1
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Acosta GA, Royo M, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Facile solid-phase synthesis of head-side chain cyclothiodepsipeptides through a cyclative cleavage from MeDbz-resin. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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2
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Ziehm T, Brener O, van Groen T, Kadish I, Frenzel D, Tusche M, Kutzsche J, Reiß K, Gremer L, Nagel-Steger L, Willbold D. Increase of Positive Net Charge and Conformational Rigidity Enhances the Efficacy of d-Enantiomeric Peptides Designed to Eliminate Cytotoxic Aβ Species. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1088-96. [PMID: 27240424 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia. Until now, there is no curative therapy available. Previously, we selected the amyloid-beta (Aβ) targeting peptide D3 consisting of 12 d-enantiomeric amino acid residues by mirror image phage display as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of AD. In the current approach, we investigated the optimization potential of linear D3 with free C-terminus (D3COOH) by chemical modifications. First, the impact of the net charge was investigated and second, cyclization was introduced which is a well-known tool for the optimization of peptides for enhanced target affinity. Following this strategy, three D3 derivatives in addition to D3COOH were designed: C-terminally amidated linear D3 (D3CONH2), cyclic D3 (cD3), and cyclic D3 with an additional arginine residue (cD3r) to maintain the net charge of linear D3CONH2. These four compounds were compared to each other according to their binding affinities to Aβ(1-42), their efficacy to eliminate cytotoxic oligomers, and consequently their potency to neutralize Aβ(1-42) oligomer induced neurotoxicity. D3CONH2 and cD3r versions with equally increased net charge showed superior properties over D3COOH and cD3, respectively. The cyclic versions showed superior properties compared to their linear version with equal net charge, suggesting cD3r to be the most efficient compound among these four. Indeed, treatment of the transgenic AD mouse model Tg-SwDI with cD3r significantly enhanced spatial memory and cognition of these animals as revealed by water maze performance. Therefore, charge increase and cyclization imply suitable modification steps for an optimization approach of the Aβ targeting compound D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ziehm
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Brener
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative
Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Inga Kadish
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative
Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Daniel Frenzel
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Tusche
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Reiß
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex
Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Amso Z, Kowalczyk R, Watson M, Park YE, Callon KE, Musson DS, Cornish J, Brimble MA. Structure activity relationship study on the peptide hormone preptin, a novel bone-anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9225-9238. [PMID: 27488745 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01455k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preptin is a 34-residue pancreatic hormone shown to be anabolic to bone in vitro and in vivo. The bone activity of preptin resides within the (1-16) N-terminal fragment. Due to its peptidic nature, the truncated fragment of preptin is enzymatically unstable; however it provides an attractive framework for the creation of stable analogues using various peptidomimetic techniques. An alanine scan of preptin (1-16) was undertaken which showed that substitution of Ser at position 3 or Pro at position 14 did not inhibit the proliferative activity of preptin in primary rat osteoblasts (bone-forming cells). Importantly, Ser-3 to Ala substitution also showed a significant activity on osteoblast differentiation in vitro and increased the formation of mineralised bone matrix. Additional modifications with non-proteinogenic amino acids at position 3 improved the stability in liver microsomes, but diminished the osteoblast proliferative activity. In addition, to provide greater structural diversity, a series of macrocyclic preptin (1-16) analogues was synthesised using head-to-tail and head-to-side chain macrolactamisation as well as ring-closing metathesis. However, a detrimental effect on osteoblast activity was observed upon macrocyclisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Amso
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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4
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Martí-Centelles V, Pandey MD, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Macrocyclization Reactions: The Importance of Conformational, Configurational, and Template-Induced Preorganization. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8736-834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrituanjay D. Pandey
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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5
