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Chen R, Fan Y, Yan H, Zhou H, Zhou Z, Weng M, Huang X, Lakshmanan P, Li Y, Qiu L, Wu J. Enhanced Activity of Genes Associated With Photosynthesis, Phytohormone Metabolism and Cell Wall Synthesis Is Involved in Gibberellin-Mediated Sugarcane Internode Growth. Front Genet 2020; 11:570094. [PMID: 33193665 PMCID: PMC7655795 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.570094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Internode elongation is an important trait in sugarcane as it affects the sugarcane yield. Gibberellin (GA) is a key modulator of internode elongation in sugarcane. Understanding the gene expression features of GA-mediated internode elongation has both scientific and practical significance. This study aimed to examine the transcriptomic changes in the internode elongation of sugarcane following GA treatment. Eighteen cDNA libraries from the internode tissues on days of 0, 3, and 6 in control and GA treatment groups were sequenced and their gene expression were studied. RNA-seq analysis revealed 1,338,723,248 reads and 70,821 unigenes from elongating internodes of sugarcane. Comparative studies discovered a large number of transcripts that were differentially expressed in GA-treated samples compared to the control. Further analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the metabolic process, one-carbon compound transport, and single-organism process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotation showed significant enrichment in photosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, indicating its involvement in internode elongation. The function analysis suggested that metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormones, and cell wall components were enriched in the internodes of the GA-treated plants. The hub genes were identified, with the function of cellulose synthesis. The results of this study provide a global view of mRNA changes during sugarcane internode elongation and extend our knowledge of the GA-mediated cellular processes involved in sugarcane stem growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfa Chen
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Yegeng Fan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Haifeng Yan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Huiwen Zhou
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhou
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Mengling Weng
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Yangrui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Lihang Qiu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
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Brito C, Dinis LT, Ferreira H, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia CM. Foliar Pre-Treatment with Abscisic Acid Enhances Olive Tree Drought Adaptability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E341. [PMID: 32182702 PMCID: PMC7154903 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Water is the most widely limiting factor for plants distribution, survival and agricultural productivity, their responses to drought and recovery being critical for their success and productivity. Olea europaea L. is a well-adapted species to cyclic drought events, still at considerable expense of carbon reserves and CO2 supply. To study the role of abscisic acid (ABA) as a promoter of drought adaptability, young potted olive trees subjected to three drought-recovery cycles were pre-treated with ABA. The results demonstrated that ABA pre-treatment allowed the delay of the drought effects on stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis (An), and under severe drought, permitted the reduction of the non-stomatal limitations to An and the relative water content decline, the accumulation of compatible solutes and avoid the decline of photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins and total thiols concentrations and the accumulation of ROS. Upon rewatering, ABA-sprayed plants showed an early recovery of An. The plant ionome was also changed by the addition of ABA, with special influence on root K, N and B concentrations. The improved physiological and biochemical functions of the ABA-treated plants attenuated the drought-induced decline in biomass accumulation and potentiated root growth and whole-plant water use efficiency after successive drought-rewatering cycles. These changes are likely to be of real adaptive significance, with important implications for olive tree growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos M. Correia
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.B.); (L.-T.D.); (H.F.); (J.M.-P.)
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Zanewich KP, Rood SB. Gibberellins and Heterosis in Crops and Trees: An Integrative Review and Preliminary Study with Brassica. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020139. [PMID: 31979041 PMCID: PMC7076659 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, has contributed substantially to genetic improvements in crops and trees and its physiological basis involves multiple processes. Four associations with the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) indicate its involvement in the regulation of heterosis for shoot growth in maize, sorghum, wheat, rice, tomato and poplar. (1) Inbreds somewhat resemble GA-deficient dwarfs and are often highly responsive to exogenous GA3. (2) Levels of endogenous GAs, including the bioeffector GA1, its precursors GA19 and GA20, and/or its metabolite GA8, are higher in some fast-growing hybrids than parental genotypes. (3) Oxidative metabolism of applied [3H]GAs is more rapid in vigorous hybrids than inbreds, and (4) heterotic hybrids have displayed increased expression of GA biosynthetic genes including GA 20-oxidase and GA 3-oxidase. We further investigated Brassicarapa, an oilseed rape, by comparing two inbreds (AO533 and AO539) and their F1 hybrid. Seedling emergence was faster in the hybrid and potence ratios indicated dominance for increased leaf number, area and mass, and stem mass. Overdominance (heterosis) was displayed for root mass, leading to slight heterosis for total plant mass. Stem contents of GA19,20,1 were similar across the Brassica genotypes and increased prior to bolting; elongation was correlated with endogenous GA but heterosis for shoot growth was modest. The collective studies support a physiological role for GAs in the regulation of heterosis for shoot growth in crops and trees, and the Brassica study encourages further investigation of heterosis for root growth.
