1
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Shepherd WB, Colaiacovo S, Campbell C, Saleh M. A novel MAP3K7 mutation in a child with cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome and orofacial clefting. Clin Genet 2023; 103:254-255. [PMID: 36320120 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the case of a patient with a novel de novo, likely pathogenic, heterozygous MAP3K7 variant (c.528dupT, p.G177WfsX5) causing cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCFS). The variant, which falls in exon 6, is the first frameshift or non-sense mutation to be connected to CSCFS and presents with a phenotype that shares features with other MAP3K7-linked pathologies, including frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2 (FMD2) and the syndrome arising from an interstitial 6q15 deletions which envelop the gene. Other known mutations associated with CSCFS are plotted in black text (1,2,3).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Colaiacovo
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Campbell
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha Saleh
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Miclea D, Osan S, Bucerzan S, Stefan D, Popp R, Mager M, Puiu M, Zimbru C, Chirita-Emandi A, Alkhzouz C. Copy number variation analysis in 189 Romanian patients with global developmental delay/intellectual disability. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:207. [PMID: 36585697 PMCID: PMC9801529 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental delay and intellectual disability represent a common pathology in general population, involving about 3% of the pediatric age population, the genetic etiology being often involved. The aim of this study was to determine the clinically relevant copy number variants in patients diagnosed with global developmental delay/intellectual disability in our population, using the chromosomal microarray analysis. METHODS We analyzed 189 patients diagnosed with global developmental delay/intellectual disability, presented in Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca. The patients were completely clinically investigated, including dysmorphic and internal malformations evaluation, psychiatric, neuropsychological and metabolic evaluation, standard karyotyping. Genomic analysis was done using chromosomal microarray analysis. RESULTS Pathogenic findings (including uniparental disomy) and variants of unknown significance were detected in 53 of 189 patients (28.04%). Pathogenic copy number variants and uniparental disomy were observed in 35 of 189 patients (18.51%). Two patients presented uniparental disomy for chromosome 15, one with clinical phenotype of Prader-Willi syndrome and the other with clinical phenotype with Angelman syndrome. Within the category of pathogenic findings, the recurrent copy number variants were seen in 21 of 35 patients (60%). CONCLUSIONS The increased percentage of pathogenic structural variants observed in patients with global developmental delay/intellectual disability analyzed by chromosomal microarray technique supports its use in patients with a non-specific phenotype such as these neurodevelopmental disorders. The high percentage of recurrent pathogenic variants between these findings is a finding that support their initial evaluation when a genetic testing algorithm could be a useful option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Miclea
- grid.411040.00000 0004 0571 5814Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur Street, No 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania ,Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Pasteur Street, No 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Osan
- grid.411040.00000 0004 0571 5814Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur Street, No 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Bucerzan
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Pasteur Street, No 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania ,grid.411040.00000 0004 0571 5814Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Stefan
- grid.411040.00000 0004 0571 5814Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur Street, No 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Popp
- grid.411040.00000 0004 0571 5814Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur Street, No 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Mager
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Pasteur Street, No 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania ,grid.411040.00000 0004 0571 5814Department of Neuroscience, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- grid.22248.3e0000 0001 0504 4027“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Zimbru
- grid.6992.40000 0001 1148 0861Polytechnic University, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adela Chirita-Emandi
- grid.22248.3e0000 0001 0504 4027“Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Camelia Alkhzouz
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Pasteur Street, No 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania ,grid.411040.00000 0004 0571 5814Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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Machida O, Shimojima KY, Shiihara T, Akamine S, Kira R, Hasegawa Y, Nishi E, Okamoto N, Nagata S, Yamamoto T. Interstitial deletions in the proximal regions of 6q: 12 original cases and a literature review. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2022; 11:143-148. [PMID: 36200032 PMCID: PMC9438003 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial microdeletions in the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 6 are rare. Herein we have reported 12 patients with developmental delays associated with interstitial microdeletions in 6q ranging from q12 to q22. The microdeletions were detected by chromosomal microarray testing. To confirm the clinical significance of these deletions, genotype-phenotype correlation analysis was performed using genetic and predicted loss-of-function data. SIM1 was recognized as the gene responsible for developmental delay, particularly in Prader-Willi syndrome-like phenotypes. Other genes possibly related to developmental delay were ZNF292, PHIP, KCNQ5, and NUS1. To further establish the correlation between the genotype and phenotype, more patient information is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Machida
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Division of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto Shimojima
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiihara
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akamine
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuiko Hasegawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Division of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Address correspondence to:Toshiyuki Yamamoto, Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. E-mail:
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4
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Síndrome de deleção 6q. SCIENTIA MEDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.37395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivos: Síndrome da deleção 6q é considerada uma anomalia cromossômica rara. Assim, nosso objetivo foi relatar um caso de um menino com essa síndrome, em Manaus/Amazonas.Descrição do caso: Menino com quatro anos de idade que apresenta atraso do crescimento e do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, dificuldades de ganho de peso e anormalidades na retina. A análise citogenética do paciente revelou cariótipo com 46, XY, del(6)(q25-qter).Conclusões: Este relato demonstrou a importância das análises citogenéticas para o diagnóstico preciso das anomalias congênitas, pois auxiliam no encaminhamento de tratamentos adequados aos pacientes e na ampliação de conhecimento científico relacionado a essa deleção.