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Thakkar A, Trinh TB, Pei D. Global analysis of peptide cyclization efficiency. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:120-9. [PMID: 23265659 DOI: 10.1021/co300136j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are of considerable interest in drug discovery and nanotechnology. However, macrocyclization of peptides and other compounds has often been perceived as synthetically challenging and the cyclization yields are affected by several factors including the ring size, peptide sequence, and the reaction conditions. Through the screening of combinatorial peptide libraries, we analyzed the cyclization efficiency of >2 million peptide sequences to determine the effect of ring size, peptide sequence, and solvent on the backbone (N-to-C) cyclization of peptides. Our results show that on-resin cyclization of medium- and large-sized rings (cyclohexapeptides and above) with PyBOP is essentially quantitative for ≥ 99.96% of the sequences, with small amounts of dimer formation observed for <4% of these sequences. Cyclization of small rings (cyclotetrapeptides and cyclopentapeptides) is considerably more difficult and accompanied by significant cyclic dimer formation. Peptides that are difficult to cyclize are generally rich in Lys(Boc) and Arg(Pbf) residues as well as sterically hindered residues [e.g., Thr(tBu)] at the N-terminus. The majority of these difficult sequences can be cyclized to completion by the addition of aqueous additives to the cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Thakkar
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Thi Ba Trinh
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
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6
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Stawikowski M, Fields GB. Introduction to peptide synthesis. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2012; Chapter 18:18.1.1-18.1.13. [PMID: 22851497 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1801s69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of synthetic peptides are significant commercial or pharmaceutical products, ranging from the dipeptide sugar substitute aspartame to clinically used hormones such as oxytocin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and calcitonin. This unit provides an overview of the field of synthetic peptides and proteins. It discusses selecting the solid support and common coupling reagents. Additional information is provided regarding common side reactions and synthesizing modified residues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida
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7
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Abstract
A number of synthetic peptides are significant commercial or pharmaceutical products, ranging from the dipeptide sugar-substitute aspartame to clinically used hormones, such as oxytocin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and calcitonin. This unit provides an overview of the field of synthetic peptides and proteins, including their purification. It discusses selecting the solid support and common coupling reagents. Additional information is provided regarding common side reactions and synthesizing modified residues.
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8
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Malkinson JP, Zloh M, Kadom M, Errington R, Smith PJ, Searcey M. Solid-Phase Synthesis of the Cyclic Peptide Portion of Chlorofusin, an Inhibitor of p53-MDM2 Interactions. Org Lett 2003; 5:5051-4. [PMID: 14682762 DOI: 10.1021/ol0360849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first solid-phase synthesis of the chlorofusin peptide is described. The synthesis involved side-chain immobilization of N(alpha)-Fmoc-Asp-ODmab. Synthesis of the linear peptide, initially incorporating racemic Ade8 and unsubstituted ornithine in place of the chromophore-bearing residue, was followed by cyclization on resin and peptide release to give a mixture of diastereomers. Resynthesis identified (by HPLC) the second isomer as analogous to the natural product. Initial biological assays, using an immunofluorescence method, suggest that the compounds are not cytotoxic but do not inhibit the p53/mdm2 interaction. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Malkinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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9
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Horton DA, Bourne GT, Smythe ML. Exploring privileged structures: the combinatorial synthesis of cyclic peptides. Mol Divers 2003; 5:289-304. [PMID: 12549678 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021365402751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Head-to-tail cyclic peptides have been reported to bind to multiple, unrelated classes of receptor with high affinity. They may therefore be considered to be privileged structures. This review outlines the strategies by which both macrocyclic cyclic peptides and cyclic dipeptides or diketopiperazines have been synthesised in combinatorial libraries. It also briefly outlines some of the biological applications of these molecules, thereby justifying their inclusion as privileged structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Horton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Qld., Australia
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10