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Zhang H, Wang H, Zhu Q, Gao Y, Wang H, Zhao L, Wang Y, Xi F, Wang W, Yang Y, Lin C, Gu L. Transcriptome characterization of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) seedlings in response to exogenous gibberellin applications. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:125. [PMID: 29925317 PMCID: PMC6011363 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a well-known bamboo species of high economic value in the textile industry due to its rapid growth. Phytohormones, which are master regulators of growth and development, serve as important endogenous signals. However, the mechanisms through which phytohormones regulate growth in moso bamboo remain unknown to date. RESULTS Here, we reported that exogenous gibberellins (GA) applications resulted in a significantly increased internode length and lignin condensation. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that photosynthesis-related genes were enriched in the GA-repressed gene class, which was consistent with the decrease in leaf chlorophyll concentrations and the lower rate of photosynthesis following GA treatment. Exogenous GA applications on seedlings are relatively easy to perform, thus we used 4-week-old whole seedlings of bamboo for GA- treatment followed by high throughput sequencing. In this study, we identified 932 cis-nature antisense transcripts (cis-NATs), and 22,196 alternative splicing (AS) events in total. Among them, 42 cis-nature antisense transcripts (cis-NATs) and 442 AS events were differentially expressed upon exposure to exogenous GA3, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation might be also involved in the GA3 response. Targets of differential expression of cis-NATs included genes involved in hormone receptor, photosynthesis and cell wall biogenesis. For example, LAC4 and its corresponding cis-NATs were GA3-induced, and may be involved in the accumulation of lignin, thus affecting cell wall composition. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights illustrating how GA alters post-transcriptional regulation and will shed light on the underlying mechanism of growth modulated by GA in moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangxiao Zhang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Yubang Gao
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Liangzhen Zhao
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Feihu Xi
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Yanqiu Yang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, CA90095, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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Molecular Mechanisms Affecting Cell Wall Properties and Leaf Architecture. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Sugiura D, Kojima M, Sakakibara H. Phytohormonal Regulation of Biomass Allocation and Morphological and Physiological Traits of Leaves in Response to Environmental Changes in Polygonum cuspidatum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1189. [PMID: 27555859 PMCID: PMC4977362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants plastically change their morphological and physiological traits in response to environmental changes, which are accompanied by changes in endogenous levels of phytohormones. Although roles of phytohormones in various aspects of plant growth and development were elucidated, their importance in the regulation of biomass allocation was not fully investigated. This study aimed to determine causal relationships among changes in biomass allocation, morphological and physiological traits, and endogenous levels of phytohormones such as gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinins (CKs) in response to environmental changes in Polygonum cuspidatum. Seedlings of P. cuspidatum were grown under two light intensities, each at three nitrogen availabilities. The seedlings grown in high light intensity and high nitrogen availability (HH) were subjected to three additional treatments: Defoliating half of the leaves (Def), transferral to low nitrogen availability (LowN), or low light intensity (LowL). Biomass allocation at the whole-plant level, morphological and physiological traits of each leaf, and endogenous levels of phytohormones in each leaf and shoot apex were measured. Age-dependent changes in leaf traits were also investigated. After the treatments, endogenous levels of GAs in the shoot apex and leaves significantly increased in Def, decreased in LowN, and did not change in LowL compared with HH seedlings. Among all of the seedlings, the levels of GAs in the shoot apex and leaves were strongly correlated with biomass allocation ratio between leaves and roots. The levels of GAs in the youngest leaves were highest, while the levels of CKs were almost consistent in each leaf. The levels of CKs were positively correlated with leaf nitrogen content in each leaf, whereas the levels of GAs were negatively correlated with the total non-structural carbohydrate content in each leaf. These results support our hypothesis that GAs and CKs are key regulatory factors that control biomass allocation, leaf morphology, and photosynthesis in response to changes in environmental variables in P. cuspidatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of TokyoBunkyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
