1
|
Guo L, Zhao Y, Kong Z, Liu R, Liu P. Protective effects of myricetin and morin on neurological damage in Aβ 1-42/Al 3+ -induced Alzheimer's disease model of rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102404. [PMID: 38423257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disorder with unclear pathogenesis. Single-target drugs have very limited efficacy in treating AD, but synthetic multi-target drugs have poor efficacy and safety. Therefore, finding suitable natural multi-target drugs against AD is of great interest for research studies. We chose two flavonols, myricetin and morin, for the relevant study. In this study, we used microinjection of Aβ1-42 oligomers into the CA1 region of rat hippocampus, combined with gavage of Aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O) solution to establish AD rat models, and myricetin and morin were selected as intervening drugs to explore the protective effects against neurological impairment. Experimental results showed that myricetin or morin could reduce the production of Aβ, Tubulin-associated unit (Tau), and Phosphorylated tubulin-associated unit (p-Tau), down-regulate the expression of relevant inflammatory factors, reduce hippocampal cell apoptosis in rats. There was a significant increase in the activity of adenosine triphosphatase, catalase, total superoxide dismutase, and the content of glutathione in the brain tissue. However, the content of malondialdehyde, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase were decreased in the brain tissue. These two flavonols can regulate the imbalance of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitter levels. In conclusion, Myricetin or morin can effectively improve learning and memory dysfunction in AD rats induced by Aβ1-42/Al3+ through anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linli Guo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengqiao Kong
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh R, Tiwari MK, Singh RK. Inhibition Conversion of Aspirin into Salicylic Acid in Presence of Glycine. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03675-z. [PMID: 38530560 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Aspirin (AS) is a common drug having anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties which is widely used in diverse medical conditions. The intake of AS may cause adverse effects such as gastrointestinal ulcer, tinnitus and Reye's syndrome. The adverse effects of AS arise due to conversion of AS into salicylic acid (SAL). Glycine (Gly) is a simplest non essential amino acid having anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. It also reduces the risk of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. AS with Gly is well accepted form of the drug for the treatment of rheumatic conditions in comparisons to the bare AS. In the present work using UV-Visible absorption, fluorescence and DFT/ TD-DFT techniques confirmed that in presence of Gly inhibited the conversion of AS into SAL effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Government Polytechnic Rajgrah, Mirzapur, 231001, India.
| | - Manish K Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Mahatama Gandhi Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Ranjan K Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Casu F, Watson AM, Yost J, Gaylord TG, Bearden DW, Denson MR. Evaluation of a hepatic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus) fed 60% soybean meal-based diets using NMR-based metabolomics. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:45-61. [PMID: 38144431 PMCID: PMC10746370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) fed high-soybean meal (SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate (FIGLU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets (named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B12 (0.012 mg/kg), folate (10 mg/kg), methionine (1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet (named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B12, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet (named FWS) with methionine supplementation (1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet (named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet (named SBM60), and a "natural" diet (named N) made up of equal parts of fish (cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues (liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Our results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics (P < 0.05). FIGLU was not detected in fish fed the N diet but was detected in those fed the SBM diets and the FM diet. Fish fed the FWS diet and the Met diet showed lower hepatic levels of FIGLU compared with the other SBM-based diets (P < 0.05), suggesting that among the different supplementation regimes, methionine supplementation was associated with lower FIGLU levels. The FWS diet produced tissue metabolite profiles that were more similar to those of fish fed the N diet. Based on our results, the FWS diet constitutes a promising SBM-based alternative diet to fishmeal for red drum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Casu
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Aaron M. Watson
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Justin Yost
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - T. Gibson Gaylord
- Bozeman Fish Technology Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 4050 Bridger Canyon Road, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Daniel W. Bearden
- Marine Biochemical Sciences Group, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Michael R. Denson
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shen F, Wang T, Zhang R, Zhong B, Wu Z. Metabolism and release of characteristic components and their enzymatic mechanisms in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae co-fermentation. Food Chem 2024; 432:137227. [PMID: 37657346 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
A co-fermentation strategy was explored to rapidly improve the characteristic components and quality of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR) using Monascus anka and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the enzymatic mechanism was investigated. The results showed that the free flavonoid content of fermented PCR was 48.12% higher than that of unfermented PCR after 12 days of co-fermentation, resulting in stronger antioxidant activity. d-Limonene, γ-terpinene, proline (Pro), arginine (Arg), and serine (Ser) contributed the most to the flavors of citrus, herb, and sweet citrus based on odor and taste activity value analysis. Metabolomics and multivariate statistics showed that 55 components were differentially metabolized during co-fermentation, and ten metabolic pathways were closely related to metabolism. Furthermore, five hydrolases participated in the release and conversion of the active ingredients. This study provides an effective processing method for PCR and is conducive to the development of new PCR functional health foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Pan Asia (Jiangmen) Institute of Biological Engineering and Health, Jiangmen 529080, China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng Q, Li W, Zhang Y, Liu X, Fu Y, Luo S, Deng X, Zeng C. Circulating Metabolites and Dental Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1460-1467. [PMID: 37864545 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231196536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is of great importance to uncover causal biomarkers to gain insight into the pathogenesis of oral diseases and identify novel treatment targets for prevention and treatment thereof. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the causal effects of hundreds of metabolites on 10 dental traits using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of 309 known metabolites were used as instrumental variables. We selected 10 dental traits, including clinical measures of dental diseases, from the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints Consortium and self-reported oral health data from the UK Biobank. The causal relationships between metabolites and dental traits were inferred using the inverse variance-weighted approach and further controlled for horizontal pleiotropy using 5 additional MR methods. After correcting for multiple tests, 5 metabolites were identified as causal biomarkers. Genetically predicted increased levels of mannose were associated with lower risk of bleeding gums (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.85; P = 9.9 × 10-5). MR also indicated 4 metabolites on the causal pathway to dentures, with fructose (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36-0.70; P = 5.2 × 10-5) and 1-palmitoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56-0.81; P = 4.8 × 10-5) as potential protective factors and glycine (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11-1.35; P = 5.6×10-5) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14-1.52; P = 1.5 × 10-4) as risk factors. The causal associations were robust in various sensitivity analyses. We further observed some shared metabolites among different dental traits, implying similar biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenic processes. Finally, the pathway analysis revealed several significant metabolic pathways that may be involved in the development of dental disorders. Our study provides novel insights into the combination of metabolomics and genomics to reveal the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for dental disorders. It highlighted 5 metabolites and several pathways as causal candidates, warranting further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - W Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Material, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - X Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Material, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Fu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S Luo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Deng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Material, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - C Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amidu SB, Boamah VE, Ekuadzi E, Mante PK. Gut-Brain-axis: effect of basil oil on the gut microbiota and its contribution to the anticonvulsant properties. