of neurobehavioral difficulties due to the changes in neuroanatomy associated with the open spinal defect. Although there is variability in these patterns, some trends have been described among MMC patients. It is thought that early recognition of these potential neurobehavioral deficits by treating neurosurgeons and other members of the treatment team could lead to earlier intervention and positively impact the overall outcome for patients. Neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral follow-up assessments are recommended to help guide planning for relevant treatments or accommodations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Foss
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Divisions of
| | | | - Gregory G Heuer
- 2Neurosurgery and.,3Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane E Schreiber
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Divisions of.,3Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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30
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Anterior and posterior commissures in agenesis of the corpus callosum: Alternative pathways for attention processes? Cortex 2019; 121:454-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tarui T, Madan N, Farhat N, Kitano R, Ceren Tanritanir A, Graham G, Gagoski B, Craig A, Rollins CK, Ortinau C, Iyer V, Pienaar R, Bianchi DW, Grant PE, Im K. Disorganized Patterns of Sulcal Position in Fetal Brains with Agenesis of Corpus Callosum. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3192-3203. [PMID: 30124828 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetuses with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) are associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disability that cannot be specifically predicted in prenatal neuroimaging. We hypothesized that ACC may be associated with aberrant cortical folding. In this study, we determined altered patterning of early primary sulci development in fetuses with isolated ACC using novel quantitative sulcal pattern analysis which measures deviations of regional sulcal features (position, depth, and area) and their intersulcal relationships in 7 fetuses with isolated ACC (27.1 ± 3.8 weeks of gestation, mean ± SD) and 17 typically developing (TD) fetuses (25.7 ± 2.0 weeks) from normal templates. Fetuses with ACC showed significant alterations in absolute sulcal positions and relative intersulcal positional relationship compared to TD fetuses, which were not detected by traditional gyrification index. Our results reveal altered sulcal positional development even in isolated ACC that is present as early as the second trimester and continues throughout the fetal period. It might originate from altered white matter connections and portend functional variances in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Tarui
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neel Madan
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabgha Farhat
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rie Kitano
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asye Ceren Tanritanir
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa Craig
- Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, ME, USA
| | - Caitlin K Rollins
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia Ortinau
- Department of Pediatrics Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vidya Iyer
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudolph Pienaar
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiho Im
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kaur R, Surala M, Hoger S, Grössmann N, Grimm A, Timaeus L, Kallina W, Hummel T. Pioneer interneurons instruct bilaterality in the Drosophila olfactory sensory map. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw5537. [PMID: 31681838 PMCID: PMC6810332 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interhemispheric synaptic connections, a prominent feature in animal nervous systems for the rapid exchange and integration of neuronal information, can appear quite suddenly during brain evolution, raising the question about the underlying developmental mechanism. Here, we show in the Drosophila olfactory system that the induction of a bilateral sensory map, an evolutionary novelty in dipteran flies, is mediated by a unique type of commissural pioneer interneurons (cPINs) via the localized activity of the cell adhesion molecule Neuroglian. Differential Neuroglian signaling in cPINs not only prepatterns the olfactory contralateral tracts but also prevents the targeting of ingrowing sensory axons to their ipsilateral synaptic partners. These results identified a sensitive cellular interaction to switch the sequential assembly of diverse neuron types from a unilateral to a bilateral brain circuit organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmit Kaur
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Surala
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Hoger
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Grössmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, Health Technology Assessment (LBI-HTA), Garnisongasse7/20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Health Economics, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Grimm
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorin Timaeus
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kallina
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Spak D, Card E. Music, Movement, and Mind: Use of Drumming to Improve Strength, Balance, Proprioception, Stamina, Coordination, and Emotional Status in a 12-Year-Old With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: A Case Study. J Holist Nurs 2019; 38:186-192. [PMID: 31475604 DOI: 10.1177/0898010119871380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to report a case study of the effect of therapeutic drumming on motor, communication skills, and behavior of a preteen diagnosed with agenesis of the corpus callosum. This 12-year-old participated in 30- to 45-minute weekly sessions over a 12-month period in which rudimentary drumming exercises were used to analyze and then measure any changes in equilibrium reactions, postural transfers, and trunk control. Measurable documentation evidenced marked improvement in motor skills while suggesting communication and behavioral improvement. The findings support the theory that therapeutic drumming would benefit preteens with agenesis of the corpus callosum, which provides promising evidence to other neurologic developmental diagnoses and therefore indicates a need for further research. While the therapeutic nature of music is well documented, how the listener participates can influence the effect of the music. For example, passive music listening can improve pain or anxiety, however, active music listening with expected intentional action may improve physical, mental, behavioral, and spiritual healing. Active music listening could be a valuable holistic nursing intervention.