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Gururani MA, Mohanta TK, Bae H. Current Understanding of the Interplay between Phytohormones and Photosynthesis under Environmental Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19055-85. [PMID: 26287167 PMCID: PMC4581286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress accounts for huge crop losses every year across the globe. In plants, the photosynthetic machinery gets severely damaged at various levels due to adverse environmental conditions. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as a result of stress further promote the photosynthetic damage by inhibiting the repair system of photosystem II. Earlier studies have suggested that phytohormones are not only required for plant growth and development, but they also play a pivotal role in regulating plants’ responses to different abiotic stress conditions. Although, phytohormones have been studied in great detail in the past, their influence on the photosynthetic machinery under abiotic stress has not been studied. One of the major factors that limits researchers fromelucidating the precise roles of phytohormones is the highly complex nature of hormonal crosstalk in plants. Another factor that needs to be elucidated is the method used for assessing photosynthetic damage in plants that are subjected to abiotic stress. Here, we review the current understanding on the role of phytohormones in the photosynthetic machinery under various abiotic stress conditions and discuss the potential areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook 712-749, Korea.
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook 712-749, Korea.
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Sugiura D, Sawakami K, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Terashima I, Tateno M. Roles of gibberellins and cytokinins in regulation of morphological and physiological traits in Polygonum cuspidatum responding to light and nitrogen availabilities. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:397-409. [PMID: 32480684 DOI: 10.1071/fp14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the roles of gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinins (CKs) in regulation of morphological traits such as biomass allocation and leaf mass per area (LMA). Seedlings of Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. were grown under various light and N availabilities. We exogenously sprayed solutions of gibberellin (GA3), benzyl adenine (BA), uniconazole (an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) or their mixtures on the aboveground parts, and changes in morphological and physiological traits and relative growth rate (RGR) were analysed. Endogenous levels of GAs and CKs in the control plants were also quantified. The morphological traits were changed markedly by the spraying. Biomass allocation to leaves was increased by GA3 and BA, whereas it decreased by uniconazole. GA3 decreased LMA, whereas uniconazole increased it. We found close relationships among morphological and physiological traits such as photosynthetic rate and net assimilation rate, and RGR under all growth conditions. Seedlings with high levels of endogenous GAs or CKs and low levels of endogenous GAs or CKs showed morphologies similar to those sprayed with GA3 or BA, and those sprayed with uniconazole, respectively. Thus we concluded these phytohormones are involved in the regulation of biomass allocation responding to either light or N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sawakami
- Nikko Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1842 Hanaishi, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1435, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaki Tateno
- Nikko Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1842 Hanaishi, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1435, Japan
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Wang X, Han F, Yang M, Yang P, Shen S. Exploring the response of rice (Oryza sativa) leaf to gibberellins: a proteomic strategy. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 6:17. [PMID: 24280421 PMCID: PMC4883738 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gibberellins (GAs) are plant-specific hormones that play a central role in the regulation of growth and development with respect to environmental variability. Plants respond to GAs signal through various biochemical and physiological processes. To better understand the response for GA signal, we carried out a proteomic study in rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica) leaf. RESULTS Through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectroscopy analysis, we identified 61 proteins as GA-responsive. These proteins were annotated in various biological functions, such as signal transduction and cell growth/division, photosynthesis and energy metabolism, protein stability and defense. Among these, photosynthetic proteins decreased while many catabolic proteins increased. In addition, GA up-regulated a variety of cell growth/division, protein stability and defense proteins such as cell division cycle protein 48, molecular chaperones, and catalases. CONCLUSION This is the first report that cell division cycle protein 48 may be responsible for leaf expansion after leaf sensing GA signal. The results presented here provide new insight into the mechanism of rice leaf in response to GA signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
- />Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Feng Han
