1
|
Barrios-Leal DY, Mateus RP, Santos CG, Manfrin MH. Plastic Variation in the Phyletic Lineages of Cactophilic Drosophila meridionalis and Relation to Hosts as Potential for Diversification. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:515-523. [PMID: 33846963 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The insect/plant interaction is known to be a trigger for diversification and even speciation. Experimental analyses on fitness traits and phenotypic variation using alternative host sites have been performed to understand the process of diversification relative to insect/plant interactions. For cactophilic species of Drosophila, the speciation process is considered an adaptive radiation in response to the exploration of species of the Cactaceae as breeding and feeding sites. In this work, we analyzed life history and morphological traits in individuals from two phyletic lineages (Evolutionarily Significant Units ESU) of the cactophilic species Drosophila meridionalis (Wasserman 1962) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) raised from media prepare. The characters analyzed corresponded to viability, developmental time, and four morphological measurements. The experiments were performed in a semi-natural medium prepared with fermenting tissues of the natural hosts, Cereus hildmaniannus and Opuntia monacantha. Viability, development time, and three morphological measurements were influenced by lineage, suggesting differentiation between the lineages. However, in O. monacantha, the mean viability was greater (~15%) and development time was longer (~336 h) than in C. hildmaniannus (~11% and ~301 h, respectively). Only the developmental time was significantly affected by the host cactus. In general, ESU group A had better values than ESU group BC for the evaluated traits. This finding suggested differentiation between the two lineages and different plastic responsiveness to the contrasting environments of the hosts, and that C. hildmaniannus may be a relatively stressful environment for the larvae, as for other Drosophila species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Yovana Barrios-Leal
- Pós-Graduação em Genética - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Univ de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rogério P Mateus
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas - DEBIO, Univ Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cintia Graziela Santos
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Univ de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maura Helena Manfrin
- Pós-Graduação em Genética - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Univ de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- Depto de Biologia - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Univ de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kemp DJ. Genotype-environment interaction reveals varied developmental responses to unpredictable host phenology in a tropical insect. Evolution 2021; 75:1537-1551. [PMID: 33749853 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of life history plasticity may inform resilience under environmental change, but relatively little is known for the inhabitants of unpredictable wet-dry tropical environments. Here, I explore the quantitative genetics of juvenile growth and development relative to hostplant phenology in the butterfly Eurema hecabe. Wet season generations of this species breed explosively on leguminous annuals whereas dry season generations subsist at low density upon an alternative perennial host. The wet-to-dry season transition is temporally unpredictable and marked by widespread host defoliation, forcing a large cohort of stranded larvae to either pupate prematurely or prolong development in the hope of renewed foliage production. A split-brood experiment demonstrated greater performance on high quality annual as opposed to perennial host foliage and a marked decline under the stressed conditions faced by stranded wet season larvae. Genetic variances for rates of growth and development were equivalent among high quality treatments but strikingly elevated under resource stress, and the associated cross-environment genetic correlations were indistinguishable from zero. The results demonstrate genotype-environment interaction involving both rank order and variance scale, thereby revealing genetic variance for norms of reaction that may reflect variable risk aversion given an unpredictable tropical host phenology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petino Zappala MA, Satorre I, Fanara JJ. Stage- and thermal-specific genetic architecture for preadult viability in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:683-693. [PMID: 30924196 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studying the processes affecting variation for preadult viability is essential to understand the evolutionary trajectories followed by natural populations. This task requires focusing on the complex nature of the phenotype-genotype relationship by taking into account usually neglected aspects of the phenotype and recognizing the modularity between different ontogenetic stages. Here, we describe phenotypic variability for viability during the larval and pupal stages in lines derived from three natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster, as well as the variability for phenotypic plasticity and canalization at two different rearing temperatures. The results indicate that the three populations present significant phenotypic differences for preadult viability. Furthermore, distinct aspects of the phenotype (means, plasticity, canalization, plasticity of canalization) are affected by different genetic bases underlying changes in viability in a stage- and environment-specific manner. These findings explain the generalized maintenance of genetic variability for this fitness trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Petino Zappala