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Culjat M, Milošević NJ. Callosal septa express guidance cues and are paramedian guideposts for human corpus callosum development. J Anat 2019; 235:670-686. [PMID: 31070791 PMCID: PMC6704273 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The early development and growth of the corpus callosum are supported by several midline transient structures in mammals that include callosal septa (CS), which are present only in the second half of gestation in humans. Here we provide new data that support the guidance role of CS in corpus callosum development, derived from the analysis of 46 postmortem fetal brains, ranging in age from 16 to 40 post conception weeks (PCW). Using immunohistochemical methods, we show the expression pattern of guidance cues ephrinA4 and neogenin, extracellular protein fibronectin, as well as non-activated microglia in the CS. We found that the dynamic changes in expression of guidance cues, cellular and extracellular matrix constituents in the CS correlate well with the growth course of the corpus callosum at midsagittal level. The CS reach and maintain their developmental maximum between 20 and 26 PCW and can be visualized as hypointense structures in the ventral callosal portion with ex vivo (in vitro) T2-weighted 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The maximum of septal development overlaps with an increase in the callosal midsagittal area, whereas the slow, gradual resolution of CS coincides with a plateau of midsagittal callosal growth. The recognition of CS existence in human fetal brain and the ability to visualize them by ex vivoMRI attributes a potential diagnostic value to these transient structures, as advancement in imaging technologies will likely also enable in vivoMRI visualization of the CS in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Culjat
- MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDCUSA
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Jin J, Ravindran P, Di Meo D, Püschel AW. Igf1R/InsR function is required for axon extension and corpus callosum formation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219362. [PMID: 31318893 PMCID: PMC6638864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest steps during the development of the nervous system is the establishment of neuronal polarity and the formation of an axon. The intrinsic mechanisms that promote axon formation have been extensively analyzed. However, much less is known about the extrinsic signals that initiate axon formation. One of the candidates for these signals is Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) that acts through the Igf1 (Igf1R) and insulin receptors (InsR). Since Igf1R and InsR may act redundantly we analyzed conditional cortex-specific knockout mice that are deficient for both Igf1r and Insr to determine if they regulate the development of the cortex and the formation of axons in vivo. Our results show that Igf1R/InsR function is required for the normal development of the embryonic hippocampus and cingulate cortex while the lateral cortex does not show apparent defects in the Igf1r;Insr knockout. In the cingulate cortex, the number of intermediate progenitors and deep layer neurons is reduced and the corpus callosum is absent at E17. However, cortical organization and axon formation are not impaired in knockout embryos. In culture, cortical and hippocampal neurons from Igf1r;Insr knockout embryos extend an axon but the length of this axon is severely reduced. Our results indicate that Igf1R/InsR function is required for brain development in a region-specific manner and promotes axon growth but is not essential for neuronal polarization and migration in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Danila Di Meo
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Püschel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Gajera M, Desai N, Suzuki A, Li A, Zhang M, Jun G, Jia P, Zhao Z, Iwata J. MicroRNA-655-3p and microRNA-497-5p inhibit cell proliferation in cultured human lip cells through the regulation of genes related to human cleft lip. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:70. [PMID: 31122291 PMCID: PMC6533741 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), a common congenital birth defect, is complex and involves the contribution of genetic and environmental factors. Although many candidate genes have been identified, the regulation and interaction of these genes in CL/P remain unclear. In addition, the contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of multiple genes, to the etiology of CL/P is largely unknown. Methods To identify the signatures of causative biological pathways for human CL/P, we conducted a systematic literature review for human CL/P candidate genes and subsequent bioinformatics analyses. Functional enrichment analyses of the candidate CL/P genes were conducted using the pathway databases GO and KEGG. The miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of the CL/P candidate genes was analyzed with miRanda, PITA, and TargetScan, and miRTarbase. Genotype-phenotype association analysis was conducted using GWAS. The functional significance of the candidate miRNAs was evaluated experimentally in cell proliferation and target gene regulation assays in human lip fibroblasts. Results Through an extensive search of the main biomedical databases, we mined 177 genes with mutations or association/linkage reported in individuals with CL/P, and considered them as candidate genes for human CL/P. The genotype-phenotype association study revealed that