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Gao XM, Ye YH, Bernd M, Kutscher B. Studies on the synthesis of cyclic pentapeptides as LHRH antagonists and the factors that influence cyclization yield. J Pept Sci 2002; 8:418-30. [PMID: 12212805 DOI: 10.1002/psc.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Six cyclic pentapeptides containing two or three non-protein amino acids have been synthesized by cyclization of linear precursors in dilute solution and characterized by TLC. HPLC, NMR, melting point. specific rotation etc. A total of 72 cyclization reactions were carried out to study the factors that influence head-to-tail cyclization: linear precursor sequence, coupling reagent, residue configuration, the proportion of DMAP additive, concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. The cyclic pentapeptides will be modified by active moieties and evaluated as LHRH antagonists.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Chromatography, Thin Layer
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indicators and Reagents
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemical synthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
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11
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Horton DA, Bourne GT, Smythe ML. Exploring privileged structures: the combinatorial synthesis of cyclic peptides. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2002; 16:415-30. [PMID: 12489688 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020863921840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Head-to-tail cyclic peptides have been reported to bind to multiple, unrelated classes of receptor with high affinity. They may therefore be considered to be privileged structures. This review outlines the strategies by which both macrocyclic cyclic peptides and cyclic dipeptides or diketopiperazines have been synthesised in combinatorial libraries. It also briefly outlines some of the biological applications of these molecules, thereby justifying their inclusion as privileged structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Horton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Qld., Australia
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12
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Leprince J, Oulyadi H, Vaudry D, Masmoudi O, Gandolfo P, Patte C, Costentin J, Fauchère JL, Davoust D, Vaudry H, Tonon MC. Synthesis, conformational analysis and biological activity of cyclic analogs of the octadecaneuropeptide ODN. Design of a potent endozepine antagonist. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:6045-57. [PMID: 11732998 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The octadecaneuropeptide (ODN; QATVGDVNTDRPGLLDLK) and its C-terminal octapeptide (OP; RPGLLDLK), which exert anxiogenic activity, have been previously shown to increase intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured rat astrocytes through activation of a metabotropic receptor positively coupled to phospholipase C. It has also been found that the [d-Leu5]OP analog possesses a weak antagonistic activity. The aim of the present study was to synthesize and characterize cyclic analogs of OP and [d-Leu5]OP. On-resin homodetic backbone cyclization of OP yielded an analog, cyclo1-8 OP, which was three times more potent and 1.4-times more efficacious than OP to increase [Ca2+]i in cultured rat astrocytes. Cyclo1-8 OP also mimicked the effect of both OP and ODN on polyphosphoinositide turnover. Conversely, the cyclo1-8 [d-Leu5]OP analog was totally devoid of agonistic activity but suppressed the effect of OP and ODN on [Ca2+]i and phosphoinositide metabolism in astrocytes. The structure of these cyclic analogs has been determined by two-dimensional 1H-NMR and molecular dynamics. Cyclo1-8 OP exhibited a single conformation characterized by a gamma turn comprising residues Pro2-Leu4 and a type III beta turn encompassing residues Leu5-Lys8. Cyclo1-8 [d-Leu5]OP was present as two equimolar conformers resulting from cis/trans isomerization of the Arg-Pro peptide bond. These pharmacological and structural data should prove useful for the rational design of non peptidic ODN analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leprince
- Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les Peptides (IFRMP 23), Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS, Université de Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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13
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Feliu JX, Carbonell X, Villaverde A. Successful mimicry of a complex viral antigen by multiple peptide insertions in a carrier protein. FEBS Lett 2000; 474:87-92. [PMID: 10828457 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antigenic properties of a viral peptide from the surface of foot-and-mouth disease virus particles have been successfully mimicked by multiple insertion in solvent-exposed regions of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. By increasing the number of viral peptides per enzyme monomer, the average IC(50) of hybrid proteins in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) have decreased to values close to that presented by natural virions. Moreover, the antigenic diversity of these new recombinant enzymes when measured with different anti-virus antibodies has also been largely reduced, indicating a better presentation of the epitopes located in the viral peptide. Although bivalent antibody binding could have been favoured by multiple presentation, conformational modifications of the viral peptide, due to the presence of other insertions or a cooperative antibody binding cannot be excluded. In addition, a multidimensional antigenic analysis have grouped together the multiple-inserted proteins with the native virus, suggesting that increasing the number of insertions could be a good strategy to reproduce the antigenic properties of an immunoreactive peptide in a natural multimeric disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Feliu
