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Seeberger KL, Salama BF, Kelly S, Rosko M, Castro C, DesAulniers J, Korbutt GS. Heterogenous expression of endocrine and progenitor cells within the neonatal porcine pancreatic lobes-Implications for neonatal porcine islet xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2023; 30:e12793. [PMID: 36748727 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) are a source of islets for xenotransplantation. In the pig, the pancreatic lobes remain separate, thus, when optimizing NPI isolation, the pancreatic lobes included in the pancreatic digest should be specified. These lobes are the duodenal (DL), splenic (SL) and connecting (CL) lobe that correspond to the head, body-tail, and uncinate process of the human pancreas. In this study we are the first to evaluate all three neonatal porcine pancreatic lobes and NPIs isolated from these lobes. We report, a significant difference in endocrine and progenitor cell composition between lobes, and observed pancreatic duct glands (PDG) within the mesenchyme surrounding exocrine ducts in the DL and CL. Following in vitro differentiation, NPIs isolated from each lobe differed significantly in the percent increase of endocrine cells and final cell composition. Compared to other recipients, diabetic immunodeficient mice transplanted with NPIs isolated from the SL demonstrated euglycemic control as early as 4 weeks (p < 0.05) and achieved normoglycemia by 6 weeks post-transplant (p < 0.01). For the first time we report significant differences between the neonatal porcine pancreatic lobes and demonstrate that NPIs from these lobes differ in xenograft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Seeberger
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bassem F Salama
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra Kelly
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mandy Rosko
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chelsea Castro
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica DesAulniers
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory S Korbutt
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Mouré A, Bekir S, Bacou E, Pruvost Q, Haurogné K, Allard M, De Beaurepaire L, Bosch S, Riochet D, Gauthier O, Blancho G, Soulillou JP, Poncelet D, Mignot G, Courcoux P, Jegou D, Bach JM, Mosser M. Optimization of an O 2-balanced bioartificial pancreas for type 1 diabetes using statistical design of experiment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4681. [PMID: 35304495 PMCID: PMC8933496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioartificial pancreas (BAP) encapsulating high pancreatic islets concentration is a promising alternative for type 1 diabetes therapy. However, the main limitation of this approach is O2 supply, especially until graft neovascularization. Here, we described a methodology to design an optimal O2-balanced BAP using statistical design of experiment (DoE). A full factorial DoE was first performed to screen two O2-technologies on their ability to preserve pseudo-islet viability and function under hypoxia and normoxia. Then, response surface methodology was used to define the optimal O2-carrier and islet seeding concentrations to maximize the number of viable pseudo-islets in the BAP containing an O2-generator under hypoxia. Monitoring of viability, function and maturation of neonatal pig islets for 15 days in vitro demonstrated the efficiency of the optimal O2-balanced BAP. The findings should allow the design of a more realistic BAP for humans with high islets concentration by maintaining the O2 balance in the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mouré
- Oniris, INRAE, IECM, USC 1383, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - Sawsen Bekir
- Oniris, INRAE, IECM, USC 1383, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - Elodie Bacou
- Oniris, INRAE, IECM, USC 1383, 44300, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Marie Allard
- Oniris, INRAE, IECM, USC 1383, 44300, Nantes, France
| | | | - Steffi Bosch
- Oniris, INRAE, IECM, USC 1383, 44300, Nantes, France
| | - David Riochet
- SSR Pédiatriques ESEAN-APF France Handicap, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- Oniris, Nantes Université, INSERM, RMeS, UMR 1229, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- CRTI, UMR 1064, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France
- ITUN, CHU Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- CRTI, UMR 1064, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France
- ITUN, CHU Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Denis Poncelet
- GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144 FR, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France
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Kuppan P, Kelly S, Seeberger K, Castro C, Rosko M, Pepper AR, Korbutt GS. Bioabsorption of Subcutaneous Nanofibrous Scaffolds Influences the Engraftment and Function of Neonatal Porcine Islets. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061120. [PMID: 35335450 PMCID: PMC8954444 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcutaneous space is currently being pursued as an alternative transplant site for ß-cell replacement therapies due to its retrievability, minimally invasive procedure and potential for graft imaging. However, implantation of ß-cells into an unmodified subcutaneous niche fails to reverse diabetes due to a lack of adequate blood supply. Herein, poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymers were used to make scaffolds and were functionalized with peptides (RGD (Arginine-glycine-aspartate), VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor), laminin) or gelatin to augment engraftment. PCL, PCL + RGD + VEGF (PCL + R + V), PCL + RGD + Laminin (PCL + R + L), PLGA and PLGA + Gelatin (PLGA + G) scaffolds were implanted into the subcutaneous space of immunodeficient Rag