mutations in 12 genes (ABCA4, ADAM3A, FOXE1, IRF6, MSX2, MTHFR, NTN1, PAX7, TP63, TPM1, VAX1, and WNT9B) were significantly associated with CL/P. In addition, our bioinformatics analysis predicted 16 microRNAs (miRNAs) to be post-transcriptional regulators of CL/P genes. To validate the bioinformatics results, the top six candidate miRNAs (miR-124-3p, miR-369-3p, miR-374a-5p, miR-374b-5p, miR-497-5p, and miR-655-3p) were evaluated by cell proliferation/survival assays and miRNA-gene regulation assays in cultured human lip fibroblasts. We found that miR-497-5p and miR-655-3p significantly suppressed cell proliferation in these cells. Furthermore, the expression of the predicted miRNA-target genes was significantly downregulated by either miR-497-5p or miR-655-3p mimic. Conclusion Expression of miR-497-5p and miR-655-3p suppresses cell proliferation through the regulation of human CL/P-candidate genes. This study provides insights into the role of miRNAs in the etiology of CL/P and suggests possible strategies for the diagnosis of CL/P. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0535-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Gajera
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neha Desai
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aimin Li
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Musi Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Goo Jun
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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Valenti M, Pino MC, Mazza M, Panzarino G, Di Paolantonio C, Verrotti A. Abnormal Structural and Functional Connectivity of the Corpus Callosum in Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-019-00176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest of the 3 telencephalic commissures in eutherian (placental) mammals. Although the anterior commissure, and the hippocampal commissure before being pushed dorsally by the expanding frontal lobes, cross through the lamina reuniens (upper part of the lamina terminalis), the callosal fibers need a transient interhemispheric cellular bridge to cross. This review describes the molecular pathways that initiate the specification of the cells comprising this bridge, the specification of the callosal neurons, and the repulsive and attractive guidance molecules that convey the callosal axons toward, across, and away from the midline to connect with their targets.
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Knezović V, Kasprian G, Štajduhar A, Schwartz E, Weber M, Gruber GM, Brugger PC, Prayer D, Vukšić M. Underdevelopment of the Human Hippocampus in Callosal Agenesis: An In Vivo Fetal MRI Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:576-581. [PMID: 30792247 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In subjects with agenesis of the corpus callosum, a variety of structural brain alterations is already present during prenatal life. Quantification of these alterations in fetuses with associated brain or body malformations (corpus callosum agenesis and other related anomalies) and so-called isolated cases may help to optimize the challenging prognostic prenatal assessment of fetuses with corpus callosum agenesis. This fetal MR imaging study aimed to identify differences in the size of the prenatal hippocampus between subjects with isolated corpus callosum agenesis, corpus callosum agenesis and other related anomalies, and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-five in utero fetal brain MR imaging scans, (20-35 gestational weeks) were postprocessed using a high-resolution algorithm. On the basis of multiplanar T2-TSE sequences, 3D isovoxel datasets were generated, and both hippocampi and the intracranial volume were segmented. RESULTS Hippocampal volumes increased linearly with gestational weeks in all 3 groups. One-way ANOVA demonstrated differences in hippocampal volumes between control and pathologic groups (isolated corpus callosum agenesis: left, P = .02; right, P = .04; corpus callosum agenesis and other related anomalies: P < .001). Differences among the pathologic groups were also present for both sides. Intracranial volume and right and left hippocampal volume ratios were different between corpus callosum agenesis cases and controls (P < .001). When we corrected for intracranial volume, no differences were found between corpus callosum agenesis and other associated anomalies and isolated corpus callosum agenesis (left, P = .77; right, P = .84). Hippocampal size differences were more pronounced at a later gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Callosal agenesis apparently interferes with the normal process of hippocampal formation and growth, resulting in underdevelopment, which could account for certain learning and memory deficits in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Knezović
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research (V.K., A.Š., M.V.), School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (G.K., E.S., M.W., D.P.)
| | - A Štajduhar
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research (V.K., A.Š., M.V.), School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - E Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (G.K., E.S., M.W., D.P.)
| | - M Weber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (G.K., E.S., M.W., D.P.)
| | - G M Gruber
- Division of Anatomy (G.M.G., P.C.B.), Centre for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P C Brugger
- Division of Anatomy (G.M.G., P.C.B.), Centre for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (G.K., E.S., M.W., D.P.)