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:393. [PMID: 37924049 PMCID: PMC10623859 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain and it is characterized by seizures. Research suggests the involvement of the Gut-Brain axis in epilepsy. This study seeks to determine the role of the gut microbiota in the anticonvulsant effect of basil oil (BO) using antibiotic-depleted and altered germ-free mice against naïve mice in Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model. There is an ever growing interest in improvement of treatment outcomes in epilepsy and also in the development of newer therapeutic options, especially in the population of patients that do not attain seizure relief from available antiseizure medications (ASMs). According to research, gut microbiota can alter brain function and development. Increasing evidence suggests disrupting the delicate symbiotic balance existing between the gut and brain results in disease conditions. Also, the oil from Ocimum basilicum L., (BO) has been proven scientifically to significantly block clonic seizures induced by PTZ and picrotoxin in seizure models. METHODS The microbiota of mice were depleted or altered by administering cocktail antibiotics and individual antibiotics respectively. DNA was isolated from mouse stool, and then the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene was quantitatively amplified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Amplicons were sequenced to determine the phylogenetic make-up of the bacteria involved. Metabolic profiles of the serum and stool of mice were determined using Proton (1H) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Cocktail antibiotic pre-treatment significantly reversed the anticonvulsant effect of BO by increasing frequency and duration of seizures but did not affect latency to seizure. In mice pre-treated with single antibiotics, the anticonvulsant effect of BO was lost as latency to seizures, frequency and duration of seizures increased compared to mice that received only BO. Assessment of the phylogenetic make-up of the microbiota in antibiotic pre-treated mice showed a distorted composition of the microbiota compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Depletion of the microbiota significantly reversed the anticonvulsant actions of BO. The concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was higher in stool than in the serum of the mice. Administration of BO probably does not influence the microbial composition within the mouse microbiota. The elevated ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in microbiota-depleted groups might have contributed to the reversal of anticonvulsant actions of BO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Bandile Amidu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Vivian Etsiapa Boamah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edmund Ekuadzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Priscilla Kolibea Mante
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Griffin RA, Glover CN, McCuaig JD, Blewett TA. Waterborne amino acids: uptake and functional roles in aquatic animals. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245375. [PMID: 37843468 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter is a ubiquitous component of freshwater and marine environments, and includes small nutrient molecules, such as amino acids, which may be available for uptake by aquatic biota. Epithelial transporters, including cotransporters, uniporters and antiporters, facilitate the absorption of dissolved amino acids (often against concentration gradients). Although there is a lack of mechanistic and molecular characterization of such transporters, pathways for the direct uptake of amino acids from the water appear to exist in a wide range of marine phyla, including Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Nemertea, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda and Chordata. In these animals, absorbed amino acids have several putative roles, including osmoregulation, hypoxia tolerance, shell formation and metabolism. Therefore, amino acids dissolved in the water may play an important, but overlooked, role in aquatic animal nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Griffin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Chris N Glover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
- Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada
| | - Jenelle D McCuaig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Horse Gram ( Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) Genotypes for Horse Gram Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020165. [PMID: 36837784 PMCID: PMC9960754 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) is an under-utilized legume grown in India. It is a good source of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. We screened 252 horse gram germplasm accessions for horse gram yellow mosaic virus resistance using the percent disease index and scaling techniques. The percentage values of highly resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible were 0.34, 13.89, 38.89, 46.43, and 0.34, respectively. Repetitive trials confirmed the host-plant resistance levels, and yield loss was assessed. The present disease index ranged from 1.2 to 72.0 and 1.2 to 73.0 during the kharif and rabi seasons of 2018, respectively. The maximum percent yield loss was noticed in the HS (75.0 -89.4), while HR possessed the minimum (1.2-2.0). The methanolic leaf extracts of highly resistant and highly susceptible genotypes with essential controls were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Differential accumulation of metabolites was noticed, and a total of 81 metabolites representing 26 functional groups were identified. Both highly resistant and susceptible genotypes harbored eight unique classes, while ten biomolecules were common. The hierarchical cluster analysis indicated a distinct metabolite profile. Fold change in the common metabolites revealed an enhanced accumulation of sugars, alkanes, and carboxylic acids in the highly resistant genotype. The principal component analysis plots explained 93.7% of the variation. The metabolite profile showed a significant accumulation of three anti-viral (octadecanoic acid, diphenyl sulfone, and 2-Aminooxazole), one insecticidal (9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol), one antifeedant (cucurbitacin B), and six metabolites with unknown biological function in the highly resistant genotype.
Collapse
|
9
|
Brister D, Rose S, Delhey L, Tippett M, Jin Y, Gu H, Frye RE. Metabolomic Signatures of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1727. [PMID: 36294866 PMCID: PMC9604590 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with many variations in metabolism, but the ex-act correlates of these metabolic disturbances with behavior and development and their links to other core metabolic disruptions are understudied. In this study, large-scale targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomic analysis was conducted on fasting morning plasma samples from 57 children with ASD (29 with neurodevelopmental regression, NDR) and 37 healthy controls of similar age and gender. Linear model determined the metabolic signatures of ASD with and without NDR, measures of behavior and neurodevelopment, as well as markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, redox, methylation, and mitochondrial metabolism. MetaboAnalyst ver 5.0 (the Wishart Research Group at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada) identified the pathways associated with altered metabolic signatures. Differences in histidine and glutathione metabolism as well as aromatic amino acid (AAA) biosynthesis differentiated ASD from controls. NDR was associated with disruption in nicotinamide and energy metabolism. Sleep and neurodevelopment were associated with energy metabolism while neurodevelopment was also associated with purine metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. While behavior was as-sociated with some of the same pathways as neurodevelopment, it was also associated with alternations in neurotransmitter metabolism. Alterations in methylation was associated with aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and nicotinamide metabolism. Alterations in glutathione metabolism was associated with changes in glycine, serine and threonine, BCAA and AAA metabolism. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were as-sociated with energy metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism was associated with alterations in energy metabolism and L-glutamine. Using behavioral and biochemical markers, this study finds convergent disturbances in specific metabolic pathways with ASD, particularly changes in energy, nicotinamide, neurotransmitters, and BCAA, as well as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Brister
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Leanna Delhey
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Marie Tippett
