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Gluvic Z, Obradovic M, Manojlovic M, Vincenza Giglio R, Maria Patti A, Ciaccio M, Suri JS, Rizzo M, Isenovic ER. Impact of different hormones on the regulation of nitric oxide in diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112325. [PMID: 38968968 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Polymetabolic syndrome achieved pandemic proportions and dramatically influenced public health systems functioning worldwide. Chronic vascular complications are the major contributors to increased morbidity, disability, and mortality rates in diabetes patients. Nitric oxide (NO) is among the most important vascular bed function regulators. However, NO homeostasis is significantly deranged in pathological conditions. Additionally, different hormones directly or indirectly affect NO production and activity and subsequently act on vascular physiology. In this paper, we summarize the recent literature data related to the effects of insulin, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor-1, ghrelin, angiotensin II and irisin on the NO regulation in physiological and diabetes circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Gluvic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mia Manojlovic
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Vittorio Emanuele II" Hospital, Castelvetrano, Italy
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Iram S, Rahman S, Choi I, Kim J. Insight into the function of tetranectin in human diseases: A review and prospects for tetranectin-targeted disease treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23512. [PMID: 38187250 PMCID: PMC10770464 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetranectin (TN), a serum protein, is closely associated with different types of cancers. TN binds plasminogen and promotes the proteolytic activation of plasminogen into plasmin, which suggests that TN is involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix and cancer tissues during cancer development. TN is also associated with other diseases, such as developmental disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, inflammation, and diabetes. Although the functional mechanism of TN in diseases is not fully elucidated, TN binds different proteins, such as structural protein, a growth factor, and a transcription regulator. Moreover, TN changes and regulates protein functions, indicating that TN-binding proteins mediate the association between TN and diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TN-associated diseases and TN functions with TN-binding proteins in different diseases. In addition, potential TN-targeted disease treatment by inhibiting the interaction between TN and its binding proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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3
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Liu F, Cai Z, Yang Y, Plasko G, Zhao P, Wu X, Tang C, Li D, Li T, Hu S, Song L, Yu S, Xu R, Luo H, Fan L, Wang E, Xiao Z, Ji Y, Zeng R, Li R, Bai J, Zhou Z, Liu F, Zhang J. The adipocyte-enriched secretory protein tetranectin exacerbates type 2 diabetes by inhibiting insulin secretion from β cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1799. [PMID: 36129988 PMCID: PMC9491725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell failure is a hallmark of diabetes. However, the causes of β cell failure remain incomplete. Here, we report the identification of tetranectin (TN), an adipose tissue-enriched secretory molecule, as a negative regulator of insulin secretion in β cells in diabetes. TN expression is stimulated by high glucose in adipocytes via the p38 MAPK/TXNIP/thioredoxin/OCT4 signaling pathway, and elevated serum TN levels are associated with diabetes. TN treatment greatly exacerbates hyperglycemia in mice and suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets. Conversely, knockout of TN or neutralization of TN function notably improves insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice. Mechanistically, TN binds with high selectivity to β cells and inhibits insulin secretion by blocking L-type Ca2+ channels. Our study uncovers an adipocyte-β cell cross-talk that contributes to β cell dysfunction in diabetes and suggests that neutralization of TN levels may provide a new treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zixin Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - George Plasko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyue Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Liver Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shanbiao Hu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Libin Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ersong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujiao Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Juli Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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4
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Hertiš Petek T, Petek T, Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:894. [PMID: 35624760 PMCID: PMC9137597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that cerebrovascular diseases and processes of atherosclerosis originate in the childhood era and are largely influenced by chronic inflammation. Some features of vascular dysfunction in adulthood may even be programmed prenatally via genetic influences and an unfavorable intrauterine milieu. Oxidative stress, defined by an imbalance between the production and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the capability of an organism to scavenge these molecules via antioxidant mechanisms, has been linked to adverse cardiovascular health in adults, yet has not been systematically reviewed in the pediatric population. We performed a systematic search as per the PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Reviews and detected, in total, 1228 potentially eligible pediatric articles on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant use, cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction. The abstracts and full-text manuscripts of these were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total of 160 articles were included. The results indicate that systemic inflammation and oxidative stress influence cardiovascular health in many chronic pediatric conditions, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and obstructive sleep apnea. Exercise and diet may diminish ROS formation and enhance the total serum antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant supplementation may, in selected conditions, contribute to the diminution of the oxidative state and improve endothelial function; yet, in many areas, studies provide unsatisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Hertiš Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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5
