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Cheng M, Zheng J, Cui K, Luo X, Yang T, Pan Z, Zhou Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Wang H, Zhang R, Yao M, Li H, He R. Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics provides a new strategy for mining key genes in response to low temperature stress in Helictotrichon virescens. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125070. [PMID: 37244338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
H. virescens is a perennial herbaceous plant with highly tolerant to cold weather, but the key genes that respond to low temperature stress still remain unclear. Hence, RNA-seq was performed using leaves of H. virescens treated at 0 °C and 25 °C for 12 h, 36 h, and 60 h, respectively, and a total of 9416 DEGs were significantly enriched into seven KEGG pathways. The LC-QTRAP platform was performed using leaves of H. virescens leaves at 0 °C and 25 °C for 12 h, 36 h, and 60 h, respectively, and a total of 1075 metabolites were detected, which were divided into 10 categories. Additionally, 18 major metabolites, two key pathways, and six key genes were mined using a multi-omics analytical strategy. The RT-PCR results showed that with the extension of treatment time, the expression levels of key genes in the treatment group gradually increased, and the difference between the treatment group and the control group was extremely significant. Notably, the functional verification results showed that the key genes positively regulated cold tolerance of H. virescens. These results can lay a foundation for the in-depth analysis of the mechanism of response of perennial herbs to low temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Cheng
- Institute of Qinghai-tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Sichuan ZoigeAlpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observationand Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjun Zheng
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kuoshu Cui
- Sichuan ZoigeAlpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observationand Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zeyang Pan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shiyong Chen
- Sichuan ZoigeAlpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observationand Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youjun Chen
- Institute of Qinghai-tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Sichuan ZoigeAlpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observationand Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Qinghai-tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Sichuan ZoigeAlpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observationand Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruizhen Zhang
- Sichuan ZoigeAlpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observationand Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingjiu Yao
- Sichuan ZoigeAlpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observationand Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- Sichuan ZoigeAlpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observationand Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruyu He
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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2
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Ahmad I, Song X, Hussein Ibrahim ME, Jamal Y, Younas MU, Zhu G, Zhou G, Adam Ali AY. The role of melatonin in plant growth and metabolism, and its interplay with nitric oxide and auxin in plants under different types of abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1108507. [PMID: 36866369 PMCID: PMC9971941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that reduces the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, and enhances the growth and physiological function of many plant species. Several recent studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of melatonin in plant functions, specifically its regulation of crop growth and yield. However, a comprehensive understanding of melatonin, which regulates crop growth and yield under abiotic stress conditions, is not yet available. This review focuses on the progress of research on the biosynthesis, distribution, and metabolism of melatonin, and its multiple complex functions in plants and its role in the mechanisms of metabolism regulation in plants grown under abiotic stresses. In this review, we focused on the pivotal role of melatonin in the enhancement of plant growth and regulation of crop yield, and elucidated its interactions with nitric oxide (NO) and auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) when plants are grown under various abiotic stresses. The present review revealed that the endogenousapplication of melatonin to plants, and its interactions with NO and IAA, enhanced plant growth and yield under various abiotic stresses. The interaction of melatonin with NO regulated plant morphophysiological and biochemical activities, mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor and synthesis genes. The interaction of melatonin with IAA enhanced plant growth and physiological function by increasing the levels of IAA, synthesis, and polar transport. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive review of the performance of melatonin under various abiotic stresses, and, therefore, further explicate the mechanisms that plant hormones use to regulate plant growth and yield under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Song
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muhi Eldeen Hussein Ibrahim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Area, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong, China
| | - Yousaf Jamal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usama Younas
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guanglong Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Crop Genetics & Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Adam Yousif Adam Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Gadarif, Al Gadarif, Sudan
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3
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Cai G, Xu Y, Zhang S, Chen T, Liu G, Li Z, Zhu Y, Wang G. A tomato chloroplast-targeted DnaJ protein, SlDnaJ20 maintains the stability of photosystem I/II under chilling stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2139116. [PMID: 36408837 PMCID: PMC9683050 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2139116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
DnaJ proteins are key molecular chaperones that act as a part of the stress response to stabilize plant proteins, thereby maintaining protein homeostasis under stressful conditions. Herein we used transgenic plants to explore the role of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlDnaJ20 chloroplast DnaJ protein in to the resistance of these proteins to cold. When chilled, transgenic plants exhibited superior cold resistance, with reduced growth inhibition and cellular damage and increased fresh mass and chlorophyll content relative to control. These transgenic plants further exhibited increased Fv/Fm, P700 oxidation, φRo, and δRo relative to control plants under chilling conditions. Under these same cold conditions, these transgenic plants also exhibited higher levels of core proteins in the photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) complexes (PsaA and PsaB; D1 and D2) relative to control wild-type plants. Together these results suggested that the overexpression of SlDnaJ20 is sufficient to maintain PSI and PSII complex stability and to alleviate associated photoinhibition of these complexes, thereby increasing transgenic plant resistance to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, Jining Medical University, Ri’zhao, 276800, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Jining Medical University, Ri’zhao, 276800, P.R. China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Jining Medical University, Ri’zhao, 276800, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Jining Medical University, Ri’zhao, 276800, P.R. China
| | - Gan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Jining Medical University, Ri’zhao, 276800, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyue Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Jining Medical University, Ri’zhao, 276800, P.R. China
| | - Youshuang Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Jining Medical University, Ri’zhao, 276800, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Jining Medical University, Ri’zhao, 276800, P.R. China
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4
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Mei YH, Li X, Zhou JY, Kong FL, Qi SS, Zhu B, Naz M, Dai ZC, Du DL. Both Adaptability and Endophytic Bacteria Are Linked to the Functional Traits in the Invasive Clonal Plant Wedelia trilobata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233369. [PMID: 36501409 PMCID: PMC9738965 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of the interactions between endophytes and host plants is unclear in invasive plants from different geographical latitudes. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between endophytic microbes and the functional traits of the invasive plant Wedelia trilobata. We explored the relationship between endophytes and the clonal growth traits of the invasive clonal plant Wedelia trilobata from different geographical latitudes using high-throughput sequencing technology and a common garden-planting experiment. We found that: (1) Different W. trilobata populations had similar endophytic fungi but different endophytic bacteria. However, no latitudinal variation pattern of the overall microbial community was found; (2) plant clonal growth performance (i.e., spacer length) was significantly correlated with endophytic bacterial diversity but not fungal diversity; and (3) the latitudinal variation pattern of the plant clonal growth performance of W. trilobata populations was found in pre-cultivated (i.e., wild) individuals but disappeared in post-cultivated W. trilobata. Our results suggest both environmental adaptability and the endophytic bacterial community are linked to the functional traits of the invasive clonal plant W. trilobata, and these functional traits tend to increase its invasiveness, which may enhance its invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Mei
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhou
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fang-Li Kong
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan-Shan Qi
- School of the Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Misbah Naz
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Dai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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5
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Association mapping of autumn-seeded rye (Secale cereale L.) reveals genetic linkages between genes controlling winter hardiness and plant development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5793. [PMID: 35388069 PMCID: PMC8986816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter field survival (WFS) in autumn-seeded winter cereals is a complex trait associated with low temperature tolerance (LTT), prostrate growth habit (PGH), and final leaf number (FLN). WFS and the three sub-traits were analyzed by a genome-wide association study of 96 rye (Secale cereal L.) genotypes of different origins and winter-hardiness levels. A total of 10,244 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were identified by genotyping by sequencing and 259 marker-trait-associations (MTAs; p < 0.01) were revealed by association mapping. The ten most significant SNPs (p < 1.49e−04) associated with WFS corresponded to nine strong candidate genes: Inducer of CBF Expression 1 (ICE1), Cold-regulated 413-Plasma Membrane Protein 1 (COR413-PM1), Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Protein 1 (IRIP1), Jasmonate-resistant 1 (JAR1), BIPP2C1-like protein phosphatase, Chloroplast Unusual Positioning Protein-1 (CHUP1), FRIGIDA-like 4 (FRL4-like) protein, Chalcone Synthase 2 (CHS2), and Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase 8 (PAL8). Seven of the candidate genes were also significant for one or several of the sub-traits supporting the hypothesis that WFS, LTT, FLN, and PGH are genetically interlinked. The winter-hardy rye genotypes generally carried additional allele variants for the strong candidate genes, which suggested allele diversity was a major contributor to cold acclimation efficiency and consistent high WFS under varying field conditions.