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental and Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Belllaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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van Regenmortel MH. The recognition of proteins and peptides by antibodies. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY 2000; 21:85-108. [PMID: 10929883 DOI: 10.1080/01971520009349530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Di Maro D, Scarselli M, Bernini A, Cresti S, Rossolini GM, Lozzi L, Neri P, Niccolai N. On the structural stability of a small bioactive peptide of potential use in biotechnology. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1999; 16:1053-9. [PMID: 10333175 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.1999.10508314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A tridecapeptide with the sequence CCEICCNPACFGC has been synthesized to reproduce the active moiety of a heat stable enterotoxin from Vibrio cholerae. The proton NMR analysis indicates, for the active synthetic fragment, a rigid secondary structure stabilised by three disulfide bridges. Such a rigid peptide, suitably detoxified and activated, could be a good candidate to be used as a carrier for linear bioactive peptides or other functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Università di Siena, Italy
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16
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Alsina J, Rabanal F, Chiva C, Giralt E, Albericio F. Active carbonate resins: Application to the solid-phase synthesis of alcohol, carbamate and cyclic peptides. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Limal D, Briand JP, Dalbon P, Jolivet M. Solid-phase synthesis and on-resin cyclization of a disulfide bond peptide and lactam analogues corresponding to the major antigenic site of HIV gp41 protein. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 1998; 52:121-9. [PMID: 9727868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1998.tb01366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic peptide that spans the major antigenic determinant of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) glycoprotein 41 (gp41) has been synthesized according to various strategies. For immunodiagnostic applications, biotin was added at the N-terminus of the peptide and aminohexanoic acid was used as a spacer. Polymer-supported oxidations were carried out in a variety of ways with thallium (III) trifluoroacetate. The biotinylcyclic peptide was released from the support using trimethylsilyl trifluoromethane sulfonate and various scavengers. The efficacy of these different cyclization and cleavage procedures was compared. Side reactions were studied, and a simple and efficient procedure was set up to monitor peptide cyclization by mass spectrometry. In a second series of syntheses the disulfide bridge was replaced by an amide bond. For this purpose, an aspartic acid derivative and a diaminopropionic acid were introduced during the synthesis in place of the two cysteine residues in the parent sequence. On-resin cyclization was performed and led to a major side-product identified as a piperidide. This undesired base-mediated side reaction was prevented when, instead of piperidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene was used for fluorenylmethyl ester deprotection. Reactivity of these peptides with different patients' sera and with a monoclonal antibody directed against the whole gp41 was tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Limal
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR 9021 CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blackburn
- PerSeptive Biosystems, Inc., Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, USA
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19
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Bouvier M, Wiley DC. Antigenic peptides containing large PEG loops designed to extend out of the HLA-A2 binding site form stable complexes with class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:4583-8. [PMID: 8643447 PMCID: PMC39320 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.10.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of peptides bound to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by specific receptors on T cells regulates the development and activity of the cellular immune system. We have designed and synthesized de novo cyclic peptides that incorporate PEG in the ring structure for binding to class I MHC molecules. The large PEG loops are positioned to extend out of the peptide binding site, thus creating steric effects aimed at preventing the recognition of class I MHC complexes by T-cell receptors. Peptides were synthesized and cyclized on polymer support using high molecular weight symmetrical PEG dicarboxylic acids to link the side chains of lysine residues substituted at positions 4 and 8 in the sequence of the HLA-A2-restricted human T-lymphotrophic virus type I Tax peptide. Cyclic peptides promoted the in vitro folding and assembly of HLA-A2 complexes. Thermal denaturation studies using circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that these complexes are as stable as complexes formed with antigenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bouvier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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20