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Ezzat SM, Abdel Rahman MF, Salama MM, Mahrous EA, El Bariary A. Non-polar metabolites of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) potentiate the antidiabetic activity of mesenchymal stem cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14083. [PMID: 35034354 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are consumed as pods or mature seeds (common beans). The pods were extracted with 95% ethanol and processed to prepare non-polar and polar fractions. Comparing the antihyperglycemic activity of both fractions, non-polar fraction (NPF, 200 mg kg-1 day-1 ) lowered blood glucose in streptozotocin diabetic rats by 65% compared to 57% for the polar fraction at the same dose. When NPF treatment was combined with injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) a 4.4-fold increase in serum insulin and a 73.6% reduction in blood glucose were observed compared to untreated control. Additionally, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (76.2%), nitric oxide (68.2%), cholesterol (76.1%), and triglycerides (69.5%) and a 1.75-fold increase in HDL concentrations were observed in the group treated with this combination compared to diabetic animals. Interestingly, NPF increased homing of MSC in pancreas potentiating their antidiabetic activity. Finally, 26 compounds were identified in NPF using LC/MS analysis and four were isolated in pure form. The isolated compounds namely calotroproceryl acetate, fridelin, calotroproceryl A, and stigmasterol showed good inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase with IC50 at 1.93, 1.07, 1.34 and 1.44-1 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, these compounds inhibited α-amylase, albeit at higher concentration, with IC50 at 248, 212, 254, and 155 μg/ml for calotroproceryl acetate, fridelin, calotroproceryl A, and stigmasterol, respectively. Our results suggest that green beans extract can potentiate effect of MSC in diabetes directly due to its own antidiabetic effect and indirectly by increasing MSC homing in pancreatic tissues. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It has been suggested in this study that green beans can improve hyperglycemia, oxidative balance in diabetes, so green beans can be promoted as a healthy nutrient for diabetic patients. Green beans also can enhance homing and differentiation of mesnchymal stem cells in the pancreas for future stem cell therapy of type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abdel Rahman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany El Bariary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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6
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Cao L, Hou M, Zhou W, Sun L, Shen J, Chen Y, Tang Y, Wang B, Li X, Lv H. Decreased Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Angiology 2021; 72:908-915. [PMID: 33896228 DOI: 10.1177/00033197211010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is an early noninvasive marker of endothelial function and it predicts future cardiovascular disease. However, the changes in FMD among T1DM children are still controversial. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether FMD is impaired in children with T1DM. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science were searched for studies comparing FMD in children with T1DM and healthy controls. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for case-control studies was used to assess study quality. Data were pooled using a random effects models to obtain the weighted mean differences (WMD) in FMD and 95% CIs. Overall, 19 studies with 1245 patients and 872 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. Children with T1DM had significantly lower FMDs compared with healthy controls (WMD: -2.58; 95% CI: -3.36 to -1.81; P < .001). Meta-regression analysis revealed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels impacted the observed difference in FMD between T1DM and healthy children. This meta-analysis showed that T1DM children have impaired endothelial function, which indicates they are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjia Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Mohammad JA, Fathi ZH, Allwash TA. Assessment the effects of insulin on adiponectin, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase and lipid profile in type 1 diabetic patients. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e63449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is well recognized risk factor cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insulin therapy is recommended for all patients with type 1 diabetes. Previous findings showed that diabetes impairs endothelial function and increased glucose level reduces nitric oxide (NO) output and increases myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. However, adiponectin (APN) decreases serum glucose levels. The current study evaluated effects of insulin therapy on circulating levels of oxidative stress and CVD biomarkers like NO, APN, MPO, AIP and lipid profile in type 1 diabetic patients. Fifty patients with T1DM and 18 healthy people were enrolled in this study. The recruited people with T1DM were classified into two groups: 22 newly diagnosed (untreated) type 1 diabetic patients and 28 insulin treated patients. In all groups, circulating NO, APN, MPO, AIP and lipids levels were measured. Compared to control, untreated diabetes revealed a significant increase in the serum levels of APN, MPO, TG, VLDL, TC, LDL and AIP, with a marked reduction in NO and HDL levels. However, insulin therapy significantly lowered MPO, TC and LDL, with no significant changes in the other biochemical parameters. As expected, oxidative stress and CVD-associated markers were significantly increased in untreated diabetes. Insulin therapy exhibited a relatively positive effect on oxidative stress and CVD biomarkers. Accordingly, insulin plus antioxidant supplementation required to normalize these parameters.