mice. After four weeks, neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) were transplanted within the lumen of the scaffolds or under the kidney capsule (KC). Graft function was evaluated by blood glucose, serum porcine insulin, glucose tolerance tests, graft cellular insulin content and histologically. PLGA and PLGA + G scaffold recipients achieved significantly superior euglycemia rates (86% and 100%, respectively) compared to PCL scaffold recipients (0% euglycemic) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, respectively). PLGA scaffolds exhibited superior glucose tolerance (* p < 0.05) and serum porcine insulin secretion (* p < 0.05) compared to PCL scaffolds. Functionalized PLGA + G scaffold recipients exhibited higher total cellular insulin contents compared to PLGA-only recipients (* p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that the bioabsorption of PLGA-based fibrous scaffolds is a key factor that facilitates the function of NPIs transplanted subcutaneously in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushothaman Kuppan
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.K.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (C.C.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sandra Kelly
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.K.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (C.C.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Karen Seeberger
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.K.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (C.C.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Chelsea Castro
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.K.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (C.C.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mandy Rosko
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.K.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (C.C.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Andrew R. Pepper
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.K.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (C.C.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.R.P.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Gregory S. Korbutt
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.K.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (C.C.); (M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.R.P.); (G.S.K.)
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Kuppan P, Seeberger K, Kelly S, Rosko M, Adesida A, Pepper AR, Korbutt GS. Co‐transplantation of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells with neonatal porcine islets within a prevascularized subcutaneous space augments the xenograft function. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12581. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Purushothaman Kuppan
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Karen Seeberger
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Sandra Kelly
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Mandy Rosko
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Adetola Adesida
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Andrew R. Pepper
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Gregory S. Korbutt
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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5
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Salama BF, Seeberger KL, Korbutt GS. Fibrin supports subcutaneous neonatal porcine islet transplantation without the need for pre‐vascularization. Xenotransplantation 2019; 27:e12575. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bassem F. Salama
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Karen L. Seeberger
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Gregory S. Korbutt
- Alberta Diabetes Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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6
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Functional Maturation and In Vitro Differentiation of Neonatal Porcine Islet Grafts. Transplantation 2018; 102:e413-e423. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Li WC, Chen CY, Kao CW, Huang PC, Hsieh YT, Kuo TY, Chen TY, Chia HY, Juang JH. Porcine Neonatal Pancreatic Cell Clusters Maintain Their Multipotency in Culture and After Transplantation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8212. [PMID: 29844347 PMCID: PMC5974285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ductal epithelium is primarily detected in porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs) bearing grafts, suggesting that transplants might exhibit progenitor-like phenotypes. Here we found that soon after NPCC isolation, PDX1+/insulin− and SOX9+ pancreatic progenitor-like cells dramatically increased while dual-hormonal progenitor-like cells were routinely observed in NPCC culture. After transplantation (Tx), insulin+ cells increased and PDX1+ and SOX9+ cells gradually decreased in both non-diabetic (NDM) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DM) grafts over 2 months. Strikingly, a significantly higher percentage of insulin+ cells were detected in 9-day and 16-day, but not in 23-day, 30-day and 60-day grafts implying that hyperglycemia could only facilitate NPCC-derived β cells early post-Tx. A higher percentage of NPCC-derived β cells in early DM grafts was determined via an enhanced neogenic differentiation based on the detection of insulin+ cells budding out from PDX1+/SOX9+ epithelium. Interestingly, a drop in SOX9+ progenitor-like cells was detected 16 days post-Tx in DM grafts whilst PDX1+ cells do not show a significant difference until 60 days post-Tx between DM and NDM grafts, demonstrating that distinct progenitor-like populations fuel new β cells post-Tx. In conclusion, PDX1+/SOX9+ cells could be quickly activated after NPCC isolation, maintain their multipotency in culture and differentiate into new β cell post-Tx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Li