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21
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Camarero JA, Cairó JJ, Giralt E, Andreu D. Solution versus solid-phase cyclization strategies for large sidechain lactam-bridged peptides: a comparative study. J Pept Sci 1995; 1:241-50. [PMID: 9223002 DOI: 10.1002/psc.310010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A 22-residue peptide with a sidechain lactam bridge involving 18 residues (60-atom cycle) has been synthesized. Three different protection schemes using Fmoc/tBu/cyclohexyl, Fmoc/tBu/allyl or Boc/Bzl/ fluorenylmethyl protecting group combinations have been explored for the solid phase of the linear precursors, which have been subsequently cyclized in solution or in the solid phase. Cyclization yields in solution have been consistently better than on solid phase; however, the solid-phase strategy requires fewer purification steps and therefore global yields are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Camarero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Alsina J, Rabanal F, Giralt E, Albericio F. Solid-phase synthesis of “head-to-tail” cyclic peptides via lysine side-chain anchoring. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)88531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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van der Werf S, Briand JP, Plaué S, Burckard J, Girard M, Van Regenmortel MH. Ability of linear and cyclic peptides of neutralization antigenic site 1 of poliovirus type 1 to induce virus cross-reactive and neutralizing antibodies. RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY 1994; 145:349-59. [PMID: 7535942 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2516(07)80040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Eight peptides encompassing neutralization antigenic site 1 of poliovirus type 1 (residues 93-103 of VP1) were synthesized in linear or cyclized form and used to immunize rabbits. The resulting anti-peptide antibodies were tested for their ability to react with linear peptide 95-104, with infectious virus D-particles and heated C-particles and for their capacity to neutralize poliovirus infectivity. A good correlation was observed between the ability of different peptide antisera to immunoprecipitate D-particles and neutralize virus infectivity. The peptides that induced a neutralizing antibody response in the highest number of immunized animals contained flanking residues 104-115 in addition to the 93-103 residues of the epitope. However, a high neutralizing antibody titre was also obtained in two of ten animals immunized with peptide 93-104 cyclized via an amide bond between Asp93 and Lys103. It seems, therefore, that, at least in rabbits, the T-cell epitope recently identified in residues 103-115 of VP1 need not be present in the peptide immunogen in order to obtain poliovirus-specific neutralizing antibodies.
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Synthesis of an edothelin cyclic analogue using an original multidimensional protection scheme. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brugghe HF, Timmermans HA, Van Unen LM, Ten Hove GJ, Van de Werken G, Poolman JT, Hoogerhout P. Simultaneous multiple synthesis and selective conjugation of cyclized peptides derived from a surface loop of a meningococcal class 1 outer membrane protein. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1994; 43:166-72. [PMID: 8200735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1994.tb00518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the alpha-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl) ester of N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aspartic acid [Fmoc-Asp-ODmb], side-chain-protected resin-bound Fmoc-peptides containing an N epsilon-1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl lysyl [Lys(Dde)] residue were prepared. The C-terminal dimethoxybenzyl esters of aspartic acid were removed with 1% trifluoroacetic acid and 10% anisole in dichloromethane, followed by Fmoc-cleavage in the usual manner. The resin-bound peptides were then cyclized using 1-benzotriazolyloxy-tris-[N-pyrrolidino]phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) in the presence of N-methylmorpholine. The (dimethyldioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl groups of lysine were removed with 1% hydrazine hydrate in N,N-dimethylacetamide, and the liberated side-chain amino functions were modified by reaction with pentafluorophenyl S-acetylmercaptoacetate (SAMA-OPfp). Finally, the peptides were side-chain deprotected, with exception of the Lys(SAMA) residue, and cleaved from the solid support with trifluoroacetic acid/anisole/water, 95/2.5/2.5. Cyclic peptides comprising 7-14 amino acid residues were obtained employing this procedure. As a model conjugation, cyclo[Thr-Asn-Asn-Asn-Leu-Lys(SAMA)-Thr-Lys-Asp] was coupled with bromoacetamide. The same peptide was also coupled with a bromoacetylpeptide to give a well defined peptide/peptide conjugate. All peptides were conjugated to bromoacetylated tetanus toxoid for immunization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Brugghe