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6
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Ivanov AG, Krol M, Savitch LV, Szyszka-Mroz B, Roche J, Sprott DP, Selstam E, Wilson KW, Gardiner R, Öquist G, Hurry VM, Hüner NPA. The decreased PG content of pgp1 inhibits PSI photochemistry and limits reaction center and light-harvesting polypeptide accumulation in response to cold acclimation. PLANTA 2022; 255:36. [PMID: 35015152 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decreased PG constrains PSI activity due to inhibition of transcript and polypeptide abundance of light-harvesting and reaction center polypeptides generating a reversible, yellow phenotype during cold acclimation of pgp1. Cold acclimation of the Arabidopsis pgp1 mutant at 5 °C resulted in a pale-yellow phenotype with abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure compared to its green phenotype upon growth at 20 °C despite a normal cold-acclimation response at the transcript level. In contrast, wild type maintained its normal green phenotype and chloroplast ultrastructure irrespective of growth temperature. In contrast to cold acclimation of WT, growth of pgp1 at 5 °C limited the accumulation of Lhcbs and Lhcas assessed by immunoblotting. However, a novel 43 kD polypeptide of Lhcb1 as well as a 29 kD polypeptide of Lhcb3 accumulated in the soluble fraction which was absent in the thylakoid membrane fraction of cold-acclimated pgp1 which was not observed in WT. Cold acclimation of pgp1 destabilized the Chl-protein complexes associated with PSI and predisposed energy distribution in favor of PSII rather than PSI compared to the WT. Functionally, in vivo PSI versus PSII photochemistry was inhibited in cold-acclimated pgp1 to a greater extent than in WT relative to controls. Greening of the pale-yellow pgp1 was induced when cold-acclimated pgp1 was shifted from 5 to 20 °C which resulted in a marked decrease in excitation pressure to a level comparable to WT. Concomitantly, Lhcbs and Lhcas accumulated with a simultaneous decrease in the novel 43 and 29kD polypeptides. We conclude that the reduced levels of phosphatidyldiacylglycerol in the pgp1 limit the capacity of the mutant to maintain the structure and function of its photosynthetic apparatus during cold acclimation. Thus, maintenance of normal thylakoid phosphatidyldiacylglycerol levels is essential to stabilize the photosynthetic apparatus during cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marianna Krol
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Leonid V Savitch
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A OC6, Canada
| | - Beth Szyszka-Mroz
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jessica Roche
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- , 6/136 Austin St, Mt. Victoria, Wellington, 6011, New Zealand
| | - D P Sprott
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A OC6, Canada
| | - Eva Selstam
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, University of Umeå, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kenneth W Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Richard Gardiner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gunnar Öquist
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, University of Umeå, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vaughan M Hurry
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, University of Umeå, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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7
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Sadura I, Janeczko A. Brassinosteroids and the Tolerance of Cereals to Low and High Temperature Stress: Photosynthesis and the Physicochemical Properties of Cell Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:342. [PMID: 35008768 PMCID: PMC8745458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals, which belong to the Poaceae family, are the most economically important group of plants. Among abiotic stresses, temperature stresses are a serious and at the same time unpredictable problem for plant production. Both frost (in the case of winter cereals) and high temperatures in summer (especially combined with a water deficit in the soil) can result in significant yield losses. Plants have developed various adaptive mechanisms that have enabled them to survive periods of extreme temperatures. The processes of acclimation to low and high temperatures are controlled, among others, by phytohormones. The current review is devoted to the role of brassinosteroids (BR) in cereal acclimation to temperature stress with special attention being paid to the impact of BR on photosynthesis and the membrane properties. In cereals, the exogenous application of BR increases frost tolerance (winter rye, winter wheat), tolerance to cold (maize) and tolerance to a high temperature (rice). Disturbances in BR biosynthesis and signaling are accompanied by a decrease in frost tolerance but unexpectedly an improvement of tolerance to high temperature (barley). BR exogenous treatment increases the efficiency of the photosynthetic light reactions under various temperature conditions (winter rye, barley, rice), but interestingly, BR mutants with disturbances in BR biosynthesis are also characterized by an increased efficiency of PSII (barley). BR regulate the sugar metabolism including an increase in the sugar content, which is of key importance for acclimation, especially to low temperatures (winter rye, barley, maize). BR either participate in the temperature-dependent regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis or control the processes that are responsible for the transport or incorporation of the fatty acids into the membranes, which influences membrane fluidity (and subsequently the tolerance to high/low temperatures) (barley). BR may be one of the players, along with gibberellins or ABA, in acquiring tolerance to temperature stress in cereals (particularly important for the acclimation of cereals to low temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Sadura
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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8
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Hassan MA, Xiang C, Farooq M, Muhammad N, Yan Z, Hui X, Yuanyuan K, Bruno AK, Lele Z, Jincai L. Cold Stress in Wheat: Plant Acclimation Responses and Management Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:676884. [PMID: 34305976 PMCID: PMC8299469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.676884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted variability in temperature is associated with frequent extreme low-temperature events. Wheat is a leading crop in fulfilling global food requirements. Climate-driven temperature extremes influence the vegetative and reproductive growth of wheat, followed by a decrease in yield. This review describes how low temperature induces a series of modifications in the morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular makeup of wheat and how it is perceived. To cope with these modifications, crop plants turn on their cold-tolerance mechanisms, characterized by accumulating soluble carbohydrates, signaling molecules, and cold tolerance gene expressions. The review also discusses the integrated management approaches to enhance the performance of wheat plants against cold stress. In this review, we propose strategies for improving the adaptive capacity of wheat besides alleviating risks of cold anticipated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Xiang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Agronomy (Forage Production) Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Yan
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Hui
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Yuanyuan
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Zhang Lele
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Jincai
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
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9