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8
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Newton KP, Lavine JE, Wilson L, Behling C, Vos MB, Molleston JP, Rosenthal P, Miloh T, Fishbein MH, Jain AK, Murray KF, Schwimmer JB. Alanine Aminotransferase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Predict Histologic Improvement in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2021; 73:937-951. [PMID: 32416645 PMCID: PMC7669708 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Predictive, noninvasive tools are needed to monitor key features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children that relate to improvement in liver histology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between liver chemistries and liver histology using data from the CyNCh (Cysteamine Bitartrate Delayed-Release for the Treatment of NAFLD in Children) clinical trial. APPROACH AND RESULTS This study included 146 children. Improvement in liver histology, defined as decrease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Activity Score ≥2 points without worsening of fibrosis, occurred in 43 participants (30%). There were 46 participants with borderline zone 1 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) at baseline, with resolution in 28% (12 of 46). Multivariate models were constructed using baseline and change in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) at 52 weeks, for improvement in (1) liver histology primary outcome, (2) borderline zone 1 NASH, and (3) fibrosis. For improvement in histology, the model (P < 0.0001) retained baseline and change in GGT (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.87). For borderline zone 1 NASH, the model (P = 0.0004) retained baseline and change in ALT (AUROC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.93). For fibrosis, the model (P < 0.001) retained baseline and change in ALT (AUROC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.93). Additional clinical parameters were added to the models using Akaike's information criterion selection, and significantly boosted performance: improvement in histology with AUROC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.95), borderline zone 1 NASH with AUROC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.83-0.99), and fibrosis with AUROC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.94). Models were validated using data from the TONIC (Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children) trial. CONCLUSIONS In children with NAFLD, dynamic changes in serum ALT and GGT are associated with change in liver histology and appear to be powerful indicators of histological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P Newton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCA.,Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of PediatricsRady Children's HospitalSan DiegoCA
| | - Joel E Lavine
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Laura Wilson
- Department of EpidemiologyBloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD.,Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Cynthia Behling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCA.,Department of PathologySharp Medical CenterSan DiegoCA
| | - Miriam B Vos
- Department of PediatricsEmory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGA
| | | | - Philip Rosenthal
- Departments of Pediatrics & SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | - Tamir Miloh
- Department of PediatricsTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTX
| | - Mark H Fishbein
- Department of PediatricsAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Ajay K Jain
- Department of PediatricsSaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMI
| | - Karen F Murray
- Department of PediatricsCleveland Clinic Children's HospitalClevelandOH
| | - Jeffrey B Schwimmer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCA.,Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of PediatricsRady Children's HospitalSan DiegoCA
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9
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Deng LL. Astragaloside IV as Potential Antioxidant Against Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Juvenile Mice Through Activating JNK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:654-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Wright WS, Eshaq RS, Lee M, Kaur G, Harris NR. Retinal Physiology and Circulation: Effect of Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:933-974. [PMID: 32941691 PMCID: PMC10088460 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present a discussion of diabetes and its complications, including the macrovascular and microvascular effects, with the latter of consequence to the retina. We will discuss the anatomy and physiology of the retina, including aspects of metabolism and mechanisms of oxygenation, with the latter accomplished via a combination of the retinal and choroidal blood circulations. Both of these vasculatures are altered in diabetes, with the retinal circulation intimately involved in the pathology of diabetic retinopathy. The later stages of diabetic retinopathy involve poorly controlled angiogenesis that is of great concern, but in our discussion, we will focus more on several alterations in the retinal circulation occurring earlier in the progression of disease, including reductions in blood flow and a possible redistribution of perfusion that may leave some areas of the retina ischemic and hypoxic. Finally, we include in this article a more recent area of investigation regarding the diabetic retinal vasculature, that is, the alterations to the endothelial surface layer that normally plays a vital role in maintaining physiological functions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:933-974, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Randa S Eshaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Minsup Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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11
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MicroRNA-423 may regulate diabetic vasculopathy. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:469-477. [PMID: 31422516 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that microRNAs may play a role in diabetic retinopathy, we measured the levels of different markers [microRNAs, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAO)] in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and microvascular complications. Sixty-nine patients were recruited: 22 healthy subjects, ten T2DM patients without retinopathy, 22 with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 15 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Serum levels of NO, VEGF, TAO and 16 candidate microRNAs were measured. Additionally, the mRNA levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), induced NOS (iNOS), C reactive protein (CRP), VEGF, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), PON2, p22, and SOD2 were measured in human vascular endothelial cells cultured in the presence of pooled sera from the subject groups. Plasma miR-423 levels showed a significant ~ twofold decrease in patients with PDR compared to controls. P lasma NO levels were significantly higher in retinopathy, VEGF levels were significantly lower, and TAO was significantly decreased. eNOS mRNA levels were lower in the cells of T2DM patients without retinopathy, but higher in PDR. PON2, p22, and SOD2 mRNA levels were all significantly lower in PDR. CRP, TNFα, iNOS, and VEGF mRNA levels showed no significant association with disease status. Lowered miR-423 levels in diabetic patients showed a correlation with VEGF and an inverse correlation between NO and eNOS expression. Our findings suggest a cross talk between miR-423 and VEGF signaling, affecting eNOS function. miR-423 may be involved in the regulation of diabetic vascular retinal proliferation.