- Departamento de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucion - IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Satorre
- Departamento de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucion - IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Juan José Fanara
- Departamento de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucion - IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hou Z, Wei C. De novo comparative transcriptome analysis of a rare cicada, with identification of candidate genes related to adaptation to a novel host plant and drier habitats. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:182. [PMID: 30845906 PMCID: PMC6407286 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the importance of host plant chemistry in plant–insect interactions is widely recognized, our understanding about the genetic basis underlying the relationship between changes in midgut proteins and adaptation of plant-feeding insects to novel host plants and habitats is very limited. To address this knowledge gap, the transcriptional profiles of midguts among three populations of the cicada Subpsaltria yangi Chen were compared. Among which, the Hancheng (HC) and Fengxiang (FX) populations occurring in the Loess Plateau feed on Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow, while the population occurring in a much drier habitat in the Helan (HL) Mountains is locally specialized on a chemically divergent plant, Ephedra lepidosperma C. Y. Cheng. Results Based on comparative analysis, 1826 (HL vs HC) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 723 DEGs (HL vs FX) were identified between the populations utilizing different host plants, including 20, 36, 2, 5 and 2 genes related to digestion, detoxification, oxidation-reduction, stress response and water-deprivation response, respectively, and 35 genes presumably associated with osmoregulation. However, only 183 DEGs were identified between the HC and FX populations, including two genes related to detoxification, two genes related to stress response, and one gene presumably associated with osmoregulation. These results suggest that the weakest expression differences were between the populations utilizing the same host plant and occurring in the closest habitats, which may help explain the metabolic mechanism of adaptation in S. yangi populations to novel host plants and new niches. Conclusions The observed differences in gene expression among S. yangi populations are consistent with the hypothesis that the host plant shift and habitat adaptation in the HL population was facilitated by differential regulation of genes related to digestion, detoxification, oxidation-reduction, stress response, water-deprivation response and osmoregulation. The results may inform future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between changes in midgut proteins and adaptation of herbivorous insects to novel host plants and new niches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5547-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Inversion frequencies and phenotypic effects are modulated by the environment: insights from a reciprocal transplant study in Coelopa frigida. Evol Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-018-9960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
6
|
Study of Natural Genetic Variation in Early Fitness Traits Reveals Decoupling Between Larval and Pupal Developmental Time in Drosophila melanogaster. Evol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-018-9461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
7
|
Nystrand M, Cassidy EJ, Dowling DK. The effects of a bacterial challenge on reproductive success of fruit flies evolved under low or high sexual selection. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9341-9352. [PMID: 30377505 PMCID: PMC6194216 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of individuals to cope with stress, for example, from pathogen exposure, might decrease with increasing levels of sexual selection, although it remains unclear which sex should be more sensitive. Here, we measured the ability of each sex to maintain high reproductive success following challenges with either heat-killed bacteria or procedural control, across replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster evolved under either high or low levels of sexual selection. Our experiment was run across four separate sampling blocks. We found an interaction between bacterial treatment, sexual selection treatment, and sampling block on female reproductive success. Specifically, and only in the fourth block, we observed that bacterial-challenged females that had evolved under high sexual selection, exhibited lower reproductive success than bacterial-challenged females that had evolved under low sexual selection. Furthermore, we could trace this block-specific effect to a reduction in viscosity of the ovipositioning substrate in the fourth block, in which females laid around 50% more eggs than in previous blocks. In contrast, patterns of male reproductive success were consistent across blocks. Males that evolved under high sexual selection exhibited higher reproductive success than their low-selection counterparts, regardless of whether they were subjected to a bacterial challenge or not. Our results are consistent with the prediction that heightened sexual selection will invoke male-specific evolutionary increases in reproductive fitness. Furthermore, our findings suggest that females might pay fitness costs when exposed to high levels of sexual selection, but that these costs may lie cryptic, and only be revealed under certain environmental contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth J. Cassidy