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Kao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Huang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ta Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ying Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Chia
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyuhn-Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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8
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Abraham S, Kuppan P, Raj S, Salama B, Korbutt GS, Montemagno CD. Developing Hybrid Polymer Scaffolds Using Peptide Modified Biopolymers for Cell Implantation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2215-2222. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinoj Abraham
- IngenuityLab, National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Shammy Raj
- IngenuityLab, National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | | | | | - Carlo D. Montemagno
- IngenuityLab, National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
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9
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Hayward JA, Ellis CE, Seeberger K, Lee T, Salama B, Mulet-Sierra A, Kuppan P, Adesida A, Korbutt GS. Cotransplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Neonatal Porcine Islets Improve Graft Function in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2017; 66:1312-1321. [PMID: 28246290 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and proangiogenic properties and, therefore, have the potential to improve islet engraftment and survival. We assessed the effect human bone marrow-derived MSCs have on neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) in vitro and determined islet engraftment and metabolic outcomes when cotransplanted in a mouse model. NPIs cocultured with MSCs had greater cellular insulin content and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. NPIs were cotransplanted with or without MSCs in diabetic B6.129S7-Rag1tm1Mom/J mice. Blood glucose and weight were monitored until reversal of diabetes; mice were then given an oral glucose tolerance test. Islet grafts were assessed for the degree of vascularization and total cellular insulin content. Cotransplantation of NPIs and MSCs resulted in significantly earlier normoglycemia and vascularization, improved glucose tolerance, and increased insulin content. One experiment conducted with MSCs from a donor with an autoimmune disorder had no positive effects on transplant outcomes. Cotransplantation of human MSCs with NPIs demonstrated a beneficial metabolic effect likely as a result of earlier islet vascularization and improved islet engraftment. In addition, donor pathology of MSCs can influence the functional capacity of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Hayward
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cara E Ellis
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Seeberger
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Lee
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bassem Salama
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Purushothaman Kuppan
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adetola Adesida
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory S Korbutt
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes is medical and social burden affecting millions around the world. Despite intensive therapy, insulin fails to maintain adequate glucose homeostasis and often results in episodes of hypoglycemic unawareness. Islet transplantation is a propitious replacement therapy, and incremental improvements in islet isolation and immunosuppressive drugs have made this procedure a feasible option. Shortage of donors, graft loss, and toxic immunosuppressive agents are few of many hurdles against making human allogenic islet transplantation a routine procedure. RECENT FINDINGS Xenografts-especially pig islets-offer a logical alternative source for islets. Current preclinical studies have revealed problems such as optimal islet source, zoonosis, and immune rejection. These issues are slowing clinical application. Genetically modified pigs, encapsulation devices, and new immune-suppressive regimens can confer graft protection. In addition, extrahepatic transplant sites are showing promising results. Notwithstanding few approved clinical human trials, and available data from non-human primates, recent reports indicate that porcine islets are closer to be the promising solution to cure diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem F Salama
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 5.002 Li Ka Shing Bldg, 8602 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory S Korbutt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 5.002 Li Ka Shing Bldg, 8602 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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11
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Krishnan R, Truong N, Gerges M, Stiewig M, Neel N, Ho-Nguyen K, Kummerfeld C, Alexander M, Spizzo T, Martin M, Foster CE, Monuki ES, Lakey JRT. Impact of donor age and weaning status on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tissue maturation in pigs. Xenotransplantation 2016; 22:356-67. [PMID: 26381493 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the process of islet isolation, pancreatic enzymes are activated and released, adversely affecting islet survival and function. We hypothesize that the exocrine component of pancreases harvested from pre-weaned juvenile pigs is immature and hence pancreatic tissue from these donors is protected from injury during isolation and prolonged tissue culture. METHODS Biopsy specimens taken from pancreases harvested from neonatal (5-10 days), pre-weaned juvenile (18-22 days), weaned juvenile (45-60 days), and