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5
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Zhong ML, Song YM, Zou CC. 6q25.1-q25.3 Microdeletion in a Chinese Girl. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2021; 13:109-113. [PMID: 32380822 PMCID: PMC7947727 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2020.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 are rare and are characterized by great clinical variability according to the deletion breakpoint. Herein, we reported a 3-year-old girl evaluated for facial dysmorphism (long and connected eyebrows, big mouth, wide nasal bridge, high palatine arch, low set ears, and thin hair), growth retardation, intellectual disability, and language delay. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed an 8.1-Mb deletion within 6q25.1-q25.3 ([hg19] chr6: 152,307,705-160,422,834) comprising 31 genes. Dysmorphic features, microcephaly, intellectual disability, language delay, growth retardation, and corpus callosum dysgenesis were commonly reported. Hence, 6q25 microdeletion is a rare condition. In patients with dysmorphic features, microcephaly, growth retardation, intellectual disability, language delay and corpus callosum dysgenesis, 6q25 microdeletion should be considered in the differential diagnosis and chromosomal microarray analysis should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian-Ling Zhong
- Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Huzhou, China
| | - Ye-Mei Song
- Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Huzhou, China,Huzhou Center Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Huzhou, China
| | - Chao-Chun Zou
- Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Huzhou, China,* Address for Correspondence: Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Huzhou, China Phone: +86-571-87033296 E-mail:
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6
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Takase H, Hamanaka G, Ohtomo R, Park JH, Chung KK, Gelman IH, Kim KW, Lok J, Lo EH, Arai K. Roles of A-kinase Anchor Protein 12 in Astrocyte and Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell in Postnatal Corpus Callosum. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1446-1455. [PMID: 33492625 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the corpus callosum in the postnatal period is crucial for normal neurological function, and clinical genetic studies have identified an association of 6q24-25 microdeletion in this process. However, the mechanisms underlying corpus callosum formation and its critical gene(s) are not fully understood or identified. In this study, we examined the roles of AKAP12 in postnatal corpus callosum formation by focusing on the development of glial cells, because AKAP12 is coded on 6q25.1 and has recently been shown to play roles in the regulations of glial function. In mice, the levels of AKAP12 expression was confirmed to be larger in the corpus callosum compared to the cortex, and AKAP12 levels decreased with age both in the corpus callosum and cortex regions. In addition, astrocytes expressed AKAP12 in the corpus callosum after birth, but oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), another major type of glial cell in the developing corpus callosum, did not. Furthermore, compared to wild types, Akap12 knockout mice showed smaller numbers of both astrocytes and OPCs, along with slower development of corpus callosum after birth. These findings suggest that AKAP12 signaling may be required for postnatal glial formation in the corpus callosum through cell- and non-cell autonomous mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takase
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ryo Ohtomo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kelly K Chung
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA. .,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, MGH East, 149-2401, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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7
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A novel variant in MAP3K7 associated with an expanded cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome phenotype. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2020; 6:mcs.a005207. [PMID: 32299812 PMCID: PMC7304360 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a005207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) encoded by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7) is widely expressed and participates in multiple molecular and cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Pathogenic variants in MAP3K7 have recently been associated with two disorders: cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCFS) and frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2 (FMD2). To date, all small in-frame deletions and splice variants in MAP3K7 have been associated with CSCFS, whereas missense variants have been reported in both CSCFS and FMD2. Here, we present a patient with a novel heterozygous likely pathogenic variant, c.125_127del, p.(Val42del), in MAP3K7, only the sixth variant associated with CSCFS to be described in the literature. Although this patient has a phenotype that is most consistent with that of CSCFS, including valvular heart disease, short stature, fusions of the spine and bones of the hands and feet, and certain facial dysmorphisms, he interestingly has some features reported previously in FMD2 but not CSCFS. These include flexion contractures of the elbow and widely spaced first and second toes, highlighting new points of overlap between these two syndromes. We additionally point out features in the patient presented here that are rare but recurrent among CSCFS patients previously reported in the literature, as well as a new distinctive cutaneous finding not previously reported.