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Department of Plant and Organismal BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hasson E, De Panis D, Hurtado J, Mensch J. Host Plant Adaptation in Cactophilic Species of theDrosophila buzzatiiCluster: Fitness and Transcriptomics. J Hered 2018; 110:46-57. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Hasson
- IEGEBA (CONICET/UBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego De Panis
- IEGEBA (CONICET/UBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Hurtado
- IEGEBA (CONICET/UBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Mensch
- IEGEBA (CONICET/UBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iglesias PP, Soto EM, Soto IM, Colines B, Hasson E. The influence of developmental environment on courtship song in cactophilicDrosophila. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:957-967. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P. Iglesias
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Eduardo M. Soto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ignacio M. Soto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Betina Colines
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stefanini MI, Milla Carmona P, Iglesias PP, Soto EM, Soto IM. Differential Rates of Male Genital Evolution in Sibling Species of Drosophila. Evol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-018-9444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Fanara JJ, Werenkraut V. Phenotypic plasticity in Drosophila cactophilic species: the effect of competition, density, and breeding sites. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:675-683. [PMID: 27061856 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the environmental conditions experienced by naturally occurring populations are frequently accompanied by changes in adaptive traits allowing the organism to cope with environmental unpredictability. Phenotypic plasticity is a major aspect of adaptation and it has been involved in population dynamics of interacting species. In this study, phenotypic plasticity (i.e., environmental sensitivity) of morphological adaptive traits were analyzed in the cactophilic species Drosophila buzzatii and Drosophila koepferae (Diptera: Drosophilidae) considering the effect of crowding conditions (low and high density), type of competition (intraspecific and interspecific competition) and cacti hosts (Opuntia and Columnar cacti). All traits (wing length, wing width, thorax length, wing loading and wing aspect) showed significant variation for each environmental factor considered in both Drosophila species. The phenotypic plasticity pattern observed for each trait was different within and between these cactophilic Drosophila species depending on the environmental factor analyzed suggesting that body size-related traits respond almost independently to environmental heterogeneity. The effects of ecological factors analyzed in this study are discussed in order to elucidate the causal factors investigated (type of competition, crowding conditions and alternative host) affecting the election of the breeding site and/or the range of distribution of these cactophilic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Fanara
- Departamento de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucion, Instituto de Ecologia Genetica y Evolucion de Buenos Aires (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon II, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Werenkraut
- Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue/INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Horváth B, Kalinka AT. Effects of larval crowding on quantitative variation for development time and viability in Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8460-8473. [PMID: 28031798 PMCID: PMC5167028 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition between individuals belonging to the same species is a universal feature of natural populations and is the process underpinning organismal adaptation. Despite its importance, still comparatively little is known about the genetic variation responsible for competitive traits. Here, we measured the phenotypic variation and quantitative genetics parameters for two fitness-related traits-egg-to-adult viability and development time-across a panel of Drosophila strains under varying larval densities. Both traits exhibited substantial genetic variation at all larval densities, as well as significant genotype-by-environment interactions (GEIs). GEI was attributable to changes in the rank order of reaction norms for both traits, and additionally to differences in the between-line variance for development time. The coefficient of genetic variation increased under stress conditions for development time, while it was higher at both high and low densities for viability. While development time also correlated negatively with fitness at high larval densities-meaning that fast developers have high fitness-there was no correlation with fitness at low density. This result suggests that GEI may be a common feature of fitness-related genetic variation and, further, that trait values under noncompetitive conditions could be poor indicators of individual fitness. The latter point could have significant implications for animal and plant breeding programs, as well as for conservation genetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Horváth
- Institut für Populationsgenetik Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien A-1210 Vienna Austria; Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien A-1210, Vienna Austria
| | - Alex T Kalinka