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Abdel-Moneim A, El-Senousy WM, Abdel-Latif M, Khalil RG. Association between Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Enterovirus-Infected Type 1 Diabetic Children. Med Princ Pract 2018; 27:86-91. [PMID: 29320773 PMCID: PMC5968231 DOI: 10.1159/000486718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of infection with Enterovirus (EV) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on the activities of serum antioxidant enzymes in diabetic and nondiabetic controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three hundred and eighty-two diabetic and 100 nondiabetic children were tested for EV RNA using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. The activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were also estimated in diabetic patients infected with EV (T1D-EV+), those not infected with EV (T1D-EV-), and in nondiabetic controls. RESULTS The frequency of EV was higher in diabetic children (100/382; 26.2%) than in healthy controls (0/100). Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher but C-peptide was significantly lower in diabetic children than in controls. CRP levels were higher in the T1D-EV+ group than in the T1D-EV- group, and higher in all diabetic children than in nondiabetic controls. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes GPx, SOD, and CAT decreased significantly in diabetic children compared to in controls. Moreover, the activities of the enzymes tested were significantly reduced in the T1D-EV+ group compared to in the T1D-EV- group. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that EV infection correlated with a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the T1D-EV+ group compared to in the T1D-EV- group; this may contribute to β cell damage and increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Waled M. El-Senousy
- Department of Water Pollution Research, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Latif
- Immunity Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab G. Khalil
- Immunity Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Assmann TS, Brondani LA, Bouças AP, Rheinheimer J, de Souza BM, Canani LH, Bauer AC, Crispim D. Nitric oxide levels in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nitric Oxide 2016; 61:1-9. [PMID: 27677584 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered serum nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been reported by different studies; however, results are still controversial. Until this date, no meta-analysis evaluated the association of NO levels with DM. Thus, this paper describes a meta-analysis conducted to evaluate if there is a relationship between NO levels and type 1 DM (T1DM) or type 2 DM (T2DM). METHODS A literature search was done to identify all studies that investigated NO levels between T1DM or T2DM patients (cases) and non-diabetic subjects (controls). Measurement of nitrate and nitrite (NOx - the stable NO products) were used to estimate NO concentrations because they closely reflect NO bioavailability. Weighted mean differences (WMD) of NOx levels between case and control samples were calculated for T1DM and T2DM groups. RESULTS Thirty studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis (8 in T1DM samples and 22 in T2DM samples). NOx levels were increased in European T1DM patients compared with controls [random effect model (REM) WMD = 8.55, 95% CI 2.88 - 14.21]. No other ethnicity was evaluated in T1DM studies. NOx levels were also increased in both European (REM WMD = 18.76, 95% CI 1.67 - 35.85) and Asian (REM WMD = 18.41, 95% CI 8.01 - 28.81) T2DM patients, but not in Latin American patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis detected a significant increase in NOx levels in European T1DM patients as well as European and Asian T2DM patients. Further studies in other ethnicities are necessary to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís S Assmann
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia A Brondani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Bouças
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Rheinheimer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca M de Souza
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís H Canani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Bauer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Anaruma CP, Ferreira M, Sponton CHG, Delbin MA, Zanesco A. Heart rate variability and plasma biomarkers in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Effect of a bout of aerobic exercise. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 111:19-27. [PMID: 26678666 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate: (1) the cardiovascular parameters and plasma biomarkers in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at baseline; and (2) the heart rate variability (HRV) and blood glucose in response to a session of aerobic exercise (AE) and during recovery period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adults (18-35 years) were divided into two groups: control (CT, n=10) and T1DM (n=9). Anthropometric, cardiovascular, and biochemical parameters, and aerobic capacity (indirect peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak) were evaluated at baseline. Thirty minutes of AE (40-60% intensity) was performed on a treadmill. Blood glucose and HRV were determined at rest, during AE, and during the recovery period. RESULTS Anthropometric measurements, cardiovascular parameters, aerobic capacity, and biochemical parameters were similar between the groups at baseline. In the T1DM group, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations were increased while nitrite/nitrate (NOx(-)) levels were reduced. During AE, the magnitude of the reduction of blood glucose was greater than that during the recovery period in the T1DM group. The RR intervals and SDNN were reduced at rest as well as in the recovery period in T1DM subjects, whereas the RMSSD and pNN50 were only reduced during the recovery period. No changes were observed in low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio. CONCLUSION Our study shows that T1DM patients on insulin therapy have poor blood glucose control with greater lipid peroxidation and lower NOx(-) levels, accompanied by an imbalance in autonomic function detected by the challenge of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi P Anaruma