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Metabolic regulation mechanism of Aconiti Radix Cocta extract in rats based on 1H-NMR metabonomics. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:602-611. [PMID: 36405052 PMCID: PMC9669353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish a metabonomics research technique based on the combination of 1H-NMR and multivariate statistical analysis, so as to explore the metabolic regulation mechanism of Aconiti Radix Cocta extract (ARCE) in rat tissues and serum. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, female group and male group. The 1H-NMR technique was used to collect the information of rat tissues and serum samples in each group. The principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and other methods were used for data pattern recognition, so as to screen out potential differential metabolites and metabolic pathways, and then network analysis and KEGG database were used to analyze the relationship between metabolites, metabolic pathways and diseases. Results The external features and 1H-NMR analysis showed that the sex of rats had no obvious effect on the drug action. A total of 15 potential differential metabolites and six metabolic pathways were screened out through data pattern recognition. Through network analysis and KEGG pathway analysis, three target diseases closely related to differential metabolites were found, and the metabolic pathway related to lung cancer was the central carbon metabolism of cancer. Conclusion This study shows that Aconiti Radix Cocta (ARC) may regulate the energy metabolism of the body by influencing arginine synthesis, so as to play the roles of anti-inflammation, analgesia, anti-tumor and immune regulation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lachance GP, Boisselier É, Boukadoum M, Miled A. Towards an advanced neurotechnological system: colorimetric sensing with a novel grism-based spectrometer, functionalized gold nanoparticles and a heterogeneous embedded system. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210016. [PMID: 35658674 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter sensing in the brain is crucial for the understanding of neuro-degenerative diseases. Most modern methods for the purpose rely on bulky instruments or are disruptive to the neurotransmitter medium. In this work, we describe and evaluate the design of a novel, compact and non-invasive instrument for neurotransmitter detection based on the colorimetric sensing method. The instrument includes a grism-based spectrometer that measures the wavelength shift of gold nanoparticles that are functionalized with aptamers to act as neurotransmitter-specific markers. It also includes microfluidic and electronic subsystems for sample preparation and control, and processing of the obtained signal. The instrument is tested with gold nanoparticles and its performance is compared to that of a commercial instrument, showing that the designed prototype matches the commercial instrument in performance while being much smaller, and it can surpass it with further improvements. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advanced neurotechnologies: translating innovation for health and well-being'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel P Lachance
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Québec Canada
| | - Élodie Boisselier
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Université Laval, Québec Canada
| | - Mounir Boukadoum
- Department of Computer Science, Université du Québec À Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amine Miled
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université Laval, Québec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao M, Xiang W, Chen Y, Peng N, Du X, Lu S, Zuo Y, Li B, Hu Y, Li X. DHA Ameliorates Cognitive Ability, Reduces Amyloid Deposition, and Nerve Fiber Production in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:852433. [PMID: 35782939 PMCID: PMC9240638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.852433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very complex. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important in cognitive ability and nervous system development. A limited number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of DHA in the treatment of AD. Introduction We detected neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the hippocampus and cortex of transgenic mice brain through silver glycine staining. We determined the activity of neurons by staining Nissl bodies, used liquid NMR to detect metabolites in the brain, and functional magnetic resonance imaging results to observe the connection signal value between brain regions. Materials and Methods We fed 3-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with DHA mixed feeds for 4 months to assess the effects of DHA on cognitive ability in AD mice through the Morris water maze and open field tests. To evaluate its effects with AD pathology, continuous feeding was done until the mice reached 9 months of age. Results Compared to AD mice, escape latency significantly decreased on the fifth day while swimming speed, target quadrant stay time, and the crossing number of platforms increased by varying degrees after DHA treatment. Brain tissue section staining revealed that DHA significantly reduced Aβ and nerve fibers in the brain of AD mice. Conclusion DHA significantly reduced the deposition of Aβ in the brain and inhibited the production of nerve fibers, thereby increasing cognitive abilities in AD mice. In addition, DHA suppressed blood lipid levels, and restored uric acid and urea levels, implying that DHA is a potential therapeutic option for early AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yashu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology and Genetic Breeding, Oil Crops Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhuan Lu
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Zuo
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Boling Li
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng Y, Xu Q, Jin Q, Du Y, Yan J, Gao H, Zheng H. Urinary and faecal metabolic characteristics in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with and without cognitive decline. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 604:130-136. [PMID: 35303679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered to be a systematic metabolic disorder, but little information is available about metabolic changes in the urine and feces. In this study, we investigated urinary and faecal metabolic profiles in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice at 3 and 9 months of age (3 M and 9 M) and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice by using 1H NMR-based metabolomics, and aimed to explore changes in metabolic pathways during amyloid pathology progression and identify potential metabolite biomarkers at earlier stage of AD. The results show that learning and memory abilities were impaired in APP/PS1 mice relative to WT mice at 9 M, but not at 3 M. However, metabolomics analysis demonstrates that AD disrupted metabolic phenotypes in the urine and feces of APP/PS1 mice at both 3 M and 9 M, including amino acid metabolism, microbial metabolism and energy metabolism. In addition, several potential metabolite biomarkers were identified for discriminating AD and WT mice prior to cognitive decline with the AUC values from 0.755 to 0.971, such as taurine, hippurate, urea and methylamine in the urine as well as alanine, leucine and valine in the feces. Therefore, our results not only confirmed AD as a metabolic disorder, but also contributed to the identification of potential biomarkers at earlier stage of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qihao Jin
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yao Du
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sialic Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits by Reducing Amyloid Deposition, Nerve Fiber Production, and Neuronal Apoptosis in a Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. NEUROSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: As a natural carbohydrate, sialic acid (SA) is helpful for brain development, cognitive ability, and the nervous system, but there are few reports about the effect of SA on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). (2) Method: The present study evaluated the effect of SA on cognitive ability, neuronal activity, Aβ formation, and tau hyperphosphorylation in a double transgenic AD (2×Tg-AD) mice model. The 2×Tg-AD mice were randomly divided into four groups: the AD control group, 17 mg/kg SA-treated AD group, 84 mg/kg SA-treated AD group, and 420 mg/kg SA-treated AD group. Mice from all four groups were fed to 7 months of age for the behavioral test and to 9 months of age for the pathological factors investigation. (3) Results: In the Morris water maze, the escape latency significantly decreased on the fifth day in the SA-treated groups. The number of rearing and crossing times in the open field test also increased significantly, compared with the control group. SA treatment significantly reduced amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and nerve fibers and increased the number of Nissl bodies in the brain of AD mice. (4) Conclusions: SA reduced the neuron damage by reducing Aβ and inhibited tau protein hyperphosphorylation, which improved the cognitive ability and mobility of AD mice.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tuerhongjiang G, Guo M, Qiao X, Lou B, Wang C, Wu H, Wu Y, Yuan Z, She J. Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and Amino Acid Metabolism in Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:752241. [PMID: 34746265 PMCID: PMC8566708 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.752241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome of which the incidence is on the rise worldwide. Cardiometabolic disorders are associated with the deterioration of cardiac function and progression of HF. Recently, there has been renewed interest in gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites in the cardiovascular disease. HF-caused hypoperfusion could increase intestinal permeability, and a “leaky” bowel leads to bacterial translocation and make its metabolites more easily enter the circulation. Considerable evidence shows that the composition of microbiota and amino acids (AAs) has been altered in HF patients, and AAs could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HF. The findings indicate that the gut–amino acid–HF axis may play a key role in the progression of HF. In this paper, we focus on the interrelationship between the AA metabolism and GM alterations during the development of heart failure. We also discuss the potential prognostic and therapeutic value of the gut–amino acid–HF axis in the cortex of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulinigaer Tuerhongjiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Manyun Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangrui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Bowen Lou