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Keller B, Matsubara S, Rascher U, Pieruschka R, Steier A, Kraska T, Muller O. Genotype Specific Photosynthesis x Environment Interactions Captured by Automated Fluorescence Canopy Scans Over Two Fluctuating Growing Seasons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1482. [PMID: 31998328 PMCID: PMC6962999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis reacts dynamic and in different time scales to changing conditions. Light and temperature acclimation balance photosynthetic processes in a complex interplay with the fluctuating environment. However, due to limitations in the measurements techniques, these acclimations are often described under steady-state conditions leading to inaccurate photosynthesis estimates in the field. Here we analyze the photosynthetic interaction with the fluctuating environment and canopy architecture over two seasons using a fully automated phenotyping system. We acquired over 700,000 chlorophyll fluorescence transients and spectral measurements under semi-field conditions in four crop species including 28 genotypes. As expected, the quantum efficiency of the photosystem II (Fv/Fm in the dark and Fq'/Fm' in the light) was determined by light intensity. It was further significantly affected by spectral indices representing canopy structure effects. In contrast, a newly established parameter, monitoring the efficiency of electron transport (Fr2/Fv in the dark respective Fr2'/Fq' in the light), was highly responsive to temperature (R2 up to 0.75). This parameter decreased with temperature and enabled the detection of cold tolerant species and genotypes. We demonstrated the ability to capture and model the dynamic photosynthesis response to the environment over entire growth seasons. The improved linkage of photosynthetic performance to canopy structure, temperature and cold tolerance offers great potential for plant breeding and crop growth modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Keller
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Shizue Matsubara
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Uwe Rascher
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Pieruschka
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelina Steier
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kraska
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, University of Bonn, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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10
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Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Cold, Salt and Drought Stress Tolerance by Improving Antioxidant Defense in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091826. [PMID: 31083611 PMCID: PMC6539935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a biological hormone that plays crucial roles in stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous melatonin on abiotic stress in the tea plant. Under cold, salt and drought stress, increasing malondialdehyde levels and decreasing maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII were observed in tea leaves. Meanwhile, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased significantly under abiotic stress. Interestingly, pretreatment with melatonin on leaves alleviated ROS burst, decreased malondialdehyde levels and maintain high photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, 100 μM melatonin-pretreated tea plants showed high levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase under abiotic stress. Notably, melatonin treatments can positively up-regulate the genes (CsSOD, CsPOD, CsCAT and CsAPX) expression of antioxidant enzyme biosynthesis. Taken together, our results confirmed that melatonin protects tea plants against abiotic stress-induced damages through detoxifying ROS and regulating antioxidant systems.
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11
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Eichhorn Bilodeau S, Wu BS, Rufyikiri AS, MacPherson S, Lefsrud M. An Update on Plant Photobiology and Implications for Cannabis Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:296. [PMID: 31001288 PMCID: PMC6455078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent developments in plant photobiology and lighting systems for horticultural crops, as well as potential applications for cannabis (Cannabis sativa and C. indica) plant production. The legal and commercial production of the cannabis plant is a relatively new, rapidly growing, and highly profitable industry in Europe and North America. However, more knowledge transfer from plant studies and horticultural communities to commercial cannabis plant growers is needed. Plant photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis are influenced by light wavelength, intensity, and photoperiod via plant photoreceptors that sense light and control plant growth. Further, light properties play a critical role in plant vegetative growth and reproductive (flowering) developmental stages, as well as in biomass, secondary metabolite synthesis, and accumulation. Advantages and disadvantages of widespread greenhouse lighting systems that use high pressure sodium lamps or light emitting diode (LED) lighting are known. Some artificial plant lighting practices will require improvements for cannabis production. By manipulating LED light spectra and stimulating specific plant photoreceptors, it may be possible to minimize operation costs while maximizing cannabis biomass and cannabinoid yield, including tetrahydrocannabinol (or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and cannabidiol for medicinal and recreational purposes. The basics of plant photobiology (photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis) and electrical lighting systems are discussed, with an emphasis on how the light spectrum and lighting strategies could influence cannabis production and secondary compound accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark Lefsrud
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Baier M, Bittner A, Prescher A, van Buer J. Preparing plants for improved cold tolerance by priming. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:782-800. [PMID: 29974962 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cold is a major stressor, which limits plant growth and development in many parts of the world, especially in the temperate climate zones. A large number of experimental studies has demonstrated that not only acclimation and entrainment but also the experience of single short stress events of various abiotic or biotic kinds (priming stress) can improve the tolerance of plants to chilling temperatures. This process, called priming, depends on a stress "memory". It does not change cold sensitivity per se but beneficially modifies the response to cold and can last for days, months, or even longer. Elicitor factors and antagonists accumulate due to increased biosynthesis or decreased degradation either during or after the priming stimulus. Comparison of priming studies investigating improved tolerance to chilling temperatures highlighted key regulatory functions of ROS/RNS and antioxidant enzymes, plant hormones, especially jasmonates, salicylates, and abscisic acid, and signalling metabolites, such as β- and γ-aminobutyric acid (BABA and GABA) and melatonin. We conclude that these elicitors and antagonists modify local and systemic cold tolerance by integration into cold-induced signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andras Bittner
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Prescher
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn van Buer
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Dusenge ME, Duarte AG, Way DA. Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO 2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:32-49. [PMID: 29983005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 32 I. The importance of plant carbon metabolism for climate change 32 II. Rising atmospheric CO2 and carbon metabolism 33 III. Rising temperatures and carbon metabolism 37 IV. Thermal acclimation responses of carbon metabolic processes can be best understood when studied together 38 V. Will elevated CO2 offset warming-induced changes in carbon metabolism? 40 VI. No plant is an island: water and nutrient limitations define plant responses to climate drivers 41 VII. Conclusions 42 Acknowledgements 42 References 42 Appendix A1 48 SUMMARY: Plant carbon metabolism is impacted by rising CO2 concentrations and temperatures, but also feeds back onto the climate system to help determine the trajectory of future climate change. Here we review how photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration are affected by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate warming, both separately and in combination. We also compile data from the literature on plants grown at multiple temperatures, focusing on net CO2 assimilation rates and leaf dark respiration rates measured at the growth temperature (Agrowth and Rgrowth , respectively). Our analyses show that the ratio of Agrowth to Rgrowth is generally homeostatic across a wide range of species and growth temperatures, and that species that have reduced Agrowth at higher growth temperatures also tend to have reduced Rgrowth , while species that show stimulations in Agrowth under warming tend to have higher Rgrowth in the hotter environment. These results highlight the need to study these physiological processes together to better predict how vegetation carbon metabolism will respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - André Galvao Duarte