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maycon Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H G Sponton
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP - University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelina Zanesco
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Maahs DM, Daniels SR, de Ferranti SD, Dichek HL, Flynn J, Goldstein BI, Kelly AS, Nadeau KJ, Martyn-Nemeth P, Osganian SK, Quinn L, Shah AS, Urbina E. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in youth with diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014; 130:1532-58. [PMID: 25170098 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Physical exercise is firmly incorporated in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), due to multiple recognized beneficial health effects (cardiovascular disease prevention being preeminent). When glycemic values are not excessively low or high at the time of exercise, few absolute contraindications exist; practical guidelines regarding amount, type, and duration of age-appropriate exercise are regularly updated by entities such as the American Diabetes Association and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. Practical implementation of exercise regimens, however, may at times be problematic. In the poorly controlled patient, specific structural changes may occur within skeletal muscle fiber, which is considered by some to be a disease-specific myopathy. Further, even in well-controlled patients, several homeostatic mechanisms regulating carbohydrate metabolism often become impaired, causing hypo- or hyperglycemia during and/or after exercise. Some altered responses may be related to inappropriate exogenous insulin administration, but are often also partly caused by the "metabolic memory" of prior glycemic events. In this context, prior hyperglycemia correlates with increased inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, possibly modulating key exercise-associated cardio-protective pathways. Similarly, prior hypoglycemia correlates with impaired glucose counterregulation, resulting in greater likelihood of further hypoglycemia to develop. Additional exercise responses that may be altered in T1DM include growth factor release, which may be especially important in children and adolescents. These multiple alterations in the exercise response should not discourage physical activity in patients with T1DM, but rather should stimulate the quest for the identification of the exercise formats that maximize beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Galassetti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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Ceriotti F, Cappelletti P, Caputo M, Di Serio F, Messeri G, Ottomano C, Plebani M, Soffiati G. A risk-analysis approach to the evaluation of analytical quality. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 50:67-71. [PMID: 21958343 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Setting specifications for analytical quality is always difficult. The risk-management approach might be a way to do so. In this approach, the definition of the required analytical quality is based on the evaluation of patient risk. Risk derives from the probability of error and from the damage that such an error might cause. METHODS Eight Italian laboratories took part in this experiment. Measurements of glucose and total calcium were taken as examples. Analytical quality was evaluated using a specific ring trial with a frozen serum pool and by means of internal quality-control data. The total allowable error was defined according to biological variation specifications. The probability of error was extracted from the imprecision and comparative bias data of each laboratory. The damage caused by a wrong result was evaluated using the absolute probability judgment approach. RESULTS According to the iso-risk plots (standardized hyperboles on a graph where the x-axis represents damage and the y-axis represents probability) for glucose, all the laboratories were working with an analytical quality that guaranteed low risk for patients. On the contrary, for total calcium none of the laboratories exhibited sufficient quality to guarantee low risk for patients, the presence of bias being the most relevant problem. CONCLUSIONS The results seem to demonstrate the applicability of the risk approach to the analytical phase, indicating a new possible way to define analytical quality targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferruccio Ceriotti
- Diagnostica e Ricerca San Raffaele, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Korczak DJ, Pereira S, Koulajian K, Matejcek A, Giacca A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder: evidence for a biological link. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2483-93. [PMID: 21789690 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A growing body of research suggests that the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus is significantly higher than that of youth without type 1 diabetes and is associated with increased illness severity. The objective of this article is to review the current literature on the pathophysiology of these two common diseases with respect to potential areas of overlapping biological dysfunction. METHODS A search of English language articles published between 1966 and 2010 was conducted and augmented with manual review of reference lists from the identified publications. RESULTS The evidence suggests plausible mechanisms whereby a biological relationship between type 1 diabetes and MDD may exist. These include the effects of circulating cytokines associated with autoimmune diabetes, the direct impact of insulin deficiency on neurogenesis/neurotransmitter metabolism, the effects of the chronic hyperglycaemic state, occurrence of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia and the impact of basal hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Shared biological vulnerabilities may be implicated in the comorbidity of type 1 diabetes and MDD. Further research is warranted to determine the magnitude of associations and confirm their observation in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Rm 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1X8.
