1
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Young JI, Slifer S, Hecht JT, Blanton SH. DNA Methylation Variation Is Identified in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:656865. [PMID: 34055787 PMCID: PMC8149607 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.656865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is the most common craniofacial birth defect. The etiology of NSCLP is complex with multiple genes and environmental factors playing causal roles. Although studies have identified numerous genetic markers associated with NSCLP, the role of epigenetic variation remains relatively unexplored. Because of their identical DNA sequences, monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for NSCLP are an ideal model for examining the potential contribution of DNA methylation to non-syndromic orofacial clefting. In this study, we compared the patterns of whole genome DNA methylation in six MZ twin pairs discordant for NSCLP. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) were identified in NSCLP candidate genes, including differential methylation in MAFB and ZEB2 in two independent MZ twin pairs. In addition to DNA methylation differences in NSCLP candidate genes, we found common differential methylation in genes belonging to the Hippo signaling pathway, implicating this mechanosensory pathway in the etiology of NSCLP. The results of this novel approach using MZ twins discordant for NSCLP suggests that differential methylation is one mechanism contributing to NSCLP, meriting future studies on the role of DNA methylation in familial and sporadic NSCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Young
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Susan Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susan H. Blanton
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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2
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Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome with Single- or Multi-Locus Imprinting Disturbance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073445. [PMID: 33810554 PMCID: PMC8036922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous overgrowth disease. BWS is caused by (epi)genetic defects at the 11p15 chromosomal region, which harbors two clusters of imprinted genes, IGF2/H19 and CDKN1C/KCNQ1OT1, regulated by differential methylation of imprinting control regions, H19/IGF2:IG DMR and KCNQ1OT1:TSS DMR, respectively. A subset of BWS patients show multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID), with methylation defects extended to other imprinted genes in addition to the disease-specific locus. Specific (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations have been defined in order to help clinicians in the classification of patients and referring them to a timely diagnosis and a tailored follow-up. However, specific phenotypic correlations have not been identified among MLID patients, thus causing a debate on the usefulness of multi-locus testing in clinical diagnosis. Finally, the high incidence of BWS monozygotic twins with discordant phenotypes, the high frequency of BWS among babies conceived by assisted reproductive technologies, and the female prevalence among BWS-MLID cases provide new insights into the timing of imprint establishment during embryo development. In this review, we provide an overview on the clinical and molecular diagnosis of single- and multi-locus BWS in pre- and post-natal settings, and a comprehensive analysis of the literature in order to define possible (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations in MLID patients.
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3
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Papulino C, Chianese U, Nicoletti MM, Benedetti R, Altucci L. Preclinical and Clinical Epigenetic-Based Reconsideration of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Front Genet 2020; 11:563718. [PMID: 33101381 PMCID: PMC7522569 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has achieved a profound impact in the biomedical field, providing new experimental opportunities and innovative therapeutic strategies to face a plethora of diseases. In the rare diseases scenario, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a pediatric pathological condition characterized by a complex molecular basis, showing alterations in the expression of different growth-regulating genes. The molecular origin of BWS is associated with impairments in the genomic imprinting of two domains at the 11p15.5 chromosomal region. The first domain contains three different regions: insulin growth like factor gene (IGF2), H19, and abnormally methylated DMR1 region. The second domain consists of cell proliferation and regulating-genes such as CDKN1C gene encoding for cyclin kinase inhibitor its role is to block cell proliferation. Although most cases are sporadic, about 5-10% of BWS patients have inheritance characteristics. In the 11p15.5 region, some of the patients have maternal chromosomal rearrangements while others have Uniparental Paternal Disomy UPD(11)pat. Defects in DNA methylation cause alteration of genes and the genomic structure equilibrium leading uncontrolled cell proliferation, which is a typical tumorigenesis event. Indeed, in BWS patients an increased childhood tumor predisposition is observed. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge on BWS and focus on the impact of epigenetic alterations to an increased cancer risk development and to metabolic disorders. Moreover, we highlight the correlation between assisted reproductive technologies and this rare disease. We also discuss intriguing aspects of BWS in twinning. Epigenetic therapies in clinical trials have already demonstrated effectiveness in oncological and non-oncological diseases. In this review, we propose a potential "epigenetic-based" approaches may unveil new therapeutic options for BWS patients. Although the complexity of the syndrome is high, patients can be able to lead a normal life but tumor predispositions might impair life expectancy. In this sense epigenetic therapies should have a supporting role in order to guarantee a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Papulino
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Nicoletti