| | - M Vukšić
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research (V.K., A.Š., M.V.), School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Wegiel J, Kaczmarski W, Flory M, Martinez-Cerdeno V, Wisniewski T, Nowicki K, Kuchna I, Wegiel J. Deficit of corpus callosum axons, reduced axon diameter and decreased area are markers of abnormal development of interhemispheric connections in autistic subjects. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:143. [PMID: 30567587 PMCID: PMC6299595 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In autism spectrum disorder, lack of coherence and of complex information processing, and narrowly focused interests and repetitive behaviors are considered a sign of long-range underconnectivity and short-range overconnectivity. The goal of this morphometric study of five anatomically and functionally different segments of the corpus callosum (CC) was to establish patterns of differences between long-range interhemispheric connections in nine neurotypical and nine autistic subjects. RESULTS Electron microscopy revealed a significant reduction in average axon diameter and axon cross-sectional area in autistic subjects, and reduction in CC segment-specific diversification of connections of functionally different cortical regions. The study shows an increase in the percentage of small diameter axons (< 0.651 μm) and a decrease in the percentage of axons with large diameter (> 1.051 μm). The total number of small-diameter axons is reduced in segment I and III by 43% on average. The number of medium- and large-diameter axons is reduced in all five CC segments by an average of 49 and 72%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The detected pattern of pathology suggests a failure of mechanisms controlling guidance of axons during development leading to axonal deficit, and failure of mechanisms controlling axon structure. A reduction in axon diameter may affect the velocity and volume of signal transmission, and distort functional specialization of CC segments. Significant deficits in axon number and reduction in axon size in all five CC segments appear to be substantial components of brain connectome integrity distortion which may contribute to the autism phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarek Wegiel
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
| | - Wojciech Kaczmarski
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Michael Flory
- Research Design and Analysis Services, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krzysztof Nowicki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Izabela Kuchna
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
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Exogenous Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation Results in Structural and Functional Recovery in a Hypoxic-Ischemic Hemiplegic Mouse Model. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0369-18. [PMID: 30713997 PMCID: PMC6354788 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0369-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common pediatric neurodevelopmental disorder, frequently resulting in motor and developmental deficits and often accompanied by cognitive impairments. A regular pathobiological hallmark of CP is oligodendrocyte maturation impairment resulting in white matter (WM) injury and reduced axonal myelination. Regeneration therapies based on cell replacement are currently limited, but neural precursor cells (NPCs), as cellular support for myelination, represent a promising regeneration strategy to treat CP, although the transplantation parameters (e.g., timing, dosage, mechanism) remain to be determined. We optimized a hemiplegic mouse model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia that mirrors the pathobiological hallmarks of CP and transplanted NPCs into the corpus callosum (CC), a major white matter structure impacted in CP patients. The NPCs survived, engrafted, and differentiated morphologically in male and female mice. Histology and MRI showed repair of lesioned structures. Furthermore, electrophysiology revealed functional myelination of the CC (e.g., restoration of conduction velocity), while cylinder and CatWalk tests demonstrated motor recovery of the affected forelimb. Endogenous oligodendrocytes, recruited in the CC following transplantation of exogenous NPCs, are the principal actors in this recovery process. The lack of differentiation of the transplanted NPCs is consistent with enhanced recovery due to an indirect mechanism, such as a trophic and/or “bio-bridge” support mediated by endogenous oligodendrocytes. Our work establishes that transplantation of NPCs represents a viable therapeutic strategy for CP treatment, and that the enhanced recovery is mediated by endogenous oligodendrocytes. This will further our understanding and contribute to the improvement of cellular therapeutic strategies.