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8
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Geets E, Meuwissen MEC, Van Hul W. Clinical, molecular genetics and therapeutic aspects of syndromic obesity. Clin Genet 2018; 95:23-40. [PMID: 29700824 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide. To date, more than 25 different syndromic forms of obesity are known in which one (monogenic) or multiple (polygenic) genes are involved. This review gives an overview of these forms and focuses more in detail on 6 syndromes: Prader Willi Syndrome and Prader Willi like phenotype, Bardet Biedl Syndrome, Alström Syndrome, Wilms tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformations and mental Retardation syndrome and 16p11.2 (micro)deletions. Years of research provided plenty of information on the molecular genetics of these disorders and the obesity phenotype leading to a more individualized treatment of the symptoms, however, many questions still remain unanswered. As these obesity syndromes have different signs and symptoms in common, it makes it difficult to accurately diagnose patients which may result in inappropriate treatment of the disease. Therefore, the big challenge for clinicians and scientists is to more clearly differentiate all syndromic forms of obesity to provide conclusive genetic explanations and eventually deliver accurate genetic counseling and treatment. In addition, further delineation of the (functions of the) underlying genes with the use of array- or next-generation sequencing-based technology will be helpful to unravel the mechanisms of energy metabolism in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Geets
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M E C Meuwissen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - W Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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9
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Candelo E, Feinstein MM, Ramirez-Montaño D, Gomez JF, Pachajoa H. First Case Report of Prader-Willi-Like Syndrome in Colombia. Front Genet 2018; 9:98. [PMID: 29619043 PMCID: PMC5871659 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prader-Willi-like syndrome (PWLS) is believed to be caused by a variety of disruptions in genetic pathways both inside and outside of the genetic region implicated in PWS. By definition, PWLS does not demonstrate mutations in the 15q11-q13 region itself. It is a rare disorder whose clinical hallmarks include hypotonia, obesity, short extremities, and delayed development. This syndrome has been described in patients with 1p, 2p, 3p, 6q, and 9q chromosome abnormalities and in cases with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 and fragile X syndrome. Case presentation: In the present report, we describe a 9-year-old Colombian patient who demonstrated features of PWS and was ultimately diagnosed with PWLS after genetic analysis revealed a 14.97 Mb deletion of 6q16.1-q21. Conclusions: This is the first reported case of PWLS in Colombia and represents one of the largest documented 6q21 deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max M Feinstein
- Health School, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Juan F Gomez
- Paediatric Neurology, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Harry Pachajoa
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.,Genetics Department, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
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10
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Morlino S, Castori M, Dordoni C, Cinquina V, Santoro G, Grammatico P, Venturini M, Colombi M, Ritelli M. A novel MAP3K7 splice mutation causes cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome with features of hereditary connective tissue disorder. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:582-586. [PMID: 29467388 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous variants in MAP3K7, encoding the transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), are associated with the ultrarare cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCFS). Specific gain-of-function variants in the same gene cause the allelic frontometaphyseal dysplasia type 2. Phenotypic series of frontometaphyseal dysplasia also comprise variants in FLNA (type 1) and two patients with a heterozygous variant in TAB2 (type 3). We report on a 7-year-old girl with CSCFS due to the novel heterozygous c.737-7A>G variant in MAP3K7. The identified variant generates a new splice acceptor site causing an in-frame insertion of 2 amino acid residues (p.Asn245_Gly246insValVal), as demonstrated by RNA study. The patient was originally ascertained for a presumed hereditary connective tissue disorder due to soft/dystrophic skin, extreme joint hypermobility, polyvalvular heart disease, and upper gastrointestinal dismotility. Our study confirms locus homogeneity for CSCFS, expands the mutational spectrum of MAP3K7, and adds data on the existence of a community of connective tissue disorders caused by abnormalities of the TAK1-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Morlino
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy.
| | - Chiara Dordoni
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cinquina
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Graziano Santoro
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Venturini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
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11
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Geets E, Aerts E, Verrijken A, Van Hoorenbeeck K, Verhulst S, Van Gaal L, Van Hul W. DNA sequencing and copy number variation analysis of MCHR2 in a cohort of Prader Willi like (PWL) patients. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 12:158-166. [PMID: 29066024 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a syndromic form of obesity caused by a chromosomal aberration on chromosome 15q11.2-q13. Patients with a comparable phenotype to PWS not carrying the 15q11.2-q13 defect are classified as Prader Willi like (PWL). In literature, PWL patients do frequently harbor deletions at 6q16, which led to the identification of the single-minded 1 (SIM1) gene as a possible cause for the presence of obesity in these patients. However, our previous work in a PWL cohort showed a rather limited involvement of SIM1 in the obesity phenotype. In this paper, we investigated the causal role of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 (MCHR2) gene in PWL patients, as most of the reported 6q16 deletions also encompass this gene and it is suggested to be active in the control of feeding behavior and energy metabolism. METHODS Copy number variation analysis of the MCHR2 genomic region followed by mutation analysis of MCHR2 was performed in a PWL cohort. RESULTS Genome-wide microarray analysis of 109 patients with PWL did not show any gene harboring deletions on chromosome 6q16. Mutation analysis in 92 patients with PWL demonstrated three MCHR2 variants: p.T47A (c.139A>G), p.A76A (c.228T>C) and c.*16A>G. We identified a significantly higher prevalence of the c.228T>C C allele in our PWL cohort compared to previously published results and controls of the ExAC Database. CONCLUSION Overall, our results are in line with some previously performed studies suggesting that MCHR2 is not a major contributor to human obesity and the PWL phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Geets