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Takagi D, Ihara H, Takumi S, Miyake C. Growth Light Environment Changes the Sensitivity of Photosystem I Photoinhibition Depending on Common Wheat Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:686. [PMID: 31214216 PMCID: PMC6557977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important factor for determining photosynthetic performance in land plants. At high light intensity, land plants develop photosynthetic activity by increasing electron sinks, such as the Calvin cycle and photorespiration and photoprotective mechanisms in photosystem II (PSII), to effectively utilize light and protect them from photoinhibition. In addition to PSII, photosystem I (PSI) has a risk of undergoing photoinhibition under high light intensity because of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced within PSI. However, the acclimation response has hardly been evaluated in the relationship of PSI photoprotection to growth light. In this study, we studied the effect of growth light intensity on the photoprotective mechanisms in PSI using six wheat cultivars. To evaluate the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition, we used the repetitive short-pulse (rSP) illumination method to cause O2-dependent PSI photoinhibition. We found that PSI photoinhibition induced by rSP illumination was much more alleviated in wheat cultivars grown under high-light conditions compared to those grown under low-light conditions. Here, we observed that wheat plant grown under high-light conditions lowered the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition compared to those grown under low-light conditions. Furthermore, the acclimation response toward PSI photoinhibition was significantly different among the studied wheat cultivars, although the quantum yields both of PSII and PSI were increased by high-light acclimation in all wheat cultivars as reported previously. Interestingly, we observed that total chlorophyll content in leaves correlated with the susceptibility of PSI to its photoinhibition. On the basis of these results, we suggest that high-light acclimation induces protection mechanisms against PSI photoinhibition in land plants, and the increase in the leaf chlorophyll content relates to the susceptibility of PSI photoinhibition in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ihara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takumi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chikahiro Miyake,
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15
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Rurek M, Czołpińska M, Pawłowski TA, Krzesiński W, Spiżewski T. Cold and Heat Stress Diversely Alter Both Cauliflower Respiration and Distinct Mitochondrial Proteins Including OXPHOS Components and Matrix Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030877. [PMID: 29547512 PMCID: PMC5877738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex proteomic and physiological approaches for studying cold and heat stress responses in plant mitochondria are still limited. Variations in the mitochondrial proteome of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) curds after cold and heat and after stress recovery were assayed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) in relation to mRNA abundance and respiratory parameters. Quantitative analysis of the mitochondrial proteome revealed numerous stress-affected protein spots. In cold, major downregulations in the level of photorespiratory enzymes, porine isoforms, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and some low-abundant proteins were observed. In contrast, carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, heat-shock proteins, translation, protein import, and OXPHOS components were involved in heat response and recovery. Several transcriptomic and metabolic regulation mechanisms are also suggested. Cauliflower plants appeared less susceptible to heat; closed stomata in heat stress resulted in moderate photosynthetic, but only minor respiratory impairments, however, photosystem II performance was unaffected. Decreased photorespiration corresponded with proteomic alterations in cold. Our results show that cold and heat stress not only operate in diverse modes (exemplified by cold-specific accumulation of some heat shock proteins), but exert some associations at molecular and physiological levels. This implies a more complex model of action of investigated stresses on plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Czołpińska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Włodzimierz Krzesiński
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Spiżewski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
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16
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Oakley CG, Savage L, Lotz S, Larson GR, Thomashow MF, Kramer DM, Schemske DW. Genetic basis of photosynthetic responses to cold in two locally adapted populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:699-709. [PMID: 29300935 PMCID: PMC5853396 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation is common, but the traits and genes involved are often unknown. Physiological responses to cold probably contribute to local adaptation in wide-ranging species, but the genetic basis underlying natural variation in these traits has rarely been studied. Using a recombinant inbred (495 lines) mapping population from locally adapted populations of Arabidopsis thaliana from Sweden and Italy, we grew plants at low temperature and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for traits related to photosynthesis: maximal quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), rapidly reversible photoprotection (NPQfast), and photoinhibition of PSII (NPQslow) using high-throughput, whole-plant measures of chlorophyll fluorescence. In response to cold, the Swedish line had greater values for all traits, and for every trait, large effect QTLs contributed to parental differences. We found one major QTL affecting all traits, as well as unique major QTLs for each trait. Six trait QTLs overlapped with previously published locally adaptive QTLs based on fitness measured in the native environments over 3 years. Our results demonstrate that photosynthetic responses to cold can vary dramatically within a species, and may predominantly be caused by a few QTLs of large effect. Some photosynthesis traits and QTLs probably contribute to local adaptation in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Oakley
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Linda Savage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Samuel Lotz
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Rudd Larson
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael F Thomashow
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Douglas W Schemske
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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17
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Optimal Regulation of the Balance between Productivity and Overwintering of Perennial Grasses in a Warmer Climate. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Hüner NPA, Dahal K, Bode R, Kurepin LV, Ivanov AG. Photosynthetic acclimation, vernalization, crop productivity and 'the grand design of photosynthesis'. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 203:29-43. [PMID: 27185597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Daniel Arnon first proposed the notion of a 'grand design of photosynthesis' in 1982 to illustrate the central role of photosynthesis as the primary energy transformer for all life on Earth. However, we suggest that this concept can be extended to the broad impact of photosynthesis not only in global energy transformation but also in the regulation of plant growth, development, survival and crop productivity through chloroplast redox signalling. We compare and contrast the role of chloroplast redox imbalance, measured as excitation pressure, in governing acclimation to abiotic stress and phenotypic plasticity. Although all photoautrophs sense excessive excitation energy through changes in excitation pressure, the response to this chloroplast redox signal is species dependent. Due to a limited capacity to adjust metabolic sinks, cyanobacteria and green algae induce photoprotective mechanisms which dissipate excess excitation energy at a cost of decreased photosynthetic performance. In contrast, terrestrial, cold tolerant plants such as wheat enhance metabolic sink capacity which leads to enhanced photosynthetic performance and biomass accumulation with minimal dependence on photoprotection. We suggest that the family of nuclear C-repeat binding transcription factors (CBFs) associated with the frost resistance locus, FR2, contiguous with the vernalization locus,VRN1, and mapped to chromosome 5A of wheat, may be critical components that link leaf chloroplast redox regulation to enhanced photosynthetic performance, the accumulation of growth-active gibberellins and the dwarf phenotype during cold acclimation prior to the vegetative to reproductive transition controlled by vernalization in winter cereals. Further genetic, molecular and biochemical research to confirm these links and to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which chloroplast redox modulation of CBF expression leads to enhanced photosynthetic performance is required. Because of the superior abiotic stress tolerance of cold tolerant winter wheat and seed yields that historically exceed those of spring wheat by 30-40%, we discuss the potential to exploit winter cereals for the maintenance or perhaps even the enhancement of cereal productivity under future climate change scenarios that will be required to feed a growing human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rainer Bode