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Leombroni M, Khalil A, Liberati M, D'Antonio F. Fetal midline anomalies: Diagnosis and counselling Part 1: Corpus callosum anomalies. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:951-962. [PMID: 30448279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Midline anomalies encompasses a heterogeneous group of conditions caused by an abnormal process of ventral induction after the end of primary neurulation. Advances in prenatal imaging techniques have led to an increase in the detection rate of such anomalies since the first trimester of pregnancy although a significant proportion of them remain undiagnosed until birth. Ultrasound is the primary technique in detecting such anomalies while fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly performed to confirm the diagnosis and detect additional anomalies, especially those involving the cortical surface of the brain, which may potentially impact post-natal outcome. Neurodevelopmental outcome of cerebral anomalies involving the midline is directly related to the type of anomaly, cause and presence of associated anomalies. However, even in case of isolated anomalies prenatal counselling is challenging. The aim of this review is to provide an up to date on the diagnosis, counselling and management of the most common supra-tentorial anomalies involving the midline and diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Leombroni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Asma Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Division of Developmental Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Liberati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Antonio
- Womenś Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Yeh HR, Park HK, Kim HJ, Ko TS, Won HS, Lee MY, Shim JY, Yum MS. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with prenatally diagnosed corpus callosal abnormalities. Brain Dev 2018; 40:634-641. [PMID: 29801921 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although corpus callosal abnormalities are among the most common brain malformations detected prenatally, few previous studies have described the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with this condition. The aim of our study was to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes and associated clinical features of children with corpus callosal abnormalities diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. METHODS Between July 2011 and July 2016, forty-nine children with corpus callosal abnormalities were born in Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital. Neurodevelopmental assessments were conducted in 40 patients at a median age of 24.8 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II or the Korean Infant and Child Development Test. Patients were categorized according to their postnatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and accompanying anomalies. Baseline characteristics and developmental outcomes of each group were compared. RESULTS Isolated agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum was found in 16 (32.7%) patients, other associated central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities were found in 28 (57.1%) patients, and non-CNS abnormalities were found in 11 (22.4%) patients. Among the 40 patients who underwent developmental assessment, 18 (45.0%) showed normal development and 10 (25.0%) showed moderate-to-severe global developmental delay. Seven of the twelve (58.3%) patients with isolated corpus callosal abnormalities showed normal development. The combination of corpus callosal abnormalities with non-CNS anomalies was significantly associated with developmental delay (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.6-3.9, p = 0.001). Conversely, children with isolated corpus callosal abnormalities showed relatively favorable neurodevelopmental outcomes. CONCLUSION Appropriate evaluation and comprehensive therapeutic approaches are strongly recommended for neonates who present with corpus callosal abnormalities combined with additional anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryun Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Won
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Shim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Sun Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Substance P receptor in the rat indusium griseum during postnatal development. Neurosci Res 2018; 130:23-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Siffredi V, Spencer-Smith M, Barrouillet P, Vaessen M, Leventer R, Anderson V, Vuilleumier P. Neural correlates of working memory in children and adolescents with agenesis of the corpus callosum: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2017; 106:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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WD40-repeat 47, a microtubule-associated protein, is essential for brain development and autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9308-E9317. [PMID: 29078390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713625114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of WD40-repeat (WDR) proteins is one of the largest in eukaryotes, but little is known about their function in brain development. Among 26 WDR genes assessed, we found 7 displaying a major impact in neuronal morphology when inactivated in mice. Remarkably, all seven genes showed corpus callosum defects, including thicker (Atg16l1, Coro1c, Dmxl2, and Herc1), thinner (Kif21b and Wdr89), or absent corpus callosum (Wdr47), revealing a common role for WDR genes in brain connectivity. We focused on the poorly studied WDR47 protein sharing structural homology with LIS1, which causes lissencephaly. In a dosage-dependent manner, mice lacking Wdr47 showed lethality, extensive fiber defects, microcephaly, thinner cortices, and sensory motor gating abnormalities. We showed that WDR47 shares functional characteristics with LIS1 and participates in key microtubule-mediated processes, including neural stem cell proliferation, radial migration, and growth cone dynamics. In absence of WDR47, the exhaustion of late cortical progenitors and the consequent decrease of neurogenesis together with the impaired survival of late-born neurons are likely yielding to the worsening of the microcephaly phenotype postnatally. Interestingly, the WDR47-specific C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) domain was associated with functions in autophagy described in mammals. Silencing WDR47 in hypothalamic GT1-7 neuronal cells and yeast models independently recapitulated these findings, showing conserved mechanisms. Finally, our data identified superior cervical ganglion-10 (SCG10) as an interacting partner of WDR47. Taken together, these results provide a starting point for studying the implications of WDR proteins in neuronal regulation of microtubules and autophagy.