young adult pigs (>90 days) were fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Sections were examined under a fluorescent microscope to evaluate exocrine zymogen fluorescence intensity (ZFI) and under an electron microscope to evaluate exocrine zymogen granule density (ZGD). RESULTS Exocrine content estimation showed significantly lower ZFI and ZGD in juvenile pig pancreases (1.5 ± 0.04 U/μm(2) , ZFI; 1.03 ± 0.07 × 10(3) /100 μm(2) , ZGD) compared to young adult pigs (2.4 ± 0.05U/μm(2) , ZFI; 1.53 ± 0.08 × 10(3) /100 μm(2) ZGD). Islets in juvenile pig pancreases were on average smaller (105.2 ± 11.2 μm) than islets in young adult pigs (192 ± 7.7 μm), but their insulin content was comparable (80.9 ± 2.2% juvenile; 84.2 ± 0.3% young adult, P > 0.05). All data expressed as mean ± SEM. CONCLUSION Porcine islet xenotransplantation continues to make strides toward utilization in clinical trials of type 1 diabetes. Porcine donor age and weaning status influence the extent of exocrine maturation of the pancreas. Juvenile porcine pancreases may represent an alternative donor source for islet xenotransplantation as their exocrine component is relatively immature; this preserves islet viability during extended tissue culture following isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nhat Truong
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Marina Gerges
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Stiewig
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Neel
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - KhueTu Ho-Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Tom Spizzo
- SpringPoint Project, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Clarence E Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Edwin S Monuki
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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12
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Wolf-van Buerck L, Schuster M, Baehr A, Mayr T, Guethoff S, Abicht J, Reichart B, Nam-Apostolopoulos YC, Klymiuk N, Wolf E, Seissler J. Engraftment and reversal of diabetes after intramuscular transplantation of neonatal porcine islet-like clusters. Xenotransplantation 2015; 22:443-50. [PMID: 26490671 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraportal infusion is currently the method of choice for clinical islet cell transplantation but suffers from poor efficacy. As the liver may not represent an optimal transplantation site for Langerhans islets, we examined the potential of neonatal porcine islet-like clusters (NPICCs) to engraft in skeletal muscle as an alternative transplantation site. METHODS Neonatal porcine islet-like clusters were isolated from 2- to 5-day-old piglets and either transplanted under the kidney capsule (s.k.) or injected into the lower hindlimb muscle (i.m.) of streptozotocin-diabetic NOD-SCID IL2rγ(-/-) (NSG) mice. Survival, vascularization, maturation, and functional activity were analyzed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Intramuscular transplantation of NPICCs resulted in development of normoglycemia and restored glucose homeostasis. Time to reversal of diabetes and glucose tolerance (AUC glucose and AUC insulin) did not significantly differ as compared to s.k. transplantation. Intramuscular grafts exhibited rapid neovascularization and graft composition with cytokeratin-positive ductal cells and beta cells at post-transplant weeks 2 and 8 and after establishment of normoglycemia was comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular injection represents a minimally invasive but efficient alternative for transplantation of NPICCs and, thus, offers an attractive alternative site for xenotransplantation approaches. These findings may have important implications for improving the outcome and the monitoring of pig islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelia Wolf-van Buerck
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV-Campus Innenstadt, Diabetes Zentrum, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.,Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Marion Schuster
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV-Campus Innenstadt, Diabetes Zentrum, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.,Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Andrea Baehr
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.,Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Tanja Mayr
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Sonja Guethoff
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Jan Abicht
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | | | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.,Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.,Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV-Campus Innenstadt, Diabetes Zentrum, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.,Transregio Collaborative Research Center 127, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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13
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Ellis C, Lyon JG, Korbutt GS. Optimization and Scale-up Isolation and Culture of Neonatal Porcine Islets: Potential for Clinical Application. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:539-47. [PMID: 26377964 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One challenge that must be overcome to allow transplantation of neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) to become a clinical reality is defining a reproducible and scalable protocol for the efficient preparation of therapeutic quantities of clinical grade NPIs. In our standard protocol, we routinely isolate NPIs from a maximum of four pancreases, requiring tissue culture in 16 Petri dishes (four per pancreas) in Ham's F10 and bovine serum albumin (BSA). We have now developed a scalable and technically simpler protocol that allows us to isolate NPIs from a minimum of 12 pancreases at a time by employing automated tissue chopping, collagenase digestion in a single vessel, and tissue culture/media changes in 75% fewer Petri dishes. For culture, BSA is replaced with human serum albumin and supplemented with Z-VAD-FMK general caspase inhibitor and a protease inhibitor cocktail. The caspase inhibitor was added to the media for only the first 90 min of culture. NPIs isolated using the scalable protocol had significantly more cellular insulin recovered (56.9 ± 1.4 µg) when compared to the standard protocol (15.0 ± 0.5 µg; p < 0.05). Compared to our standard protocol, recovery of β-cells (6.0 × 10(6) ± 0.2 vs. 10.0 × 10(6) ± 0.4; p < 0.05) and islet equivalents (35,135 ± 186 vs. 41,810 ± 226; p < 0.05) was significantly higher using the scalable protocol. During a static glucose stimulation assay, the SI of islets isolated by the standard protocol were significantly lower than the scale-up protocol (4.3 ± 0.2 vs. 5.5 ± 0.1; p < 0.05). Mice transplanted with NPIs using the scalable protocol had significantly lower blood glucose levels than the mice that receiving NPIs from the standard protocol (p < 0.01) and responded significantly better to a glucose tolerance test. Based on the above findings, this improved simpler scalable protocol is a significantly more efficient means for preparing therapeutic quantities of clinical grade NPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ellis
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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14
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Nagaraju S, Bottino R, Wijkstrom M, Trucco M, Cooper DKC. Islet xenotransplantation: what is the optimal age of the islet-source pig? Xenotransplantation 2014; 22:7-19. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Nagaraju
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Division of Immunogenetics; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Martin Wijkstrom
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Division of Immunogenetics; Department of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - David K. C. Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
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15
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Shin S, Shin JE, Yoo YJ. Attachment of alginate microcapsules onto plasma-treated PDMS sheet for retrieval after transplantation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:617-22. [PMID: 23668815 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although transplantation of microencapsulated islets has been proposed as a therapy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, limited retrievability of the cells has impeded its medical usage. To achieve retrieval of microencapsulated islets, capsules were attached to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a biocompatible adhesive. Because the hydrophobic nature of the PDMS surface prevents attachment, surface modification is essential. Alginate microcapsules were attached to modified PDMS sheets, and the mechanical stability of the resulting constructs was determined. Acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) mixtures were grafted on the surfaces of PDMS sheets using a two-step oxygen plasma treatment (TSPT). TSPT-PDMS was characterized according to water contact angle and zeta-potential measurements. The contact angle was altered by changing the ratio of AM to AA to generate hydrophilic surface. Evaluation of the surface charge at pH 2, 7, and 12 confirmed the presence of polar groups on the modified surface. Microcapsules were attached to TSPT-PDMS using Histoacryl® and shown to be in a monolayered and half-exposed state. The shear stress resistance of alginate capsules attached to the PDMS sheet indicates the possibility of transplantation of encapsulated cells without scattering in vivo. This method is applicable to retrieve microencapsulated porcine islets when required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojeong Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Bruin JE, Rezania A, Xu J, Narayan K, Fox JK, O'Neil JJ, Kieffer TJ. Maturation and function of human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors in macroencapsulation devices following transplant into mice. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1987-98. [PMID: 23771205 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Islet transplantation is a promising cell therapy for patients with diabetes, but it is currently limited by the reliance upon cadaveric donor tissue. We previously demonstrated that human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived pancreatic progenitor cells matured under the kidney capsule in a mouse model of diabetes into glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells capable of reversing diabetes. However, the formation of cells resembling bone and cartilage was a major limitation of that study. Therefore, we developed an improved differentiation protocol that aimed to prevent the formation of off-target mesoderm tissue following transplantation. We also examined how variation within the complex host environment influenced the development of pancreatic progenitors in vivo. METHODS The hESCs were differentiated for 14 days into pancreatic progenitor cells and transplanted either under the kidney capsule or within Theracyte (TheraCyte, Laguna Hills, CA, USA) devices into diabetic mice. RESULTS Our revised differentiation protocol successfully eliminated the formation of non-endodermal cell populations in 99% of transplanted mice and generated grafts containing >80% endocrine cells. Progenitor cells developed efficiently into pancreatic endocrine tissue within macroencapsulation devices, despite lacking direct contact with the host environment, and reversed diabetes within 3 months. The preparation of cell aggregates pre-transplant was critical for the formation of insulin-producing cells in vivo and endocrine cell development was accelerated within a diabetic host environment compared with healthy mice. Neither insulin nor exendin-4 therapy post-transplant affected the maturation of macroencapsulated cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Efficient differentiation of hESC-derived pancreatic endocrine cells can occur in a macroencapsulation device, yielding glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells capable of reversing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Bruin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 5308-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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17