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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4
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Fontana L, Bedeschi MF, Cagnoli GA, Costanza J, Persico N, Gangi S, Porro M, Ajmone PF, Colapietro P, Santaniello C, Crippa M, Sirchia SM, Miozzo M, Tabano S. (Epi)genetic profiling of extraembryonic and postnatal tissues from female monozygotic twins discordant for Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1386. [PMID: 32627967 PMCID: PMC7507324 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth disorder caused by defects at the 11p15.5 imprinted region. Many cases of female monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for BWS have been reported, but no definitive conclusions have been drawn regarding the link between epigenetic defects, twinning process, and gender. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization and follow‐up of female MZ twins discordant for BWS. Methods Methylation pattern at 11p15.5 and multilocus methylation disturbance (MLID) profiling were performed by pyrosequencing and MassARRAY in placental/umbilical cord samples and postnatal tissues. Whole‐exome sequencing was carried out to identify MLID causative mutations. X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI) was determined by HUMARA test. Results Both twins share KCNQ1OT1:TSS‐DMR loss of methylation (LOM) and MLID in blood and the epigenetic defect remained stable in the healthy twin over time. KCNQ1OT1:TSS‐DMRLOM was nonhomogeneously distributed in placental samples and the twins showed the same severely skewed XCI pattern. No MLID‐causative mutations were identified. Conclusion This is the first report on BWS‐discordant twins with methylation analyses extended to extraembryonic tissues. The results suggest that caution is required when attempting prenatal diagnosis in similar cases. Although the causative mechanism underlying LOM remains undiscovered, the XCI pattern and mosaic LOM suggest that both twinning and LOM/MLID occurred after XCI commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia A Cagnoli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Jole Costanza
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Persico
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.,Department of ClinicalSciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvana Gangi
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Porro
- Pediatric Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola F Ajmone
- Child and AdolescentNeuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Santaniello
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Milena Crippa
- Medical Cytogenetics& Human Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia M Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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5
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Aldinger KA, Dempsey JC, Tully HM, Grout ME, Mehaffey MG, Dobyns WB, Doherty D. Rhombencephalosynapsis: Fused cerebellum, confused geneticists. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 178:432-439. [PMID: 30580482 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a unique cerebellar malformation characterized by fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres with partial or complete absence of a recognizable cerebellar vermis. Subsets of patients also have other brain malformations such as midbrain fusion with aqueductal stenosis, characteristic craniofacial features (prominent forehead, flat midface, hypertelorism, ear abnormalities), and somatic malformations (heart, kidney, spine, and limb defects). Similar to known genetic brain malformations, the RES cerebellar malformation is highly stereotyped, yet no genetic causes have been identified. Here, we outline our current understanding of the genetic basis for RES, discuss limitations, and outline future approaches to identifying the causes of this fascinating brain malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Hannah M Tully
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Megan E Grout
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dan Doherty
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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6
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Byrd AS, Dina Y, Okoh UJ, Quartey QQ, Carmona-Rivera C, Williams DW, Kerns ML, Miller RJ, Petukhova L, Naik HB, Barnes LA, Shipman WD, Caffrey JA, Sacks JM, Milner SM, Aliu O, Broderick KP, Kim D, Liu H, Dillen CA, Ahn R, Frew JW, Kaplan MJ, Kang S, Garza LA, Miller LS, Alavi A, Lowes MA, Okoye GA. Specimen Collection for Translational Studies in Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12207. [PMID: 31434914 PMCID: PMC6704132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by painful nodules, sinus tracts, and scars occurring predominantly in intertriginous regions. The prevalence of HS is currently 0.053-4%, with a predominance in African-American women and has been linked to low socioeconomic status. The majority of the reported literature is retrospective, population based, epidemiologic studies. In this regard, there is a need to establish a repository of biospecimens, which represent appropriate gender and racial demographics amongst HS patients. These efforts will diminish knowledge gaps in understanding the disease pathophysiology. Hence, we sought to outline a step-by-step protocol detailing how we established our HS biobank to facilitate the formation of other HS tissue banks. Equipping researchers with carefully detailed processes for collection of HS specimens would accelerate the accumulation of well-organized human biological material. Over time, the scientific community will have access to a broad range of HS tissue biospecimens, ultimately leading to more rigorous basic and translational research. Moreover, an improved understanding of the pathophysiology is necessary for the discovery of novel therapies for this debilitating disease. We aim to provide high impact translational research methodology for cutaneous biology research and foster multidisciplinary collaboration and advancement of our understanding of cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Byrd
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20060, USA.
