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Cattarinussi G, Delvecchio G, Prunas C, Moltrasio C, Brambilla P. Effects of pharmacological treatments on emotional tasks in borderline personality disorder: A review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:50-57. [PMID: 33839558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common mental disorder characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, impaired self-image, impulsivity and aggressive behaviors that often requires pharmacological treatments. Neuroimaging alterations have been extensively reported in BPD, especially in regions within the fronto-limbic system. Although medications can be an important confounding factor in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies, their role on brain function in BPD patients still remains uncertain. Therefore, this review aims to improve our understanding on the potential effect of the most commonly prescribed drugs for BPD on brain function during processing of emotional tasks. METHODS A search on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science of fMRI studies exploring the effect of antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers on brain activity during processing of emotional tasks on BPD was conducted. RESULTS Overall the studies showed small or no effect of pharmacological treatments on brain activity and connectivity in BPD patients during processing of emotional tasks. LIMITATIONS The small sample size, the observational design, the elevated percentage of women, the concomitant use of psychostimulants, anticholinergics and opioids substitute treatments and the high rate of comorbidities limit the conclusion of this review. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological treatments seem to have minor role on brain activity/connectivity in BPD patients during emotional tasks, ultimately suggesting that in BPD patients brain deficits seem not be influenced by medications. This might be due to functional brain specificities of BPD and to the differences in pharmacological regimens and compliance to therapy between BPD and other common psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Prunas
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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2
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Neuroanatomic and Functional Neuroimaging Findings. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 48:173-196. [PMID: 33040316 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The search for brain morphology findings that could explain behavioral disorders has gone through a long path in the history of psychiatry. With the advance of brain imaging technology, studies have been able to identify brain morphology and neural circuits associated with the pathophysiology of mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorders (BD). Promising results have also shown the potential of neuroimaging findings in the identification of outcome predictors and response to treatment among patients with BD. In this chapter, we present brain imaging structural and functional findings associated with BD, as well as their hypothesized relationship with the pathophysiological aspects of that condition and their potential clinical applications.
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Davis MT, Holmes SE, Pietrzak RH, Esterlis I. Neurobiology of Chronic Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders: Evidence from Molecular Imaging Studies. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2017; 1:2470547017710916. [PMID: 29862379 PMCID: PMC5976254 DOI: 10.1177/2470547017710916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress accounts for billions of dollars of economic loss annually in the United States alone, and is recognized as a major source of disability and mortality worldwide. Robust evidence suggests that chronic stress plays a significant role in the onset of severe and impairing psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Application of molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography in recent years has begun to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress confers risk for these disorders. The present paper provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of all positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography imaging publications focused on the examination of molecular targets in individuals with major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or bipolar disorder to date. Critical discussion of discrepant findings and broad strengths and weaknesses of the current body of literature is provided. Recommended future directions for the field of molecular imaging to further elucidate the neurobiological substrates of chronic stress-related disorders are also discussed. This article is part of the inaugural issue for the journal focused on various aspects of chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret T. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sophie E. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National
Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National
Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT,
USA
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4
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Quarto T, Fasano MC, Taurisano P, Fazio L, Antonucci LA, Gelao B, Romano R, Mancini M, Porcelli A, Masellis R, Pallesen KJ, Bertolino A, Blasi G, Brattico E. Interaction between DRD2 variation and sound environment on mood and emotion-related brain activity. Neuroscience 2016; 341:9-17. [PMID: 27867061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sounds, like music and noise, are capable of reliably affecting individuals' mood and emotions. However, these effects are highly variable across individuals. A putative source of variability is genetic background. Here we explored the interaction between a functional polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2 rs1076560, G>T, previously associated with the relative expression of D2S/L isoforms) and sound environment on mood and emotion-related brain activity. Thirty-eight healthy subjects were genotyped for DRD2 rs1076560 (G/G=26; G/T=12) and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of an implicit emotion-processing task while listening to music or noise. Individual variation in mood induction was assessed before and after the task. Results showed mood improvement after music exposure in DRD2GG subjects and mood deterioration after noise exposure in GT subjects. Moreover, the music, as opposed to noise environment, decreased the striatal activity of GT subjects as well as the prefrontal activity of GG subjects while processing emotional faces. These findings suggest that genetic variability of dopamine receptors affects sound environment modulations of mood and emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Quarto
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - M C Fasano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Taurisano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - L Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - L A Antonucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; Department of Education Science, Psychology and Communication Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - B Gelao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - R Romano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - R Masellis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - K J Pallesen
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - G Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - E Brattico
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark.