- />College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- />Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Pingfang Yang
- />Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Shihua Shen
- />Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
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Tholen D, Boom C, Zhu XG. Opinion: prospects for improving photosynthesis by altering leaf anatomy. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 197:92-101. [PMID: 23116676 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Engineering higher photosynthetic efficiency for greater crop yields has gained significant attention among plant biologists and breeders. To achieve this goal, manipulation of metabolic targets and canopy architectural features has been heavily emphasized. Given the substantial variations in leaf anatomical features among and within plant species, there is large potential to engineer leaf anatomy for improved photosynthetic efficiency. Here we review how different leaf anatomical features influence internal light distribution, delivery of CO(2) to Rubisco and water relations, and accordingly recommend features to engineer for increased leaf photosynthesis under different environments. More research is needed on (a) elucidating the genetic mechanisms controlling leaf anatomy, and (b) the development of a three dimensional biochemical and biophysical model of leaf photosynthesis, which can help pinpoint anatomical features required to gain a higher photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Tholen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG (Chinese Academy of Sciences-German Max Planck Society) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Stavang JA, Pettersen RI, Wendell M, Solhaug KA, Junttila O, Moe R, Olsen JE. Thermoperiodic growth control by gibberellin does not involve changes in photosynthetic or respiratory capacities in pea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:1015-29. [PMID: 20022920 PMCID: PMC2826646 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Active gibberellin (GA(1)) is an important mediator of thermoperiodic growth in pea. Plants grown under lower day than night temperature (negative DIF) elongate less and have reduced levels of GA(1) compared with plants grown at higher day than night temperature (positive DIF). By comparing the wild type (WT) and the elongated DELLA mutant la cry(s), this study has examined the effect of impaired GA signalling on thermoperiodic growth, photosynthesis, and respiration in pea. In the WT a negative DIF treatment reduced stem mass ratio and increased both root mass ratio and leaf mass ratio (dry weight of specific tissue related to total plant dry weight). Leaf, root and stem mass ratios of la cry(s) were not affected by DIF. Under negative DIF, specific leaf area (projected leaf area per unit leaf dry mass), biomass, and chlorophyll content of WT and la cry(s) plants were reduced. Young, expanding leaves of plants grown under negative DIF had reduced leaf area-based photosynthetic capacity. However, the highest photosynthetic electron transport rate was found in fully expanded leaves of WT plants grown under negative DIF. Negative DIF increased night respiration and was similar for both genotypes. It is concluded that GA signalling is not a major determinant of leaf area-based photosynthesis or respiration and that reduced dry weight of plants grown under negative DIF is caused by a GA-mediated reduction of photosynthetic stem and leaf tissue, reduced photosynthesis of young, expanding leaves, and reduced growth caused by low temperature in the photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Anders Stavang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Horticulture and Urban Greening Division, N-5781 Lofthus, Norway
| | - Rolf Inge Pettersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Micael Wendell
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Olavi Junttila
- Department of Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Roar Moe
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jorunn E. Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Poorter H, Niinemets Ü, Poorter L, Wright IJ, Villar R. Causes and consequences of variation in leaf mass per area (LMA): a meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 182:565-588. [PMID: 19434804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 990] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we analysed a wide range of literature data on the leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA). In nature, LMA varies more than 100-fold among species. Part of this variation (c. 35%) can be ascribed to differences between functional groups, with evergreen species having the highest LMA, but most of the variation is within groups or biomes. When grown in the same controlled environment, leaf succulents and woody evergreen, perennial or slow-growing species have inherently high LMA. Within most of the functional groups studied, high-LMA species show higher leaf tissue densities. However, differences between evergreen and deciduous species result from larger volumes per area (thickness). Response curves constructed from experiments under controlled conditions showed that LMA varied strongly with light, temperature and submergence, moderately with CO2 concentration and nutrient and water stress, and marginally under most other conditions. Functional groups differed in the plasticity of LMA to these gradients. The physiological regulation is still unclear, but the consequences of variation in LMA and the suite of traits interconnected with it are strong. This trait complex is an important factor determining the fitness of species in their environment and affects various ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Environmental Biology, PO Box 800.84, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu EE-51014, Estonia