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianqing She
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of Drying on Nutritional Composition of Atlantic Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) Viscera Derived from Newfoundland Fisheries. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumaria frondosa is the main sea cucumber species harvested from Newfoundland waters. During processing, the viscera of sea cucumber are usually discarded as waste. As a matter of fact, sea cucumber viscera are abundant in various nutrients and promising for valorization. In the present study, sea cucumber viscera were pretreated by air drying and freeze drying, and the nutritional compositions of the dried products were investigated, including proximate composition, lipid class, fatty acid profile, and amino acid composition. The dried viscera had similar levels of ash, lipids, and proteins compared to fresh viscera. Both air- and freeze-dried viscera had total fatty acid composition similar to fresh viscera, with high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (30–31%), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (27–28%), and low levels of omega-6 PUFAs (~1%). The dried samples were abundant in essential amino acids (46–51%). Compared to air-dried viscera, freeze-dried viscera contained a lower content of moisture and free fatty acids, and higher content of glycine and omega-3 PUFAs in phospholipid fraction. The high content of nutritious components in dried viscera of Cucumaria frondosa indicates their great potential for valorization into high-value products.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chantranupong L, Saulnier JL, Wang W, Jones DR, Pacold ME, Sabatini BL. Rapid purification and metabolomic profiling of synaptic vesicles from mammalian brain. eLife 2020; 9:59699. [PMID: 33043885 PMCID: PMC7575323 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons communicate by the activity-dependent release of small-molecule neurotransmitters packaged into synaptic vesicles (SVs). Although many molecules have been identified as neurotransmitters, technical limitations have precluded a full metabolomic analysis of SV content. Here, we present a workflow to rapidly isolate SVs and to interrogate their metabolic contents at high-resolution using mass spectrometry. We validated the enrichment of glutamate in SVs of primary cortical neurons using targeted polar metabolomics. Unbiased and extensive global profiling of SVs isolated from these neurons revealed that the only detectable polar metabolites they contain are the established neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA. In addition, we adapted the approach to enable quick capture of SVs directly from brain tissue and determined the neurotransmitter profiles of diverse brain regions in a cell-type-specific manner. The speed, robustness, and precision of this method to interrogate SV contents will facilitate novel insights into the chemical basis of neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Chantranupong
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jessica L Saulnier
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Wengang Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Drew R Jones
- New York University School of Medicine, Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory at NYU Langone Health, New York, United States
| | - Michael E Pacold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Johnson SC, Kayser EB, Bornstein R, Stokes J, Bitto A, Park KY, Pan A, Sun G, Raftery D, Kaeberlein M, Sedensky MM, Morgan PG. Regional metabolic signatures in the Ndufs4(KO) mouse brain implicate defective glutamate/α-ketoglutarate metabolism in mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:118-132. [PMID: 32331968 PMCID: PMC7272141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leigh Syndrome (LS) is a mitochondrial disorder defined by progressive focal neurodegenerative lesions in specific regions of the brain. Defects in NDUFS4, a subunit of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, cause LS in humans; the Ndufs4 knockout mouse (Ndufs4(KO)) closely resembles the human disease. Here, we probed brain region-specific molecular signatures in pre-symptomatic Ndufs4(KO) to identify factors which underlie focal neurodegeneration. Metabolomics revealed that free amino acid concentrations are broadly different by region, and glucose metabolites are increased in a manner dependent on both region and genotype. We then tested the impact of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, which dramatically attenuates LS in Ndufs4(KO), on region specific metabolism. Our data revealed that loss of Ndufs4 drives pathogenic changes to CNS glutamine/glutamate/α-ketoglutarate metabolism which are rescued by mTOR inhibition Finally, restriction of the Ndufs4 deletion to pre-synaptic glutamatergic neurons recapitulated the whole-body knockout. Together, our findings are consistent with mTOR inhibition alleviating disease by increasing availability of α-ketoglutarate, which is both an efficient mitochondrial complex I substrate in Ndufs4(KO) and an important metabolite related to neurotransmitter metabolism in glutamatergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ernst-Bernhard Kayser
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Rebecca Bornstein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Julia Stokes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Alessandro Bitto
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kyung Yeon Park
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Amanda Pan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Grace Sun
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Margaret M Sedensky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Philip G Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tatsumi M, Hoshino W, Kodama Y, Ueatrongchit T, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H, Tagami U, Miyano H, Asano Y, Mizukoshi T. Development of a rapid and simple glycine analysis method using a stable glycine oxidase mutant. Anal Biochem 2019; 587:113447. [PMID: 31562850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycine analysis is important in research fields such as physiology and healthcare because the concentration of glycine in human plasma has been reported to change with various disorders. Glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis (GlyOX) is useful for quantitative analysis of glycine. However, GlyOX is not sufficiently stable for use in physiology-based research or clinical settings. In this report, site-directed mutagenesis was used to engineer a GlyOX mutant suitable for glycine analysis. The GlyOX triple-mutant (T42 A/C245 S/L301V) retained most of its enzymatic activity during storage for over a year at 4 °C. A colorimetric enzyme analysis protocol was established using the GlyOX triple-mutant to determine glycine concentrations in human plasma. The analysis showed high accuracy (-5.4 to 3.5% relative errors when compared with the results from an amino acid analyzer, and 96.0-98.7% recoveries) and high precision (<4% between-run variation). Sample pretreatments of deproteinization and derivatization were not required. Therefore, this novel enzymatic analysis offers an effective and useful method for determining glycine concentrations in physiology related research and the healthcare field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Tatsumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Wataru Hoshino
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yuya Kodama
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Techawaree Ueatrongchit
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Uno Tagami
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyano
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshimi Mizukoshi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9214719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters as electrochemical signaling molecules are essential for proper brain function and their dysfunction is involved in several mental disorders. Therefore, the accurate detection and monitoring of these substances are crucial in brain studies. Neurotransmitters are present in the nervous system at very low concentrations, and they mixed with many other biochemical molecules and minerals, thus making their selective detection and measurement difficult. Although numerous techniques to do so have been proposed in the literature, neurotransmitter monitoring in the brain is still a challenge and the subject of ongoing research. This article reviews the current advances and trends in neurotransmitters detection techniques, including in vivo sampling and imaging techniques, electrochemical and nano-object sensing techniques for in vitro and in vivo detection, as well as spectrometric, analytical and derivatization-based methods mainly used for in vitro research. The document analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each method, with the aim to offer selection guidelines for neuro-engineering research.