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evi Aerts
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Stijn Verhulst
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
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12
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Donahue ML, Rohena LO. Rare presentation of 6q16.3 microdeletion syndrome with severe upper limb reduction defects and duodenal atresia. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:905-914. [PMID: 28588837 PMCID: PMC5457987 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a patient with a 17.31 MB interstitial deletion of 6q16.3‐6q22.31, who demonstrates a unique constellation of 6q‐ features. Among 6q‐ patients, he has limb reduction among the most severe reported, he is the second patient with duodenal atresia, and is the first documented case of diaphragmatic eventration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Donahue
- Department of Pediatrics; San Antonio Military Medical Center; San Antonio Texas
| | - Luis O. Rohena
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; San Antonio Military Medical Center; San Antonio Texas
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio Texas
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13
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Le Goff C, Rogers C, Le Goff W, Pinto G, Bonnet D, Chrabieh M, Alibeu O, Nistchke P, Munnich A, Picard C, Cormier-Daire V. Heterozygous Mutations in MAP3K7, Encoding TGF-β-Activated Kinase 1, Cause Cardiospondylocarpofacial Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:407-13. [PMID: 27426734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiospondylocarpofacial (CSCF) syndrome is characterized by growth retardation, dysmorphic facial features, brachydactyly with carpal-tarsal fusion and extensive posterior cervical vertebral synostosis, cardiac septal defects with valve dysplasia, and deafness with inner ear malformations. Whole-exome sequencing identified heterozygous MAP3K7 mutations in six distinct CSCF-affected individuals from four families and ranging in age from 5 to 37 years. MAP3K7 encodes transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which is involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-p38 signaling pathway. MAPK-p38 signaling was markedly altered when expression of non-canonical TGF-β-driven target genes was impaired. These findings support the loss of transcriptional control of the TGF-β-MAPK-p38 pathway in fibroblasts obtained from affected individuals. Surprisingly, although TAK1 is located at the crossroad of inflammation, immunity, and cancer, this study reports MAP3K7 mutations in a developmental disorder affecting mainly cartilage, bone, and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Le Goff
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Curtis Rogers
- Greenwood Genetic Center Greenville Office, 14 Edgewood Drive, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, INSERM, ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (UMR_S1166), Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis Team, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Graziella Pinto
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetes, Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maya Chrabieh
- Necker Branch, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Alibeu
- Genomic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nistchke
- Bioinformatic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Necker Branch, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology-Rheumatology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.
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14
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Wade E, Daniel P, Jenkins Z, McInerney-Leo A, Leo P, Morgan T, Addor M, Adès L, Bertola D, Bohring A, Carter E, Cho TJ, Duba HC, Fletcher E, Kim C, Krakow D, Morava E, Neuhann T, Superti-Furga A, Veenstra-Knol I, Wieczorek D, Wilson L, Hennekam R, Sutherland-Smith A, Strom T, Wilkie A, Brown M, Duncan E, Markie D, Robertson S. Mutations in MAP3K7 that Alter the Activity of the TAK1 Signaling Complex Cause Frontometaphyseal Dysplasia. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:392-406. [PMID: 27426733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontometaphyseal dysplasia (FMD) is a progressive sclerosing skeletal dysplasia affecting the long bones and skull. The cause of FMD in some individuals is gain-of-function mutations in FLNA, although how these mutations result in a hyperostotic phenotype remains unknown. Approximately one half of individuals with FMD have no identified mutation in FLNA and are phenotypically very similar to individuals with FLNA mutations, except for an increased tendency to form keloid scars. Using whole-exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing in 19 FMD-affected individuals with no identifiable FLNA mutation, we identified mutations in two genes-MAP3K7, encoding transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-activated kinase (TAK1), and TAB2, encoding TAK1-associated binding protein 2 (TAB2). Four mutations were found in MAP3K7, including one highly recurrent (n = 15) de novo mutation (c.1454C>T [ p.Pro485Leu]) proximal to the coiled-coil domain of TAK1 and three missense mutations affecting the kinase domain (c.208G>C [p.Glu70Gln], c.299T>A [p.Val100Glu], and c.502G>C [p.Gly168Arg]). Notably, the subjects with the latter three mutations had a milder FMD phenotype. An additional de novo mutation was found in TAB2 (c.1705G>A, p.Glu569Lys). The recurrent mutation does not destabilize TAK1, or impair its ability to homodimerize or bind TAB2, but it does increase TAK1 autophosphorylation and alter the activity of more than one signaling pathway regulated by the TAK1 kinase complex. These findings show that dysregulation of the TAK1 complex produces a close phenocopy of FMD caused by FLNA mutations. Furthermore, they suggest that the pathogenesis of some of the filaminopathies caused by FLNA mutations might be mediated by misregulation of signaling coordinated through the TAK1 signaling complex.