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group and Resource Ecology Group, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Rafael Villar
- Área de Ecología, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, ES-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Huerta L, Forment J, Gadea J, Fagoaga C, Peña L, Pérez-Amador MA, García-Martínez JL. Gene expression analysis in citrus reveals the role of gibberellins on photosynthesis and stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:1620-33. [PMID: 18684239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of gibberellins (GA) on internode transcriptome was investigated in transgenic Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) plants overexpressing endogenous CcGA20ox1 (encoding a GA biosynthetic gene), and in non-transformed explants treated with GA(3), using a citrus cDNA microarray. Substantial modulation of gene expression was found in sense CcGA20ox plants. Extensive up-regulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon utilization, and down-regulation of those involved in protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis were shown for the first time in plants with higher GA content. Importantly, increase of net photosynthesis in attached leaves was also demonstrated. Expression of other genes belonging to functional groups not reported previously to be regulated by GA (mainly abiotic and biotic stresses, and cuticle biosynthesis), and genes involved in cell division and cell wall architecture were also differentially expressed. Culture of citrus explants for 24 h in GA(3) solution produced much lower changes in the transcriptome compared with CcGA20ox plants (1.6% versus 16%, respectively, of total genes in the microarray), suggesting that most of the changes observed in CcGA20ox plants were a consequence of a long-standing GA effect. Interestingly, genes related to abiotic and biotic stresses were similarly modulated in transgenics and GA(3)-treated explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Huerta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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Fons F, Gargadennec A, Rapior S. Culture ofPlantagospecies as bioactive components resources: a 20-year review and recent applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2008.10516109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Poorter H, van Rijn CPE, Vanhala TK, Verhoeven KJF, de Jong YEM, Stam P, Lambers H. A genetic analysis of relative growth rate and underlying components in Hordeum spontaneum. Oecologia 2004; 142:360-77. [PMID: 15655691 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Species from productive and unproductive habitats differ inherently in their relative growth rate (RGR) and a wide range of correlated quantitative traits. We investigated the genetic basis of this trait complex, and specifically assessed whether it is under the control of just one or a few genes that can act as 'master switches' by simultaneously affecting a range of traits in the complex. To address this problem, we crossed two Hordeum spontaneum lines originating from two habitats that differ in productivity. The F3 offspring, in which parental alleles are present in different combinations due to recombination and segregation, was analysed for RGR and its underlying components (leaf area ratio, unit leaf rate, photosynthesis, respiration), as well as a number of other physiological and morphological parameters. For this intra-specific comparison, we found a complex of positively and negatively correlated traits, which was quite similar to what is generally observed across species. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis showed three major and one minor QTL for RGR. Most other variables of the growth-trait complex showed fewer QTLs that were typically scattered over various locations on the genome. Thus, at least in H. spontaneum, we found no evidence for regulation of the trait complex by one or two master switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Ecophysiology, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.84, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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LAMBERS HANS, POORTER HENDRIK. Inherent Variation in Growth Rate Between Higher Plants: A Search for Physiological Causes and Ecological Consequences. ADV ECOL RES 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(03)34004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Variation in relative growth rate and its components in the annual Polygonum aviculare in relation to habitat disturbance and seed size. Oecologia 1996; 108:438-445. [PMID: 28307859 DOI: 10.1007/bf00333719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/1995] [Accepted: 05/04/1996] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lambers H, Poorter H. Inherent Variation in Growth Rate Between Higher Plants: A Search for Physiological Causes and Ecological Consequences. ADV ECOL RES 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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