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Kumar VK, Lackey A, Snyder J, Karhadkar S, Rao AD, DiCarlo A, Sato PY. Mitochondrial Membrane Intracellular Communication in Healthy and Diseased Myocardium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:609241. [PMID: 33425917 PMCID: PMC7786191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the twenty-first century have been paramount to the discovery and development of novel pharmacological treatments in a variety of diseases resulting in improved life expectancy. Yet, cardiac disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over time, there has been an expansion in conditions such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Although past research has elucidated specific pathways that participate in the development of distinct cardiac pathologies, the exact mechanisms of action leading to disease remain to be fully characterized. Protein turnover and cellular bioenergetics are integral components of cardiac diseases, highlighting the importance of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in driving cellular homeostasis. More specifically, the interactions between mitochondria and ER are crucial to calcium signaling, apoptosis induction, autophagy, and lipid biosynthesis. Here, we summarize mitochondrial and ER functions and physical interactions in healthy physiological states. We then transition to perturbations that occur in response to pathophysiological challenges and how this alters mitochondrial–ER and other intracellular organelle interactions. Finally, we discuss lifestyle interventions and innovative therapeutic targets that may be used to restore beneficial mitochondrial and ER interactions, thereby improving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu K Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Atreju Lackey
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Snyder
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sunil Karhadkar
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ajay D Rao
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Antonio DiCarlo
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Priscila Y Sato
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Robert V, Gurlini P, Tosello V, Nagai T, Miyawaki A, Di Lisa F, Pozzan T. Beat-to-beat oscillations of mitochondrial [Ca2+] in cardiac cells. EMBO J 2001; 20:4998-5007. [PMID: 11532963 PMCID: PMC125611 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.17.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin and the new green fluorescent protein-based fluorescent Ca2+ indicators 'ratiometric-pericam' were selectively expressed in the mitochondria, cytosol and/or nucleus of spontaneously beating ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats. This combined strategy reveals that mitochondrial [Ca2+] oscillates rapidly and in synchrony with cytosolic and nuclear [Ca2+]. The Ca2+ oscillations were reduced in frequency and/or amplitude by verapamil and carbachol and were enhanced by isoproterenol and elevation of extracellular [Ca2+]. An increased frequency and/or amplitude of cytosolic Ca2+ spikes was rapidly mirrored by similar changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ spikes and more slowly by elevations of the interspike Ca2+ levels. The present data unequivocally demonstrate that in cardiac cells mitochondrial [Ca2+] oscillates synchronously with cytosolic [Ca2+] and that mitochondrial Ca2+ handling rapidly adapts to inotropic or chronotropic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Robert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Center of Biomembranes and
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Via Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy and Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan Corresponding author e-mail:
| | | | | | - Takeharu Nagai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Center of Biomembranes and
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Via Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy and Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Center of Biomembranes and
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Via Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy and Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Center of Biomembranes and
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Via Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy and Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan Corresponding author e-mail:
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Komuro I, Kurabayashi M, Shibazaki Y, Takaku F, Yazaki Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of a Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase from rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Regulation of its expression by pressure overload and developmental stage. J Clin Invest 1989; 83:1102-8. [PMID: 2522936 PMCID: PMC303795 DOI: 10.1172/jci113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the regulation of expression of cardiac Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), we isolated cDNA (pHA6) encoding a Ca2+-ATPase of rat cardiac SR. The clone consisted of 2,311 mRNA-derived nucleotides, which covered half the coding region and the entire 3'-untranslated regions. The nucleotides and deduced amino acid sequences of pHA6 showed striking homology, 89 and 98%, respectively, to those of rabbit Ca2+-ATPase of the slow-twitch form. Northern blot analyses revealed that the mRNA levels of Ca2+-ATPase were decreased by pressure overload and became 32% of sham in 1 mo. During the developmental stage the mRNA levels were very low in the fetal period and steeply increased around birth. These changes in mRNA levels were correlated with the corresponding protein levels. These results suggest that the expression of cardiac Ca2+-ATPase in SR is regulated by pressure overload and the developmental stage, at least in part, at the pretranslational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Komuro