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15
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Rasmussen M, Vestergaard EM, Graakjaer J, Petkov Y, Bache I, Fagerberg C, Kibaek M, Svaneby D, Petersen OB, Brasch-Andersen C, Sunde L. 17q12 deletion and duplication syndrome in Denmark-A clinical cohort of 38 patients and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2934-2942. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby Denmark
| | | | | | - Yanko Petkov
- Department of Pediatrics; Esbjerg Hospital; Denmark
| | - Iben Bache
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Rigshospitalet; Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | | | - Maria Kibaek
- Department of Pediatrics; Odense University Hospital; Denmark
| | - Dea Svaneby
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Vejle Hospital; Denmark
| | - Olav Bjørn Petersen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby Denmark
| | | | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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16
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Milani D, Cagnoli GA, Baccarin M, Alfei E, Guerneri S, Esposito S. Insights into 6q21-q22: Refinement of the critical region for acro-cardio-facial syndrome. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2016; 56:187-189. [PMID: 27038333 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Deletions on chromosome 6q are rarely reported in the literature, and genotype-phenotype correlations are poorly understood. We report a child with a deletion of the 6q21-q22 chromosomal region, providing some intriguing results about the correlation between this region and acro-cardio-facial syndrome, congenital heart disease, split hand and foot malformation, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Anna Cagnoli
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Baccarin
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Alfei
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Guerneri
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Shukla A, Hebbar M, Harms FL, Kadavigere R, Girisha KM, Kutsche K. Phenotypic variability in patients with interstitial 6q21-q22 microdeletion and Acro-Cardio-Facial syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2998-3003. [PMID: 27191798 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Deletions of 6q are known to be associated with variable clinical phenotypes including facial dysmorphism, hand malformations, heart defects, microcephaly, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and other neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions. Here, we report a 7-year-old boy evaluated for facial dysmorphism, trigonocephaly, microcephaly, global developmental delay, and behavioral abnormalities. Molecular karyotyping revealed a 13-Mb deletion within 6q21-q22.31, (chr6:105,771,520-119,130,805; hg19, GRch37) comprising 81 genes. Review of 15 cases with interstitial 6q21-q22.3 deletion from the literature showed that facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and corpus callosum abnormalities are the most consistent clinical features in these individuals. Deleted genes and breakpoints in the 6q21-q22 region of the patient reported here are similar to two earlier reported cases with the clinical diagnosis of Acro-Cardio-Facial syndrome. However, the present case lacks characteristic clinical findings of Acro-Cardio-Facial syndrome. We discuss, the considerable phenotypic variability seen in individuals with 6q21-q22 microdeletion and emphasize the need for further scrutiny into the hypothesis of Acro-Cardio-Facial syndrome being a microdeletion syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Malavika Hebbar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rajagopal Kadavigere
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Duarte C, Farinha RR, Santos AR, Dias P, Sousa AB, Pereira AM. Description of a child with a 6q14.1-q16.1 interstitial deletion: A very rare entity with airway manifestations. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 84:147-50. [PMID: 27063771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrícia Dias
- Genetic Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Genetic Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
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19
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Geets E, Zegers D, Beckers S, Verrijken A, Massa G, Van Hoorenbeeck K, Verhulst S, Van Gaal L, Van Hul W. Copy number variation (CNV) analysis and mutation analysis of the 6q14.1-6q16.3 genes SIM1 and MRAP2 in Prader Willi like patients. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:383-8. [PMID: 26795956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), caused by a paternal defect on 15q11.2-q13, is the most common form of syndromic obesity. However, patients clinically diagnosed with PWS do not always show this defect on chromosome 15q and are therefore molecularly categorized as Prader Willi like (PWL). Deletions at 6q14.1-q16.3 encompassing MRAP2 and SIM1 were reported in some individuals with a PWL phenotype. In addition, a few mutations in SIM1 and MRAP2 were also previously identified in cohorts of obese individuals. Therefore, we decided to perform copy number variation analysis of the 6q14.1-6q16.3 region followed by mutation analysis of SIM1 and MRAP2 in a PWL cohort. METHODS A genome-wide microarray analysis was performed in a group of 109 PWL patients. Next, we screened 94 PWL patients for mutations in SIM1 and MRAP2 using high-resolution melting curve analysis and Sanger sequencing. Additionally, 363 obese children and adolescents were screened for mutations in MRAP2. RESULTS No gene harboring deletions were identified at the 6q14.1-q16.3 region in the 109 PWL patients. SIM1 mutation analysis resulted in the identification of one very rare nonsynonymous variant p.P352S (rs3734354). Another rare nonsynonymous variant, p.A40S, was detected in the MRAP2 gene. No variants were identified in the 363 obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to literature reports, no gene harboring deletions were identified in the SIM1 and MRAP2 regions in our PWL cohort. Secondly, taking into account their very low minor allele frequencies in public sequencing databases and the results of in silico prediction programs, further functional analysis of p.P352S found in SIM1 and p.A40S found in MRAP2 is useful. This would provide further support for a possible role of SIM1 and MRAP2 in the pathogenesis of the PWL phenotype albeit in a limited number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Geets
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Doreen Zegers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigri Beckers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Massa
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Stijn Verhulst
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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20