Collapse
|
21
|
Simultaneous Determination of Taurine, N-Acetylcysteine, Glycine and Methionine in Commercial Formulations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
22
|
Arsule A, Sawale R, Deosarkar S. Temperature-dependent volumetric and ultraacoustic studies of α-amino acids in aqueous acetylsalicylic acid drug solutions. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
23
|
Chen L, Zhang J, Li C, Wang Z, Li J, Zhao D, Wang S, Zhang H, Huang Y, Guo X. Glycine Transporter-1 and glycine receptor mediate the antioxidant effect of glycine in diabetic rat islets and INS-1 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:53-61. [PMID: 29753073 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the main inducer of β-cell damage, which underlies the pathogenesis of diabetes. Evidence suggests that glycine, a recognized antioxidant, may improve β-cell function; however, its mechanism in protecting diabetic β-cells against oxidative stress has not been directly investigated. Using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model and INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, we evaluated whether glycine can attenuate diabetic β-cell damage induced by oxidative stress. In diabetic rats, glycine stimulated insulin secretion; enhanced plasma glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase levels; reduced plasma 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine and islet p22phox levels; and improved islet β-cell mitochondrial degeneration and insulin granule degranulation. In INS-1 cells, glycine reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and inhibited apoptosis induced by high glucose or H2O2. Glycine transporter-1 inhibitor blocked the antioxidative effect of glycine by reducing the intracellular GSH content, and glycine receptor inhibitor reversed the glycine antioxidative effect by blocking p22phox. Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanism by which glycine protects diabetic β-cells against damage caused by oxidative stress by increasing glycine transporter-1-mediated synthesis of GSH and by reducing glycine receptor-mediated ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Youyuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Electro-membrane fractionation of antioxidant peptides from protein hydrolysates of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) byproducts. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Guo Y, Li Z, Liu X, Su X, Li Y, Zhu J, Song Y, Zhang P, Chen JDZ, Wei R, Yang J, Wei W. 1H NMR-Based Metabonomic Study of Functional Dyspepsia in Stressed Rats Treated with Chinese Medicine Weikangning. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:4039425. [PMID: 29234392 PMCID: PMC5637829 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4039425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR-based metabolic profiling combined with multivariate data analysis was used to explore the metabolic phenotype of functional dyspepsia (FD) in stressed rats and evaluate the intervention effects of the Chinese medicine Weikangning (WKN). After a 7-day period of model establishment, a 14-day drug administration schedule was conducted in a WKN-treated group of rats, with the model and normal control groups serving as negative controls. Based on 1H NMR spectra of urine and serum from rats, PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA were performed to identify changing metabolic profiles. According to the key metabolites determined by OPLS-DA, alterations in energy metabolism, stress-related metabolism, and gut microbiota were found in FD model rats after stress stimulation, and these alterations were restored to normal after WKN administration. This study may provide new insights into the relationship between FD and psychological stress and assist in research into the metabolic mechanisms involved in Chinese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Huajiadi Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10102, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North Third Ring Road East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 105 West Third Ring Road North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 105 West Third Ring Road North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Huajiadi Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10102, China
| | - Yijie Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North Third Ring Road East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North Third Ring Road East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Yilin Song
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North Third Ring Road East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Huajiadi Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10102, China
| | - Jiande D. Z. Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ruhan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Jianqin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Huajiadi Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10102, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Huajiadi Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 10102, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Renno WM, Benov L, Khan KM. Possible role of antioxidative capacity of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment in morphological and neurobehavioral recovery after sciatic nerve crush injury. J Neurosurg Spine 2017; 27:593-613. [PMID: 28777065 DOI: 10.3171/2016.10.spine16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the capacity of the major polyphenolic green tea extract (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to suppress oxidative stress and stimulate the recovery and prompt the regeneration of sciatic nerve after crush injury. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: 1) Naïve, 2) Sham (sham injury, surgical control group), 3) Crush (sciatic nerve crush injury treated with saline), and 4) Crush+EGCG (sciatic nerve crush injury treated with intraperitoneally administered EGCG, 50 mg/kg). All animals were tested for motor and sensory neurobehavioral parameters throughout the study. Sciatic nerve and spinal cord tissues were harvested and processed for morphometric and stereological analysis. For the biochemical assays, the time points were Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, and Day 28 after nerve injury. RESULTS After sciatic nerve crush injury, the EGCG-treated animals (Crush+EGCG group) showed significantly better recovery of foot position and toe spread and 50% greater improvement in motor recovery than the saline-treated animals (Crush group). The Crush+EGCG group displayed an early hopping response at the beginning of the 3rd week postinjury. Animals in the Crush+EGCG group also showed a significant reduction in mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia latencies and significant improvement in recovery from nociception deficits in both heat withdrawal and tail flick withdrawal latencies compared with the Crush group. In both the Crush+EGCG and Crush groups, quantitative evaluation revealed significant morphological evidence of neuroregeneration according to the following parameters: mean cross-sectional area of axons, myelin thickness in the sciatic nerve (from Week 4 to Week 8), increase of myelin basic protein concentration and gene expression in both the injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord, and fiber diameter to axon diameter ratio and myelin thickness to axon diameter ratio at Week 2 after sciatic nerve injury. However, the axon area remained much smaller in both the Crush+EGCG and Crush groups compared with the Sham and Naïve groups. The number of axons per unit area was significantly decreased in the Crush+EGCG and Crush groups compared with controls. Sciatic nerve injury produced generalized oxidative stress manifested as a significant increase of isoprostanes in the urine and decrease of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the blood from Day 7 until Day 14. EGCG-treated rats showed significantly less increase of isoprostanes than saline-treated animals and also showed full recovery of TAC levels by Day 14 after nerve injury. In spinal cord tissue analysis, EGCG-treated animals showed induced glutathione reductase and suppressed induction of heme oxygenase 1 gene expression compared with nontreated animals. CONCLUSIONS EGCG treatment suppressed the crush-induced production of isoprostanes and stimulated the recovery of the TAC and was associated with remarkable alleviation of motor and sensory impairment and significant histomorphological evidence of neuronal regeneration following sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. The findings of this study suggest that EGCG can be used as an adjunctive therapeutic remedy for nerve injury. However, further investigations are needed to establish the antioxidative mechanism involved in the regenerative process after nerve injury. Only upregulation of glutathione reductase supports the idea that EGCG is acting indirectly via induction of enzymes or transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludmil Benov