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Kim HD, Rah BJ. Effects of diltiazem on isoproterenol- or Ca-induced ventricular myocardial cell injuries in isolated perfused rabbit heart: an electron microscopic study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1988; 222:260-71. [PMID: 3213977 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092220307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructural changes of isoproterenol- and those of Ca-induced ventricular cell injuries were compared in rabbits and the effect of diltiazem on these injuries was studied by electron microscopy. In comparison with the controls, the isoproterenol-treated (Group A), the Ca-treated (Group B), and the diltiazem-posttreated (Groups E and F) showed severe myocardial cell damage, such as sarcolemmal disruption, mitochondrial swelling, intramitochondrial electron-dense granules, membranous structures along mitochondrial cristae, thickening or close packing of the Z-lines, separation of cell junctions, frayed myofibrils, clumping of chromatin, and intracellular fluid accumulation. These ultrastructural changes were more pronounced in the Ca-treated (Groups B and F) than in the isoproterenol-treated (Groups A and E) animals. In contrast, the diltiazem-pretreated groups (Groups C and D) showed relatively intact myocardial ultrastructure. However, intramitochondrial electron-dense granules could be frequently found, and particularly the diltiazem-pretreated and Ca-treated group (Group D) showed intracellular fluid accumulation. The results of this study could suggest the following: 1) isoproterenol-induced myocardial cell damage is similar to Ca overload, 2) pretreatment with diltiazem could reduce the deleterious effects of isoproterenol-induced myocardial cell damage, but it could not prevent the effects of Ca overload completely, and 3) posttreatment with diltiazem could not provide any beneficial effect either on the isoproterenol-induced or on the Ca-overloaded myocardial cell damage, and 4) the beneficial effects of diltiazem are probably derived from the enhanced buffering function of mitochondria to cytosolic Ca or from selective inhibition of transsarcolemmal Ca influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Kim
- Department of Histology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Levitsky DO, Syrbu SI, Cherepakhin VV, Rokhlin OV. Monoclonal antibodies to dog heart sarcoplasmic reticulum. Antibodies that inhibit Ca2+-pump systems of cardiac and skeletal muscles. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 164:477-84. [PMID: 2436908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb11081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purified sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles from dog heart were used as an antigen to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the Ca2+-ATPase. Nine of twelve clones of hybridoma cells produce mAbs which cross-react with seven SR preparation isolated from cardiac and skeletal muscles of various species. Three mAbs of IgM type interact with the 45-kDa tryptic fragment of rabbit skeletal muscle Ca2+-ATPase and markedly inhibit Ca2+ uptake (by 95%) and ATPase activity (by 80%) and decrease (by 30-50%) the steady-state level of the Ca2+-ATPase phosphoenzyme. The ATPase activity could be completely blocked by one of these mAbs if the incubation medium was supplemented with 2 microM orthovanadate. On the other hand, when SR vesicles were treated with increasing concentrations of a nonionic detergent C12E8, the inhibiting effect of mAb 4B4 is diminished. It is concluded that the mAbs inhibit the Ca2+-ATPase only if the enzyme exists in an oligomeric form. The inhibition of the SR activities is due to an effect of the mAbs on the whole active center of the enzyme, rather than on a single partial reaction.
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Brandl C, deLeon S, Martin D, MacLennan D. Adult forms of the Ca2+ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Expression in developing skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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De Villiers M, Lochner A. Mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes: role of free fatty acids, acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 876:309-17. [PMID: 3955069 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(86)90289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that accumulation of lipid metabolites, such as fatty acids, fatty acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine, in the ischaemic myocardium, may be responsible for disturbances in mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes. In view of the presence of an intracellular fatty acid binding protein, the question arose whether these intermediates affect mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release similarly in vivo. In this study the effects of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoylcarnitine were studied on mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes in the absence and presence of albumin, an avid binder of fatty acid derivatives. Albumin reversed the effects of the above compounds on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release, suggesting that the presence of an intracellular fatty acid binding protein may protect the ischaemic myocardial cell against the deleterious effects of accumulated fatty acid derivatives.