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Ronzoni L, Tagliaferri F, Tucci A, Baccarin M, Esposito S, Milani D. Interstitial 6q25 microdeletion syndrome: ARID1B is the key gene. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:1257-61. [PMID: 26754677 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 are rare. Clinically, these deletions are considered to be part of a unique microdeletion syndrome associated with intellectual disability and speech impairment, typical dysmorphic features, structural anomalies of the brain, microcephaly, and non-specific multiple organ anomalies. The critical region for the interstitial 6q microdeletion phenotype was mapped to 6q24-6q25, particularly the 6q25.3 region containing the genes ARID1B and ZDHHC14. It has been hypothesized that haploinsufficiency of these genes impairs normal development of the brain and is responsible for the phenotype. This case report describes a girl presenting with typical features of 6q microdeletion syndrome, including global developmental delay, speech impairment, distinct dysmorphic features, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, common limb anomalies, and hearing loss. Chromosome analysis by array-CGH revealed a small interstitial 6q deletion spanning approximately 1.1 Mb of DNA and containing only one coding gene, ARID1B. We suggest that ARID1B is the key gene behind 6q microdeletion syndrome, and we discuss its possible role in the phenotypic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ronzoni
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Tagliaferri
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Tucci
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Baccarin
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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21
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Stagi S, Lapi E, Pantaleo M, Carella M, Petracca A, De Crescenzo A, Zelante L, Riccio A, de Martino M. A new case of de novo 6q24.2-q25.2 deletion on paternal chromosome 6 with growth hormone deficiency: a twelve-year follow-up and literature review. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:69. [PMID: 26297663 PMCID: PMC4593197 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Deletions on the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 6 are relatively uncommon, and only a small number occurs in the paternal copy, causing growth abnormalities. As a result, extensive clinical descriptions are lacking. Case presentation We describe a male of Italian descent born at 35 weeks by elective caesarean delivery presenting hypoplastic left colon, bilateral inguinal hernia, dysplastic tricuspid and pulmonary valves, premature ventricular contractions, recurrent otitis media, poor feeding, gastro-oesophageal reflux, bilateral pseudopapilledema, and astigmatism. He also showed particular facial dysmorphisms and postnatal growth failure. Early psychomotor development was mildly delayed. At 3.75 years, he was evaluated for severe short stature (−2.98 SD) and delayed bone age. He showed an insulin-like growth factor 1 concentration (IGF-1) in the low-normal range. Growth hormone stimulation tests showed a low response to clonidine and insulin. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hypophyseal hypoplasia. Genetic evaluation by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism arrays showed a de novo 6q24.2-q25.2 deletion on paternal chromosome 6. Conclusion We confirm that this is a new congenital malformation syndrome associated with a deletion of 6q24.2-q25.2 on paternal chromosome 6. We suggest evaluating the growth hormone axis in children with 6q24.2-q25.2 deletions and growth failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stagi
- Endocrine Paediatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Lapi
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marilena Pantaleo
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Petracca
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Leopoldo Zelante
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental Science, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Maurizio de Martino
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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22
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Tassano E, Mirabelli-Badenier M, Veneselli E, Puliti A, Lerone M, Vaccari CM, Morana G, Porta S, Gimelli G, Cuoco C. Clinical and molecular characterization of a patient with interstitial 6q21q22.1 deletion. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:31. [PMID: 26052347 PMCID: PMC4457201 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial 6q deletions, involving the 6q15q25 chromosomal region, are rare events characterized by variable phenotypes and no clear karyotype/phenotype correlation has been determined yet. Results We present a child with a 6q21q22.1 deletion, characterized by array-CGH, associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms, skeletal, muscle, and brain anomalies. Discussion In our patient, the 6q21q22.1 deleted region contains ten genes (TRAF3IP2, FYN, WISP3, TUBE1, LAMA4, MARCKS, HDAC2, HS3ST5, FRK, COL10A1) and two desert gene regions. We discuss here if these genes had some role in determining the phenotype of our patient in order to establish a possible karyotype/phenotype correlation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-015-0134-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tassano
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, L.goG.Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Marisol Mirabelli-Badenier
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edvige Veneselli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation Ophthalmology Genetics Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy ; U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Maria Vaccari
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation Ophthalmology Genetics Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Pediatric Neuroradiology Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Porta
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, L.goG.Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gimelli
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, L.goG.Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Cuoco
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, L.goG.Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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23
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Incomplete penetrance and phenotypic variability of 6q16 deletions including SIM1. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:1010-8. [PMID: 25351778 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
6q16 deletions have been described in patients with a Prader-Willi-like (PWS-like) phenotype. Recent studies have shown that certain rare single-minded 1 (SIM1) loss-of-function variants were associated with a high intra-familial risk for obesity with or without features of PWS-like syndrome. Although SIM1 seems to have a key role in the phenotype of patients carrying 6q16 deletions, some data support a contribution of other genes, such as GRIK2, to explain associated behavioural problems. We describe 15 new patients in whom de novo 6q16 deletions were characterised by comparative genomic hybridisation or single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis, including the first patient with fetopathological data. This fetus showed dysmorphic facial features, cerebellar and cerebral migration defects with neuronal heterotopias, and fusion of brain nuclei. The size of the deletion in the 14 living patients ranged from 1.73 to 7.84 Mb, and the fetus had the largest deletion (14 Mb). Genotype-phenotype correlations confirmed the major role for SIM1 haploinsufficiency in obesity and the PWS-like phenotype. Nevertheless, only 8 of 13 patients with SIM1 deletion exhibited obesity, in agreement with incomplete penetrance of SIM1 haploinsufficiency. This study in the largest series reported to date confirms that the PWS-like phenotype is strongly linked to 6q16.2q16.3 deletions and varies considerably in its clinical expression. The possible involvement of other genes in the 6q16.2q16.3-deletion phenotype is discussed.