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mori H, Momosaki K, Kido J, Naramura T, Tanaka K, Matsumoto S, Nakamura K, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F, Iwai M. Amelioration by glycine of brain damage in neonatal rat brain following hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatr Int 2017; 59:321-327. [PMID: 27613478 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycine protected adult brains against injury in an experimental model of stroke, but, because the ischemic response of neonatal brains differs from that of adult brains, we examined the neuroprotective efficacy of glycine and associated mechanisms in an experimental model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy. METHODS Neonatal (postnatal day 7) Wistar rats were randomly divided into an untreated group (non-HI) and two HI groups that were treated with left common carotid artery ligation and saline control or glycine. After recovery, pups that received surgery were injected i.p. with saline or glycine (800 mg/kg; optimal dose determined in pilot experiments) and were placed in a controlled 8% O2 chamber for 120 min. Brains were harvested at various times after return to normoxia (several hours-days after HI) for analysis of infarct area, glial activation, cell apoptosis, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression on histology and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Glycine injections induced large (approx. 15-fold) but brief (approx. 2 h) increases in cerebrospinal fluid concentrations. In particular, the glycine group had a >70% decrease in infarct areas compared with controls at 7 days after HI. Glycine also significantly reduced astrocyte reactive transformation, microglia activation, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive (apoptotic) cell numbers in peri-lesional areas at 3 days after HI, and TNF-α mRNA expression in the injured hemisphere at 12 and 24 h after HI. CONCLUSION Glycine protected neonatal rat brains against HI, in part by inhibiting TNF-α-induced inflammation and gliosis. Hence, systemic glycine infusions may have clinical utility for the treatment of HI injury in human newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken Momosaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kido
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Naramura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shirou Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsubuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lu Y, Zhu X, Li J, Fang R, Wang Z, Zhang J, Li K, Li X, Bai H, Yang Q, Ben J, Zhang H, Chen Q. Glycine prevents pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy mediated by glycine receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 123:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
29
|
Shui S, Cai X, Huang R, Xiao B, Yang J. The investigation of anti-inflammatory activity of Yi Guanjian decoction by serum metabonomics approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 133:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
30
|
Mulder M, Geocadin RG. Neurology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 141:593-617. [PMID: 28190437 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63599-0.00032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter aims to provide an up-to-date review of the science and clinical practice pertaining to neurologic injury after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The past two decades have seen a major shift in the science and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, with a major emphasis on postresuscitation neurologic care. This chapter provides a nuanced and thoughtful historic and bench-to-bedside overview of the neurologic aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A particular emphasis is made on the anatomy and pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, up-to-date management of survivors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and a careful discussion on neurologic outcome prediction. Guidance to practice evidence-based clinical care when able and thoughtful, pragmatic suggestions for care where evidence is lacking are also provided. This chapter serves as both a useful clinical guide and an updated, thorough, and state-of-the-art reference on the topic for advanced students and experienced practitioners in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mulder
- Department of Critical Care and the John Nasseff Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R G Geocadin
- Neurosciences Critical Care Division, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weinberg JM, Bienholz A, Venkatachalam MA. The role of glycine in regulated cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2285-308. [PMID: 27066896 PMCID: PMC4955867 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cytoprotective effects of glycine against cell death have been recognized for over 28 years. They are expressed in multiple cell types and injury settings that lead to necrosis, but are still not widely appreciated or considered in the conceptualization of cell death pathways. In this paper, we review the available data on the expression of this phenomenon, its relationship to major pathophysiologic pathways that lead to cell death and immunomodulatory effects, the hypothesis that it involves suppression by glycine of the development of a hydrophilic death channel of molecular dimensions in the plasma membrane, and evidence for its impact on disease processes in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Weinberg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System and University of Michigan, Room 1560, MSRB II, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0676, USA.
| | - Anja Bienholz
- Department of Nephrology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - M A Venkatachalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen J, Zhuang Y, Zhang ZF, Wang S, Jin P, He C, Hu PC, Wang ZF, Li ZQ, Xia GM, Li G, Wang Y, Wan Q. Glycine confers neuroprotection through microRNA-301a/PTEN signaling. Mol Brain 2016; 9:59. [PMID: 27230112 PMCID: PMC4880874 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycine is known to protect against neuronal death. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The microRNA-301a is involved in both biological and pathological processes. But it is not known whether microRNA-301a has a neuroprotective property. In this study, we aimed to determine whether glycine-induced neuroprotection requires microRNA-301a-dependent signaling. Results We provided the first evidence that glycine increased the expression of microRNA-301a in cultured rat cortical neurons and protected against cortical neuronal death through up-regulation of microRNA-301a after oxygen-glucose deprivation. MicroRNA-301a directly bound the predicted 3′UTR target sites of PTEN and reduced PTEN expression in cortical neurons. We revealed that PTEN down-regulation by microRNA-301a mediated glycine-induced neuroprotective effect following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Conclusions Our results suggest that 1) microRNA-301a is neuroprotective in oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury; 2) glycine is an upstream regulator of microRNA-301a; 3) glycine confers neuroprotection through microRNA-301a/PTEN signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yang Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chunjiang He
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peng-Chao Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 169 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guang-Ming Xia
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 169 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The investigation of anti-inflammatory activity of volatile oil of Angelica sinensis by plasma metabolomics approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:269-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
34
|
Effenberger-Neidnicht K, Jägers J, Verhaegh R, de Groot H. Glycine selectively reduces intestinal injury during endotoxemia. J Surg Res 2014; 192:592-8. [PMID: 25012270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycine is well known to protect the intestine against ischemia-reperfusion injury and during mechanical manipulation. Here, we studied whether glycine protects the small intestine during endotoxemia, even without being the site of the infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was infused at a rate of 1 mg/kg × h over a period of 7 h (subacute endotoxemia) in male Wistar rats. Glycine (single dose: 50 mg/kg × 15 min) was applied intravenously at 180 and 270 min after the beginning of the LPS infusion. Systemic parameters were periodically determined. The small intestine was analyzed for macroscopic (hemorrhages) and histopathologic changes (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and markers of inflammation (myeloperoxidase activity). RESULTS Glycine neither decreased mortality nor beneficially affected vital parameters (e.g., mean arterial blood pressure and breathing rate), electrolytes, blood gases including pH and base excess, and plasma parameters of tissue injury such as lactate concentration, hemolysis, and aminotransferases activities during experimental endotoxemia. It, however, specifically diminished the LPS-induced small intestinal injury, as indicated by less intestinal accumulation of blood, less intestinal hemorrhages, and reduced intestinal hemoglobin content. CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrate that glycine selectively protects the small intestine during subacute endotoxemia, even after manifestation of a severe systemic impairment. Because glycine is non-toxic at low doses, an administration of a moderate glycine dose (50-100 mg/kg) may be suitable to protect from intestinal damage during sepsis. Its true clinical potential, however, needs to be verified in further experimental studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Jägers