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid V Kurepin
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
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19
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Stewart JJ, Adams WW, Cohu CM, Polutchko SK, Lombardi EM, Demmig-Adams B. Differences in light-harvesting, acclimation to growth-light environment, and leaf structural development between Swedish and Italian ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2015; 242:1277-90. [PMID: 26189001 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphological differences have an impact on light distribution within the leaf, photosynthesis, and photoprotection in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes from near the limits of this species' latitudinal distribution in Europe. Leaf morphology, photosynthesis, and photoprotection were characterized in two Arabidopsis ecotypes from near the limits of this species' latitudinal distribution in Europe (63°N and 42°N). The Swedish ecotype formed thicker leaves and upregulated photosynthesis more substantially than the Italian ecotype in high-light environments. Conversely, the smaller rosette formed, and lesser aboveground biomass accumulated, by the Swedish versus the Italian ecotype in low growth-light environments is consistent with a lesser shade tolerance of the Swedish ecotype. The response of the thinner leaves of the Italian ecotype to evenly spaced daily periods of higher light against a background of otherwise non-fluctuating low light was to perform the same rate of photosynthesis with less chlorophyll, rather than exhibiting greater rates of photosynthesis. In contrast, the thicker leaves of the Swedish ecotype showed elevated photosynthetic performance in response to daily supplemental higher light periods in a low-light growth environment. These findings suggest significant self-shading in the lower depths of leaves of the Swedish ecotype by the chloroplasts residing in the upper portions of the leaf, resulting in a requirement for higher incident light to trigger photosynthetic upregulation in the lower portions of its thicker leaves. Conversely, photoprotective responses in the Italian ecotype suggest that more excess light penetrated into the lower depths of this ecotype's leaves. It is speculated that light absorption and the degree of utilization of this absorbed light inform cellular signaling networks that orchestrate leaf structural development, which, in turn, affects light distribution and the level of absorbed versus photosynthetically utilized light in a leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J Stewart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - William W Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Christopher M Cohu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Stephanie K Polutchko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Lombardi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA.
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20
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Perdomo JA, Conesa MÀ, Medrano H, Ribas-Carbó M, Galmés J. Effects of long-term individual and combined water and temperature stress on the growth of rice, wheat and maize: relationship with morphological and physiological acclimation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:149-165. [PMID: 25348109 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the long-term individual and combined effects of high temperature (HT) and water deficit (WD) stress on plant growth, leaf gas-exchange and water use efficiency in cultivars of the three most important crops worldwide, rice, wheat and maize. Total plant biomass (Bt ) accumulation decreased under all treatments, being the combined HT-WD treatment the most detrimental in all three species. Although decreases in Bt correlated with adjustments in biomass allocation patterns (i.e. the leaf area ratio), most of the variation observed in Bt was explained by changes in leaf gas exchange parameters. Thus, integrated values of leaf carbon balance obtained from daily course measurements of photosynthesis and respiration were better predictors of plant growth than the instantaneous measurements of leaf gas exchange. Leaf water use efficiency, assessed both by gas exchange and carbon isotope measurements, was negatively correlated with Bt under WD, but not under the combined WD and HT treatment. A comparative analysis of the negative effects of single and combined stresses on the main parameters showed an additive component for WD and HT in rice and maize, in contrast to wheat. Overall, the results of the specific cultivars included in the study suggest that the species native climate plays a role shaping the species acclimation potential to the applied stresses. In this regard, wheat, originated in a cold climate, was the most affected species, which foretells a higher affectation of this crop due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alejandro Perdomo
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Miquel À Conesa
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Hipólito Medrano
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
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21
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O'Rourke JA, Fu F, Bucciarelli B, Yang SS, Samac DA, Lamb JFS, Monteros MJ, Graham MA, Gronwald JW, Krom N, Li J, Dai X, Zhao PX, Vance CP. The Medicago sativa gene index 1.2: a web-accessible gene expression atlas for investigating expression differences between Medicago sativa subspecies. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:502. [PMID: 26149169 PMCID: PMC4492073 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the primary forage legume crop species in the United States and plays essential economic and ecological roles in agricultural systems across the country. Modern alfalfa is the result of hybridization between tetraploid M. sativa ssp. sativa and M. sativa ssp. falcata. Due to its large and complex genome, there are few genomic resources available for alfalfa improvement. Results A de novo transcriptome assembly from two alfalfa subspecies, M. sativa ssp. sativa (B47) and M. sativa ssp. falcata (F56) was developed using Illumina RNA-seq technology. Transcripts from roots, nitrogen-fixing root nodules, leaves, flowers, elongating stem internodes, and post-elongation stem internodes were assembled into the Medicago sativa Gene Index 1.2 (MSGI 1.2) representing 112,626 unique transcript sequences. Nodule-specific and transcripts involved in cell wall biosynthesis were identified. Statistical analyses identified 20,447 transcripts differentially expressed between the two subspecies. Pair-wise comparisons of each tissue combination identified 58,932 sequences differentially expressed in B47 and 69,143 sequences differentially expressed in F56. Comparing transcript abundance in floral tissues of B47 and F56 identified expression differences in sequences involved in anthocyanin and carotenoid synthesis, which determine flower pigmentation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) unique to each M. sativa subspecies (110,241) were identified. Conclusions The Medicago sativa Gene Index 1.2 increases the expressed sequence data available for alfalfa by ninefold and can be expanded as additional experiments are performed. The MSGI 1.2 transcriptome sequences, annotations, expression profiles, and SNPs were assembled into the Alfalfa Gene Index and Expression Database (AGED) at http://plantgrn.noble.org/AGED/, a publicly available genomic resource for alfalfa improvement and legume research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1718-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A O'Rourke
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Fengli Fu
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | | | - S Sam Yang
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. .,Present Address: Monsanto Company, Molecular Breeding Technology, Chesterfield, MO, 63167, USA.