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Panagiotopoulos I, Palatianos G, Michalopoulos A, Chatzigeorgiou A, Prapas S, Kamper EF. Alterations in biomarkers of endothelial function following on-pump coronary artery revascularization. J Clin Lab Anal 2011; 24:389-98. [PMID: 21089169 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been associated with activation and injury of endothelial cells, probably responsible for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) taking place in these patients. METHODS We measured plasma concentrations of soluble P-selectin (sP-s), E-selectin (sE-s), tetranectin (TN), vonWillebrand factor (vWF) levels, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in 31 adult patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting, just before and up to three days after surgery, and in 25 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Patients showed higher plasma sP-s and sE-s and ACE concentrations, just before surgery, but significantly lower TN levels, compared with controls. During the first three postoperative days (PD), the concentration of each of the molecules followed a different and independent pattern, although in the third PD, the levels of sP-s, sE-s and ACE were higher and those of vWF and TN lower, compared with the preoperative ones. However, patients had higher sP-s (P=0.06), sE-s (P=0.07), and vWF (P=0.005), but lower TN concentrations (P=0.02) on the third PD compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS CPB is characterised by pronounced changes in plasma sP-s, sE-s, TN, vWF levels, and ACE activity, which are associated with significant alteration in the intra- and early postoperative endothelial function observed in open heart surgery.
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Chatzigeorgiou A, Harokopos V, Mylona-Karagianni C, Tsouvalas E, Aidinis V, Kamper EF. The pattern of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in type 1 diabetic patients over time. Ann Med 2010; 42:426-38. [PMID: 20568978 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2010.495951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the way they are connected in co-regulated networks and determine whether disease duration influences their pattern. METHODS Plasma levels of 20 cytokines and soluble CD40 (sCD40) from 44 uncomplicated patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and protein array technology. RESULTS Patients showed significantly higher levels of sCD40, IL-1a, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1b, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and a trend to higher IL-6 than did HCs. RANTES and sCD40 discriminated significantly between diabetics and HCs. In patients with disease duration >6 months, cytokines were organized in two clusters mainly regulated by Th17 and Th1/Th2 cells respectively, while in those with disease duration <or=6 months a set of Th1-cytokines was separated apart from the second cluster. Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was revealed as the most discriminant factor between patients with disease duration of more than and less than 6 months. CONCLUSIONS A parallel elevation of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed in patients compared with HCs. In T1DM patients with disease duration <or=6 months, Th1-cytokines were organized on a separate cluster, suggesting a possible role of Th1 cells in the progress of beta-cell destruction during the first period of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527, Athens, Greece
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Kamper M, Tsimpoukidi O, Chatzigeorgiou A, Lymberi M, Kamper EF. The antioxidant effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker, losartan, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Transl Res 2010; 156:26-36. [PMID: 20621034 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We determined the effect of a short-term angiotensin II signaling blockade on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (index of lipid peroxidation) levels in the systemic circulation and on peroxynitrite generation and insulitis development in the streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats' pancreas. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal STZ injection. Diabetic rats were treated for 1 week with losartan (20 mg/kg/body weight/day in the drinking water), and pancreas and blood were collected for histochemical, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. Diabetic rats showed greater VEGF, sICAM-1, NO, and MDA levels, a high score of insulitis, increased nitrotyrosine staining, and markedly reduced pancreatic insulin content when compared with controls. Losartan treatment suppressed the excessive NO and lipid peroxidation production systemically without restoring them to that of healthy subjects and reduced VEGF levels while leaving sICAM-1 levels unchanged. The insulitis score and nitrotyrosine staining were reduced, whereas the pancreatic islets and the beta-cell area were increased significantly in the treated group, indicating the reduction of inflammation and nitrosative stress and an early regeneration of beta-cell mass in the pancreas. Conclusively, in the STZ diabetic rat model, even a short-term losartan treatment improves oxidative and nitrosative stress systemically and locally, improving the islets' environment and accelerating beta-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kamper
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, GR-115 27, Athens, Greece.