- RIVM (National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection), Uhit for Bacterial Vaccine Development, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Joisson C, Kuster F, Plaué S, Van Regenmortel MH. Antigenic analysis of bean pod mottle virus using linear and cyclized synthetic peptides. Arch Virol 1993; 128:299-317. [PMID: 7679572 DOI: 10.1007/bf01309441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The antigenic structure of the comovirus bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) was studied using synthetic peptides selected on the basis of the exposed location of certain regions of the viral protein. Three regions of domain A, four regions of domain B and two regions of domain C of BPMV coat protein were studied. Each of four regions were synthesized in the form of linear and cyclized peptides while the others were synthesized as linear peptides only. The peptides were tested for their ability to be recognized by antibodies directed against BPMV. The peptides were also used for producing rabbit antisera, which were tested for their ability to react with various BPMV antigens as well as with the linear and cyclized peptides. All the peptides were found to correspond to epitopes of BPMV coat protein. Several of the antigenic sites of BPMV located on exposed loops of the coat protein occupy positions which correspond to known epitopes in the structurally related picornaviruses. Only in some cases did cyclization sufficiently improve the level of conformational mimicry between peptides and the viral protein to allow cross-reactions between them to be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joisson
- Laboratoire d'Immunochimie, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
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Pellequer JL, Westhof E, Van Regenmortel MH. Correlation between the location of antigenic sites and the prediction of turns in proteins. Immunol Lett 1993; 36:83-99. [PMID: 7688347 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(93)90072-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed new turn scales based on the occurrence of amino acids at each of the four positions of a turn using a structural database comprised of 87 proteins. We found that the scales correctly predicted a fraction of the turn regions in proteins with approximately 80% confidence. We used the turn scales for predicting the location of antigenic sites in proteins. The method was developed with the specific aim of predicting only a few peaks for each protein (two or three). We found that it leads to a high level of accurate prediction (70% of correct prediction of known epitopes). Our method should be useful for selecting protein regions to be synthesized in order to produce anti-peptide antibodies cross-reacting with the parent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Pellequer
- UPR Structure des Macromolécules Biologiques et Mécanismes de Reconnaissance, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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Marlowe CK. Peptide cyclization on TFA labile resin using the trimethylsilyl (TMSE) ester as an orthogonal protecting group. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A novel, convenient, three-dimensional orthogonal strategy for solid-phase synthesis of cyclic peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(93)85003-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Four types of antigenic sites found in viruses are discussed: cryptotopes, neotopes, metatopes and neutralization epitopes. The role played by conformation on the specificity of viral epitopes is illustrated in the case of tobacco mosaic virus and influenza virus. It appears that mechanisms reminiscent of induced fit contribute to the recognition of viral epitopes by antibodies.
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Kieffer B, Koehl P, Lefèvre JF. Modelling the dynamics of an antigenic peptide using NMR relaxation data. Biochimie 1992; 74:815-24. [PMID: 1467341 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(92)90064-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The internal dynamics of a cyclic peptide which was designed to mimic an antigenic loop of the haemagglutinin, is studied through heteronuclear relaxation along the 13C alpha-1H alpha vectors and through homonuclear relaxation along the 1H alpha-1HN and 1H beta-1H beta' vectors. Order parameters are extracted from the longitudinal and cross-relaxation data. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed and the order parameters are calculated in different ways from the trajectories. The simulation, which is performed in vacuo, gives smaller order parameters (vector motions of larger amplitude) than the experimental results. However, the general features of the experimental order parameters are reproduced by the molecular dynamics simulation. The flexibility of the molecule can then be investigated from the results of the molecular dynamics. It shows that the mobility observed through the order parameters is due to motions in flanking regions, remote from the observed vectors.
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