| | - Y Dina
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - U J Okoh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Q Q Quartey
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - C Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - D W Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - M L Kerns
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - R J Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - L Petukhova
- Departments of Dermatology and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - H B Naik
- Program for Clinical Research, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0808, USA
| | - L A Barnes
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - W D Shipman
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - J A Caffrey
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - J M Sacks
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - S M Milner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - O Aliu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - K P Broderick
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - D Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - H Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - C A Dillen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - R Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - J W Frew
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2170, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW, 2170, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - M J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - L A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - L S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - A Alavi
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - M A Lowes
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - G A Okoye
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
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7
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Homatter C, Robillard PY, Omarjee A, Schweizer C, Boukerrou M, Cuillier F, Doray B, Randrianaivo H, Bertaut-Nativel B, Dumont C. Discordant malformations in monochorionic twins: a retrospective cohort study in La Reunion Island. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 33:4069-4075. [PMID: 30880510 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1594767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Discordant malformation between monochorionic twins is a rare and unknown phenomenon.Objectives: To estimate the incidence of discordant monochorionic twins and to describe their characteristics.Study design: A retrospective multicenter cohort of pregnancies between 2002 and 2015 in La Reunion Island was analyzed, thanks to a population-based register. Only monochorionic pregnancies were included in order to analyze specifically monozygotic twins. We defined as discordant twin pairs those in which different malformations were identified for each twin and those with only one fetus showing a malformation.Results: During the study period, 203,807 births occurred, including 410 monochorionic twin pairs. Congenital anomalies rate for monochorionic twin pairs was 10.7%. We included 38 monochorionic twin pairs with discordant phenotypes, which represent 9.3% of monochorionic twin pairs and 86.4% of monochorionic twin pairs affected by congenital anomalies. Among them, both twins were affected by different congenital anomalies in 7 pairs (18.4%), and only one twin was affected in 31 pairs (81.6%). We identified 20 congenital heart anomalies (44.4%), 5 brain anomalies (11.1%), 5 genital anomalies (11.1%), 4 axial bones and skull anomalies (8.9%), 4 limb anomalies (8.9%), 4 facial anomalies (8.9%), 3 urological anomalies (6.6%), 2 thoracic anomalies (4.4%), 1 bile duct anomaly (2,2%), 1 abdominal parietal defect (2.2%), and 1 aneuploidy (2.2%). Among them, 3 (6.6%) fetuses had an association of malformations. Among the 45 fetuses with malformations, 37 fetuses (82.2%) were born alive and 21 (46.6%) had postnatal surgery.Conclusions: Despite a supposed identical genome, discordant congenital anomalies in monochorionic twin pregnancies are not exceptional and related to genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Sonographers and pediatricians should know that in monochorionic twin a pair, the occurrence of discordant phenotypes is high (9.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Homatter
- Service de Gynécologie - Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Robillard
- Service de Réanimation Néonatale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France.,Centre d'Études Périnatales Océan Indien, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Asma Omarjee
- Service de Gynécologie - Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Chloé Schweizer
- Service de Gynécologie - Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Malik Boukerrou
- Service de Gynécologie - Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France.,Centre d'Études Périnatales Océan Indien, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Fabrice Cuillier
- Service de Gynécologie - Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Bellepierre, France
| | - Bérénice Doray
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix Guyon, Bellepierre, France.,CIC-EC Inserm CIC1410, Centre de Recherche Médicale et en Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Hanitra Randrianaivo
- Registre des malformations congénitales de l'Ile de la Réunion, REMACOR, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Coralie Dumont
- Service de Gynécologie - Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France.,Centre d'Études Périnatales Océan Indien, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud-Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
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8