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Wegiel J, Flory M, Kaczmarski W, Brown WT, Chadman K, Wisniewski T, Nowicki K, Kuchna I, Ma SY, Wegiel J. Partial Agenesis and Hypoplasia of the Corpus Callosum in Idiopathic Autism. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:225-237. [PMID: 28395085 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that developmental anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC), contribute to the pathogenesis of autism, we characterized the type, topography, and severity of CC pathology corresponding to reduced CC areas that are detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the brains of 11 individuals with autism and 11 controls. In the brains of 3 autistic subjects, partial CC agenesis resulted in complete or partial lack of interhemispheric axonal connections in CC segments III-V. In these cases, a combination of focal agenesis and uniform axonal deficit caused reduction of CC areas by 37%, of axon numbers by 62%, and of the numerical density of axons by 39%. In the CC of 8 autistic subjects without agenesis, there was an 18% deficit of the midsagittal CC area, 48.4% deficit of axon numbers, and 37% reduction of the numerical density of axons. The significantly thinner CC, reduced CC area, and uniform axonal deficit in all autistic subjects were classified as CC hypoplasia. Thus, the byproduct of partial CC agenesis and hypoplasia is reduction of axonal connections between cortical areas known to be involved in behavioral alterations observed in people with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarek Wegiel
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Michael Flory
- Research Design and Analysis Services, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Wojciech Kaczmarski
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - W Ted Brown
- Human Genetics, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Chadman
- Behavioral Pharmacology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krzysztof Nowicki
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Izabela Kuchna
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Shuang Yong Ma
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
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Greig LC, Woodworth MB, Greppi C, Macklis JD. Ctip1 Controls Acquisition of Sensory Area Identity and Establishment of Sensory Input Fields in the Developing Neocortex. Neuron 2017; 90:261-77. [PMID: 27100196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While transcriptional controls over the size and relative position of cortical areas have been identified, less is known about regulators that direct acquisition of area-specific characteristics. Here, we report that the transcription factor Ctip1 functions in primary sensory areas to repress motor and activate sensory programs of gene expression, enabling establishment of sharp molecular boundaries defining functional areas. In Ctip1 mutants, abnormal gene expression leads to aberrantly motorized corticocortical and corticofugal output connectivity. Ctip1 critically regulates differentiation of layer IV neurons, and selective loss of Ctip1 in cortex deprives thalamocortical axons of their receptive "sensory field" in layer IV, which normally provides a tangentially and radially defined compartment of dedicated synaptic territory. Therefore, although thalamocortical axons invade appropriate cortical regions, they are unable to organize into properly configured sensory maps. Together, these data identify Ctip1 as a critical control over sensory area development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano C Greig
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Center for Brain Science and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mollie B Woodworth
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Center for Brain Science and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chloé Greppi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Center for Brain Science and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Macklis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Center for Brain Science and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Son AI, Fu X, Suto F, Liu JS, Hashimoto-Torii K, Torii M. Proteome dynamics during postnatal mouse corpus callosum development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45359. [PMID: 28349996 PMCID: PMC5368975 DOI: 10.1038/srep45359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of cortical connections requires the precise coordination of numerous discrete phases. This is particularly significant with regard to the corpus callosum, whose development undergoes several dynamic stages including the crossing of axon projections, elimination of exuberant projections, and myelination of established tracts. To comprehensively characterize the molecular events in this dynamic process, we set to determine the distinct temporal expression of proteins regulating the formation of the corpus callosum and their respective developmental functions. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling was performed on early postnatal mouse corpus callosi, for which limited evidence has been obtained previously, using stable isotope of labeled amino acids in mammals (SILAM). The analyzed corpus callosi had distinct proteomic profiles depending on age, indicating rapid progression of specific molecular events during this period. The proteomic profiles were then segregated into five separate clusters, each with distinct trajectories relevant to their intended developmental functions. Our analysis both confirms many previously-identified proteins in aspects of corpus callosum development, and identifies new candidates in understudied areas of development including callosal axon refinement. We present a valuable resource for identifying new proteins integral to corpus callosum development that will provide new insights into the development and diseases afflicting this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Son
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Fu
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Fumikazu Suto
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Judy S Liu
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Milovanova OA, Alikhanov AA, Tambiev IE, Tarakanova TY. [Modern diagnostic of agenesis of the corpus callosum in children]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:63-66. [PMID: 28252607 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171171163-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Observations of the authors regarding main MRI symptoms of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and literature review on the structure of the corpus callosum in normalcy and pathology are presented. The authors emphasize that some cases of isolated ACC has been found during routine prenatal ultrasound examination. In this regard, prenatal MRI is more effective. In 74% patients with ACC, MRI results are consistent with the results of ultrasound and CT. MRI has advantages in the differentiation of inherited corpus callosum malformation as well as concomitant CNS abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Milovanova
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow; Bashlyaeva Children's City Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - I E Tambiev
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow; Bashlyaeva Children's City Hospital, Moscow, Russia
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