- Institut für Populationsgenetik Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien A-1210 Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Horváth B, Betancourt AJ, Kalinka AT. A novel method for quantifying the rate of embryogenesis uncovers considerable genetic variation for the duration of embryonic development in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:200. [PMID: 27717305 PMCID: PMC5054588 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryogenesis is a highly conserved, canalized process, and variation in the duration of embryogenesis (DOE), i.e., time from egg lay to hatching, has a potentially profound effect on the outcome of within- and between-species competition. There is both intra- and inter-specific variation in this trait, which may provide important fuel for evolutionary processes, particularly adaptation. However, while genetic variation underlying simpler morphological traits, or with large phenotypic effects is well described in the literature, less is known about the underlying genetics of traits, such as DOE, partly due to a lack of tools with which to study them. RESULTS Here, we establish a novel microscope-based assay to survey genetic variation for the duration of embryogenesis (DOE). First, to establish the potential importance of DOE in competitive fitness, we performed a set of experiments where we experimentally manipulated the time until hatching, and show that short hatching times result in priority effect in the form of improved larval competitive ability. We then use our assay to measure DOE for 43 strains from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Our assay greatly simplifies the measurement of DOE, making it possible to precisely quantify this trait for 59,295 individual embryos (mean ± S.D. of 1103 ± 293 per DGRP strain, and 1002 ± 203 per control). We find extensive genetic variation in DOE, with a 15 % difference in rate between the slowest and fastest strains measured, and 89 % of phenotypic variation due to DGRP strain. Using sequence information from the DGRP, we perform a genome-wide association study, which suggests that some well-known developmental genes affect the speed of embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS We showed that the duration of embryogenesis (DOE) can be efficiently and precisely measured in Drosophila, and that the DGRP strains show remarkable variation in DOE. A genome-wide analysis suggests that some well-known developmental genes are potentially associated with DOE. Further functional assays, or transcriptomic analysis of embryos from the DGRP, can validate the role of our candidates in early developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Horváth
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria. .,Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, A-1210, Austria.
| | - Andrea J Betancourt
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex T Kalinka
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
De Panis DN, Padró J, Furió-Tarí P, Tarazona S, Milla Carmona PS, Soto IM, Dopazo H, Conesa A, Hasson E. Transcriptome modulation during host shift is driven by secondary metabolites in desert Drosophila. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4534-50. [PMID: 27483442 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput transcriptome studies are breaking new ground to investigate the responses that organisms deploy in alternative environments. Nevertheless, much remains to be understood about the genetic basis of host plant adaptation. Here, we investigate genome-wide expression in the fly Drosophila buzzatii raised in different conditions. This species uses decaying tissues of cactus of the genus Opuntia as primary rearing substrate and secondarily, the necrotic tissues of the columnar cactus Trichocereus terscheckii. The latter constitutes a harmful host, rich in mescaline and other related phenylethylamine alkaloids. We assessed the transcriptomic responses of larvae reared in Opuntia sulphurea and T. terscheckii, with and without the addition of alkaloids extracted from the latter. Whole-genome expression profiles were massively modulated by the rearing environment, mainly by the presence of T. terscheckii alkaloids. Differentially expressed genes were mainly related to detoxification, oxidation-reduction and stress response; however, we also found genes involved in development and neurobiological processes. In conclusion, our study contributes new data onto the role of transcriptional plasticity in response to alternative rearing environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego N De Panis
- IEGEBA-CONICET, UNiversidad de Buenos Aires, FAcultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428 EHA), CABA, Argentina.
| | - Julián Padró
- IEGEBA-CONICET, UNiversidad de Buenos Aires, FAcultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428 EHA), CABA, Argentina
| | - Pedro Furió-Tarí
- Genomics of Gene Expression Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Sonia Tarazona
- Genomics of Gene Expression Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain.,Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Pablo S Milla Carmona
- IEGEBA-CONICET, UNiversidad de Buenos Aires, FAcultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428 EHA), CABA, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Fósiles, Instituto de Estudios Andinos Don Pablo Groeber (CONICET-UBA), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428 EHA), CABA, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M Soto
- IEGEBA-CONICET, UNiversidad de Buenos Aires, FAcultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428 EHA), CABA, Argentina
| | - Hernán Dopazo
- IEGEBA-CONICET, UNiversidad de Buenos Aires, FAcultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428 EHA), CABA, Argentina
| | - Ana Conesa
- Genomics of Gene Expression Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain. .,Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida at Gainesville, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA.