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Serra G, Antona V, Schierz M, Vecchio D, Piro E, Corsello G. Esophageal atresia and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in one of the naturally conceived discordant newborn twins: first report. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:399-401. [PMID: 29445485 PMCID: PMC5799623 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report a high incidence of monozygotic twinning in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. A phenotypical discordance in monozygotic twins is rare. Twinning and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome show higher incidence in children born after assisted reproductive techniques. We report on the first observation of esophageal atresia and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome in one of the naturally conceived discordant monozygotic twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Serra
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Vincenzo Antona
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Mandy Schierz
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Ettore Piro
- Mother and Child Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
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9
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Inoue T, Nakamura A, Matsubara K, Nyuzuki H, Nagasaki K, Oka A, Fukami M, Kagami M. Continuous hypomethylation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR in monochorionic twins discordant for Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2847-2850. [PMID: 28816024 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nyuzuki
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Tan Q, Christiansen L, von Bornemann Hjelmborg J, Christensen K. Twin methodology in epigenetic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:134-9. [PMID: 25568460 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the final decades of the last century, twin studies have made a remarkable contribution to the genetics of human complex traits and diseases. With the recent rapid development in modern biotechnology of high-throughput genetic and genomic analyses, twin modelling is expanding from analysis of diseases to molecular phenotypes in functional genomics especially in epigenetics, a thriving field of research that concerns the environmental regulation of gene expression through DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA and long non-coding RNA expression, etc. The application of the twin method to molecular phenotypes offers new opportunities to study the genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) contributions to epigenetic regulation of gene activity during developmental, ageing and disease processes. Besides the classical twin model, the case co-twin design using identical twins discordant for a trait or disease is becoming a popular and powerful design for epigenome-wide association study in linking environmental exposure to differential epigenetic regulation and to disease status while controlling for individual genetic make-up. It can be expected that novel uses of twin methods in epigenetic studies are going to help with efficiently unravelling the genetic and environmental basis of epigenomics in human complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-demography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-demography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jacob von Bornemann Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-demography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-demography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
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11
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Elalaoui SC, Garin I, Sefiani A, Perez de Nanclares G. Maternal Hypomethylation of KvDMR in a Monozygotic Male Twin Pair Discordant for Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2013; 5:41-6. [PMID: 24550765 DOI: 10.1159/000356689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS; OMIM 130650) is a heterogeneous overgrowth syndrome characterized by visceromegaly, macroglossia, tumor predisposition, and other congenital abnormalities. BWS is usually associated with abnormalities of chromosome 11p15, including (epi)genetic changes, paternal disomy and point mutations. A number of identical twin pairs, mostly female, have been reported to be clinically discordant for BWS. Studies of monozygotic twins discordant for BWS provide more information about failure in the DNA methylation maintenance machinery during very early embryonic development. Here, we report a case of monozygotic male twins discordant for BWS phenotype. Methylation analysis of the 2 imprinted domains at 11p15.5 (H19DMR and KvDMR) was performed by methylation-specific MLPA and pyrosequencing of DNA extracted from peripheral blood and buccal swabs of both twins. Hypomethylation at KvDMR was identified in both cell types of the affected twin, whereas his healthy brother presented hypomethylation only in blood cells and a normal methylation profile in buccal swab. For diagnostic purposes, it is important to remember that twins can share fetal circulation and possibly share hematopoietic stem cells early in development; therefore, the affected and unaffected twins can share an epigenotype that will resemble partial hypomethylation. If a patient is a twin, it is valuable to obtain a sample from a tissue other than blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Elalaoui
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco ; Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - I Garin
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Hospital Universitario-Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gazteiz, Spain
| | - A Sefiani
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco ; Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - G Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Hospital Universitario-Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gazteiz, Spain
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12