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Rabea Verhaegh
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Herbert de Groot
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Arora S, Kaur T, Kaur A, Singh AP. Glycine aggravates ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor activation in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:123-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
36
|
Schaumann T, Kraus D, Winter J, Wolf M, Deschner J, Jäger A. Potential immune modularly role of glycine in oral gingival inflammation. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:808367. [PMID: 24348681 PMCID: PMC3855959 DOI: 10.1155/2013/808367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gingival epithelial cells (GECs) represent a physical barrier against bacteria and are involved in the processes of innate immunity. Recently, an anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effect of the amino acid glycine has been demonstrated. However, there is only little information about the immune-modulatory effects of glycine in oral tissues. This study aimed to investigate the existence and role of the glycine receptor in gingival tissue analyzing tissues/cells from extracted human molars via immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, GECs were challenged by inflammatory conditions with IL-1 β alone or in combination with glycine and analyzed for cytokine expression of IL6/IL8 via real-time PCR. On protein level, the effect of nuclear translocalization of NF κ B protein p65 was analyzed using immunofluorescence analysis. A distinct proof of the GlyR in oral gingival tissue and keratinocytes could be demonstrated. Isolated challenge of the keratinocytes with IL-1 β as well as with glycine resulted in an upregulation of IL6 and IL8 mRNA expression and activation of NF κ B pathway. The presence of glycine in combination with the inflammatory stimulus led to a significant decrease in inflammatory parameters. These results indicate a possible anti-inflammatory role of glycine in gingival inflammation and encourage further research on the utility of glycine in the prevention or therapy of inflammatory periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Schaumann
- Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education, and Material Sciences, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bon, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine (CRU 208), Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hansen F, de Souza DF, Silveira SDL, Hoefel AL, Fontoura JB, Tramontina AC, Bobermin LD, Leite MC, Perry MLS, Gonçalves CA. Methylglyoxal alters glucose metabolism and increases AGEs content in C6 glioma cells. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:531-9. [PMID: 22802013 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal is a dicarbonyl compound that is physiologically produced by enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. It can lead to cytotoxicity, which is mainly related to Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) formation. Methylglyoxal and AGEs are involved in the pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases (ND) and, in these situations, can cause the impairment of energetic metabolism. Astroglial cells play critical roles in brain metabolism and the appropriate functioning of astrocytes is essential for the survival and function of neurons. However, there are only a few studies evaluating the effect of methylglyoxal on astroglial cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methylglyoxal exposure, over short (1 and 3 h) and long term (24 h) periods, on glucose, glycine and lactate metabolism in C6 glioma cells, as well as investigate the glyoxalase system and AGEs formation. Glucose uptake and glucose oxidation to CO(2) increased in 1 h and the conversion of glucose to lipids increased at 3 h. In addition, glycine oxidation to CO(2) and conversion of glycine to lipids increased at 1 h, whereas the incorporation of glycine in proteins decreased at 1 and 3 h. Methylglyoxal decreased glyoxalase I and II activities and increased AGEs content within 24 h. Lactate oxidation and lactate levels were not modified by methylglyoxal exposure. These data provide evidence that methylglyoxal may impair glucose metabolism and can affect glyoxalase activity. In periods of increased methylglyoxal exposure, such alterations could be exacerbated, leading to further increases in intracellular methylglyoxal and AGEs, and therefore triggering and/or worsening ND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Hansen
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Arafa NMS, Abdel-Rahman M, El-khadragy MF, Kassab RB. Evaluation of the Possible Epileptogenic Activity of Ciprofloxacin: The Role of Nigella sativa on Amino Acids Neurotransmitters. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:174-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
39
|
Lu Y, Zhang J, Ma B, Li K, Li X, Bai H, Yang Q, Zhu X, Ben J, Chen Q. Glycine attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in mice. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:649-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
40
|
Petrat F, Boengler K, Schulz R, de Groot H. Glycine, a simple physiological compound protecting by yet puzzling mechanism(s) against ischaemia-reperfusion injury: current knowledge. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2059-72. [PMID: 22044190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemia is amongst the leading causes of death. Despite this importance, there are only a few therapeutic approaches to protect from ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In experimental studies, the amino acid glycine effectively protected from IRI. In the prevention of IRI by glycine in cells and isolated perfused or cold-stored organs (tissues), direct cytoprotection plays a crucial role, most likely by prevention of the formation of pathological plasma membrane pores. Under in vivo conditions, the mechanism of protection by glycine is less clear, partly due to the physiological presence of the amino acid. Here, inhibition of the inflammatory response in the injured tissue is considered to contribute decisively to the glycine-induced reduction of IRI. However, attenuation of IRI recently achieved in experimental animals by low-dose glycine treatment regimens suggests additional/other (unknown) protective mechanisms. Despite the convincing experimental evidence and the large therapeutic width of glycine, there are only a few clinical trials on the protection from IRI by glycine with ambivalent results. Thus, both the mechanism(s) behind the protection of glycine against IRI in vivo and its true clinical potential remain to be addressed in future experimental studies/clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Petrat
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhong X, Li X, Qian L, Xu Y, Lu Y, Zhang J, Li N, Zhu X, Ben J, Yang Q, Chen Q. Glycine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis in rats. J Biomed Res 2012; 26:346-54. [PMID: 23554770 PMCID: PMC3613731 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.26.20110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine is a well-documented cytoprotective agent. However, whether it has a protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo is still unknown. By using an open-chest anesthetized rat model, we found that glycine reduced the infarct size by 21% in ischemia-reperfusion injury rats compared with that in the vehicle-treated MI/R rats. The left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening were increased by 19.11% and 30.98%, respectively, in glycine-treated rats. The plasma creatine kinase levels in ischemia-reperfusion injury rats decreased following glycine treatment. Importantly, administration of glycine significantly inhibited apoptosis in post-ischemia-reperfusion myocardium, which was accompanied by suppression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, as well as the Fas ligand. These results suggest that glycine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo by inhibiting cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Zhong
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bucking C, Glover CN, Wood CM. Digestion under Duress: Nutrient Acquisition and Metabolism during Hypoxia in the Pacific Hagfish. Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:607-17. [DOI: 10.1086/662630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
43
|