| | - Esteban Hasson
- IEGEBA-CONICET, UNiversidad de Buenos Aires, FAcultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428 EHA), CABA, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peluso D, Soto EM, Kreiman L, Hasson E, Mensch J. Contrasting Plasticity in Ovariole Number Induced by A Dietary Effect of the Host Plants between Cactophilic Drosophila Species. INSECTS 2016; 7:insects7020021. [PMID: 27213456 PMCID: PMC4931433 DOI: 10.3390/insects7020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Under the preference-performance hypothesis, natural selection will favor females that choose oviposition sites that optimize the fitness of their offspring. Such a preference-performance relationship may entail important consequences mainly on fitness-related traits. We used the well-characterized cactus-Drosophila system to investigate the reproductive capacity in the pair of sibling species D. buzzatii and D. koepferae reared in two alternative host plants. According to our hypothesis, ovariole number (as a proxy of reproductive capacity) depends on host plant selection. Our results indicate that the capacity of D. buzzatii showed to be mild, only increasing the number of ovarioles by as much as 10% when reared in its preferred host. In contrast, D. koepferae exhibited a similar reproductive capacity across host cacti, even though it showed a preference for its primary host cactus. Our study also revealed that D. buzzatii has a larger genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity than its sibling, although ovariole number did not show clear-cut differences between species. We will discuss the weak preference-performance pattern observed in these cactophilic species in the light of nutritional and toxicological differences found between the natural host plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Peluso
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo M Soto
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Lucas Kreiman
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Esteban Hasson
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Julián Mensch
- IEGEBA-CONICET-UBA, DEGE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Feldmeyer B, Greshake B, Funke E, Ebersberger I, Pfenninger M. Positive selection in development and growth rate regulation genes involved in species divergence of the genus Radix. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:164. [PMID: 26281847 PMCID: PMC4539673 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Life history traits like developmental time, age and size at maturity are directly related to fitness in all organisms and play a major role in adaptive evolution and speciation processes. Comparative genomic or transcriptomic approaches to identify positively selected genes involved in species divergence can help to generate hypotheses on the driving forces behind speciation. Here we use a bottom-up approach to investigate this hypothesis by comparative analysis of orthologous transcripts of four closely related European Radix species. Results Snails of the genus Radix occupy species specific distribution ranges with distinct climatic niches, indicating a potential for natural selection driven speciation based on ecological niche differentiation. We then inferred phylogenetic relationships among the four Radix species based on whole mt-genomes plus 23 nuclear loci. Three different tests to infer selection and changes in amino acid properties yielded a total of 134 genes with signatures of positive selection. The majority of these genes belonged to the functional gene ontology categories “reproduction” and “genitalia” with an overrepresentation of the functions “development” and “growth rate”. Conclusions We show here that Radix species divergence may be primarily enforced by selection on life history traits such as (larval-) development and growth rate. We thus hypothesise that life history differences may confer advantages under the according climate regimes, e.g., species occupying warmer and dryer habitats might have a fitness advantage with fast developing susceptible life stages, which are more tolerant to habitat desiccation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0434-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Feldmeyer
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany. .,Evolutionary Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Müllerweg 6, Mainz, 55099, Germany.
| | - Bastian Greshake
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany. .,Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Maxvon-Laue Str. 13, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Funke
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany.
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Maxvon-Laue Str. 13, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany.