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Kunio M, Yang C, Minakuchi Y, Ohori K, Soutome M, Hirasawa T, Kazuki Y, Adachi N, Suzuki S, Itoh M, Goto YI, Andoh T, Kurosawa H, Akamatsu W, Ohyama M, Okano H, Oshimura M, Sasaki M, Toyoda A, Kubota T. Comparison of Genomic and Epigenomic Expression in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Rett Syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66729. [PMID: 23805272 PMCID: PMC3689680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monozygotic (identical) twins have been widely used in genetic studies to determine the relative contributions of heredity and the environment in human diseases. Discordance in disease manifestation between affected monozygotic twins has been attributed to either environmental factors or different patterns of X chromosome inactivation (XCI). However, recent studies have identified genetic and epigenetic differences between monozygotic twins, thereby challenging the accepted experimental model for distinguishing the effects of nature and nurture. Here, we report the genomic and epigenomic sequences in skin fibroblasts of a discordant monozygotic twin pair with Rett syndrome, an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by autistic features, epileptic seizures, gait ataxia and stereotypical hand movements. The twins shared the same de novo mutation in exon 4 of the MECP2 gene (G269AfsX288), which was paternal in origin and occurred during spermatogenesis. The XCI patterns in the twins did not differ in lymphocytes, skin fibroblasts, and hair cells (which originate from ectoderm as does neuronal tissue). No reproducible differences were detected between the twins in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels), or copy number variations. Differences in DNA methylation between the twins were detected in fibroblasts in the upstream regions of genes involved in brain function and skeletal tissues such as Mohawk Homeobox (MKX), Brain-type Creatine Kinase (CKB), and FYN Tyrosine Kinase Protooncogene (FYN). The level of methylation in these upstream regions was inversely correlated with the level of gene expression. Thus, differences in DNA methylation patterns likely underlie the discordance in Rett phenotypes between the twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyake Kunio
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Chunshu Yang
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Yohei Minakuchi
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kenta Ohori
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Masaki Soutome
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Takae Hirasawa
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Noboru Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Seiko Suzuki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital for Mental, Nervous, and Muscular Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Andoh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital for Mental, Nervous, and Muscular Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubota
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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13
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Souren NYP, Lutsik P, Gasparoni G, Tierling S, Gries J, Riemenschneider M, Fryns JP, Derom C, Zeegers MP, Walter J. Adult monozygotic twins discordant for intra-uterine growth have indistinguishable genome-wide DNA methylation profiles. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R44. [PMID: 23706164 PMCID: PMC4054831 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-5-r44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low birth weight is associated with an increased adult metabolic disease risk. It is widely discussed that poor intra-uterine conditions could induce long-lasting epigenetic modifications, leading to systemic changes in regulation of metabolic genes. To address this, we acquire genome-wide DNA methylation profiles from saliva DNA in a unique cohort of 17 monozygotic monochorionic female twins very discordant for birth weight. We examine if adverse prenatal growth conditions experienced by the smaller co-twins lead to long-lasting DNA methylation changes. Results Overall, co-twins show very similar genome-wide DNA methylation profiles. Since observed differences are almost exclusively caused by variable cellular composition, an original marker-based adjustment strategy was developed to eliminate such variation at affected CpGs. Among adjusted and unchanged CpGs 3,153 are differentially methylated between the heavy and light co-twins at nominal significance, of which 45 show sensible absolute mean β-value differences. Deep bisulfite sequencing of eight such loci reveals that differences remain in the range of technical variation, arguing against a reproducible biological effect. Analysis of methylation in repetitive elements using methylation-dependent primer extension assays also indicates no significant intra-pair differences. Conclusions Severe intra-uterine growth differences observed within these monozygotic twins are not associated with long-lasting DNA methylation differences in cells composing saliva, detectable with up-to-date technologies. Additionally, our results indicate that uneven cell type composition can lead to spurious results and should be addressed in epigenomic studies.
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14
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Thompson TM, Sharfi D, Lee M, Yrigollen CM, Naumova OY, Grigorenko EL. Comparison of whole-genome DNA methylation patterns in whole blood, saliva, and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Behav Genet 2012; 43:168-76. [PMID: 23269419 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-012-9579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, that underlie neuropsychiatric conditions have become a promising area of research. Most commonly used DNA sources in such studies are peripheral (whole) blood (WB), saliva (SL), and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs); thus, the question of the consistency of DNA methylation patterns in those cells is of particular interest. To investigate this question we performed comparative analyses of methylation patterns in WB, SL, and LCLs derived from the same individuals, using Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip arrays. Our results showed that DNA methylation patterns in SL are relatively consistent with those in WB, whereas the patterns in LCLs are similarly distinct from both WB and SL. The results indicated that due to multiple random and directed changes in DNA methylation throughout cell culturing, LCLs are not a reliable source of DNA for epigenetic studies and should be used with caution when investigating epigenetic mechanisms underlying biological processes.