Ceyhan GO, Timm AK, Bergmann F, Günther A, Aghdassi AA, Demir IE, Mayerle J, Kern M, Lerch MM, Büchler MW, Friess H, Schemmer P. Prophylactic glycine administration attenuates pancreatic damage and inflammation in experimental acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2011; 11:57-67. [PMID: 21474970 DOI: 10.1159/000325972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by premature zymogen activation, systemic inflammatory response resulting in inflammatory infiltrates, sustained intracellular calcium, neurogenic inflammation and pain. The inhibitory neurotransmitter and cytoprotective amino acid glycine exerts a direct inhibitory effect on inflammatory cells, inhibits calcium influx and neuronal activation and therefore represents a putative therapeutic agent in AP. METHODS To explore the impact of glycine, mild AP was induced in rats by supramaximal cerulein stimulation (10 μg/kg BW/h) and severe AP by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate solution (3%) into the common biliopancreatic duct. 100/300 mmol glycine was administered intravenously before induction of AP. To elucidate the effect of glycine on AP, we determined pathomorphology, pancreatic cytokines as well as proteases, serum lipase and amylase, pancreatic and lung MPO activity and pain sensation. RESULTS Glycine administration resulted in a noticeable improvement of pathomorphological alterations in AP, such as a reduction of necrosis, inflammatory infiltrates and cytoplasmic vacuoles in cerulein pancreatitis. In taurocholate pancreatitis, glycine additionally diminished pancreatic cytokines and MPO activity, as well as serum lipase and amylase levels. CONCLUSIONS Glycine reduced the severity of mild and much more of severe AP by attenuating the intrapancreatic and systemic inflammatory response. Therefore, glycine seems to be a promising tool for prophylactic treatment of AP. and IAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G O Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Petrat F, Drowatzky J, Boengler K, Finckh B, Schmitz KJ, Schulz R, de Groot H. Protection from glycine at low doses in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat small intestine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 46:180-7. [PMID: 21454985 DOI: 10.1159/000324393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycine at high doses is known to protect the small intestine against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we studied whether glycine at low clinically applicable doses has a protective effect. METHODS In series 1, intestinal I/R was induced in male Wistar rats by occlusion (90 min)/reopening (120 min) of the superior mesenteric artery. Glycine was intravenously infused for 30 min before ischemia (pre-ischemic infusion), and once again from 30 min before until 60 min after reperfusion. Total glycine doses applied over the 120-min infusion were 5, 10, 20, and 75 mg glycine/kg. In series 2, pre-ischemic blood plasma glycine concentrations were determined under the conditions of series 1. RESULTS In series 1, attenuation of I/R injury was comparable at 10, 20, and 75 mg glycine/kg, but less at 5 mg/kg (as indicated by less intestinal hemorrhages and better preserved mean arterial blood pressure, among other signs). In series 2, pre-ischemic blood plasma glycine concentrations increased with increasing glycine doses from 280 to 330, 340, 380, and 680 μM, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that even at a dose 50 times lower than previously applied - and at only slightly elevated plasma concentrations - glycine provides full protection against I/R injury of the small intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Petrat
- Institute für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Glover CN, Bucking C, Wood CM. Characterisation of l-alanine and glycine absorption across the gut of an ancient vertebrate. J Comp Physiol B 2011; 181:765-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
46
|
Howard A, Hirst BH. The Glycine Transporter GLYT1 in Human Intestine: Expression and Function. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:784-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Howard
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University
| | - Barry Hugo Hirst
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Carmans S, Hendriks JJA, Thewissen K, Van den Eynden J, Stinissen P, Rigo JM, Hellings N. The inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine modulates macrophage activity by activation of neutral amino acid transporters. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:2420-30. [PMID: 20623529 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycine, an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), has been shown to modulate peripheral immune cell responses. In that respect, glycine levels are increased in several neuroinflammatory disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we show that glycine modulates macrophage effector functions implicated in CNS inflammation and in other, related inflammatory conditions. We demonstrate that glycine does not affect the production of reactive oxygen species but stimulates myelin phagocytosis and the production of the proinflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by rat macrophages. These effects of glycine are not mediated by the glycine receptor (GlyR) or by glycine transporters (GlyTs), as neither the GlyR antagonist strychnine nor the antagonist of GlyT1 (ALX5407) reverses the observed effects. In contrast, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, a substrate of neutral amino acid transporters (NAATs), inhibits the glycine-mediated enhancement of myelin phagocytosis as well as of NO and TNF-alpha production. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that glycine modulates macrophage function through activation of NAATs. Glycine may thereby influence immunological processes in inflammatory diseases involving macrophage activation and demyelination, including MS and related conditions associated with altered glycine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Carmans
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mikalauskas S, Mikalauskiene L, Bruns H, Nickkholgh A, Hoffmann K, Longerich T, Strupas K, Büchler MW, Schemmer P. Dietary glycine protects from chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity. Amino Acids 2010; 40:1139-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
49
|
Balansa W, Islam R, Fontaine F, Piggott AM, Zhang H, Webb TI, Gilbert DF, Lynch JW, Capon RJ. Ircinialactams: subunit-selective glycine receptor modulators from Australian sponges of the family Irciniidae. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2912-9. [PMID: 20346682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Screening an extract library of >2500 southern Australian and Antarctic marine invertebrates and algae for modulators of glycine receptor (GlyR) chloride channels identified three Irciniidae sponges that yielded new examples of a rare class of glycinyl lactam sesterterpene, ircinialactam A, 8-hydroxyircinialactam A, 8-hydroxyircinialactam B, ircinialactam C, ent-ircinialactam C and ircinialactam D. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations revealed a new pharmacophore with potent and subunit selective modulatory properties against alpha1 and alpha3 GlyR isoforms. Such GlyR modulators have potential application as pharmacological tools, and as leads for the development of GlyR targeting therapeutics to treat chronic inflammatory pain, epilepsy, spasticity and hyperekplexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Balansa
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Howard A, Tahir I, Javed S, Waring SM, Ford D, Hirst BH. Glycine transporter GLYT1 is essential for glycine-mediated protection of human intestinal epithelial cells against oxidative damage. J Physiol 2010; 588:995-1009. [PMID: 20123783 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.186262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine protects mammalian intestine against oxidative damage caused by ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and prevents or reverses experimentally-induced colitis. However the mechanism of protection remains largely unknown. The objectives of the current study were to demonstrate directly glycine-mediated protection of human intestinal epithelial cells and to determine the requirement for glycine uptake by the specific transporter GLYT1. Exogenous glycine protected human intestinal Caco-2 and HCT-8 cells against the oxidative agent tert-butylhydroperoxide and reduced the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species, when applied prior to but not concomitant with the oxidative challenge. Glycine given prior to oxidative challenge preserved intracellular glutathione concentration but had no effect on the rate of glycine uptake. Protection was dependent on GLYT1 activity, being blocked by a specific GLYT1 inhibitor, supporting a requirement for intracellular glycine accumulation. Maintained intracellular glutathione content is indicated as a mechanism through which the protective effect may in part be mediated. However expression of the genes encoding GLYT1 and the glutathione synthesising enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase, both catalytic and modifier subunits, and glutathione synthetase was not altered by glycine or tert-butylhydroperoxide, suggesting transcriptional regulation is not involved. This work has demonstrated a novel role of GLYT1 in intestine and shown that intestinal epithelial cells respond directly to oxidative challenge without reliance on extra-epithelial tissues or functions such as neurone, blood-flow or immune responses for antioxidant defence. The protective actions of glycine and maintenance of epithelial antioxidant defences suggest it may be beneficial in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Howard
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|