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Differences in tolerance to host cactus alkaloids in Drosophila koepferae and D. buzzatii. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88370. [PMID: 24520377 PMCID: PMC3919786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of cactophily in the genus Drosophila was a major ecological transition involving over a hundred species in the Americas that acquired the capacity to cope with a variety of toxic metabolites evolved as feeding deterrents in Cactaceae. D. buzzatii and D. koepferae are sibling cactophilic species in the D. repleta group. The former is mainly associated with the relatively toxic-free habitat offered by prickly pears (Opuntia sulphurea) and the latter has evolved the ability to use columnar cacti of the genera Trichocereus and Cereus that contain an array of alkaloid secondary compounds. We assessed the effects of cactus alkaloids on fitness-related traits and evaluated the ability of D. buzzatii and D. koepferae to exploit an artificial novel toxic host. Larvae of both species were raised in laboratory culture media to which we added increasing doses of an alkaloid fraction extracted from the columnar cactus T. terschekii. In addition, we evaluated performance on an artificial novel host by rearing larvae in a seminatural medium that combined the nutritional quality of O. sulphurea plus amounts of alkaloids found in fresh T. terschekii. Performance scores in each rearing treatment were calculated using an index that took into account viability, developmental time, and adult body size. Only D. buzzatii suffered the effects of increasing doses of alkaloids and the artificial host impaired viability in D. koepferae, but did not affect performance in D. buzzatii. These results provide the first direct evidence that alkaloids are key determinants of host plant use in these species. However, the results regarding the artificial novel host suggest that the effects of alkaloids on performance are not straightforward as D. koepferae was heavily affected. We discuss these results in the light of patterns of host plan evolution in the Drosophila repleta group.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mateus RP, Moura MO, Manfrin MH, Monteiro SG, Sene FM. Contrasting patterns of within-species morphological variation in two cactophilic Drosophila species (Diptera: Drosophilidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:384-392. [PMID: 23949858 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-013-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the morphological variation of the intromittent male copulatory organ (aedeagus) of specimens from natural populations of two cactophilic Drosophila species distributed in the southeast region of Brazil, Drosophila gouveai Tidon-Sklorz & Sene and Drosophila antonietae Tidon-Sklorz & Sene. It was explored how the within-species variability is arranged for both species, considering their historical and ecological features. Our results showed two distinct aedeagal morphologies for these species, and differences within species were observed only in D. gouveai as specimens could be distinguished by their population origin. In contrast, after size discrepancies correction, this feature was not detected in D. antonietae. The contrasting patterns of intraspecific variation, together with the other features exhibited by these two species, are most likely to be explained by differences in the historical host plant association and distribution and in demographic events, which determined the evolutionary history of these two South American cactophilic Drosophila species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Mateus
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carreira VP, Imberti MA, Mensch J, Fanara JJ. Gene-by-temperature interactions and candidate plasticity genes for morphological traits in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70851. [PMID: 23936253 PMCID: PMC3728209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of any quantitative trait requires identifying the genes involved in its expression in different environmental conditions. This goal can be achieved by mutagenesis screens in genetically tractable model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. Temperature during ontogenesis is an important environmental factor affecting development and phenotypic variation in holometabolous insects. In spite of the importance of phenotypic plasticity and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for fitness related traits, its genetic basis has remained elusive. In this context, we analyzed five different adult morphological traits (face width, head width, thorax length, wing size and wing shape) in 42 co-isogenic single P-element insertional lines of Drosophila melanogaster raised at 17°C and 25°C. Our analyses showed that all lines differed from the control for at least one trait in males or females at either temperature. However, no line showed those differences for all traits in both sexes and temperatures simultaneously. In this sense, the most pleiotropic candidate genes were CG34460, Lsd-2 and Spn. Our analyses also revealed extensive genetic variation for all the characters mostly indicated by strong GEIs. Further, our results indicate that GEIs were predominantly explained by changes in ranking order in all cases suggesting that a moderate number of genes are involved in the expression of each character at both temperatures. Most lines displayed a plastic response for at least one trait in either sex. In this regard, P-element insertions affecting plasticity of a large number of traits were associated to the candidate genes Btk29A, CG43340, Drak and jim. Further studies will help to elucidate the relevance of these genes on the morphogenesis of different body structures in natural populations of D. melanogaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Paula Carreira