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Codoñer-Franch P, Pons-Morales S, Boix-García L, Valls-Bellés V. Oxidant/antioxidant status in obese children compared to pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes 2010; 11:251-7. [PMID: 19671090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mellitus and obesity are recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). A common mechanism underlying an increased risk for endothelial dysfunction in these two metabolic diseases is oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the oxidant/antioxidant defense systems in children affected with T1D or obesity in order to determine the importance of oxidative stress before the emergence of complications. SUBJECTS Children with T1D (n = 20) or obesity (n = 22), without comorbidities, and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 16). METHODS We assessed lipid peroxidation by circulating levels of lipoperoxides and malondialdehyde, as well as protein oxidation by the concentration of plasma carbonyl groups. The endogenous antioxidative defense system was evaluated by the red cell glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione. The serum levels of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were determined to assess exogenous antioxidants. RESULTS Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in both T1D and obese children when compared with control children. However, T1D patients showed a more elevated level, because their malondialdehyde values were significantly increased with respect to obese children. Protein oxidation was present in both groups of children and did not differ between them. With respect to obese children, the glutathione peroxidase activity and exogenous antioxidants were decreased in T1D patients. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress is present in both children with T1D and obesity, although it is more pronounced in the former. Obese children may suffer an additional oxidative stress in the case of developing impaired glucose metabolism.
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Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Tsikas D, Rossi R. Oxidative stress and human diseases: Origin, link, measurement, mechanisms, and biomarkers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009; 46:241-81. [DOI: 10.3109/10408360903142326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kostolanská J, Jakus V, Barák L. Glycation and lipid peroxidation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic complications. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2009; 22:635-43. [PMID: 19774845 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2009.22.7.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycation and oxidative stress lead to formation of compounds that have several biological effects and contribute to the development of the complications of diabetes mellitus. All steps of glycoxidation generate oxygen free radicals, some of them in common with lipid peroxidation pathways. Some oxidation or lipid peroxidation products may bind to proteins and amplify glycoxidation-generated lesions. The aim of this study was to measure glycation and lipid peroxidation parameters and examine the relationship between them in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) with (+DC) and without (-DC) diabetic complications. Fifty patients with DM1 aged from 7-19 years and with duration of DM1 (DD) at least 5 years were included. Twenty-four patients were -DC and 26 were +DC. Twelve healthy children formed a control group. There were significantly higher values of fructosamine (FAM), HbA(1c), serum advanced glycation endproducts (s-AGEs) and lipid peroxides (LPO) in the +DC group compared with -DC, and significantly higher values of HbA(1c), FAM and LPO in both diabetic groups than in controls. The s-AGEs level in the -DC group was similar to that in controls. In the total diabetic group, regardless of DC, there was a significant negative correlation between LPO and HDL-C (r = -0.379; p <0.05), and a positive correlation between LPO and triacylglycerol (TAG) (r = 0.852; p <<0.05), FAM (r = 0.414; p <0.05) and s-AGEs (r = 0.454; p <0.05). In the +DC group LPO correlated negatively with HDL-C (r = -0.392, p <0.05) and positively with TAG (r = 0.848; p <<0.05), FAM (r = 0.457; p = 0.02), and s-AGEs (r = 0.516, p = 0.02), whereas in the -DC group LPO correlated only with HDL-C (r = -0.441; p = 0.03) and TAG (r = 0.769; p <<0.05). We demonstrated a linkage between enhanced formation of AGEs and lipid peroxidation products and the presence of diabetic complications. Thus, the overproduction of glycation and lipid peroxidation products may take part in DC development as early as in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kostolanská
- Children Diabetological Center of the Slovak Republic, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Rosa JS, Galassetti PR. Altered molecular adaptation to exercise in children with type 1 diabetes: beyond hypoglycemia. Pediatr Diabetes 2009; 10:213-26. [PMID: 18828794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Rosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Clinical Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Dalla Pozza R, Bechtold S, Bonfig W, Putzker S, Kozlik-Feldmann R, Netz H, Schwarz HP. Age of onset of type 1 diabetes in children and carotid intima medial thickness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2053-7. [PMID: 17374703 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adult diabetic patients. In children, signs of subclinical atherosclerosis such as increased intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid arteries have been detected in several studies. However, concerns may arise about the different analyzing methods used because measurements in patients and controls differ significantly. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 208 children [150 patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, mean age (+/-sd) 13.9 +/- 2.8 yr, 66 males, mean glycosylated hemoglobin (+/-sd) 7.8 +/- 1.4%, and 58 healthy controls, mean age (+/-sd) 14.1 +/- 3.1 yr, 32 males] and used normal IMT values published recently for comparison of the results. RESULTS Of 150 patients, 37 had an increased IMT [mean IMT (+/-sd) 1.6 +/- 0.6], whereas healthy controls had nearly normal IMT values [mean IMT (+/-sd) 0.3 +/- 0.1; P < 0.001]. Age at onset of diabetes, mean daily insulin dosage, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol level were significantly related to IMT in a multilinear regression model. A total of 25 diabetic patients were hypertensive and had a significantly increased IMT (mean IMT 0.475 +/- 0.03 mm) compared to the remaining patients (mean IMT 0.459 +/- 0.02 mm; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The IMT measurement detected subclinical atherosclerosis in a large cohort of diabetic children. Systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol level, insulin dosage, and age at onset of the disease were significantly related to the IMT. Longitudinal measurements may help to identify patients at special risk for atherosclerotic changes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dalla Pozza
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr 4, Munich, Germany.