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Dworschak GC, Draaken M, Hilger AC, Schramm C, Bartels E, Schmiedeke E, Grasshoff-Derr S, Märzheuser S, Holland-Cunz S, Lacher M, Jenetzky E, Zwink N, Schmidt D, Nöthen MM, Ludwig M, Reutter H. Genome-wide mapping of copy number variations in patients with both anorectal malformations and central nervous system abnormalities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 103:235-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Draaken
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Alina C. Hilger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | | | - Enrika Bartels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Eberhard Schmiedeke
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health; Hospital Bremen-Mitte Bremen Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Märzheuser
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Hospital Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Children's University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Martin Lacher
- Center of Pediatric Surgery Hannover; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Ekkehart Jenetzky
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Johannes-Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Nadine Zwink
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Dominik Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Hospital Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Neonatology; Children's Hospital, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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25
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Uwineza A, Caberg JH, Hitayezu J, Hellin AC, Jamar M, Dideberg V, Rusingiza EK, Bours V, Mutesa L. Array-CGH analysis in Rwandan patients presenting development delay/intellectual disability with multiple congenital anomalies. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:79. [PMID: 25016475 PMCID: PMC4123504 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Array-CGH is considered as the first-tier investigation used to identify copy number variations. Right now, there is no available data about the genetic etiology of patients with development delay/intellectual disability and congenital malformation in East Africa. Methods Array comparative genomic hybridization was performed in 50 Rwandan patients with development delay/intellectual disability and multiple congenital abnormalities, using the Agilent’s 180 K microarray platform. Results Fourteen patients (28%) had a global development delay whereas 36 (72%) patients presented intellectual disability. All patients presented multiple congenital abnormalities. Clinically significant copy number variations were found in 13 patients (26%). Size of CNVs ranged from 0,9 Mb to 34 Mb. Six patients had CNVs associated with known syndromes, whereas 7 patients presented rare genomic imbalances. Conclusion This study showed that CNVs are present in African population and show the importance to implement genetic testing in East-African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leon Mutesa
- Center for Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda.
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Izumi K, Housam R, Kapadia C, Stallings VA, Medne L, Shaikh TH, Kublaoui BM, Zackai EH, Grimberg A. Endocrine phenotype of 6q16.1-q21 deletion involving SIM1
and Prader-Willi syndrome-like features. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:3137-43. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Housam
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Chirag Kapadia
- Division of Endocrinology; Phoenix Children's Hospital; Phoenix Arizona
| | - Virginia A. Stallings
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Neurology; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Tamim H. Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado
| | - Bassil M. Kublaoui
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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27
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Vignoli A, Scornavacca GF, Peron A, La Briola F, Canevini MP. Interstitial 6q microdeletion syndrome and epilepsy: A new patient and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2009-15. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Vignoli
- Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - Giulia Federica Scornavacca
- Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - Angela Peron
- Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - Francesca La Briola
- Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
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28
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Toschi B, Valetto A, Bertini V, Congregati C, Cantinotti M, Assanta N, Simi P. Acro-cardio-facial syndrome: a microdeletion syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1994-9. [PMID: 22740423 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acro-cardio-facial syndrome (ACFS) is an infrequently reported, variable condition characterized by split-hand and split-foot malformation and congenital heart defect (CHD), along with cleft lip and palate, genital anomalies, unusual face and intellectual disability. An autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance has been suggested because of affected sibs born to unaffected parents and parental consanguinity; the cause is unknown. We describe a newborn with the clinical manifestations of ACFS in whom a deletion of the region 6q21-q22.3 was detected by array CGH. We compare the clinical features of the present patient with earlier reported patients with similar 6q deletions and patients diagnosed with ACFS. The similarities between these patient groups suggest that ACFS may be a microdeletion syndrome caused by loss of the 6q21-22.3 region. The recurrence in families may be explained by prenatal germline mosaicism. Alternatively, ACFS may be a genetically heterogeneous disorder which can also be caused by biallelic mutations of an autosomal recessive gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Toschi