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Corio C, Soto IM, Carreira V, Padró J, Betti MIL, Hasson E. An alkaloid fraction extracted from the cactusTrichocereus terscheckiiaffects fitness in the cactophilic flyDrosophila buzzatii(Diptera: Drosophilidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Corio
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA - CONICET/UBA); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ignacio M. Soto
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA - CONICET/UBA); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Valeria Carreira
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA - CONICET/UBA); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Julián Padró
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA - CONICET/UBA); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María I. L. Betti
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA - CONICET/UBA); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA - CONICET/UBA); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II (C1428 EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Soto IM, Carreira VP, Soto EM, Márquez F, Lipko P, Hasson E. Rapid Divergent Evolution of Male Genitalia Among Populations of Drosophila buzzatii. Evol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-013-9223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
22
|
Franke K, Dierks A, Fischer K. Directional selection on cold tolerance does not constrain plastic capacity in a butterfly. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:235. [PMID: 23217138 PMCID: PMC3538507 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organisms may respond to environmental change by means of genetic adaptation, phenotypic plasticity or both, which may result in genotype-environment interactions (G x E) if genotypes differ in their phenotypic response. We here specifically target the latter source of variation (i.e. G x E) by comparing plastic responses among lines of the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana that had been selected for increased cold tolerance and according controls. Our main aim here was to test the hypothesis that directional selection on cold tolerance will interfere with plastic capacities. Results Plastic responses to temperature and feeding treatments were strong, with e.g. higher compared to lower temperatures reducing cold tolerance, longevity, pupal mass, and development time. We report a number of statistically significant genotype-environment interactions (i.e. interactions between selection regime and environmental variables), but most of these were not consistent across treatment groups. We found some evidence though for larger plastic responses to different rearing temperatures in the selection compared to the control lines, while plastic responses to different adult temperatures and feeding treatments were overall very similar across selection regimes. Conclusion Our results indicate that plastic capacities are not always constrained by directional selection (on cold tolerance) and therefore genetic changes in trait means, but may operate independently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Franke
- Department of Animal Ecology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, J,-S, Bachstraße 11/12, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Soto EM, Goenaga J, Hurtado JP, Hasson E. Oviposition and performance in natural hosts in cactophilic Drosophila. Evol Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-011-9531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
24
|
Stage-specific effects of candidate heterochronic genes on variation in developmental time along an altitudinal cline of Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11229. [PMID: 20585460 PMCID: PMC2887892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have shown there is clinal variation for egg-to-adult developmental time along geographic gradients in Drosophila melanogaster. Further, we also have identified mutations in genes involved in metabolic and neurogenic pathways that affect development time (heterochronic genes). However, we do not know whether these loci affect variation in developmental time in natural populations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we constructed second chromosome substitution lines from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster from an altitudinal cline, and measured egg-adult development time for each line. We found not only a large amount of genetic variation for developmental time, but also positive associations of the development time with thermal amplitude and altitude. We performed genetic complementation tests using substitution lines with the longest and shortest developmental times and heterochronic mutations. We identified segregating variation for neurogenic and metabolic genes that largely affected the duration of the larval stages but had no impact on the timing of metamorphosis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Altitudinal clinal variation in developmental time for natural chromosome substitution lines provides a unique opportunity to dissect the response of heterochronic genes to environmental gradients. Ontogenetic stage-specific variation in invected, mastermind, cricklet and CG14591 may affect natural variation in development time and thermal evolution.