| | - Deborah A Samac
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - JoAnn F S Lamb
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | | | - Michelle A Graham
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - John W Gronwald
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Nick Krom
- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
| | - Jun Li
- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
| | - Xinbin Dai
- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
| | - Patrick X Zhao
- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
| | - Carroll P Vance
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. .,USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Atkinson LJ, Sherlock DJ, Atkin OK. Source of nitrogen associated with recovery of relative growth rate in Arabidopsis thaliana acclimated to sustained cold treatment. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1023-34. [PMID: 25291970 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To determine (1) whether acclimation of carbon metabolism to low temperatures results in recovery of the relative growth rate (RGR) of plants in the cold and (2) the source of N underpinning cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana, we supplied plants with a nutrient solution labelled with (15) N and subjected them to a temperature shift (from 23 to 5 °C). Whole-plant RGR of cold-treated plants was initially less than 30% of that of warm-maintained control plants. After 14 d, new leaves with a cold-acclimated phenotype emerged, with the RGR of cold-treated plants increasing by 50%; there was an associated recovery of root RGR and doubling of the net assimilation rate (NAR). The development of new tissues in the cold was supported initially by re-allocation of internal sources of N. In the longer term, the majority (80%) of N in the new leaves was derived from the external solution. Hence, both the nutrient status of the plant and the current availability of N from external sources are important in determining recovery of growth at low temperature. Collectively, our results reveal that both increased N use efficiency and increases in nitrogen content per se play a role in the recovery of carbon metabolism in the cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey J Atkinson
- Department of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Fan J, Hu Z, Xie Y, Chan Z, Chen K, Amombo E, Chen L, Fu J. Alleviation of cold damage to photosystem II and metabolisms by melatonin in Bermudagrass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:925. [PMID: 26579171 PMCID: PMC4630300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As a typical warm-season grass, Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L).Pers.] is widely applied in turf systems and animal husbandry. However, cold temperature is a key factor limiting resource utilization for Bermudagrass. Therefore, it is relevant to study the mechanisms by which Burmudagrass responds to cold. Melatonin is a crucial animal and plant hormone that is responsible for plant abiotic stress responses. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of melatonin in cold stress response of Bermudagrass. Wild Bermudagrass pre-treated with 100 μM melatonin was subjected to different cold stress treatments (-5°C for 8 h with or without cold acclimation). The results showed lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL) values, higher levels of chlorophyll, and greater superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities after melatonin treatment than those in non-melatonin treatment under cold stress. Analysis of chlorophyll a revealed that the chlorophyll fluorescence transient (OJIP) curves were higher after treatment with melatonin than that of non-melatonin treated plants under cold stress. The values of photosynthetic fluorescence parameters increased after treatment with melatonin under cold stress. The analysis of metabolism showed alterations in 46 metabolites in cold-stressed plants after melatonin treatment. Among the measured metabolites, five sugars (arabinose, mannose, glucopyranose, maltose, and turanose) and one organic acid (propanoic acid) were significantly increased. However, valine and threonic acid contents were reduced in melatonin-treated plants. In summary, melatonin maintained cell membrane stability, increased antioxidant enzymes activities, improved the process of photosystem II, and induced alterations in Bermudagrass metabolism under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Erick Amombo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Chen
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- Jinmin Fu
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Rapacz M, Ergon A, Höglind M, Jørgensen M, Jurczyk B, Ostrem L, Rognli OA, Tronsmo AM. Overwintering of herbaceous plants in a changing climate. Still more questions than answers. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 225:34-44. [PMID: 25017157 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The increase in surface temperature of the Earth indicates a lower risk of exposure for temperate grassland and crop to extremely low temperatures. However, the risk of low winter survival rate, especially in higher latitudes may not be smaller, due to complex interactions among different environmental factors. For example, the frequency, degree and length of extreme winter warming events, leading to snowmelt during winter increased, affecting the risks of anoxia, ice encasement and freezing of plants not covered with snow. Future climate projections suggest that cold acclimation will occur later in autumn, under shorter photoperiod and lower light intensity, which may affect the energy partitioning between the elongation growth, accumulation of organic reserves and cold acclimation. Rising CO2 levels may also disturb the cold acclimation process. Predicting problems with winter pathogens is also very complex, because climate change may greatly influence the pathogen population and because the plant resistance to these pathogens is increased by cold acclimation. All these factors, often with contradictory effects on winter survival, make plant overwintering viability under future climates an open question. Close cooperation between climatologists, ecologists, plant physiologists, geneticists and plant breeders is strongly required to predict and prevent possible problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Rapacz
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, ul. Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ashild Ergon
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Mats Höglind
- Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Særheim, Postvegen 213, 4353 Klepp, Norway
| | - Marit Jørgensen
- Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Holt, Postboks 2284, 9269 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Barbara Jurczyk
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, ul. Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Liv Ostrem
- Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Fureneset, 6967 Hellevik i Fjaler, Norway
| | - Odd Arne Rognli
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Marte Tronsmo
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Li X, Cai J, Liu F, Dai T, Cao W, Jiang D. Physiological, proteomic and transcriptional responses of wheat to combination of drought or waterlogging with late spring low temperature. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:690-703. [PMID: 32481024 DOI: 10.1071/fp13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spring low temperature events affect winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during late vegetative or reproductive development, exposing plants to a subzero low temperature stress when winter hardening is lost. The increased climatic variability results in wheat being exposed to more frequent adverse impacts of combined low temperature and water stress, including drought and waterlogging. The responses of potted wheat plants cultivated in climatic chambers to these environmental perturbations were investigated at physiological, proteomic and transcriptional levels. At the physiological level, the depressed carbon (C) assimilation induced by the combined stresses was due mainly to stomatal closure and damage of photosynthetic electron transport. Biochemically, the adaptive effects of early moderate drought or waterlogging stress were associated with the activation of antioxidant enzyme system in chloroplasts and mitochondria of leaf under low temperature. Further proteomic analysis revealed that the oxidative stress defence, C metabolism and photosynthesis related proteins were modulated by the combined low temperature and water stress. Collectively, the results indicate that impairment of photosynthesis and C metabolism was responsible for the grain yield loss in winter wheat under low temperature in combination with severe drought or waterlogging stress. In addition, prior mild drought or waterlogging contributed to the homeostasis of oxidative metabolism and relatively better photosynthesis, and hence to less grain yield loss under later spring low temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Li
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Cai
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Tingbo Dai