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5
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Porcu M, Balestrieri A, Siotto P, Lucatelli P, Anzidei M, Suri JS, Zaccagna F, Argiolas GM, Saba L. Clinical neuroimaging markers of response to treatment in mood disorders. Neurosci Lett 2016; 669:43-54. [PMID: 27737806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders (MD) are important and frequent psychiatric illness. The management of patients affected by these conditions represents an important factor of disability as well as a significant social and economic burden. The "in-vivo" studies can help researchers to understand the first developmental events of the pathology and to identify the molecular and non-molecular targets of therapies. However, they have strong limitations due to the fact that human brain circuitry can not be reproduced in animal models. In addition, these neural pathways are difficult to be selectively studied with the modern imaging (such as Magnetic Resonance and Positron Emitted Tomography/Computed Tomography) and non-imaging (such as electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation and evoked potentials) methods. In comparison with other methods, the "in-vivo" imaging investigations have higher temporal and spatial resolution compared to the "in-vivo" non-imaging techniques. All these factors make difficult to fully understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of these disorders, and consequently hinder the analysis of the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, which have been demonstrated effective in clinical settings. In this review, we will focus our attention on the current state of the art of imaging in the assessment of treatment efficacy in MD. We will analyse briefly the actual classification of MD; then we will focus on the "in vivo" imaging methods used in research and clinical activity, the current knowledge about the neural models at the base of MD. Finally the last part of the review will focus on the analysis of the main markers of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, AOU of Cagliari, SS 554 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Siotto
- Department of Radiology, AOB Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, CA, Italy
| | - Pierleone Lucatelli
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Anzidei
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA; Electrical Engineering Department, Idaho State University (Aff.), Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Fulvio Zaccagna
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, AOU of Cagliari, SS 554 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Guiard BP, Di Giovanni G. Central serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptor dysfunction in depression and epilepsy: the missing link? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:46. [PMID: 25852551 PMCID: PMC4362472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors (5-HT2A-Rs) are G-protein coupled receptors. In agreement with their location in the brain, they have been implicated not only in various central physiological functions including memory, sleep, nociception, eating and reward behaviors, but also in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Interestingly, a bidirectional link between depression and epilepsy is suspected since patients with depression and especially suicide attempters have an increased seizure risk, while a significant percentage of epileptic patients suffer from depression. Such epidemiological data led us to hypothesize that both pathologies may share common anatomical and neurobiological alteration of the 5-HT2A signaling. After a brief presentation of the pharmacological properties of the 5-HT2A-Rs, this review illustrates how these receptors may directly or indirectly control neuronal excitability in most networks involved in depression and epilepsy through interactions with the monoaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions. It also synthetizes the preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrating the role of these receptors in antidepressant and antiepileptic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Guiard
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, UMR 5169, Toulouse France ; CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Université de Toulouse 3, UMR 5169, Toulouse, France ; INSERM U1178 Team ≪Depression and Antidepressants≫ Faculté de Pharmacie Paris Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neurophysiology Unit, Laboratory for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida Malta ; School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff UK
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7
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Lego D, Plaumann M, Trantzschel T, Bargon J, Scheich H, Buntkowsky G, Gutmann T, Sauer G, Bernarding J, Bommerich U. Parahydrogen-induced polarization of carboxylic acids: a pilot study of valproic acid and related structures. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:810-816. [PMID: 24812006 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is a promising new tool for medical applications of MR, including MRI. The PHIP technique can be used to transfer high non-Boltzmann polarization, derived from parahydrogen, to isotopes with a low natural abundance or low gyromagnetic ratio (e.g. (13)C), thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio by several orders of magnitude. A few molecules acting as metabolic sensors have already been hyperpolarized with PHIP, but the direct hyperpolarization of drugs used to treat neurological disorders has not been accomplished until now. Here, we report on the first successful hyperpolarization of valproate (valproic acid, VPA), an important and commonly used antiepileptic drug. Hyperpolarization was confirmed by detecting the corresponding signal patterns in the (1)H NMR spectrum. To identify the optimal experimental conditions for the conversion of an appropriate VPA precursor, structurally related molecules with different side chains were analyzed in different solvents using various catalytic systems. The presented results include hyperpolarized (13)C NMR spectra and proton images of related systems, confirming their applicability for MR studies. PHIP-based polarization enhancement may provide a new MR technique to monitor the spatial distribution of valproate in brain tissue and to analyze metabolic pathways after valproate administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lego
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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8
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Andreazza AC, Wang JF, Salmasi F, Shao L, Young LT. Specific subcellular changes in oxidative stress in prefrontal cortex from patients with bipolar disorder. J Neurochem 2013; 127:552-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Andreazza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Faraz Salmasi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Psychiatry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Lionel T. Young
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
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9