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Methods for Detecting Calcium Release from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skinned Cardiac Cells and the Relationships Between Calculated Transsarcolemmal Calcium Movements and Calcium Release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1171-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Chamberlain BK, Levitsky DO, Fleischer S. Isolation and characterization of canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum with improved Ca2+ transport properties. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Barritt GJ, Lamont SV. Kinetic properties of exchangeable calcium in guinea-pig heart mitochondria measured at low concentrations of free calcium and in the presence of Mg2+, ATP4- and inorganic phosphate. Cell Calcium 1982; 3:215-25. [PMID: 6890411 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4160(82)90002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic properties of exchangeable Ca2+ in isolated guinea-pig heart mitochondria were studied at 25 degrees C in the presence of 0.9 mM free Mg2+, ATP, phosphate ions and 0.4 - 0.5 microM free Ca2+ using a 45Ca2+ exchange technique. The simplest system which was found to be consistent with the data was one in which two kinetically-distinct compartments of exchangeable Ca2+ are present in the mitochondria. In the presence of 6 mM Na and at 0.4 microM free Ca2+, the fractional transfer rates for the transport of Ca2+ from these compartments were found to be 0.6 and 0.05 min-1 and the quantities of exchangeable Ca2+ 0.04 and 0.2 mumol/g wet wt heart, respectively. The amount of 45Ca2+ exchanged increased when the concentration of inorganic phosphate was increased, and decreased slightly when the concentration of free Mg2+ was increased from 1 mM to 3 mM. The flux of Ca2+ across the boundaries of both compartments was inhibited by an increase in the concentration of extramitochondrial Na+. The contribution of mitochondrial Ca2+ to compartments of kinetically-distinct exchangeable Ca2+ observed in intact cardiac muscle is briefly discussed.
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Tada M, Yamada M, Kadoma M, Inui M, Ohmori F. Calcium transport by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and phosphorylation of phospholamban. Mol Cell Biochem 1982; 46:73-95. [PMID: 6287209 DOI: 10.1007/bf00236776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Saetersdal T, Røli J, Engedal H, Jodalen H, Rotevatn S. Protective effects of verapamil against isoprenaline- induced mobilization of mitochondrial calcium and cellular lipid droplets in the myocardium. RESEARCH IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE EXPERIMENTELLE MEDIZIN EINSCHLIESSLICH EXPERIMENTELLER CHIRURGIE 1982; 181:39-47. [PMID: 7134636 DOI: 10.1007/bf01850988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium level and lipid droplets accumulation is studied in the mouse myocardium of animals receiving a single injection of isoprenaline (ISP), of animals receiving ISP after 4-8 days of pretreatment with verapamil (Isoptin), and, of control animals. The animals are sacrificed 4h after the ISP-injection. Calcium is determined in isolated mitochondria and in whole tissue homogenates by atomic absorption spectrometry. Lipid droplets accumulation is analysed by quantitative stereological technique. Mitochondrial calcium is raised by 65% and calcium of whole tissue homogenates by 21% following ISP stimulation. At the same time, the myocardial fractional volume occupied by lipid droplets in the ISP treated animals increases to 14 times that of control. The ISP stimulated elevation of mitochondrial calcium is reduced by 73% and that of lipid fractional volume by 71% after pretreatment with verapamil. No similar reduction of calcium content is observed in the whole tissue homogenates. These results are discussed in terms of the role of Ca2+ in ISP induced myocardial necrosis.
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Aguas AP, Nickerson PA. Distribution of calcium differs in relaxed and contracted myocardial cells of the rat. Cell Tissue Res 1981; 221:295-302. [PMID: 7307053 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial cells from left ventricles of beating hearts of rats were fixed by immersion in an osmium tetroxide solution containing potassium pyroantimonate to study the electron-microscopic distribution of calcium, the cation being precipitated as an electron-opaque salt (calcium antimonate) by this cytochemical technique. The observed myocytes could be divided into two groups according to their contractile state, evaluated by sarcomere length measurements. In contracted cells (mean sarcomere length 1.43 microgram) the intramyofibrillar precipitate was confined to areas of I-bands bordering the A-bands, the intermyofibrillar space showing scarce content in reaction product. Relaxed cells (mean sarcomere length 1.69 microgram) presented a heavy deposition of reaction product over the sarcomeres, the electron-opaque dots being absent on the H and Z bands. The sarcotubular system and mitochondria were also clearly marked by the reaction product. This second pattern of calcium distribution has not been previously described in heart muscle cells and is interpreted as corresponding to the phase of rise of intracellular calcium which is mediated by membrane depolarization. Our results suggests that different bands of heart sarcomeres show different abilities to bind calcium. The I bands retain the cation even in cells under sustained contraction, probably due to their content in calmodulin; Z and M bands are apparently not involved in calcium sequestration, whereas the content in calcium of the A bands seems to be dependent on the contraction-relaxation cycle of heart myocytes.