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Hüner NPA, Dahal K, Kurepin LV, Savitch L, Singh J, Ivanov AG, Kane K, Sarhan F. Potential for increased photosynthetic performance and crop productivity in response to climate change: role of CBFs and gibberellic acid. Front Chem 2014; 2:18. [PMID: 24860799 PMCID: PMC4029004 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose that targeting the enhanced photosynthetic performance associated with the cold acclimation of winter cultivars of rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and Brassica napus L. may provide a novel approach to improve crop productivity under abiotic as well as biotic stress conditions. In support of this hypothesis, we provide the physiological, biochemical, and molecular evidence that the dwarf phenotype induced by cold acclimation is coupled to significant enhancement in photosynthetic performance, resistance to photoinhibition, and a decreased dependence on photoprotection through non-photochemical quenching which result in enhanced biomass production and ultimately increased seed yield. These system-wide changes at the levels of phenotype, physiology, and biochemistry appear to be governed by the family of C-repeat/dehydration-responsive family of transcription factors (CBF/DREB1). We relate this phenomenon to the semi-dwarf, gibberellic acid insensitive (GAI), cereal varieties developed during the "green revolution" of the early 1960s and 1970s. We suggest that genetic manipulation of the family of C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factors (CBF/DREB1) may provide a novel approach for the maintenance and perhaps even the enhancement of plant productivity under conditions of sub-optimal growth conditions predicted for our future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman P. A. Hüner
- Biology Department and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at ScarboroughScarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Leonid V. Kurepin
- Biology Department and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Leonid Savitch
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jas Singh
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander G. Ivanov
- Biology Department and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Khalil Kane
- Départment des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fathey Sarhan
- Départment des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
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27
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Kane K, Dahal KP, Badawi MA, Houde M, Hüner NPA, Sarhan F. Long-term growth under elevated CO2 suppresses biotic stress genes in non-acclimated, but not cold-acclimated winter wheat. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1751-68. [PMID: 23969557 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the photosynthetic performance and the global gene expression of the winter hardy wheat Triticum aestivum cv Norstar grown under non-acclimated (NA) or cold-acclimated (CA) conditions at either ambient CO2 or elevated CO2. CA Norstar maintained comparable light-saturated and CO2-saturated rates of photosynthesis but lower quantum requirements for PSII and non-photochemical quenching relative to NA plants even at elevated CO2. Neither NA nor CA plants were sensitive to feedback inhibition of photosynthesis at elevated CO2. Global gene expression using microarray combined with bioinformatics analysis revealed that genes affected by elevated CO2 were three times higher in NA (1,022 genes) compared with CA (372 genes) Norstar. The most striking effect was the down-regulation of genes involved in the plant defense responses in NA Norstar. In contrast, cold acclimation reversed this down-regulation due to the cold induction of genes involved in plant pathogenesis resistance; and cellular and chloroplast protection. These results suggest that elevated CO2 has less impact on plant performance and productivity in cold-adapted winter hardy plants in the northern climates compared with warmer environments. Selection for cereal cultivars with constitutively higher expression of biotic stress defense genes may be necessary under elevated CO2 during the warm growth period and in warmer climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Kane
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
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28
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Kurepin LV, Dahal KP, Savitch LV, Singh J, Bode R, Ivanov AG, Hurry V, Hüner NPA. Role of CBFs as integrators of chloroplast redox, phytochrome and plant hormone signaling during cold acclimation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12729-63. [PMID: 23778089 PMCID: PMC3709810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold acclimation of winter cereals and other winter hardy species is a prerequisite to increase subsequent freezing tolerance. Low temperatures upregulate the expression of C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factors (CBF/DREB1) which in turn induce the expression of COLD-REGULATED (COR) genes. We summarize evidence which indicates that the integration of these interactions is responsible for the dwarf phenotype and enhanced photosynthetic performance associated with cold-acclimated and CBF-overexpressing plants. Plants overexpressing CBFs but grown at warm temperatures mimic the cold-tolerant, dwarf, compact phenotype; increased photosynthetic performance; and biomass accumulation typically associated with cold-acclimated plants. In this review, we propose a model whereby the cold acclimation signal is perceived by plants through an integration of low temperature and changes in light intensity, as well as changes in light quality. Such integration leads to the activation of the CBF-regulon and subsequent upregulation of COR gene and GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox) expression which results in a dwarf phenotype coupled with increased freezing tolerance and enhanced photosynthetic performance. We conclude that, due to their photoautotrophic nature, plants do not rely on a single low temperature sensor, but integrate changes in light intensity, light quality, and membrane viscosity in order to establish the cold-acclimated state. CBFs appear to act as master regulators of these interconnecting sensing/signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid V. Kurepin
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Center for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; E-Mails: (R.B.); (A.G.I.)
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.V.K.); (N.P.A.H.); Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 86638) (L.V.K.); +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 86488) (N.P.A.H.); Fax: +1-519-850-2343(L.V.K. & N.P.A.H.)
| | - Keshav P. Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Leonid V. Savitch
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; E-Mails: (L.V.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jas Singh
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; E-Mails: (L.V.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Rainer Bode
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Center for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; E-Mails: (R.B.); (A.G.I.)
| | - Alexander G. Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Center for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; E-Mails: (R.B.); (A.G.I.)
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden; E-Mail:
| | - Norman P. A. Hüner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Center for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; E-Mails: (R.B.); (A.G.I.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.V.K.); (N.P.A.H.); Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 86638) (L.V.K.); +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 86488) (N.P.A.H.); Fax: +1-519-850-2343(L.V.K. & N.P.A.H.)
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29
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Miura K, Furumoto T. Cold signaling and cold response in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5312-37. [PMID: 23466881 PMCID: PMC3634503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to a variety of environmental stresses. Freezing or extremely low temperature constitutes a key factor influencing plant growth, development and crop productivity. Plants have evolved a mechanism to enhance tolerance to freezing during exposure to periods of low, but non-freezing temperatures. This phenomenon is called cold acclimation. During cold acclimation, plants develop several mechanisms to minimize potential damages caused by low temperature. Cold response is highly complex process that involves an array of physiological and biochemical modifications. Furthermore, alterations of the expression patterns of many genes, proteins and metabolites in response to cold stress have been reported. Recent studies demonstrate that post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations play a role in the regulation of cold signaling. In this review article, recent advances in cold stress signaling and tolerance are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Furumoto
- Department of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Kyoto 610-8577, Japan; E-Mail:
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30
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Crosatti C, Rizza F, Badeck FW, Mazzucotelli E, Cattivelli L. Harden the chloroplast to protect the plant. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 147:55-63. [PMID: 22938043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is the central switch of the plant's response to cold and light stress. The ability of many plant species to develop a cold tolerant phenotype is dependent on the presence of light and photosynthetic activity during low-temperature growth. Light exposure at low temperature stimulates an over-reduction of the plastoquinone pool as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and both metabolic conditions generate a retrograde signal controlling nuclear gene expression. At the same time the chloroplast is the target of many cold acclimation processes which are the results of the chloroplast-nucleus cross-talk. Often, the extent of cold acclimation of the chloroplast is tightly correlated with the overall plant tolerance to chilling and freezing temperatures, a finding suggesting that the chloroplast cold acclimation could be the rate limiting factor in the adaptation to low temperature.