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Fujieda M, Naruse K, Hamauzu T, Miyazaki E, Hayashi Y, Enomoto R, Lee E, Ohta K, Yamaguchi Y, Wakiguchi H, Enza H. Effect of selenium-deficient diet on tubular epithelium in normal rats. Pediatr Nephrol 2007; 22:192-201. [PMID: 17109141 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-006-0266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency reduces glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, resulting in increased oxidative stress. We examined how Se deficiency induces renal injury via oxidative stress over time during the Se-deficient period. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed either a control or Se-deficient diet. Rats were sacrificed on weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12. Blood and urine samples were collected, and the kidneys were removed. Urinalysis was performed, and creatinine clearance (Ccr) was calculated. Expressions of cellular GPx (cGPx) and phospholipid hydroperoxidase GPx (PHGPx) mRNA and GPx activity were measured. Histology was evaluated by light microscopy with immunohistochemistry for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and vimentin. The Se-deficient diet caused significant decreases in GPx activity and cGPx mRNA expression but no change in PHGPx mRNA, together with significant proteinuria and glucosuria and slight decline in Ccr. The Se-deficient diet induced calcification in the kidney and increased the distribution of HNE and vimentin immunostaining in proximal tubuli, particularly around the outer medulla stripe. However, the histological damage did not progress after 6 weeks of deficiency. Se deficiency induces proteinuria and glucosuria with renal calcification, which may be primarily induced by injury of proximal tubuli via oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiya Fujieda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
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Miyajima K, Minatoguchi S, Ito Y, Hukunishi M, Matsuno Y, Kakami M, Kawasaki M, Nishigaki K, Takemura G, Fujiwara H. Reduction of QTc Dispersion by the Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Valsartan May Be Related to Its Anti-Oxidative Stress Effect in Patients with Essential Hypertension. Hypertens Res 2007; 30:307-13. [PMID: 17541209 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.30.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
QT dispersion has been reported to increase in patients with essential hypertension, and abnormal QT dispersion is associated with arrythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, whether change in QT dispersion is related to oxidative stress is unclear. We examined the effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan on QT dispersion and the relationship between oxidative stress and QT dispersion in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertensive patients whose systolic blood pressure (SBP) was more than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was more than 90 mmHg were treated with valsartan. Blood pressure was measured once a month for 6 months. The difference between the maximal and minimal QT intervals within a 12-lead surface ECG was measured and QT dispersion and QTc dispersion corrected by heart rate were obtained before and 6 months after treatment. Left ventricular mass (LVM) assessed by echocardiography was obtained at baseline and 6 months after treatment. Venous blood samples were obtained at baseline and 6 months after treatment to measure serum levels of lipoperoxidation (LPO) and type I and III procollagen. Treatment with valsartan significantly decreased SBP and DBP. QTc dispersion decreased significantly 6 months after treatment with valsartan as compared to the baseline values. Valsartan treatment did not affect the LVM. Valsartan significantly decreased the abnormally high LPO levels. The changes in QTc dispersion were positively correlated with changes in the serum levels of LPO and with changes in DBP. The correlation between changes in LPO and QTc dispersion was more close than that between changes in DBP and QTc dispersion. In conclusion, antihypertensive therapy with valsartan reduces QTc dispersion and this may be related to the ability of valsartan to reduce oxidative stress in patients with essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Miyajima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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