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Abstract
The rate of aerobic Ca2+ transport is limited by the rate of the H+ pump rather than by the Ca2+ carrier. The kinetics of the Ca2+ carrier has therefore been studied by using the K+ diffusion potential as the driving force. The apparent Vmax of the Ca2+ carrier is, at 20 degrees C, about 900 nmol (mg of protein)-1 min-1, more than twice the rate of the H+ pump. The apparent Vmax is depressed by Mg2+ and Li+. This supports the view that the electrolytes act as noncompetitive inhibitors of the Ca2+ carrier. The degree of sigmoidicity of the kinetics of Ca2+ transport increases with the lowering of the temperature and proportionally with the concentration of impermeant electrolytes such as Mg2+ and Li+ but not choline. The effects of temperature and of electrolyte do not support the view that the sigmoidicity is due to modifications of the surface potential. Rather, they suggest that Ca2+ transport occurs through a multisubunit carrier, where cooperative phenomena are the result of ligand-induced conformational changes due to the interaction of several allosteric effectors with the carrier subunits. In contrast with La3+ which acts as a competitive inhibitor, Ruthenium Red affects the kinetics by inducing phenomena both of positive and of negative cooperativity. The Ruthenium Red induced kinetics has been reproduced through curve-fitting procedures by applying the Koshland sequential interaction hypothesis to a four-subunit Ca2+ carrier model.
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Gerday C, Joris B, Gerardin-Otthiers N, Collin S, Hamoir G. Parvalbumins from the lungfish (Protopterus dolloi). Biochimie 1979; 61:589-99. [PMID: 497249 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(79)80156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Five parvalbumins have been isolated from the white muscles of the lungfish. They can be divided into two sub families showing typical amino acid compositions, C-terminal amino acid residues, peptide maps and immuno-reactivity. The red muscles including the cardiac muscle also contain parvalbumins in amounts roughly inversely related to the concentration of myoglobin in the muscle. Parvalbumins have also been detected in the brain and kidney.
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Shertzer HG, Cascarano J. Anaerobic rat heart: mitochondrial role in calcium uptake and contractility. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1979; 207:337-49. [PMID: 224134 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402070302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the manner by which fumarate enhances contractility in the anaerobic heart, we examined Ca++ movements in isolated heart mitochondria and in the isolated perfused heart. Our experiments showed that in isolated antimycin A plus cyanide treated mitochondria: (a) Ca++ uptake was promoted by electron transport generated by fumarate-dependent oxidation of NADH, (b) Ca++ stimulated fumarate-dependent oxidation of NADH, (c) the ratio of Ca++ uptake:NADH oxidized was 1.7 and (d) the Ca++ sequestered is transiently highly mobile and is rapidly released upon collapse of the membrane potential. In anaerobic hearts perfused with glucose plus fumarate, malate and glutamate Ca++ levels were the same as those in oxygenated hearts while in anaerobic organs perfused with or without glucose Ca++ content was appreciably lower. Succinate production in anaerobic heart perfusions was related to: (a) an increased retention of Ca++ by the heart, (b) a diminution in peak aortic pressure generated by cardiac contractions and (c) an increase in heart rate. The information obtained indicates that mitochondria have a capability for Ca++ movement which be used physiologically, particularly in fumarate perfused anaerobic hearts, to assist the mechanism for contraction and relaxation of the heart.
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Chiesi M, Peterson SW, Acuto O. Reconstitution of a Ca2+-transporting ATPase system from triton X-100-solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 189:132-6. [PMID: 152095 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Case RM. Synthesis, intracellular transport and discharge of exportable proteins in the pancreatic acinar cell and other cells. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1978; 53:211-354. [PMID: 208670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1978.tb01437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Strahs KR, Burt JM, Berns MW. Contractility changes in cultured cardiac cells following laser microirradiation of myofibrils and the cell surface. Exp Cell Res 1978; 113:75-83. [PMID: 639875 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(78)90089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tsokos J, Sans R, Bloom S. Ca2+ uptake by hyperpermeable mouse heart cells: effects of inhibitors of mitochondrial function. Life Sci 1977; 20:1913-21. [PMID: 875628 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(77)90228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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