- U.O. Laboratorio Genetica Medica, Santa Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Genotype–phenotype correlation in interstitial 6q deletions: a report of 12 new cases. Neurogenetics 2012; 13:31-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-011-0306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Vlckova M, Trkova M, Zemanova Z, Hancarova M, Novotna D, Raskova D, Puchmajerova A, Drabova J, Zmitkova Z, Tan Y, Sedlacek Z. Mechanism and genotype-phenotype correlation of two proximal 6q deletions characterized using mBAND, FISH, array CGH, and DNA sequencing. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 136:15-20. [PMID: 22156400 DOI: 10.1159/000334709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal 6q deletions have a milder phenotype than middle and distal 6q deletions. We describe 2 patients with non-overlapping deletions of about 15 and 19 Mb, respectively, which subdivide the proximal 6q region into 2 parts. The aberrations were identified using karyotyping and analysed using mBAND and array CGH. The unaffected mother of the first patient carried a mosaic karyotype with the deletion in all metaphases analysed and a small supernumerary marker formed by the deleted material in about 77% of cells. Her chromosome 6 centromeric signal was split between the deleted chromosome and the marker, suggesting that this deletion arose through the centromere fission mechanism. In this family the location of the proximal breakpoint in the centromere prevented cloning of the deletion junction, but the junction of the more distal deletion in the second patient was cloned and sequenced. This analysis showed that the latter aberration was most likely caused by non-homologous end joining. The second patient also had a remarkably more severe phenotype which could indicate a partial overlap of his deletion with the middle 6q interval. The phenotypes of both patients could be partly correlated with the gene content of their deletions and with phenotypes of other published patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vlckova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Wentzel C, Lynch SA, Stattin EL, Sharkey FH, Annerén G, Thuresson AC. Interstitial Deletions at 6q14.1-q15 Associated with Obesity, Developmental Delay and a Distinct Clinical Phenotype. Mol Syndromol 2010; 1:75-81. [PMID: 21045960 DOI: 10.1159/000314025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 have been described in several patients with obesity and a Prader-Willi-like phenotype. Haploinsufficiency of the SIM1 gene located at 6q16.3 is suggested as being responsible for the regulation of body weight. Here we report on 2 patients with interstitial deletions at 6q14.1-q15 presenting with obesity and symptoms strikingly similar to those reported for deletions involving the SIM1 gene despite not having a deletion of this gene. METHODS: Array comparative genomic hybridisation was used to diagnose 2 children with obesity and developmental delay, revealing 2 interstitial deletions at 6q14.1-q15 of 8.73 and 4.50 Mb, respectively, and a region of overlap of 4.2-Mb. RESULTS: The similar phenotype in the 2 patients was most likely due to a 4.2-Mb common microdeletion at 6q14.1-q15. Another patient has previously been described with an overlapping deletion. The 3 patients share several features, such as developmental delay, obesity, hernia, rounded face with full cheeks, epicanthal folds, short palpebral fissures, bulbous nose, large ears, and syndactyly between toes II and III. CONCLUSIONS: Together with a previously reported patient, our study suggests that the detected deletions may represent a novel clinically recognisable microdeletion syndrome caused by haploinsufficiency of dosage-sensitive genes in the 6q14.1-q15 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wentzel
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Woo KS, Kim JE, Kim KE, Kim MJ, Yoo JH, Ahn HS, Shaffer LG, Han JY. A de novo Proximal 6q Deletion Confirmed by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization. Ann Lab Med 2010; 30:84-8. [DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Sook Woo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Myo-Jing Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Jin-Yeong Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Duplan SM, Boucher F, Alexandrov L, Michaud JL. Impact of Sim1 gene dosage on the development of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 30:2239-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.07028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Traylor RN, Fan Z, Hudson B, Rosenfeld JA, Shaffer LG, Torchia BS, Ballif BC. Microdeletion of 6q16.1 encompassing EPHA7 in a child with mild neurological abnormalities and dysmorphic features: case report. Mol Cytogenet 2009; 2:17. [PMID: 19664229 PMCID: PMC2731778 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-2-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the fewer than 100 cases reported within the literature of constitutional deletions involving the long arm of chromosome 6, only five have been characterized using high-resolution microarray analysis. Reported 6q deletion patients show a high incidence of mental retardation, ear anomalies, hypotonia, and postnatal growth retardation. RESULTS We report a 16-month-old male presenting with developmental delay and dysmorphic features who was found by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to have a ~2.16 Mb de novo deletion within chromosome band 6q16.1 that encompasses only two genes. Expression studies of the mouse homologue of one of the genes, the ephrin receptor 7 gene (EPHA7), have shown the gene functions during murine embryogenesis to form cortical domains, determine brain size and shape, and play a role in development of the central nervous system (CNS). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that deletion of EPHA7 plays a role in the neurologic and dysmorphic features, including developmental delay, hypotonia, and ear malformations, observed in some 6q deletion patients.
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Wang JC, Dang L, Lomax B, Turner L, Shago M, Teebi AS, Klatt R, MacLeod PM, Yong SL, Nowaczyk MJ, Eydoux P. Molecular breakpoint mapping of 6q11-q14 interstitial deletions in seven patients. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:372-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Autistic features with speech delay in a girl with an ∼1.5-Mb deletion in 6q16.1, includingGPR63andFUT9. Clin Genet 2009; 75:199-202. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Characterization of an interstitial deletion 6q13–q14.1 in a female with mild mental retardation, language delay and minor dysmorphisms. Eur J Med Genet 2009; 52:49-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Wang JC, Turner L, Lomax B, Eydoux P. A 5-Mb microdeletion at 6q16.1-q16.3 withSIMgene deletion and obesity. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:2975-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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A 8.26Mb deletion in 6q16 and a 4.95Mb deletion in 20p12 including JAG1 and BMP2 in a patient with Alagille syndrome and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2008; 51:651-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Detailed phenotype–genotype study in five patients with chromosome 6q16 deletion: narrowing the critical region for Prader–Willi-like phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 16:1443-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Legler AA, Zlotoff BJ, Clericuzio C. Chromosome 6 abnormality with associated dysmorphological features and erythrokeratoderma. Pediatr Dermatol 2008; 25:503-4. [PMID: 18789107 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Duran-Gonzalez J, Gutierrez-Angulo M, Garcia-Cruz D, de la Luz Ayala M, Padilla M, Davalos IP. Ade novo interstitial 6q deletion in a boy with a split hand malformation. J Appl Genet 2007; 48:405-7. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03195240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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