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Shin S, Yoo YJ. Separation of empty microcapsules after microencapsulation of porcine neonatal islets. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:2185-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Valdes-Gonzalez R, Rodriguez-Ventura AL, White DJG, Bracho-Blanchet E, Castillo A, Ramírez-González B, López-Santos MG, León-Mancilla BH, Dorantes LM. Long-term follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes transplanted with neonatal pig islets. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:537-42. [PMID: 20964645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreas transplantation is an option to achieve better metabolic control and decrease chronic complications in patients with diabetes. Xenotransplantation becomes an important alternative. In this study, we show the clinical outcome of patients with type 1 diabetes transplanted with neonatal pig islets without immunosuppression. In a longitudinal study of 23 patients with type 1 diabetes, who received porcine islets between 2000 and 2004, we registered demographic and clinical characteristics every 3 months and chronic complications evaluation yearly. Porcine C-peptide was measured in urine samples under basal conditions and after stimulation with l-arginine. More than 50% were female, median current age was 20·8 years, median diabetes duration at transplantation 5·5 years, median current diabetes duration 11 years and median time post-transplantation 5·7 years. Their media of glycosylated haemoglobin reduced significantly after the first transplantation. Insulin doses remain with a reduction greater than 33% in more than 50% of the patients. Before transplantation, 14 of the 21 patients presented mild chronic complications and currently only two patients presented these complications. Porcine C-peptide was present in all urine samples under basal conditions and increased post-stimulation with l-arginine. These patients achieved an excellent metabolic control after the first transplantation. This could explain, as well as the remaining function of transplanted cells, the low frequency of chronic complications compared to patients with similar diabetes duration and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valdes-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Terapia Celular, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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19
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Cohen S, Tchorsh-Yutsis D, Aronovich A, Tal O, Eventov-Friedman S, Katchman H, Klionsky Y, Shezen E, Reisner Y. Growth enhancement by embryonic fibroblasts upon cotransplantation of noncommitted pig embryonic tissues with fully committed organs. Transplantation 2010; 89:1198-207. [PMID: 20195218 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181d720fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently defined the optimal gestational time windows for the transplantation of several embryonic tissues. We showed that the liver and kidney obtained from E28 pig embryos can grow and differentiate normally after transplantation, whereas 1 week earlier in gestation, these tissues develop into teratoma-like structures or fibrotic mass. In this study, we investigated whether cotransplantation of E28 with E21 tissue could control its tumorogenic potential, or alternatively whether the stem cells derived from the earlier tissue contribute to the growth of the more committed one. METHODS Pig embryonic precursors from E21 and E28 gestational age were transplanted alone or together, into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice, and their growth and differentiation was evaluated by immunohistology. In situ analysis, based on sex disparity between the E21 and E28 tissues, was used to identify the tissue source. In some experiments, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were cotransplanted with E28 liver, and their effect was evaluated. RESULTS E28 tissues could not abrogate the propensity of the cells within the undifferentiated tissue to form teratoma-like structures. However, E21 kidney or liver tissue markedly enhanced the growth and function of E28 kidney, liver, and heart grafts. Moreover, similar growth enhancement was observed on coimplantation of E28 liver tissue with MEF or on infusion of MEF culture medium, indicating that this enhancement is likely mediated through soluble factors secreted by the fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a novel approach for the enhancement of growth and differentiation of transplanted embryonic tissues by the use of soluble factors secreted by embryonic fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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20
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Baertschiger RM, Buhler LH. Xenotransplantation literature update May-August, 2007. Xenotransplantation 2007; 14:642-52. [PMID: 17991153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2007.00431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reto M Baertschiger
- Surgical Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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