Collapse
|
25
|
SOTO IGNACIOM, HASSON ESTEBANR, MANFRIN MAURAH. Wing morphology is related to host plants in cactophilic Drosophila gouveai and Drosophila antonietae (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
FOLGUERA GUILLERMO, CEBALLOS SANTIAGO, SPEZZI LUCIANA, FANARA JUANJOSÉ, HASSON ESTEBAN. Clinal variation in developmental time and viability, and the response to thermal treatments in two species of Drosophila. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Mensch J, Lavagnino N, Carreira VP, Massaldi A, Hasson E, Fanara JJ. Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2008; 8:78. [PMID: 18687152 PMCID: PMC2519079 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Understanding the genetic architecture of ecologically relevant adaptive traits requires the contribution of developmental and evolutionary biology. The time to reach the age of reproduction is a complex life history trait commonly known as developmental time. In particular, in holometabolous insects that occupy ephemeral habitats, like fruit flies, the impact of developmental time on fitness is further exaggerated. The present work is one of the first systematic studies of the genetic basis of developmental time, in which we also evaluate the impact of environmental variation on the expression of the trait. Results We analyzed 179 co-isogenic single P[GT1]-element insertion lines of Drosophila melanogaster to identify novel genes affecting developmental time in flies reared at 25°C. Sixty percent of the lines showed a heterochronic phenotype, suggesting that a large number of genes affect this trait. Mutant lines for the genes Merlin and Karl showed the most extreme phenotypes exhibiting a developmental time reduction and increase, respectively, of over 2 days and 4 days relative to the control (a co-isogenic P-element insertion free line). In addition, a subset of 42 lines selected at random from the initial set of 179 lines was screened at 17°C. Interestingly, the gene-by-environment interaction accounted for 52% of total phenotypic variance. Plastic reaction norms were found for a large number of developmental time candidate genes. Conclusion We identified components of several integrated time-dependent pathways affecting egg-to-adult developmental time in Drosophila. At the same time, we also show that many heterochronic phenotypes may arise from changes in genes involved in several developmental mechanisms that do not explicitly control the timing of specific events. We also demonstrate that many developmental time genes have pleiotropic effects on several adult traits and that the action of most of them is sensitive to temperature during development. Taken together, our results stress the need to take into account the effect of environmental variation and the dynamics of gene interactions on the genetic architecture of this complex life-history trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Mensch
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Galletly BC, Blows MW, Marshall DJ. Genetic mechanisms of pollution resistance in a marine invertebrate. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2007; 17:2290-2297. [PMID: 18213969 DOI: 10.1890/06-2079.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pollution is a common stress in the marine environment and one of today's most powerful agents of selection, yet we have little understanding of how anthropogenic toxicants influence mechanisms of adaptation in marine populations. Due to their life history strategies, marine invertebrates are unable to avoid stress and must adapt to variable environments. We examined the genetic basis of pollution resistance across multiple environments using the marine invertebrate, Styela plicata. Gametes were crossed in a quantitative genetic breeding design to enable partitioning of additive genetic variance across a concentration gradient of a common marine pollutant, copper. Hatching success was scored as a measure of stress resistance in copper concentrations of 0, 75, 150, and 350 microg/L. There was a significant genotype x environment interaction in hatching success across copper concentrations. Further analysis using factor analytic modeling confirmed a significant dimension of across-environment genetic variation where the genetic basis of resistance to stress in the first three environments differed from that in the environment of highest copper concentration. A second genetic dimension further differentiated between the genetic basis of resistance to low and high stress environments. These results suggest that marine organisms use different genetic mechanisms to adapt to different levels of pollution and that the level of genetic variation to adapt to intense pollution stresses may be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn C Galletly
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Soto IM, Carreira VP, Fanara JJ, Hasson E. Evolution of male genitalia: environmental and genetic factors affect genital morphology in two Drosophila sibling species and their hybrids. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:77. [PMID: 17504529 PMCID: PMC1878482 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-7-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid evolution of genital morphology is a fascinating feature that accompanies many speciation events. However, the underlying patterns and explanatory processes remain to be settled. In this work we investigate the patterns of intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence in male genitalic morphology (size and shape) in the cactophilic sibling species Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae. Genital morphology in interspecific hybrids was examined and compared to the corresponding parental lines. Results Despite of being siblings, D. buzzatii and D. koepferae showed contrasting patterns of genital morphological variation. Though genitalic size and shape variation have a significant genetic component in both species, shape varied across host cacti only in D. buzzatii. Such plastic expression of genital shape is the first evidence of the effect of rearing substrate on genitalic morphology in Drosophila. Hybrid genital morphology was not intermediate between parental species and the morphological resemblance to parental strains was cross-dependent. Conclusion Our results suggest the evolution of different developmental networks after interspecific divergence and the existence of a complex genetic architecture, involving genetic factors with major effects affecting genital morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Soto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria P Carreira
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J Fanara
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|