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Czyz W, Morahan JM, Ebers GC, Ramagopalan SV. Genetic, environmental and stochastic factors in monozygotic twin discordance with a focus on epigenetic differences. BMC Med 2012; 10:93. [PMID: 22898292 PMCID: PMC3566971 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic-epidemiological studies on monozygotic (MZ) twins have been used for decades to tease out the relative contributions of genes and the environment to a trait. Phenotypic discordance in MZ twins has traditionally been ascribed to non-shared environmental factors acting after birth, however recent data indicate that this explanation is far too simple. In this paper, we review other reasons for discordance, including differences in the in utero environment, genetic mosaicism, and stochastic factors, focusing particularly on epigenetic discordance. Epigenetic differences are gaining increasing recognition. Although it is clear that in specific cases epigenetic alterations provide a causal factor in disease etiology, the overall significance of epigenetics in twin discordance remains unclear. It is also challenging to determine the causality and relative contributions of environmental, genetic, and stochastic factors to epigenetic variability. Epigenomic profiling studies have recently shed more light on the dynamics of temporal methylation change and methylome heritability, yet have not given a definite answer regarding their relevance to disease, because of limitations in establishing causality. Here, we explore the subject of epigenetics as another component in human phenotypic variability and its links to disease focusing particularly on evidence from MZ twin studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Czyz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Clinical Neurology), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia M Morahan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Clinical Neurology), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George C Ebers
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Clinical Neurology), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sreeram V Ramagopalan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Clinical Neurology), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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16
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Cortessis VK, Thomas DC, Levine AJ, Breton CV, Mack TM, Siegmund KD, Haile RW, Laird PW. Environmental epigenetics: prospects for studying epigenetic mediation of exposure-response relationships. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1565-89. [PMID: 22740325 PMCID: PMC3432200 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes in epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation are associated with a broad range of disease traits, including cancer, asthma, metabolic disorders, and various reproductive conditions. It seems plausible that changes in epigenetic state may be induced by environmental exposures such as malnutrition, tobacco smoke, air pollutants, metals, organic chemicals, other sources of oxidative stress, and the microbiome, particularly if the exposure occurs during key periods of development. Thus, epigenetic changes could represent an important pathway by which environmental factors influence disease risks, both within individuals and across generations. We discuss some of the challenges in studying epigenetic mediation of pathogenesis and describe some unique opportunities for exploring these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K. Cortessis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Duncan C. Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., SSB-202F, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9234 USA
| | - A. Joan Levine
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90089-9234 USA
| | - Thomas M. Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Kimberly D. Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90089-9234 USA
| | - Robert W. Haile
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Peter W. Laird
- Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenome Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9601 USA
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Lederer D, Rack K, Boulanger S, Battisti O, Verellen-Dumoulin C. Discordant monozygotic twins for macrocephaly-capillary malformation. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1509-11. [PMID: 22585741 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lederer
- Center For Human Genetics, IPG, Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium.
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18
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Ollikainen M, Craig JM. Epigenetic discordance at imprinting control regions in twins. Epigenomics 2012; 3:295-306. [PMID: 22122339 DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinting control regions are differentially methylated in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner and this methylation state is inherited through the germline. These regions control parent-specific monoallelic expression of their target genes. Genetically identical organisms show considerable variation in their epigenomes owing to environmental and stochastic influences creating fluctuations in phenotype. Monozygotic twin pairs discordant for imprinting disorders due to epigenetic changes at imprinting control regions are an example of phenotypic variation caused by extreme variations of the epigenome. Here, we discuss the within-pair epigenetic discordance at imprinted loci, both in phenotypically concordant and discordant monozygotic twin pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miina Ollikainen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute & Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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