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Andreazza AC. Combining redox-proteomics and epigenomics to explain the involvement of oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 8:2503-12. [PMID: 22710408 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders affect approximately 10% of adults in North-America. The complex nature of these illnesses makes the search for their pathophysiology a challenge. However, studies have consistently shown that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are common features across major psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Nevertheless, little is known about specific targets of oxidation in the brain. The search for redox sensors (protein targets for oxidation) will offer information about which pathways are regulated by oxidation in psychiatric disorders. Additionally, DNA is also a target for oxidative damage and recently, studies have suggested that oxidation of cytosine and guanosine can serve as an epigenetic modulator by decreasing or preventing further DNA methylation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss how we can use redox-proteomics and epigenomics to help explain the role of oxidative damage in major psychiatric disorders, which may ultimately lead to the identification of targets for development of new medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4204, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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10
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Chen Q, Liu W, Li H, Zhang H, Tian M. Molecular imaging in patients with mood disorders: a review of PET findings. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38:1367-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Walderhaug E, Varga M, Pedro MS, Hu J, Neumeister A. The role of the aminergic systems in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2011; 5:107-126. [PMID: 25236552 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2010_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a major medical and social burden, but little is known about the specific pathophysiology of BPD. The key biogenic amines in the aminergic system include serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and acetylcholine (ACh). By analyzing these neurotransmitters, this chapter highlights three hypotheses in the pathophysiology of BPD: the biogenic amine hypothesis, the cholinergic-aminergic balance hypothesis, and the permissive hypothesis. Evidence from select studies of cerebrospinal fluid, postmortem subjects, neuroimaging, genetic factors, and pharmacological agents will be used to reconcile these hypotheses. Possible explanations for discrepancies in these hypotheses are given, and directions for future studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Walderhaug
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway,
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12
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Gonul AS, Coburn K, Kula M. Cerebral blood flow, metabolic, receptor, and transporter changes in bipolar disorder: the role of PET and SPECT studies. Int Rev Psychiatry 2010; 21:323-35. [PMID: 20374147 DOI: 10.1080/09540260902962131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The basic concepts of positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning are introduced, and the two modalities are compared. Applications to bipolar disorder (BD) are reviewed. Regional cerebral metabolic rate and blood flow, often used as surrogate measures of neuronal synaptic activity, are increased in the frontal lobes in both unipolar and bipolar depression. In mania, metabolism increases in the dorsal cingulate cortex, striatal regions, and the nucleus accumbens, as well as in limbic structures of the temporal lobes, but decreases in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, possibly reflecting its loss of modulatory control over limbic structures. Specifically targeted PET radioligands are used to investigate neurotransmitter systems. D1 receptor binding potentials are reduced in frontal cortex, but striatal D2 receptor density is normal in all phases of non-psychotic BD. Psychotic BD patients show higher D2 receptor densities in the caudate, which correlate with the degree of psychosis but not mood symptoms. The serotonin transporter shows increased density in the thalamus, dorsal cingulate cortex, medial preftontal cortex, and insula of depressed BD patients. In the dorsal cingulate cortex and insula, it correlates with anxiety (and in the cingulate, with suicide attempts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saffet Gonul
- Affective Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Yatham LN, Liddle PF, Erez J, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Lam RW, Imperial M, Sossi V, Ruth TJ. Brain serotonin-2 receptors in acute mania. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 196:47-51. [PMID: 20044660 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.057919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been implicated in mania, the precise alterations in the 5-HT system remain elusive. AIMS To assess brain 5-HT2 receptors in drug-free individuals experiencing a manic episode in comparison with healthy volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET). METHOD Participants (n = 10) with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder-manic episode and healthy controls (n = 10) underwent [18F]-setoperone scans. The differences in 5-HT2 receptor binding potential between the two groups were determined using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis. RESULTS Age was a significant correlate with 5-HT2 receptor binding potential with a similar magnitude of correlation in both groups. The SPM analysis with age as a covariate showed that the individuals with current mania had significantly lower 5-HT2 receptor binding potential in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortical regions, with changes more prominent in the right cortical regions compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that brain 5-HT2 receptors are decreased in people with acute mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi N Yatham
- Mood Disorders Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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15
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Kishi T, Kitajima T, Tsunoka T, Ikeda M, Yamanouchi Y, Kinoshita Y, Kawashima K, Okochi T, Okumura T, Inada T, Ozaki N, Iwata N. Genetic association analysis of serotonin 2A receptor gene (HTR2A) with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in the Japanese population. Neurosci Res 2009; 64:231-4. [PMID: 19428704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Phillips ML, Travis MJ, Fagiolini A, Kupfer DJ. Medication effects in neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165:313-20. [PMID: 18245175 PMCID: PMC2302832 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroimaging studies are promising components for a new diagnostic framework for bipolar disorder, but a major issue is the potential confound of psychotropic medication upon experimental measures. Withdrawing all individuals from medication and examining only unmedicated individuals may be clinically unfeasible, and examining only unmedicated individuals may render findings less generalizable. METHOD The authors review structural and functional neuroimaging studies of medicated and unmedicated patients with bipolar disorder to discern the possible confounding effect of medication. RESULTS Findings from studies identified on MEDLINE that included medicated individuals with bipolar disorder indicated either no significant effect or ameliorative effects of psychotropic medications on abnormal structural and functional neuroimaging measures relevant to pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disorder. Different strategies for assessing medication effects are compared. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder ideally should recruit both unmedicated and medicated individuals. Individuals who are unable to tolerate medication withdrawal likely have more severe illness and are especially informative for research examining biomarkers of illness and treatment response.
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Prabhakaran J, Parsey RV, Majo VJ, Van Heertum RL, John Mann J, Dileep Kumar JS. Synthesis andin vivo evaluation of [O-methyl-11C] 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-methylbenzyl)-N-(1-methyl- piperidin-4-yl)acetamide as an imaging probe for 5-HT2A receptors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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