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Abstract
How plants adapt to freezing temperatures and acclimate to survive the formation of ice within their tissues has been a subject of study for botanists and plant scientists since the latter part of the 19th century. In recent years, there has been an explosion of information on this topic and molecular biology has provided new and exciting opportunities to better understand the genes involved in cold adaptation, freezing response and environmental stress in general. Despite an exponential increase in our understanding of freezing tolerance, understanding cold hardiness in a manner that allows one to actually improve this trait in economically important crops has proved to be an elusive goal. This is partly because of the growing recognition of the complexity of cold adaptation. The ability of plants to adapt to and survive freezing temperatures has many facets, which are often species specific, and are the result of the response to many environmental cues, rather than just low temperature. This is perhaps underappreciated in the design of many controlled environment experiments resulting in data that reflects the response to the experimental conditions but may not reflect actual mechanisms of cold hardiness in the field. The information and opinions presented in this report are an attempt to illustrate the many facets of cold hardiness, emphasize the importance of context in conducting cold hardiness research, and pose, in our view, a few of the critical questions that still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence V Gusta
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada
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32
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Dahal K, Gadapati W, Savitch LV, Singh J, Hüner NPA. Cold acclimation and BnCBF17-over-expression enhance photosynthetic performance and energy conversion efficiency during long-term growth of Brassica napus under elevated CO2 conditions. PLANTA 2012; 236:1639-52. [PMID: 22847022 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cold acclimation and long-term elevated CO(2) on photosynthetic performance of wild-type (WT) and BnCBF17-over-expressing line of Brassica napus cv. Westar (BnCBF17-OE) grown at either 20/16 °C (non-acclimated) or 5/5 °C (cold acclimated) and at either ambient (380 μmol C mol(-1)) or elevated (700 μmol C mol(-1)) CO(2) were studied. Compared with non-acclimated WT, the BnCBF17-OE grown at 20 °C mimicked the effects of cold acclimation on WT B. napus with respect to compact dwarf phenotype and increased rates of light-saturated CO(2) assimilation and photosynthetic electron transport. This was associated with enhanced energy conversion efficiency into biomass as assessed by decreased excitation pressure coupled to decreased dependence on non-photochemical energy dissipation for a given irradiance. Growth at elevated CO(2) decreased the light and CO(2)-saturated rates of photosynthesis by 30 % for non-acclimated WT relative to growth at ambient CO(2). This was associated with inhibition in electron transport rates (20 %), decrease in amount of rbcL (35 %) and cytosolic FBPase (70 %) and increased excitation pressure and non-photochemical quenching in elevated versus ambient CO(2)-grown non-acclimated WT. In contrast, light and CO(2)-saturated rates of photosynthesis, electron transport, excitation pressure, non-photochemical quenching and levels of rbcL, cytosolic FBPase and Lhcb1 were insensitive to growth under elevated CO(2) in BnCBF17-OE and cold-acclimated WT. Thus, BnCBF17-over-expression and cold acclimation maintain enhanced energy conversion efficiency and reduced sensitivity to feedback-limited photosynthesis during long-term growth of B. napus under elevated CO(2). Our results indicated that CBFs transcription factors regulate not only freezing tolerance but also has major whole plant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biology, The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Ivanov AG, Rosso D, Savitch LV, Stachula P, Rosembert M, Oquist G, Hurry V, Hüner NPA. Implications of alternative electron sinks in increased resistance of PSII and PSI photochemistry to high light stress in cold-acclimated Arabidopsis thaliana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:191-206. [PMID: 22843101 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of control (non-hardened) Arabidopsis leaves to high light stress at 5 °C resulted in a decrease of both photosystem II (PSII) (45 %) and Photosystem I (PSI) (35 %) photochemical efficiencies compared to non-treated plants. In contrast, cold-acclimated (CA) leaves exhibited only 35 and 22 % decrease of PSII and PSI photochemistry, respectively, under the same conditions. This was accompanied by an accelerated rate of P700(+) re-reduction, indicating an up-regulation of PSI-dependent cyclic electron transport (CET). Interestingly, the expression of the NDH-H gene and the relative abundance of the Ndh-H polypeptide, representing the NDH-complex, decreased as a result of exposure to low temperatures. This indicates that the NDH-dependent CET pathway cannot be involved and the overall stimulation of CET in CA plants is due to up-regulation of the ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase, antimycin A-sensitive CET pathway. The lower abundance of NDH complex also implies lower activity of the chlororespiratory pathway in CA plants, although the expression level and overall abundance of the other well-characterized component involved in chlororespiration, the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), was up-regulated at low temperatures. This suggests increased PTOX-mediated alternative electron flow to oxygen in plants exposed to low temperatures. Indeed, the estimated proportion of O(2)-dependent linear electron transport not utilized in carbon assimilation and not directed to photorespiration was twofold higher in CA Arabidopsis. The possible involvement of alternative electron transport pathways in inducing greater resistance of both PSII and PSI to high light stress in CA plants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ivanov
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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34
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Kane K, Moheb A, Fukushi Y, Roy R, Hüner NPA, Ibrahim RK, Sarhan F. Daphnetin methylation stabilizes the activity of phosphoribulokinase in wheat during cold acclimation. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:657-66. [PMID: 22827600 DOI: 10.1139/o2012-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylation of daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin) to its 8-methyl derivative is catalyzed by a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) O-methyltransferase (TaOMT1). This enzyme is regulated by cold and photosystem II excitation pressure (plastid redox state). Here, we investigated the biological significance of this methylation and its potential role in modulating the activity of kinases in wheat. To identify the potential kinases that may interact with daphnetin in wheat, the soluble protein extract from aerial parts of cold-acclimated wheat was purified by DEAE-cellulose separation and affinity chromatography on a daphnetin derivative (7,8-dihydroxy-4-coumarin acetic acid)-EAH sepharose column. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that wheat phosphoribulokinase (TaPRK) is the major kinase that binds to daphnetin. This TaPRK plays an important role in regulating the flow of carbon through the Calvin cycle, by catalyzing the final step in the regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate from ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) and ATP. The activities of TaPRK, endogenous or recombinant, are inhibited by daphnetin in a specific and dose-dependent manner, but not by its monomethyl derivative (7-methyl, 8-hydroxycoumarin). Furthermore, HPLC-MS analysis of wheat extracts reveals that 7,8-dimethoxycoumarin is more abundant than its monomethyl derivative. The results also show that cold acclimation does not alter the level of TaPRK mRNA or its enzyme activity, and thus ensures the stable generation of ribulose 1,5-biphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Kane
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H2X 3X8, Canada
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